Pharmacological CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS. with Doses and Preparations

Transcription

1 Pharmacological CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS with Doses and Preparations

2 Pharmacological CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS with Doses and Preparations THIRD EDITION KD Tripathi MD Ex-Director-Professor and Head of Pharmacology Maulana Azad Medical College and associated LN and GB Pant Hospitals New Delhi JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD New Delhi

3 Published by Jitendar P Vij Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi , India Phones: , , , Fax: , jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com Visit our website: Branches 2/B Akruti Society, Jodhpur Gam Road, Satellite, Ahmedabad Phones: , jpamdvd@rediffmail.com 202 Batavia Chambers, 8 Kumara Krupa Road, Kumara Park East Bangalore , Phones: , , Tele Fax: jaypeemedpubbgl@eth.net 282 IIIrd Floor, Khaleel Shirazi Estate, Fountain Plaza Pantheon Road, Chennai , Phones: , Fax: jpchen@eth.net /1-3, Ist Floor, Balaji Building, Ramkote Cross Road, Hyderabad , Phones: , Fax: jpmedpub@rediffmail.com 1A Indian Mirror Street, Wellington Square, Kolkata , Phones: , Fax: jpbcal@cal.vsnl.net.in 106 Amit Industrial Estate, 61 Dr SS Rao Road, Near MGM Hospital Parel, Mumbai , Phones: , , Fax: jpmedpub@bom7.vsnl.net.in jpmedpub@bom7.vsnl.net.in KAMALPUSHPA, 38 Reshimbag, Opp. Mohota Science College Umred Road, Nagpur , Phones: , Fax: jpmednagpur@rediffmail.com Pharmacological Classification of Drugs with Doses and Preparations 2006, KD Tripathi All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher. This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by author is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and author will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only. First Edition : 1986 Second Edition : 1990 Third Edition : 2006 ISBN Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit Printed at Gopsons Papers Ltd., A-14, Sector 60,Noida

4

5 Preface A systematized listing of drugs according to their primary actions, characteristics and/or clinical uses is the first step to learn about them. The mental exercise to prescribe a drug for a patient starts with identifying the class of drugs to be prescribed and then selecting the specific member most appropriate for that patient according to its subclass/ group/individual characteristic. For example, the first thing one decides is whether an analgesic or an antihypertensive or an antibiotic is to be prescribed; then proceeds to consider which type of analgesic (opioid/ nonopioid), or antihypertensive (β blocker/ace inhibitor, etc.), or antibiotic (β-lactam/fluoroquinolone, etc.), and which specific member is most suitable. On the other hand, every drug is known by its class/subclass, e.g. furosemide is a high-ceiling diuretic, glibenclamide is a sulfonylurea antidiabetic. Thus, the importance of grouping and compartmentalizing drugs cannot be over-emphasized. The phenomenal increase in the number of drugs in recent years has further underscored the need for drug classifications. However, drug classifications have been criticised for being arbitrary and imperfect because of nonuniform criteria often adopted and frequent lack of watertight distinctions among drugs of different subgroups. Nevertheless, basing on pharmacological differences and applying a practical approach, meaningful drug classifications can be devised, as has been done in this booklet. The continuing demand of previous editions of this booklet for

6 vi Preface the past 20 years is a testimony to the utility of this approach. The present edition has been thoroghly revised and updated to include drugs marketed till Dec To be useful to medical/pharmacy students as well as to practitioners, the doses (including pediatric doses wherever relevant), frequency and route(s) of administration along with leading brand names of drugs and different types of dosage forms (oral, parenteral, topical, etc.) are listed distinctively after each class of drugs. Thus, essential prescribing information has also been incorporated. Single drug formulations are mainly mentioned. Combined drug formulations find a place wherever important or relevant. The listing of brand names is restricted to only 1 4 per drug, and is not exhaustive. Synonyms and alternative names of drugs and classes of drugs are also mentioned. Two separate indices, one of nonproprietary (generic) names and the other of proprietary (brand) names of drugs have been provided for ready reference. It is hoped that the booklet will coutinue to serve as an aid to remembering drug names, knowing about them, and prescribing them rationally. The cooperation and encouragement of M/s Jaypee Brothers is thankfully acknowledged. New Delhi 6th April 2006 K.D. Tripathi

7 Explanatory Notes 1. The proprietary (brand) names appear in capital letters. The information on dosage form(s) is printed in maroon colour. 2. The doses and regimens are given in smaller type, while nonproprietary (generic) names appear in bigger type. 3. If no brand name of a drug is listed, it is not currently marketed in India, or is marketed only in combinations. This can be found out from the composition of the combined formulation given. 4. If the route of administration is not specified, the drug is administered only orally, and the dose mentioned is the oral dose. 5. Drug doses mentioned without specifying frequency of administration indicate the quantity for a single dose.

8

9 Abbreviations amp AP BD BSA cap Ch cm CR Distab DS DTPA e.c. ER ERP ext g GITS hr i.m. inj IU i.v. kg L LES liq m max Ampoule Action potential Twice daily Body surface area Capsule Child dose Centimeter Continuous release Dispersible tablet Double strength Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid Enteric coated Extended release Effective refractory period Extract Gram Gastrointestinal therapeutic system hour Intramuscular Injection International unit intravenous Kilogram Litre Lower esophageal sphincter Liquid Meter Maximum

10 x Abbreviations meq Milliequivalent mg Milligram min Minute ml Millilitre MR Modified release MU Mega (million) unit MW Molecular weight µg Microgram OD Once daily oint Ointment Pot. Potassium QID Four times a day rdna Recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid s.c. Subcutaneous s.l. Sublingual Sod Sodium SR Sustained release susp Suspension syr Syrup tab Tablet TCID 50 Tissue culture infective dose 50% TDS Three times a day THFA Tetrahydrofolic acid TTS Transdermal therapeutic system U Unit UV Ultra violet yr Year (age) ZE Zollinger-Ellison

11 Contents 1. Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System... 1 Cholinergic Drugs, Anticholinergic Drugs, Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia, Adrenergic Drugs, α-adrenergic Blocking Agents, β-adrenergic Blocking Agents, Drugs used for Glaucoma 2. Autacoids and Related Drugs Histaminergic Agonists, H 1 -Antagonists, 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) Antagonists, Drugs for Migraine, Prostaglandins (PGs) and their Analogues, Antipyretic- Analgesics and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), Antirheumatoid Arthritis Drugs, Antigout Drugs 3. Drugs for Respiratory Disorders Drugs for Cough, Drugs for Bronchial Asthma 4. Hormones and Related Drugs Anterior Pituitary Hormones and Related Drugs, Thyroid Hormone, Thyroid Inhibitors, Antidiabetic Drugs, Corticosteroids, Androgens and Related Drugs, Estrogens and Related Drugs, Progestins, Oral Contraceptives, Uterine Stimulants, Uterine Relaxants 5. Drugs Acting on Peripheral (somatic) Nervous System Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Local Anaesthetics 6. Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System General Anaesthetics, Preanaesthetic Medication, Sedative- Hypnotics, Antiepileptic Drugs, Antiparkinsonian Drugs, Antipsychotic Drugs, Antianxiety Drugs, Antidepressants, Drugs for Mania and Manic-Depressive (Bipolar) Disorder, Opioid Analgesics, Complex Action Opioids and Opioid Antagonists, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Cognition Enhancers

12 xii Contents 7. Cardiovascular Drugs Antihypertensive Drugs, Antianginal Drugs, Drugs for Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Drugs for Congestive Heart Failure, Antiarrhythmic Drugs 8. Drugs Acting on Kidney Diuretics, Antidiuretics 9. Drugs Affecting Blood Haematinics, Coagulants, Anticoagulants, Fibrinolytics, Antifibrinolytics, Antiplatelet Drugs, Hypolipidaemic Drugs, Plasma Expanders 10. Gastrointestinal Drugs Drugs for Peptic Ulcer, Antiemetics, Drugs for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Laxatives, Nonspecific Antidiarrhoeal Drugs 11. Antibacterial Drugs Sulfonamides, Cotrimoxazole, Quinolones, Beta-Lactam Antibiotics (Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactams, Carbapenems), Aminoglycoside Antibiotics, Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Macrolide Antibiotics, Lincosamide Antibiotics, Glycopeptide Antibiotics, Oxazolidinone, Polypeptide Antibiotics, Urinary Antiseptics, Antitubercular Drugs, Antileprotic Drugs 12. Antifungal, Antiviral, Antiprotozoal and Anthelmintic Drugs Antifungal Drugs, Antiviral Drugs, Antimalarial Drugs, Antiamoebic Drugs, Drugs for Giardiasis, Drugs for Trichomoniasis, Drugs for Leishmaniasis, Anthelmintics 13. Anticancer Drugs Antineoplastic Drugs 14. Miscellaneous Drugs Immunosuppressants, Chelating Agents, Locally Acting Drugs on Skin and Mucous Membranes, Antiseptics and Disinfectants, Ectoparasiticides, Vaccines, Antisera and Immuneglobulins Index of Nonproprietary Names of Drugs Index of Proprietary (Brand) Names of Drugs...162

13 Backcover Pharmacological Classification of Drugs, with doses and preparations, 3rd edition is a systematic and updated listing of drug classifications to serve as an aid to remembering drug names and quickly placing them in their appropriate pharmacological/therapeutic category. Such a systematized listing has become particularly relevant in view of the introduction of a large number of new drugs. Essential prescribing information, Viz. doses, routes and frequency of administration and a limited number of leading proprietary (brand) names along with dosage forms of drugs has been provided to make it useful to both medical/pharmacy students as well as professionals.