Social Psychology Questions. 1) The fundamental attribution error phenomenon can best be seen in the following example:

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1 Social Psychology Questions Princeton 1) The fundamental attribution error phenomenon can best be seen in the following example: (A) John blames his failure to get a job on his lack of appropriate skills and ill-preparedness. (B) Phyllis doesn t get the lead in the school play and blames her drama teacher for this failure. (C) Jane blames herself for forgetting that she has a term paper due in two days. (D) Bill doesn t hire John because John was a half hour late for his interview and Bill believes that John s lateness is a result of his laziness and lack of respect for the job. In reality, John was late because he got a flat tire on the way to the interview. (E) Karen understands that her friend is late because she was caught in rush-hour traffic. 2) In the Asch conformity experiments, which of these was NOT a consistent factor influencing the degree to which the conformity to the group answer would be shown by the experimental subject? (A) Unanimity of group opinion (B) Size of the group (C) The subject s perception of his/her social status compared to that of group members (D) Age of the subject (E) Gender of the subject 3) Students are randomly designed by experimenters as likely to experience significant jumps in academic test scores in the coming semester, and this designation is communicated to their teachers. When actual test scares are examined at the end of the semester, it is found that these randomly designated students did indeed tent to experience jumps in performance. This phenomenon is known as (A) the Hawthorne effect (B) the Kandel effect (C) cognitive dissonance (D) the self-fulfilling prophecy (E) the Ainsworth effect 4) An old woman carrying a number of packages has tripped and fallen on a busy urban sidewalk and is having trouble getting back up. The fact that few people are likely to stop and offer her help is referred to by social psychologists as an example of (A) illusory correlation (B) diffusion of responsibility (C) cognitive dissonance (D) altruistic orientation (E) just-world bias 5) Which of the following would illustrate the foot-in-the-door technique of facilitating compliance with a request? (A) A professional fundraiser, needing to get $10,000 from a foundation, first requests four times that amount, expecting to be turned down do that she can then ask for the lesser amount. (B) A teenager, wanting to extend his curfew from 10:00 P.M. to midnight, first asks if it can be extended to the 11:00 P.M. for a specific special occasion; he then plans to ask for the further

2 extension at a later date after pointing out to his parents he was able to handle the 11:00 P.M. curfew. (C) A mother wishing to get her twins to do their homework each day upon coming home from school and before other activities tells each of them separately that the other twin has agreed to do just that. (D) An interviewee desperately needing to get a new job researches the mode of dress in each company he lands an interview with and always shows up at the meeting in that exact mode of dress. (E) A teacher wishing all her students to get their assignments in on time promises her class extra grading points for turning them in early. Kaplan 6) Which of the following is an example of the foot-in-the-door technique? (A) You buy a car because your brother does. (B) You wear a shirt because your friends brought it for you. (C) You face the front of the elevator because everyone else is facing front. (D) You buy expensive perfume because the salesperson gives you a small gift. (E) You stand while everyone else is saying the Pledge of Allegiance. 7) The fact that people are not likely to help someone if they are in a large group is called the (A) Foot-in-the-door. (B) Bystander effect. (C) Obedience effect. (D) Conformity. (E) Compliance effect. 8) Social loafing typically occurs when (A) One is alone. (B) One is in a very small group. (C) One is in a very large group. (D) A project is past deadline. (E) Someone forgets about social responsibility. 9) When someone assumes that a person behaved the way he did because of internal causes, this is called the (A) Fundamental attribution error. (B) Bystander effect. (C) Actor-perceiver bias (D) Stereotyping bias (E) Self-fulfilling prophecy 10) In the research on attraction, proximity affect, similarity, and reinforcement have all been shown to contribute to attraction. Which is the MOST important? (A) Proximity (B) Similarity (C) Affect (D) Reinforcement (E) Psychologists are still uncertain

3 11) In his famous study on obedience, Milgram argued that people (A) Were obedient because they were men. (B) Were obedient because of the situation (C) Were not obedient because the requests were unreasonable (D) In general do what they think is right (E) Today typically do not listen to authorities 12) Which of the following is an example of conformity? (A) Your friend says, Let s go to the mall, and you do. (B) You stop at a stop light. (C) You sing the national anthem because everyone else is singing. (D) You arrive home when you are told to do so by your parents. (E) You wait in line for a ride at the amusement park. 13) In speed skating, two people skate together, but they are not competing so much with each other as they are the clock. This is done because psychologists have discovered, which suggests that we do better in the presence of others. (A) Social Loafing (B) Groupthink (C) Conformity (D) Obedience (E) Social facilitation 14) The idea that someone is willing to commit aggressive acts when he is in a group because there is no immediate consequence for his behavior is called (A) groupthink (B) social loafing (C) deindividuation (D) obedience (E) social facilitation 15) We are sometimes persuaded to do something that we wouldn t normally do. Which of the following is considered to be an important as a persuasive tool? (A) Source of the information (B) Accuracy of the information (C) Direct orders (D) Subliminal messages (E) Backward masking 16) If we help someone simply for the sake of helping it is called (A) bystander effect (B) altruism (C) social loafing (D) deindividuation

4 (E) obedience 17) If we change our behavior but not our attitude, this is an example of (A) private conformity (B) obedience (C) social facilitation (D) public conformity (E) persuasion 18) The fact that people sometimes do things they don t want to do because that are told to do so is called (A) private conformity (B) obedience (C) social facilitation (D) public conformity (E) persuasion 19) The fundamental attribution error occurs when someone attributes causes (A) to the environment (B) to the person (C) to the group process (D) to groupthink (E) the sociocultural variables 20) The fact that we attribute our success to internal causes is called (A) fundamental attribution error (B) actor-perceiver bias (C) self-serving bias (D) groupthink (E) self-fulfilling prophecy 21) In a classic study, it was demonstrated that children who were labeled as potential high achievers put distanced those labeled as low achievers, even though there was no difference between the groups prior to the study. This is an example of (A) fundamental attribution error (B) actor-perceiver bias (C) self-serving bias (D) groupthink (E) self-fulfilling prophecy 22) The fact that we attribute our errors to the environment and other people s errors to internal causes is called (A) fundamental attribution error (B) actor-perceiver bias (C) self-serving bias (D) groupthink (E) self-fulfilling prophecy

5 23) If you are doing a group project and one member of the group is not pulling his own weight, social psychologists might call that behavior (A) bystander effect (B) altruism (C) social loafing (D) deindividuation (E) obedience 24) Suppose you need help with a homework assignment. You ask your friend and she agrees. You end up doing very well on the assignment. Later, your friend needs a ride to the airport. Even though you are very busy, you agree. This is an example of (A) social loafing. (B) deindividuation. (C) obedience. (D) conformity. (E) reciprocity. 25) If you are on a jury, you might find that you have an opinion upon entering the jury room. However, after a while, and after several persuasive arguments, you find yourself agreeing with everyone else. If fact, everyone is very certain about the outcome. This is an example of (A) Bystander effect (B) Altruism (C) Social loafing (D) Groupthink (E) Obedience MCGRAW 5 STEPS TO A 5 26) Mr. Moffatt overheard another teacher describe one of his students as lazy and unmotivated. Though Mr. Moffart had not previously noted this tendency, he began to see exactly what the other teacher had noted. What might account for this phenomenon? (A) Norms (B) Deindividuation (C) Social loafing (D) Self-fulfilling prophecy (E) Representativeness heuristic 27) Some difficult cuts needed to be made in the school board budget and everyone on the board knew that there had to be consensus and cooperation. Even though many members disagreed with certain proposals, each one met with unanimous support or defeat. To preserve cooperation, no one offered conflicting viewpoints. Which of the following concepts in best described by this example? (A) Group polarization (B) Fundamental attribution error (C) Groupthink (D) Role schema (E) Reciprocity

6 28) A young woman was gunned down at a gas station. A busload of onlookers saw the entire event and no one did anything. The bus driver even stepped over the body to pay for his gas. What social psychological phenomenon best accounts for this behavior? (A) Groupthink (B) Altruism (C) Social impairment (D) Superordinate goals (E) Diffusion of responsibility 29) You read in the newspaper that survivors in a plane accident in the Andes were discovered to have eaten other survivors during their 32-day ordeal. You will have committed the fundamental attribution error if you (A) Attribute the behavior to dispositional (personal) factors (B) Attribute the behavior to situational factors (C) Think you would have done the same thing if you had been there (D) Consider the behavior as a signal for the moral degradation of our society (E) Decide never to fly in a plane again 30) Ethnocentrism is the belief that A) Ethnic foods are all good B) Human diversity is a positive force C) One s own culture is superior to others D) Other people are all pretty much alike in their opinions E) Cultural pluralism is a destructive goal that fosters conflict 31) The effect of one confederate selecting a different line from the others in the Asch conformity test was (A) Continuing conformity by the participant to avoid looking bad to the others (B) The participant asking to vote privately on a separate piece of paper (C) A boost to the self-efficacy of the participant (D) To release the participant from the conformity effect (E) To cause the experimenter to release that confederate in the next trial period, thus ensuring continued conformity by the participant 32) Which of the following factors probably plays the least important role in explaining why children often share the same political and economic values as their parents? (A) Exposure to mass media (B) Operant conditioning (C) They have never questioned these beliefs and do not really understand them (D) Modeling (E) Mere exposure effect 33) Of the following, which would be a good example of a self-serving bias? (A) Carlos, who feels that everyone should strive to help themselves as well as others (B) Antoine, who says that he has bombed a test even though he always gets an A (C) Mai, who works harder for teachers who compliment her on her efforts (D) Lina, who overestimates the degree to which people agree with her opinions

7 (E) Betty, who believes that she works harder than others and is underappreciated 34) In a jigsaw classroom, (A) Students are dependent upon each other to learn all parts of a lesson (B) Learning is enhanced by simulations and lectures run by teachers (C) Competition encourages kids to achieve their full potential (D) Outcome research has shown limited success beyond the elementary school level (E) Individualism is encouraged to foster self-esteem 35) Although Graham has not yet met his future college roommate, he learned that the roommate is a football player. He is anxious and unhappy about sharing his room with a football player because he expects that his roommate will be a party animal who makes studying in his room difficult. Graham s attitude can be classified as (A) Stereotype threat (B) Prejudice (C) Discrimination (D) Scapegoating (E) Fully justified 36) When asked what they would do if they could be totally invisible and there would be no recrimination, most people answered that they would commit an antisocial act. Which of the following social phenomena might best be able to explain this response? (A) Reciprocity (B) Group polarization (C) Social loafing (D) Deindividuation (E) Self-fulfilling prophecy 37) Which of the following social psychological experiments has been considered the most unethical and led to sweeping reforms in the APA ethical guidelines? (A) Bandura s Bobo study of TV aggression (B) Asch s line test for conformity (C) Milgram s obedience to authority study (D) Sherif s boys camp study (E) Jane Eliot s brown-eyed/blue-eyed study of prejudice 38) Donald believes himself to be a patriotic citizen, but he also does not believe in attacking countries that are technologically no match for the United States. If the United States was to go to war and Donald were to be drafted, dissonance theory predicts that (A) He would have no conflict in going off to war (B) He might have to change one of this attitudes to feel less tension (C) Justification of the military position would have to be internalized by him (D) Morally, he would have to become a conscientious objector (E) Morally, he must fight and defend his country 39) A charity sends you some greeting cards and you feel that you should send them a small contribution. This feeling comes from the persuasion technique called

8 (A) Foot-in-the-door (B) Reciprocity (C) Door-in-the-face technique (D) Low-ball technique (E) Central route 40) Which of the following is not a key determinant of whether or not two people will become friends? (A) Similarity of interests and social backgrounds (B) Proximity (C) Physical attractiveness (D) Utilitarian value (E) Opposing views on key social issues FAST TRACK TO A 5 41) Which of the following best illustrates the concept of social facilitation? (A) Henrik is not confident in his reading abilities, and when he is asked to read a selected passage aloud in class he stutters (B) Juan likes to run by himself because when people are watching he doesn t run smoothly (C) Gloria understands chemistry, yet she almost always fails her chemistry tests (D) Yolanda is a pretty good juggler; when asked to juggle for her class, she performs very well (E) When Clarence fails a test, he blames his teacher for not teaching him properly 42) While the entire class was singing Happy Birthday to Jared, Mica was moving his lips but was not singing. Because there were already 28 people singing, Mica didn t feel that he needed to sing as well. This group phenomenon is known as (A) Cognitive dissonance (B) Social facilitation (C) Social striving (D) Social loafing (E) Social normation 43) Kareem recently attended a Halloween party whose invitation specified that everyone was to wear a mask. While at the party, he began yelling obscenities at the other guests because he didn t think anyone would know who was behind the mask. Kareem displayed which social psychological principle? (A) Social loafing (B) The bystander effect (C) Actor-observer bias (D) Deindividuation (E) Social facilitation 44) Louis was walking through a crowded hallway to his third-period class when the person in front of him stopped short. Louis immediately decided that the person was inconsiderate and mean. Louis was guilty of committing (A) The bystander effect

9 (B) Actor-observer bias (C) Social facilitation (D) The frustration0aggression principle (E) The fundamental attribution error 45) Terrance is normally quiet and reserved and has said that parties are stupid and pointless. However, this past Saturday Terrance went to a party at his friend s house, where he danced wildly. The next day Terrance said that parties are all right every now and then. Terrance s change in believe could best be explained as (A) The actor-observer effect (B) Bystander apathy (C) Social referencing (D) Cognitive dissonance (E) Diffusion of responsibility 46) Tyler was running late to an appointment when he encountered a person lying on the sidewalk. Tyler noticed that others in the area did not seem to be concerned, and therefore he continued on his way. Which psychological principle did Tyler display? (A) Altruism (B) Actor-observer effect (C) Bystander effect (D) Cognitive dissonance (E) Compliance 47) Professor Jackson is studying the testosterone levels of rats that live in a crowded environment. Professor Jackson believes in which perspective regarding aggression? (A) Biological (B) Psychodynamic (C) Cognitive (D) Behavioral (E) Humanistic 48) Zoe wants to purchase a new car. The car salesman offers to let Zoe take the car home for the weekend because he knows that she is more likely to purchase the car after driving it for a couple of days. The car salesman is using which approach to influence Zoe s decision? (A) Door-in-the-face (B) Low-balling (C) That s-not-all (D) Foot-in-the-door (E) Central route to persuasion 49) Which of the following best illustrates the concept of catharsis? (A) Fred is cheering for his favorite football team (B) Janice is playing basketball (C) Darnell likes to paint pictures of mountains (D) Claude is an aggressive person who starts fights (E) Rhonda likes to take notes in class

10 MYERS PSYCH FOR AP 50) The enhancement of a group s prevailing tendencies occurs when people within a group discuss an idea that most of them either favor or oppose. This tendency is called (A) Group polarization (B) Deindividuation (C) The just-world phenomenon (D) Discrimination (E) Categorization 51) Which of the following statements about the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is false? (A) People who agree to a small action are less likely to agree to a larger one later (B) The Chinese took advantage of this phenomenon in the thought control program they used on prisoners during the Korean war (C) To get people to agree to something big, start small and build (D) Succumb to a temptation and you will find the next temptation harder to resist (E) This phenomenon has been used to boost charitable contributions, blood donations, and product sales 52) When we believe our school is better than all the other schools in town, we exhibit (A) Ingroup bias (B) Conformity (C) The scapegoat theory (D) Discrimination (E) Groupthink 53) Which of the following statements is false? (A) Violent video games have greater effects on aggressive behavior than violent movies (B) Playing violent video games decreases aggressive thoughts and behaviors (C) Observing television violence desensitizes people to cruelty and primes them to respond aggressively when provoked (D) Once established, aggressive behavior patterns are difficult to change (E) Children whose aggression successfully intimidates other children may become more aggressive 54) Rosa parks refusal to sit at the back of the bus is an example of (A) Social thinking (B) Group polarization (C) Conformity (D) Stereotype (E) Minority influence 55) Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy is called (A) The mere exposure effect (B) Hindsight bias (C) Aggression

11 (D) The just-world phenomenon (E) The other-race effect 56) Which of the following least describes prejudice? (A) An unjustifiable attitude toward a group (B) Schemas that influence how we notice and interpret events (C) Preconceived ideas that bias our impressions of others behavior (D) A physical behavior intended to hurt or destroy (E) Automatic and unconscious 57) If Juan believes Ngoc is annoyed with him, he may snub her, causing her to act in ways that justify his perception. This is an example of (A) Superordinate goals (B) Tension-reduction (C) Conciliation (D) A mirror-image perception (E) A social trap

12 KEY 1. D. 2. D. 3. D. 4. B. 5. B. 6. D. 7. B. 8. C. 9. A. 10. E. 11. B. 12. C. 13. E. 14. C. 15. A. 16. B. 17. D. 18. B. 19. B. 20. C. 21. E. 22. B. 23. C. 24. E. 25. D. 26. D. 27. C. 28. E. 29. A. 30. C. 31. D. 32. A. 33. E. 34. A. 35. B. 36. D. 37. C. 38. B. 39. B. 40. E. 41. D. 42. D. 43. D. 44. E. 45. D. 46. C. 47. A. 48. D. 49. A. 50. A.

13 51. A. 52. A. 53. B. 54. E. 55. C. 56. D. 57. D.