Experimenteel natuurbeheer en biodiversiteit van natte heide. Even voorstellen... Chopperen Biodiversiteit natte heide

Transcription

1 Experimenteel natuurbeheer en biodiversiteit van natte heide Even voorstellen... Chopperen Biodiversiteit natte heide

2 Overview Matthijs Courbois Courbois Flora & Fauna Expert Ecologisch advies Inventarisaties Flora- & faunawet

3 Overview Matthijs Courbois JNM, Bos- en Natuurbeheer Wageningen Universiteit Onderzoek natuurwetgeving, onderwijs, bodemfauna, insecten,

4 Which species should we count? Improving an indicator species approach for biodiversity conservation in wet heathlands Matthijs Courbois Courbois Flora & Fauna Expert Together with: Prof. Dr. Ir. Michiel Wallis de Vries (Laboratory for Entomology WUR, Butterfly Conservation) Dr. Ir. Elmar Veenendaal (Nature Conservation and Plant ecology WUR)

5 Wetenschappelijk probleem Doelen natuurbeheer Ecosysteem Habitat kwaliteit Biodiversiteit Soorten Welk doel is het beste?

6 Alternatieven voor plaggen Natte heide [Ericetum tetralicis] Vermesting, alleen Molinia Problemen met plaggen Verstoring Opslag Alleen Erica tetralix

7 Methoden: Experimental design Experimental block design 8 behandelingen: Plaggen Chopperen Drukbegrazing Controle All +- Kalkkorrels

8 Experimental design Kampina en Strabrechtse heide 1,5 jaar na behandeling 20x20m, 3 blocks op beide locaties

9 Experimental design Kampina en Strabrechtse heide 1,5 jaar na behandeling 20x20m, 3 blocks op beide locaties

10 Experimental design Tellingen: Dagvlinders & Sprinkhanen Mieren Spinnen & Loopkevers Planten en mossen Structuur: kale bodem, vegetatie hoogte Micro-topographie

11 Experimental design Tellingen: Dagvlinders & Sprinkhanen Dagtelling Mieren Wijnbuisjes Spinnen & Loopkevers Potvallen Planten en mossen Opname Structuur: kale bodem, hoogte

12 Voorlopige resultaten

13 Beste indicatorsoorten voor biodiversiteit in natte heides Correction for location differences R = P < Soort species group Rode Lijst Veenmier ants Germany Aardhommel s.l. bees no Heidewitvlakvlinder moths yes Levendbarende hagedis reptiles yes Bont dikkopje butterflies yes Klokjesgentiaan plants yes

14 Best MSG With the knowledge of today... Correction for location differences R=.633 P=.000 species species group RL Original MSG Formica picea ants Germany yes Bombus cf. terrestris bees no no Orgyia antiquoides moths yes no Zootoca vivipara reptiles yes yes Carterocephalus palaemon butterflies yes yes Gentiana pneumonanthe plants yes yes

15 Monitoring Soort of Habitatkwaliteit: soort als indicator habitatkwaliteit EU Habitat richtlijn: meer kleine soorten SNL monitoring: meer soortgroepen, in 2 veldrondes

16 Multispecies approach Problem Ecosystem attribute 1 Ecosystem attribute 2 Ecosystem attribute 3 Species 1 Species 2 Species 3??? Species 5??? Species 7

17 Species traits Life history analyses (Van Noordwijk et al 2012, Verberk et al. 2013) Trait group A Trait group B Trait group C Bottlenecks for species occurrence Species group

18 Improving MSG Species traits come in Ecosystem attribute 1 Ecosystem attribute 2 Ecosystem attribute 3 Ecosystem attribute Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Trait group A Species 5 Trait group B Species 7 Spe Species group A Species group B

19 Multispecies approach In theory Ecosystem attribute 1 Ecosystem attribute 2 Ecosystem attribute 3 Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Species 4 Species 5 Species 6 Species 7 Indicator species proxy for habitat quality

20 Multispecies approach In theory Ecosystem attribute 1 Ecosystem attribute 2 Ecosystem attribute 3 Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Species 4 Species 5 Species 6 Species 7 Indicator species proxy for habitat quality

21 Multispecies approach Compile species group (Maes & Van Dyck 2005, Hilty & Merenlender 2000) 1. Select ecosystem attributes 2. List potential species 3. Select intermediate rare species 4. List info on biology, environment of species 5. Select a species group

22 Multispecies approach Problem Ecosystem attribute 1 Ecosystem attribute 2 Ecosystem attribute 3 Species 1 Species 2 Species 3??? Species 5??? Species 7

23 Species traits Life history analyses (Van Noordwijk et al 2012, Verberk et al. 2013) Trait group A Trait group B Trait group C Bottlenecks for species occurrence Species group

24 Combining methods Scientific research question: Can the indicator species approach be improved by integrating trait groups, for a successful assessment of the impact of restoration management on wet heathland invertebrates?

25 Improving MSG Species traits come in Ecosystem attribute 1 Ecosystem attribute 2 Ecosystem attribute 3 Ecosystem attribute Species 1 Species 2 Species 3 Trait group A Species 5 Trait group B Species 7 Spe Species group A Species group B

26 Multispecies approach Compile species group (Maes & Van Dyck 2005, Hilty & Merenlender 2000) 1. Select ecosystem attributes 2. List potential species 3. Select intermediate rare species 4. List info on biology, environment of species 5. Select a species group

27 My multispecies group Step 1 Ecosystem attributes: bare soil micro-topography young trees and bushes purple moor grass (Molinia caerula) vegetation diversity flower diversity

28 Results My multispecies group MSG Step 1 Ecosystem attributes: bare soil (Van Loon et al. 2004) micro-topography (Jensen et al. 2003) young trees and bushes (Bakker et al. 2012) purple moor grass (Molinia caerula), (Weeda et al. 2000) vegetation diversity (Van der Berg et al. 2003) flower diversity (Reemer et al. 2012)

29 My multispecies group MSG Species Trophic level Mobility Sensitive for Ecosystem attributes and stressors Formica picea Insectivore Small Purple moorgrass, Intensive management Myrmica gallieni Insectivore Intermediate Microtopography, Vegetation diversity wet zone Microtopography, Open patches, Intensive Myrmica ruginodis Insectivore Intermediate management Maculinea alcon Herbivore High Open patches, Vegetation diversity Ochlodes sylvanus Herbivore High Purple moorgrass, Older vegetation Plebeius argus Herbivore High Vegetation diversity Metrioptera brachyptera Omnivore Intermediate Vegetation diversity Gentiana pneumonanthe Plant (Autotrophic) Low Open patches Trichophorum cespitosum Plant (Autotrophic) Low Vegetation diversity wet zone Zootoca vivipara Insectivore Intermediate Older vegetation, Vegetation diversity

30 My multispecies group MSG Species Trophic level Mobility Sensitive for Ecosystem attributes and stressors Formica picea Insectivore Small Purple moorgrass, Intensive management Myrmica gallieni Insectivore Intermediate Microtopography, Vegetation diversity wet zone Microtopography, Open patches, Intensive Myrmica ruginodis Insectivore Intermediate management Maculinea alcon Herbivore High Open patches, Vegetation diversity Ochlodes sylvanus Herbivore High Purple moorgrass, Older vegetation Plebeius argus Herbivore High Vegetation diversity Metrioptera brachyptera Omnivore Intermediate Vegetation diversity Gentiana pneumonanthe Plant (Autotrophic) Low Open patches Trichophorum cespitosum Plant (Autotrophic) Low Vegetation diversity wet zone Zootoca vivipara Insectivore Intermediate Older vegetation, Vegetation diversity Added Trait groups Flower visitors Herbivore High Flower diversity F strategy ants Insectivore Intermediate Open patches, Microtopography, Vegetation diversity wet zone

31 MSG performance Species group Total spp. Wet Heathland Ants 17 2 Butterflies 31 5 Carabid beetles 78 9 Grasshoppers 17 3 Plants & Mosses Spiders Other 28 6 Totaal Correlation MSG Basic

32 MSG performance Species group Total spp. Wet Heathland Ants 17 2 Butterflies 31 5 Ground beetles 78 9 Grasshoppers 17 3 Plants & Mosses Other 28 6 Totaal Correlation MSG Basic R = P = 0.026

33 MSG Basic MSG performance MSG with Trait groups R = P = R = P = 0.005

34 Main Conclusion The addition of trait groups is an improvement for the indicator species approach

35 MSG Basic Plant MSG MSG with Trait groups MSG Correlation Significance df Basic MSG MSG with trait groups Plant MSG R = P =

36 Best MSG With the knowledge of today... Correction for location differences R = P < species species group RL Original MSG Formica picea ants Germany yes Bombus cf. terrestris bees no no Orgyia antiquoides moths yes no Zootoca vivipara reptiles yes yes Carterocephalus palaemon butterflies yes yes Gentiana pneumonanthe plants yes yes

37 Best MSG With the knowledge of today... Correction for location differences R=.633 P=.000 species species group RL Original MSG Formica picea ants Germany yes Bombus cf. terrestris bees no no Orgyia antiquoides moths yes no Zootoca vivipara reptiles yes yes Carterocephalus palaemon butterflies yes yes Gentiana pneumonanthe plants yes yes

38 MSG Basic MSG performance MSG with Trait groups ns. R=.406 P=.005 Weighted integration 01 method integration R=.361 P=.014

39 Discussion: Best MSG Selection process 1. Select ecosystem attributes 2. List potential species 3. Select intermediate rare species 4. List info on biology, environment of species 5. Select a species group

40 Best MSG Proposed changes in selection process 1. List moderately rare species from as many different species groups as possible 2. Skip the ones that are too hard to sample 3. Select a species group, preferably with Red Listed or endangered species if possible

41 Monitoring Species vs. Ecosystem EU Habitat directive Dutch SNL

42 Monitoring Species vs. Ecosystem: multispecies indicator approach EU Habitat directive: more small species Dutch SNL: more species groups

43 Main Conclusions The addition of trait groups is an improvement for the indicator species approach

44 Main Conclusions The addition of trait groups is an improvement for the indicator species approach Improved MSG better than Plant MSG Suggestion: simplify selection process MSG Use more species groups

45 The End Thank to: Remco Versluijs, Kim Huskens, Joost Vogels, Emiel Brouwer, Isabel Lammes

46 MSG Method of integration Correlatio n Significance df Basic MSG MSG with trait groups weigthed data MSG with both trait groups occurence data MSG with trait group F ants weigthed data MSG with trait group Flower visitors weigthed data MSG with trait groups F ants, Flower visitors and Cicindela beetles weigthed data MSG with trait group Cicindela weigthed data Plant MSG