A Probability Density Function for Google s stocks
|
|
- Janis Chandler
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A Probabiliy Densiy Funcion for Google s socks V.Dorobanu Physics Deparmen, Poliehnica Universiy of Timisoara, Romania Absrac. I is an approach o inroduce he Fokker Planck equaion as an ineresing naural ingredien in sudying he evoluion of he marke sock prices. Inroducion. From physical poin of view, in many cases, we are ineresed o sudy he behavior of a cerain sysem S. Tha sysem may be coupled o anoher sysem, le i be a reservoir R, or may be no. If we have o do wih coupling, hen our sysem feels he influence of he reservoir so, we have o consider he behavior of he enire sysem S+R. Finally, being ineresed in properies of he sysem S only, i is necessary o find a way o eliminae he variables of R. A horough analysis has been done by Haken [] showing ha an equaion of moion of he sysem S coupled ly o he reservoir R is of he Langevin ype: x() = D(x (), ) f() () + where x is a variable (or a se of ) of our sysem S, D some ime dependen force and f() a flucuaing force coming from reservoir R. One can show [] ha a random force f() can be aken as: f() = s j ( ) n j δ( ) j () wih s being he size of he impulses, n j being zero or depending on he fac ha he random impulses are in forward or backward direcion and δ( j), he Dirac s funcion. Wha we need is he correlaion funcion f() f( ) which can be aken [] as : f() f( ) = Cδ( ) (3) wih C a consan and he saisical average. A sraighforward coninuaion is he Fokker Planck equaion: Ψ ( x, x, ) = x ( D (x)ψ ( x, x, )) + x,x (D (x)ψ( x, x, )) (4)
2 where Ψ (x, x, ) is he probabiliy densiy funcion (), ha is he probabiliy o have he variable x a ime if i had he value a a preceding ime. In fac, (x, x, ) can be aken as Ψ (x, ), namely he Ψ probabiliy o have x in he range x and x + dx a a ime. D (x) coefficien defined as: x is he drif D (x) = lim x () x (5) and D (x) he diffusion coefficien: D (x) = lim x () x (6) The socks marke and he Fokker Planck equaion I seems o be very naural o consider ha if a a cerain ime he price of a sock being x, o ask wha i will be a he subsequen ime, and he answer o his quesion o be done by he a probabiliy densiy funcion saisfying a Fokker Planck equaion. If we look a Google s sock prices [], he sock price, x(), can be considered as a coninuous variable, and as a random one, also. Neverheless, he reservoir may have an influence upon prices: a favorable (or no) aricle in a very known newspaper, an appreciaion of a consuling company, a poliical ineres a a cerain momen of ime, ec. So, he flucuaing force done by () can have n j =, or n j =, and as a consequence, he correlaion funcion is of he form done by (3). Firs version, dependence Following Haken [], we are in a hermodynamics approach of a Brownian moion where he coheren force D (x) can have a cerain expression and D (x) = C. Le us ake C = as a hypohesis. The ime evoluion of Google s socks price has a, raher, complicaed dependence on ime, and i is no specific for Google, i s generally valid. In he limis of experimenal daa, as physiciss say, we can simplify ha dependence assuming a one. The sock price, x(), can be aken as: x () = a + b (7) Allowing x() being of he form (7), D (x) = b, and reminding D (x) =, he Fokker Planck equaion akes he form: Ψ ( x, ) = b xψ ( x, ) + x, xψ( x, ) (8)
3 The soluion of he above equaion (8) is: Ψ(x, ) = π e (x a b) (9) Using daa [] regarding close and high sock s prices, an average beween hem, x() can be aken as: x () = () Fig. shows such a dependence and he confidence inerval, as well. is he s number, namely for he firs (Aug.9, 4), for he second working and so on. The daa cover he inerval beween = (Aug.9, 4), = 573 (Nov.4. 6). goog 5 goog 4 prediced 3 uperror lowerror Fig. Second version, quadraic dependence Wha will happen if he sock s price will reach a maximum value and hen sars o decrease? Obviously, he ime evoluion shall no have he form done by (7). Processing he daa concerning he Google s prices a close session, we can ge an expression like his one: x() = a + b + c () Such a form will change he drif coefficien D,and D as well x(x+ a b c) = D (x,) = + (C + x C ) e () D (x, ) a + b 3
4 Wih (), he soluion of he Fokker-Planck (4) is: Ψ ( x, ) = π e (x c b - a ) (3) Using daa [] regarding close sock s prices, x() can be aken as: x() = (4) Fig. shows he quadraic dependence and he confidence inerval, as well. is he s number, namely for he firs (Aug.9, 4), for he second working and so on. The daa cover he inerval beween = (Aug.9, 4), = 573 (Nov.4. 6). goog googclose prediced uperror lowerror Fig. The cumulaive disribuion funcion, namely he probabiliy o have a price x equal or smaller han a cerain value, aking ino accoun he saring value of, for approximaion is:.77(x.63 9).77(.63 9) cdf = ( Erf [ ] Erf [ ]) (5) and for quadraic approximaion: cdf quadraic =.77(x ( Erf [ Erf.77( [ ) ].65 35) ]) (6) 4
5 Resuls The mos probably o have a price, per sock, of around 5 $, is shown in he Fig.3 and i really happened around he no quadraic Fig.3 The corresponding cumulaive disribuion funcion is: probabiliy x 5 quadraic Fig.4 The mos probably o have a price, per sock, of around 5 $, is, according wih his approach, shown in Fig.5, and i really happened around he no quadraic Fig.5 5
6 The corresponding cumulaive disribuion funcion is: probabiliy x 5 quadraic Fig.6 The mos probably o have a price, per sock, of around 5 $, is, according o his approach shown in Fig.7, and i really happened (perhaps,oo early), around he no quadraic Fig.7 The cumulaive disribuion funcion corresponding o his siuaion is: probabiliy x Fig.8 quadraic 6
7 An esimaion for a price of around 55 $ per sock gives: quadraic Fig.9 The corresponding cumulaive disribuion funcion being: probabiliy Conclusions x Fig. quadraic To apply he Fokker Planck equaion in order o sudy he marke price evoluion seems o be an appropriae one. As one can see from wha was menioned above, we canno predic he jumps in prices, bu who can? Wha can do such an approach is o give a reasonable idea of wha probable will happen, and i for no a very long period. Daa accumulaion will improve he esimaion. References []. H. Haken, Rev. Mod. Phys., Vol. 47, No, January 977 []. hp://finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=goog 7
MTH6121 Introduction to Mathematical Finance Lesson 5
26 MTH6121 Inroducion o Mahemaical Finance Lesson 5 Conens 2.3 Brownian moion wih drif........................... 27 2.4 Geomeric Brownian moion........................... 28 2.5 Convergence of random
More informationChapter 7. Response of First-Order RL and RC Circuits
Chaper 7. esponse of Firs-Order L and C Circuis 7.1. The Naural esponse of an L Circui 7.2. The Naural esponse of an C Circui 7.3. The ep esponse of L and C Circuis 7.4. A General oluion for ep and Naural
More informationRandom Walk in 1-D. 3 possible paths x vs n. -5 For our random walk, we assume the probabilities p,q do not depend on time (n) - stationary
Random Walk in -D Random walks appear in many cones: diffusion is a random walk process undersanding buffering, waiing imes, queuing more generally he heory of sochasic processes gambling choosing he bes
More informationCointegration: The Engle and Granger approach
Coinegraion: The Engle and Granger approach Inroducion Generally one would find mos of he economic variables o be non-saionary I(1) variables. Hence, any equilibrium heories ha involve hese variables require
More informationAcceleration Lab Teacher s Guide
Acceleraion Lab Teacher s Guide Objecives:. Use graphs of disance vs. ime and velociy vs. ime o find acceleraion of a oy car.. Observe he relaionship beween he angle of an inclined plane and he acceleraion
More informationThe Transport Equation
The Transpor Equaion Consider a fluid, flowing wih velociy, V, in a hin sraigh ube whose cross secion will be denoed by A. Suppose he fluid conains a conaminan whose concenraion a posiion a ime will be
More informationStochastic Optimal Control Problem for Life Insurance
Sochasic Opimal Conrol Problem for Life Insurance s. Basukh 1, D. Nyamsuren 2 1 Deparmen of Economics and Economerics, Insiue of Finance and Economics, Ulaanbaaar, Mongolia 2 School of Mahemaics, Mongolian
More informationMathematics in Pharmacokinetics What and Why (A second attempt to make it clearer)
Mahemaics in Pharmacokineics Wha and Why (A second aemp o make i clearer) We have used equaions for concenraion () as a funcion of ime (). We will coninue o use hese equaions since he plasma concenraions
More informationAnswer, Key Homework 2 David McIntyre 45123 Mar 25, 2004 1
Answer, Key Homework 2 Daid McInyre 4123 Mar 2, 2004 1 This prin-ou should hae 1 quesions. Muliple-choice quesions may coninue on he ne column or page find all choices before making your selecion. The
More informationDifferential Equations. Solving for Impulse Response. Linear systems are often described using differential equations.
Differenial Equaions Linear sysems are ofen described using differenial equaions. For example: d 2 y d 2 + 5dy + 6y f() d where f() is he inpu o he sysem and y() is he oupu. We know how o solve for y given
More informationImagine a Source (S) of sound waves that emits waves having frequency f and therefore
heoreical Noes: he oppler Eec wih ound Imagine a ource () o sound waes ha emis waes haing requency and hereore period as measured in he res rame o he ource (). his means ha any eecor () ha is no moing
More information= r t dt + σ S,t db S t (19.1) with interest rates given by a mean reverting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck or Vasicek process,
Chaper 19 The Black-Scholes-Vasicek Model The Black-Scholes-Vasicek model is given by a sandard ime-dependen Black-Scholes model for he sock price process S, wih ime-dependen bu deerminisic volailiy σ
More informationAP Calculus BC 2010 Scoring Guidelines
AP Calculus BC Scoring Guidelines The College Board The College Board is a no-for-profi membership associaion whose mission is o connec sudens o college success and opporuniy. Founded in, he College Board
More informationcooking trajectory boiling water B (t) microwave 0 2 4 6 8 101214161820 time t (mins)
Alligaor egg wih calculus We have a large alligaor egg jus ou of he fridge (1 ) which we need o hea o 9. Now here are wo accepable mehods for heaing alligaor eggs, one is o immerse hem in boiling waer
More informationChapter 2 Kinematics in One Dimension
Chaper Kinemaics in One Dimension Chaper DESCRIBING MOTION:KINEMATICS IN ONE DIMENSION PREVIEW Kinemaics is he sudy of how hings moe how far (disance and displacemen), how fas (speed and elociy), and how
More informationStability. Coefficients may change over time. Evolution of the economy Policy changes
Sabiliy Coefficiens may change over ime Evoluion of he economy Policy changes Time Varying Parameers y = α + x β + Coefficiens depend on he ime period If he coefficiens vary randomly and are unpredicable,
More information17 Laplace transform. Solving linear ODE with piecewise continuous right hand sides
7 Laplace ransform. Solving linear ODE wih piecewise coninuous righ hand sides In his lecure I will show how o apply he Laplace ransform o he ODE Ly = f wih piecewise coninuous f. Definiion. A funcion
More informationKey Words: Steel Modelling, ARMA, GARCH, COGARCH, Lévy Processes, Discrete Time Models, Continuous Time Models, Stochastic Modelling
Vol 4, No, 01 ISSN: 1309-8055 (Online STEEL PRICE MODELLING WITH LEVY PROCESS Emre Kahraman Türk Ekonomi Bankası (TEB A.Ş. Direcor / Risk Capial Markes Deparmen emre.kahraman@eb.com.r Gazanfer Unal Yediepe
More informationTerm Structure of Prices of Asian Options
Term Srucure of Prices of Asian Opions Jirô Akahori, Tsuomu Mikami, Kenji Yasuomi and Teruo Yokoa Dep. of Mahemaical Sciences, Risumeikan Universiy 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusasu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan E-mail:
More informationANALYSIS AND COMPARISONS OF SOME SOLUTION CONCEPTS FOR STOCHASTIC PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS
ANALYSIS AND COMPARISONS OF SOME SOLUTION CONCEPTS FOR STOCHASTIC PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS R. Caballero, E. Cerdá, M. M. Muñoz and L. Rey () Deparmen of Applied Economics (Mahemaics), Universiy of Málaga,
More informationVector Autoregressions (VARs): Operational Perspectives
Vecor Auoregressions (VARs): Operaional Perspecives Primary Source: Sock, James H., and Mark W. Wason, Vecor Auoregressions, Journal of Economic Perspecives, Vol. 15 No. 4 (Fall 2001), 101-115. Macroeconomericians
More informationCommunication Networks II Contents
3 / 1 -- Communicaion Neworks II (Görg) -- www.comnes.uni-bremen.de Communicaion Neworks II Conens 1 Fundamenals of probabiliy heory 2 Traffic in communicaion neworks 3 Sochasic & Markovian Processes (SP
More informationWhy Did the Demand for Cash Decrease Recently in Korea?
Why Did he Demand for Cash Decrease Recenly in Korea? Byoung Hark Yoo Bank of Korea 26. 5 Absrac We explores why cash demand have decreased recenly in Korea. The raio of cash o consumpion fell o 4.7% in
More informationJournal Of Business & Economics Research September 2005 Volume 3, Number 9
Opion Pricing And Mone Carlo Simulaions George M. Jabbour, (Email: jabbour@gwu.edu), George Washingon Universiy Yi-Kang Liu, (yikang@gwu.edu), George Washingon Universiy ABSTRACT The advanage of Mone Carlo
More informationPROFIT TEST MODELLING IN LIFE ASSURANCE USING SPREADSHEETS PART ONE
Profi Tes Modelling in Life Assurance Using Spreadshees PROFIT TEST MODELLING IN LIFE ASSURANCE USING SPREADSHEETS PART ONE Erik Alm Peer Millingon 2004 Profi Tes Modelling in Life Assurance Using Spreadshees
More information1. y 5y + 6y = 2e t Solution: Characteristic equation is r 2 5r +6 = 0, therefore r 1 = 2, r 2 = 3, and y 1 (t) = e 2t,
Homework6 Soluions.7 In Problem hrough 4 use he mehod of variaion of parameers o find a paricular soluion of he given differenial equaion. Then check your answer by using he mehod of undeermined coeffiens..
More informationA general decomposition formula for derivative prices in stochastic volatility models
A general decomposiion formula for derivaive prices in sochasic volailiy models Elisa Alòs Universia Pompeu Fabra C/ Ramón rias Fargas, 5-7 85 Barcelona Absrac We see ha he price of an european call opion
More information2.5 Life tables, force of mortality and standard life insurance products
Soluions 5 BS4a Acuarial Science Oford MT 212 33 2.5 Life ables, force of moraliy and sandard life insurance producs 1. (i) n m q represens he probabiliy of deah of a life currenly aged beween ages + n
More informationMorningstar Investor Return
Morningsar Invesor Reurn Morningsar Mehodology Paper Augus 31, 2010 2010 Morningsar, Inc. All righs reserved. The informaion in his documen is he propery of Morningsar, Inc. Reproducion or ranscripion
More informationDYNAMIC MODELS FOR VALUATION OF WRONGFUL DEATH PAYMENTS
DYNAMIC MODELS FOR VALUATION OF WRONGFUL DEATH PAYMENTS Hong Mao, Shanghai Second Polyechnic Universiy Krzyszof M. Osaszewski, Illinois Sae Universiy Youyu Zhang, Fudan Universiy ABSTRACT Liigaion, exper
More information11/6/2013. Chapter 14: Dynamic AD-AS. Introduction. Introduction. Keeping track of time. The model s elements
Inroducion Chaper 14: Dynamic D-S dynamic model of aggregae and aggregae supply gives us more insigh ino how he economy works in he shor run. I is a simplified version of a DSGE model, used in cuing-edge
More informationDistance to default. Credit derivatives provide synthetic protection against bond and loan ( ( )) ( ) Strap? l Cutting edge
Srap? l Cuing edge Disance o defaul Marco Avellaneda and Jingyi Zhu Credi derivaives provide synheic proecion agains bond and loan defauls. A simple example of a credi derivaive is he credi defaul swap,
More informationSignal Rectification
9/3/25 Signal Recificaion.doc / Signal Recificaion n imporan applicaion of juncion diodes is signal recificaion. here are wo ypes of signal recifiers, half-wae and fullwae. Le s firs consider he ideal
More informationON THE PRICING OF EQUITY-LINKED LIFE INSURANCE CONTRACTS IN GAUSSIAN FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Teor Imov r.amaem.sais. Theor. Probabiliy and Mah. Sais. Vip. 7, 24 No. 7, 25, Pages 15 111 S 94-9(5)634-4 Aricle elecronically published on Augus 12, 25 ON THE PRICING OF EQUITY-LINKED LIFE INSURANCE
More informationForecasting, Ordering and Stock- Holding for Erratic Demand
ISF 2002 23 rd o 26 h June 2002 Forecasing, Ordering and Sock- Holding for Erraic Demand Andrew Eaves Lancaser Universiy / Andalus Soluions Limied Inroducion Erraic and slow-moving demand Demand classificaion
More informationINTEREST RATE FUTURES AND THEIR OPTIONS: SOME PRICING APPROACHES
INTEREST RATE FUTURES AND THEIR OPTIONS: SOME PRICING APPROACHES OPENGAMMA QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Absrac. Exchange-raded ineres rae fuures and heir opions are described. The fuure opions include hose paying
More informationName: Algebra II Review for Quiz #13 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions including Modeling
Name: Algebra II Review for Quiz #13 Exponenial and Logarihmic Funcions including Modeling TOPICS: -Solving Exponenial Equaions (The Mehod of Common Bases) -Solving Exponenial Equaions (Using Logarihms)
More informationAP Calculus AB 2013 Scoring Guidelines
AP Calculus AB 1 Scoring Guidelines The College Board The College Board is a mission-driven no-for-profi organizaion ha connecs sudens o college success and opporuniy. Founded in 19, he College Board was
More informationTEMPORAL PATTERN IDENTIFICATION OF TIME SERIES DATA USING PATTERN WAVELETS AND GENETIC ALGORITHMS
TEMPORAL PATTERN IDENTIFICATION OF TIME SERIES DATA USING PATTERN WAVELETS AND GENETIC ALGORITHMS RICHARD J. POVINELLI AND XIN FENG Deparmen of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Marquee Universiy, P.O.
More informationVolatility in Returns of Islamic and Commercial Banks in Pakistan
Volailiy in Reurns of Islamic and Commercial Banks in Pakisan Muhammad Iqbal Non-Linear Time Series Analysis Prof. Rober Kuns Deparmen of Economic, Universiy of Vienna, Vienna, Ausria Inroducion Islamic
More informationOptimal Stock Selling/Buying Strategy with reference to the Ultimate Average
Opimal Sock Selling/Buying Sraegy wih reference o he Ulimae Average Min Dai Dep of Mah, Naional Universiy of Singapore, Singapore Yifei Zhong Dep of Mah, Naional Universiy of Singapore, Singapore July
More informationFull-wave rectification, bulk capacitor calculations Chris Basso January 2009
ull-wave recificaion, bulk capacior calculaions Chris Basso January 9 This shor paper shows how o calculae he bulk capacior value based on ripple specificaions and evaluae he rms curren ha crosses i. oal
More informationStrategic Optimization of a Transportation Distribution Network
Sraegic Opimizaion of a Transporaion Disribuion Nework K. John Sophabmixay, Sco J. Mason, Manuel D. Rossei Deparmen of Indusrial Engineering Universiy of Arkansas 4207 Bell Engineering Cener Fayeeville,
More informationAnalogue and Digital Signal Processing. First Term Third Year CS Engineering By Dr Mukhtiar Ali Unar
Analogue and Digial Signal Processing Firs Term Third Year CS Engineering By Dr Mukhiar Ali Unar Recommended Books Haykin S. and Van Veen B.; Signals and Sysems, John Wiley& Sons Inc. ISBN: 0-7-380-7 Ifeachor
More informationMortality Variance of the Present Value (PV) of Future Annuity Payments
Morali Variance of he Presen Value (PV) of Fuure Annui Pamens Frank Y. Kang, Ph.D. Research Anals a Frank Russell Compan Absrac The variance of he presen value of fuure annui pamens plas an imporan role
More informationModule 3 Design for Strength. Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur
Module 3 Design for Srengh Lesson 2 Sress Concenraion Insrucional Objecives A he end of his lesson, he sudens should be able o undersand Sress concenraion and he facors responsible. Deerminaion of sress
More informationA Generalized Bivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Model for Financial Assets
A Generalized Bivariae Ornsein-Uhlenbeck Model for Financial Asses Romy Krämer, Mahias Richer Technische Universiä Chemniz, Fakulä für Mahemaik, 917 Chemniz, Germany Absrac In his paper, we sudy mahemaical
More informationChapter 8: Regression with Lagged Explanatory Variables
Chaper 8: Regression wih Lagged Explanaory Variables Time series daa: Y for =1,..,T End goal: Regression model relaing a dependen variable o explanaory variables. Wih ime series new issues arise: 1. One
More informationHedging with Forwards and Futures
Hedging wih orwards and uures Hedging in mos cases is sraighforward. You plan o buy 10,000 barrels of oil in six monhs and you wish o eliminae he price risk. If you ake he buy-side of a forward/fuures
More informationSURVEYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STOCK MARKET MAKER AND LIQUIDITY IN TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE COMPANIES
Inernaional Journal of Accouning Research Vol., No. 7, 4 SURVEYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STOCK MARKET MAKER AND LIQUIDITY IN TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE COMPANIES Mohammad Ebrahimi Erdi, Dr. Azim Aslani,
More informationHOW CLOSE ARE THE OPTION PRICING FORMULAS OF BACHELIER AND BLACK-MERTON-SCHOLES?
HOW CLOSE ARE THE OPTION PRICING FORMULAS OF BACHELIER AND BLACK-MERTON-SCHOLES? WALTER SCHACHERMAYER AND JOSEF TEICHMANN Absrac. We compare he opion pricing formulas of Louis Bachelier and Black-Meron-Scholes
More informationAP Calculus AB 2010 Scoring Guidelines
AP Calculus AB 1 Scoring Guidelines The College Board The College Board is a no-for-profi membership associaion whose mission is o connec sudens o college success and opporuniy. Founded in 1, he College
More informationAnalysis of Planck and the Equilibrium ofantis in Tropical Physics
Emergence of Fokker-Planck Dynamics wihin a Closed Finie Spin Sysem H. Niemeyer(*), D. Schmidke(*), J. Gemmer(*), K. Michielsen(**), H. de Raed(**) (*)Universiy of Osnabrück, (**) Supercompuing Cener Juelich
More informationA Note on Using the Svensson procedure to estimate the risk free rate in corporate valuation
A Noe on Using he Svensson procedure o esimae he risk free rae in corporae valuaion By Sven Arnold, Alexander Lahmann and Bernhard Schwezler Ocober 2011 1. The risk free ineres rae in corporae valuaion
More informationSecond Order Linear Differential Equations
Second Order Linear Differenial Equaions Second order linear equaions wih consan coefficiens; Fundamenal soluions; Wronskian; Exisence and Uniqueness of soluions; he characerisic equaion; soluions of homogeneous
More informationSignal Processing and Linear Systems I
Sanford Universiy Summer 214-215 Signal Processing and Linear Sysems I Lecure 5: Time Domain Analysis of Coninuous Time Sysems June 3, 215 EE12A:Signal Processing and Linear Sysems I; Summer 14-15, Gibbons
More informationMACROECONOMIC FORECASTS AT THE MOF A LOOK INTO THE REAR VIEW MIRROR
MACROECONOMIC FORECASTS AT THE MOF A LOOK INTO THE REAR VIEW MIRROR The firs experimenal publicaion, which summarised pas and expeced fuure developmen of basic economic indicaors, was published by he Minisry
More informationCHARGE AND DISCHARGE OF A CAPACITOR
REFERENCES RC Circuis: Elecrical Insrumens: Mos Inroducory Physics exs (e.g. A. Halliday and Resnick, Physics ; M. Sernheim and J. Kane, General Physics.) This Laboraory Manual: Commonly Used Insrumens:
More informationThe option pricing framework
Chaper 2 The opion pricing framework The opion markes based on swap raes or he LIBOR have become he larges fixed income markes, and caps (floors) and swapions are he mos imporan derivaives wihin hese markes.
More informationWHAT ARE OPTION CONTRACTS?
WHAT ARE OTION CONTRACTS? By rof. Ashok anekar An oion conrac is a derivaive which gives he righ o he holder of he conrac o do 'Somehing' bu wihou he obligaion o do ha 'Somehing'. The 'Somehing' can be
More information1 HALF-LIFE EQUATIONS
R.L. Hanna Page HALF-LIFE EQUATIONS The basic equaion ; he saring poin ; : wrien for ime: x / where fracion of original maerial and / number of half-lives, and / log / o calculae he age (# ears): age (half-life)
More informationEconomics Honors Exam 2008 Solutions Question 5
Economics Honors Exam 2008 Soluions Quesion 5 (a) (2 poins) Oupu can be decomposed as Y = C + I + G. And we can solve for i by subsiuing in equaions given in he quesion, Y = C + I + G = c 0 + c Y D + I
More informationTransient Analysis of First Order RC and RL circuits
Transien Analysis of Firs Order and iruis The irui shown on Figure 1 wih he swih open is haraerized by a pariular operaing ondiion. Sine he swih is open, no urren flows in he irui (i=0) and v=0. The volage
More informationResearch on Inventory Sharing and Pricing Strategy of Multichannel Retailer with Channel Preference in Internet Environment
Vol. 7, No. 6 (04), pp. 365-374 hp://dx.doi.org/0.457/ijhi.04.7.6.3 Research on Invenory Sharing and Pricing Sraegy of Mulichannel Reailer wih Channel Preference in Inerne Environmen Hanzong Li College
More informationARCH 2013.1 Proceedings
Aricle from: ARCH 213.1 Proceedings Augus 1-4, 212 Ghislain Leveille, Emmanuel Hamel A renewal model for medical malpracice Ghislain Léveillé École d acuaria Universié Laval, Québec, Canada 47h ARC Conference
More informationPricing Futures and Futures Options with Basis Risk
Pricing uures and uures Opions wih Basis Risk Chou-Wen ang Assisan professor in he Deparmen of inancial Managemen Naional Kaohsiung irs niversiy of cience & Technology Taiwan Ting-Yi Wu PhD candidae in
More informationLectures # 5 and 6: The Prime Number Theorem.
Lecures # 5 and 6: The Prime Number Theorem Noah Snyder July 8, 22 Riemann s Argumen Riemann used his analyically coninued ζ-funcion o skech an argumen which would give an acual formula for π( and sugges
More informationOptimal Investment and Consumption Decision of Family with Life Insurance
Opimal Invesmen and Consumpion Decision of Family wih Life Insurance Minsuk Kwak 1 2 Yong Hyun Shin 3 U Jin Choi 4 6h World Congress of he Bachelier Finance Sociey Torono, Canada June 25, 2010 1 Speaker
More informationStochastic Calculus and Option Pricing
Sochasic Calculus and Opion Pricing Leonid Kogan MIT, Sloan 15.450, Fall 2010 c Leonid Kogan ( MIT, Sloan ) Sochasic Calculus 15.450, Fall 2010 1 / 74 Ouline 1 Sochasic Inegral 2 Iô s Lemma 3 Black-Scholes
More informationOption Pricing Under Stochastic Interest Rates
I.J. Engineering and Manufacuring, 0,3, 8-89 ublished Online June 0 in MECS (hp://www.mecs-press.ne) DOI: 0.585/ijem.0.03. Available online a hp://www.mecs-press.ne/ijem Opion ricing Under Sochasic Ineres
More informationSPEC model selection algorithm for ARCH models: an options pricing evaluation framework
Applied Financial Economics Leers, 2008, 4, 419 423 SEC model selecion algorihm for ARCH models: an opions pricing evaluaion framework Savros Degiannakis a, * and Evdokia Xekalaki a,b a Deparmen of Saisics,
More informationTHE PRESSURE DERIVATIVE
Tom Aage Jelmer NTNU Dearmen of Peroleum Engineering and Alied Geohysics THE PRESSURE DERIVATIVE The ressure derivaive has imoran diagnosic roeries. I is also imoran for making ye curve analysis more reliable.
More informationHow To Calculate Price Elasiciy Per Capia Per Capi
Price elasiciy of demand for crude oil: esimaes for 23 counries John C.B. Cooper Absrac This paper uses a muliple regression model derived from an adapaion of Nerlove s parial adjusmen model o esimae boh
More informationChapter 4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Chaper 4: Eponenial and Logarihmic Funcions Secion 4.1 Eponenial Funcions... 15 Secion 4. Graphs of Eponenial Funcions... 3 Secion 4.3 Logarihmic Funcions... 4 Secion 4.4 Logarihmic Properies... 53 Secion
More informationPresent Value Methodology
Presen Value Mehodology Econ 422 Invesmen, Capial & Finance Universiy of Washingon Eric Zivo Las updaed: April 11, 2010 Presen Value Concep Wealh in Fisher Model: W = Y 0 + Y 1 /(1+r) The consumer/producer
More informationA Curriculum Module for AP Calculus BC Curriculum Module
Vecors: A Curriculum Module for AP Calculus BC 00 Curriculum Module The College Board The College Board is a no-for-profi membership associaion whose mission is o connec sudens o college success and opporuniy.
More informationAP Calculus AB 2007 Scoring Guidelines
AP Calculus AB 7 Scoring Guidelines The College Board: Connecing Sudens o College Success The College Board is a no-for-profi membership associaion whose mission is o connec sudens o college success and
More informationDOES TRADING VOLUME INFLUENCE GARCH EFFECTS? SOME EVIDENCE FROM THE GREEK MARKET WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BANKING SECTOR
Invesmen Managemen and Financial Innovaions, Volume 4, Issue 3, 7 33 DOES TRADING VOLUME INFLUENCE GARCH EFFECTS? SOME EVIDENCE FROM THE GREEK MARKET WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BANKING SECTOR Ahanasios
More informationNiche Market or Mass Market?
Niche Marke or Mass Marke? Maxim Ivanov y McMaser Universiy July 2009 Absrac The de niion of a niche or a mass marke is based on he ranking of wo variables: he monopoly price and he produc mean value.
More informationDeveloping Equity Release Markets: Risk Analysis for Reverse Mortgage and Home Reversion
Developing Equiy Release Markes: Risk Analysis for Reverse Morgage and Home Reversion Daniel Alai, Hua Chen, Daniel Cho, Kaja Hanewald, Michael Sherris Developing he Equiy Release Markes 8 h Inernaional
More informationWorking Paper No. 482. Net Intergenerational Transfers from an Increase in Social Security Benefits
Working Paper No. 482 Ne Inergeneraional Transfers from an Increase in Social Securiy Benefis By Li Gan Texas A&M and NBER Guan Gong Shanghai Universiy of Finance and Economics Michael Hurd RAND Corporaion
More informationDifferential Equations and Linear Superposition
Differenial Equaions and Linear Superposiion Basic Idea: Provide soluion in closed form Like Inegraion, no general soluions in closed form Order of equaion: highes derivaive in equaion e.g. dy d dy 2 y
More informationNewton s Laws of Motion
Newon s Laws of Moion MS4414 Theoreical Mechanics Firs Law velociy. In he absence of exernal forces, a body moves in a sraigh line wih consan F = 0 = v = cons. Khan Academy Newon I. Second Law body. The
More informationINTRODUCTION TO EMAIL MARKETING PERSONALIZATION. How to increase your sales with personalized triggered emails
INTRODUCTION TO EMAIL MARKETING PERSONALIZATION How o increase your sales wih personalized riggered emails ECOMMERCE TRIGGERED EMAILS BEST PRACTICES Triggered emails are generaed in real ime based on each
More informationThe Real Business Cycle paradigm. The RBC model emphasizes supply (technology) disturbances as the main source of
Prof. Harris Dellas Advanced Macroeconomics Winer 2001/01 The Real Business Cycle paradigm The RBC model emphasizes supply (echnology) disurbances as he main source of macroeconomic flucuaions in a world
More informationDYNAMIC ECONOMETRIC MODELS Vol. 7 Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń 2006. Ryszard Doman Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań
DYNAMIC ECONOMETRIC MODELS Vol. 7 Nicolaus Copernicus Universiy Toruń 26 1. Inroducion Adam Mickiewicz Universiy in Poznań Measuring Condiional Dependence of Polish Financial Reurns Idenificaion of condiional
More informationINSTRUMENTS OF MONETARY POLICY*
Aricles INSTRUMENTS OF MONETARY POLICY* Bernardino Adão** Isabel Correia** Pedro Teles**. INTRODUCTION A classic quesion in moneary economics is wheher he ineres rae or he money supply is he beer insrumen
More informationNew Pricing Framework: Options and Bonds
arxiv:1407.445v [q-fin.pr] 14 Oc 014 New Pricing Framework: Opions and Bonds Nick Laskin TopQuark Inc. Torono, ON, M6P P Absrac A unified analyical pricing framework wih involvemen of he sho noise random
More informationFourier Series & The Fourier Transform
Fourier Series & The Fourier Transform Wha is he Fourier Transform? Fourier Cosine Series for even funcions and Sine Series for odd funcions The coninuous limi: he Fourier ransform (and is inverse) The
More informationRC (Resistor-Capacitor) Circuits. AP Physics C
(Resisor-Capacior Circuis AP Physics C Circui Iniial Condiions An circui is one where you have a capacior and resisor in he same circui. Suppose we have he following circui: Iniially, he capacior is UNCHARGED
More informationThe Greek financial crisis: growing imbalances and sovereign spreads. Heather D. Gibson, Stephan G. Hall and George S. Tavlas
The Greek financial crisis: growing imbalances and sovereign spreads Heaher D. Gibson, Sephan G. Hall and George S. Tavlas The enry The enry of Greece ino he Eurozone in 2001 produced a dividend in he
More informationThe Application of Multi Shifts and Break Windows in Employees Scheduling
The Applicaion of Muli Shifs and Brea Windows in Employees Scheduling Evy Herowai Indusrial Engineering Deparmen, Universiy of Surabaya, Indonesia Absrac. One mehod for increasing company s performance
More informationadaptive control; stochastic systems; certainty equivalence principle; long-term
COMMUICATIOS I IFORMATIO AD SYSTEMS c 2006 Inernaional Press Vol. 6, o. 4, pp. 299-320, 2006 003 ADAPTIVE COTROL OF LIEAR TIME IVARIAT SYSTEMS: THE BET O THE BEST PRICIPLE S. BITTATI AD M. C. CAMPI Absrac.
More informationDuration and Convexity ( ) 20 = Bond B has a maturity of 5 years and also has a required rate of return of 10%. Its price is $613.
Graduae School of Business Adminisraion Universiy of Virginia UVA-F-38 Duraion and Convexiy he price of a bond is a funcion of he promised paymens and he marke required rae of reurn. Since he promised
More information4 Convolution. Recommended Problems. x2[n] 1 2[n]
4 Convoluion Recommended Problems P4.1 This problem is a simple example of he use of superposiion. Suppose ha a discree-ime linear sysem has oupus y[n] for he given inpus x[n] as shown in Figure P4.1-1.
More informationStatistical Analysis with Little s Law. Supplementary Material: More on the Call Center Data. by Song-Hee Kim and Ward Whitt
Saisical Analysis wih Lile s Law Supplemenary Maerial: More on he Call Cener Daa by Song-Hee Kim and Ward Whi Deparmen of Indusrial Engineering and Operaions Research Columbia Universiy, New York, NY 17-99
More informationMultiprocessor Systems-on-Chips
Par of: Muliprocessor Sysems-on-Chips Edied by: Ahmed Amine Jerraya and Wayne Wolf Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2005 2 Modeling Shared Resources Conex swiching implies overhead. On a processing elemen,
More informationTime Series Analysis Using SAS R Part I The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Test
ABSTRACT Time Series Analysis Using SAS R Par I The Augmened Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Tes By Ismail E. Mohamed The purpose of his series of aricles is o discuss SAS programming echniques specifically designed
More informationAppendix A: Area. 1 Find the radius of a circle that has circumference 12 inches.
Appendi A: Area worked-ou s o Odd-Numbered Eercises Do no read hese worked-ou s before aemping o do he eercises ourself. Oherwise ou ma mimic he echniques shown here wihou undersanding he ideas. Bes wa
More information