The Economics of PSI: a Policy-Oriented Analysis. Raimondo Iemma Nexa Center for Internet & Society EVPSI
|
|
- Godwin Morton
- 3 years ago
- Views:
From this document you will learn the answers to the following questions:
What can be reused?
What is one way to make PSI available for reuse?
What is a good that can be used for reuse?
Transcription
1 The Economics of PSI: a Policy-Oriented Analysis Raimondo Iemma Nexa Center for Internet & Society EVPSI
2 Items discussed Economic nature of PSI Upstream features Downstream features Costs vs benefits
3 Items discussed Economic nature of PSI Upstream features Downstream features Costs vs benefits
4 Three assumptions
5 Three assumptions 1) PSI holds recurrent features of digital information goods + further characteristics;
6 Three assumptions 1) PSI holds recurrent features of digital information goods + further characteristics 2) Need to separate the inherent features of a good from the attributes of its supply (licensing, pricing, etc.);
7 Three assumptions 1) PSI holds recurrent features of digital information goods + further characteristics; 2) Need to separate the inherent features of a good from the attributes of its supply (licensing, pricing, etc.); 3) The decision agent is the Government (or the PSI holder itself).
8 PSI in the digital environment Non-rival in consumption (access + reuse) Hardly excludable (and with ex-ante and expost costs) In some cases, it may be an experience good
9 PSI in the digital environment Non-rival in consumption (access + reuse) Hardly excludable (and with ex-ante and expost costs) In some cases, it may be an experience good --> PSI as (potentially) an impure public good
10 PSI in the digital environment Non-rival in consumption (access + reuse) Hardly excludable (and with ex-ante and expost costs) In some cases, it may be an experience good --> PSI as (potentially) an impure public good --> What matters is whether and how PSI is available for reuse
11 Currently, PSI is made available as... A public good --> Open Data platforms
12 Currently, PSI is made available as... A public good --> Open Data platforms A club good --> Firm registries (only a few players corresponding a fee can actually reuse PSI de jure)
13 Currently, PSI is made available as... A public good --> Open Data platforms A club good --> Firm registries (only a few players corresponding a fee can actually reuse PSI de jure) 'Something in between' (see e.g. the case of DK addresses explained afterwards)
14 Items discussed Economic nature of PSI Upstream features Downstream features Costs vs benefits
15 Peculiar cost structure Not only marginal costs of reproduction tend to zero... but, more importantly, fixed costs (collection, management, etc.) have already been covered.
16 Peculiar cost structure Not only marginal costs of reproduction tend to zero... but, more importantly, fixed costs (collection, management, etc.) have already been covered. --> we do not have to find an efficient way to fund the creation of PSI (as ancillary / incidental good); --> PSI is (almost) available for reuse.
17 Usual (first) steps by a PSIH to make PSI available for reuse Activity Main cost item 1) Setting the stage Internal coordination Internal education Definition of guidelines 2) Opening a few datasets Small technical costs (usually datasets that do not require any manipulation) 3) Opening more 'critical' datasets Anonymization (where needed) Meaningful metadatation (where needed)
18 Back to the cost structure Fixed costs are to be taken for granted. To make PSI actually available for reuse: empirically, internal coordination costs represent the most relevant item (this is the 'fixed part' of the supply costs); strong economies of scale emerge; efficiency curve effects.
19 Items discussed Economic nature of PSI Upstream features Downstream features Costs vs benefits
20 Demand-side Strong network effects the value of a dataset increases the more it is linked or combined with other datasets (think of Linked Open Data) PSI as 'basic input' centralized knowledge to be combined with local knowledge e.g. 'Apps4Italy': around 50 of the ideas could not be implemented without PSI
21 PSI as Infrastructure? (cfr. Frischmann) Basic features: 1) significant role of Government (provider, subsidizer, coordinator or regulator); 2) traditionally managed as commons (not prioritized); 3) positive externalities.
22 PSI as Infrastructure? (cfr. Frischmann) AND: - non rival consumption of its resources; - producing input to downstream activity; - wide range of (private, public, social) goods downstream.
23 Items discussed Economic nature of PSI Upstream features Downstream features Costs vs benefits
24 Basic situation A change in the PSI-supply policy of a specific PSIH holder: from a closed and / or paying reuse; to an open / free reuse.
25 A possible (welfare) approach (cfr. Houghton) PSIH net position Annual foregone revenues (-) Annual savings (+) / e.g. transaction costs
26 A possible (welfare) approach (cfr. Houghton) PSIH net position Annual foregone revenues (-) Annual savings (+) / e.g. transaction costs (Re)users savings No more payment (+) Time saved (finding material) (+) Time saved (license enquiries) (+)
27 A possible (welfare) approach (cfr. Houghton) PSIH net position Annual foregone revenues (-) Annual savings (+) / e.g. transaction costs (Re)users savings No more payment (+) Time saved (finding material) (+) Time saved (license enquiries) (+) Welfare impact / externalities Based on ex-ante vs. ex-post reuse indicators
28 A possible (welfare) approach (cfr. Houghton) PSIH net position Annual foregone revenues (-) Annual savings (+) / e.g. transaction costs In some cases, a positive balance can be identified even at this stage (Re)users savings No more payment (+) Time saved (finding material) (+) Time saved (license enquiries) (+) Welfare impact / externalities Based on ex-ante vs. ex-post reuse indicators
29 After all benefits are distributed, while costs (and revenues for PSIH) are localized. Therefore, when drafting policies we should (also) ask ourselves: How do the benefits from PSI have to be allocated / internalized? At what stage of the PSI supply should competition (if any) be actually achieved? Ideally --> at the earliest possible stage.
30 Some examples OPENNESS DEGREE 'Typical' firm registry: (virtual) competition downstream 'distributors'
31 Some examples OPENNESS DEGREE 'Typical' firm registry: (virtual) competition downstream 'distributors' Public transport companies using PSI as 'bargaining chip' with selected complementary players (e.g. maps producers), releasing as open only a small subset of their data. No competition
32 Some examples OPENNESS DEGREE 'Typical' firm registry: (virtual) competition downstream 'distributors' Public transport companies using PSI as 'bargaining chip' with selected complementary players (e.g. maps producers), releasing as open only a small subset of their data. No competition DK address data: once not available as centralized DB, now available to distributors mainly for 'supply chain' reasons but at very small costs (so that double marginalization on users has lower effects); actual competition downstream those distributors
33 Some examples OPENNESS DEGREE 'Typical' firm registry: (virtual) competition downstream 'distributors' Public transport companies using PSI as 'bargaining chip' with selected complementary players (e.g. maps producers), releasing as open only a small subset of their data. No competition DK address data: once not available as centralized DB, now available to distributors mainly for 'supply chain' reasons but at very small costs (so that double marginalization on users has lower effects); actual competition downstream those distributors Spanish Cadastre: free and open data downloadable in bulk! Actual competition downstream PSIH
34 Thank you Raimondo Iemma Nexa Center for Internet & Society EVPSI
POPSIS Pricing of PSI Study. 15 th PSI Group Meeting
POPSIS Pricing of PSI Study 15 th PSI Group Meeting Patrick Wauters pwauters@deloitte.com Lionel Kapff lkapff@deloitte.com Marc De Vries info@devriesmarc.nl Luxembourg, 13 th September 2011 Agenda Study
More informationInformation Fair Trader Scheme: Performance Management Framework
The following performance management framework is used to highlight good practice and to ensure compliance with Government re-use policies Maximisation An obligation to allow re-use There is little or
More informationDeveloping!EO!Services! Markets The!Importance!of!Data!Policy. Geoff!Sawyer!,!EARSC!Secretary! General
Developing!EO!Services! Markets The!Importance!of!Data!Policy Geoff!Sawyer!,!EARSC!Secretary! General What is EARSC? EARSC is a trade association (NGO), founded in 1989, which represents companies: offering
More informationIndex. Registry Report
2013.1-12 Registry Report 01 02 03 06 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 34 35 Index Registry Report 02 Registry Report Registry Report 03 04 Registry Report Registry Report 05 06 Registry Report Registry
More informationEurope Epinephrine Autoinjector Industry 2015 Market Research Report
Report Europe Epinephrine Autoinjector Industry Market Research Report Report / Search Code: WGR209217 Publish Date: 6 November, Report Price: 1-user PDF : $ 3600.0 Enterprise PDF : $ 7200.0 Report Link:
More informationegovernment initiatives Ulla Kronborg Mazzoli Danish Geodata Agency
egovernment initiatives Ulla Kronborg Mazzoli Danish Geodata Agency Outline egovernment Strategy Basic Data Programme Business Cases The Danish Geodata Agency s road to Open Data Consequences And now what?
More informationGlobal Driving Recorder Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Driving Recorder Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Driving Recorder Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world
More informationRE-USE OF PUBLIC SECTOR INFORMATION Catalogue and highlights of studies, cases and key figures on economic effects of changing policies
RE-USE OF PUBLIC SECTOR INFORMATION Catalogue and highlights of studies, cases and key figures on economic effects of changing policies By Marc de Vries Under an assignment from the Danish Ministry for
More informationGlobal Pyrosine B Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Pyrosine B Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Pyrosine B Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s major regional
More informationKEELE UNIVERSITY MID-TERM TEST, 2007 BA BUSINESS ECONOMICS BA FINANCE AND ECONOMICS BA MANAGEMENT SCIENCE ECO 20015 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS II
KEELE UNIVERSITY MID-TERM TEST, 2007 Thursday 22nd NOVEMBER, 12.05-12.55 BA BUSINESS ECONOMICS BA FINANCE AND ECONOMICS BA MANAGEMENT SCIENCE ECO 20015 MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS II Candidates should attempt
More informationGlobal UPS Battery Industry 2015 Market Research Report
Global UPS Battery Industry 2015 Market Research Report 2015 Global UPS Battery Industry 2015 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s major
More informationGlobal Modular UPS Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Modular UPS Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Modular UPS Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s major
More informationEXAM TWO REVIEW: A. Explicit Cost vs. Implicit Cost and Accounting Costs vs. Economic Costs:
EXAM TWO REVIEW: A. Explicit Cost vs. Implicit Cost and Accounting Costs vs. Economic Costs: Economic Cost: the monetary value of all inputs used in a particular activity or enterprise over a given period.
More informationGlobal Rum Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Rum Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Rum Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report
More informationGlobal Polyurethane Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Polyurethane Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Polyurethane Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s major
More informationGlobal GNSS Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global GNSS Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global GNSS Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s major regional market
More informationGlobal Transglutaminase Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Transglutaminase Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Transglutaminase Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s major regional market conditions
More informationCompetitive Advantage
Competitive Advantage When a firm sustains profits that exceed the average for its industry, the firm is said to possess a competitive advantage over its rivals. The goal of much of business strategy is
More informationGlobal Super Glue Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Super Glue Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Super Glue Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s major regional
More informationGlobal L-Valine Industry 2015 Market Research Report
Global L-Valine Industry 2015 Market Research Report 2015 Global L-Valine Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s major regional market conditions of the L-Valine
More informationGlobal Visualization Ios Application for Healthcare Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Visualization Ios Application for Healthcare Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Visualization Ios Application for Healthcare Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry Report is
More informationGlobal Portable Electric Spark Machine Industry 2015 Market Research Report
Global Portable Electric Spark Machine Industry 2015 Market Research Report 2015 Global Portable Electric Spark Machine Industry 2015 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth
More informationGlobal Tampons Toys Industry 2015 Market Research Report
Global Tampons Toys Industry 2015 Market Research Report 2015 Global Tampons Toys Industry 2015 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s major
More informationGLOBAL AND CHINESE WIRELESS MOUSE INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET RESEARCH REPORT
GLOBAL AND CHINESE WIRELESS MOUSE INDUSTRY, 2016 View Complete Report @ http://www.market-research-reports.com/455186-wirelessmouse-industry Published By -> Prof Research Published-> Jun 2016 No. of Pages->
More informationGlobal Silicone Fluid in Agriculture Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Silicone Fluid in Agriculture Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Silicone Fluid in Agriculture Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research
More informationGLOBAL AND CHINESE AUTOMOTIVE WHEEL INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET RESEARCH REPORT
GLOBAL AND CHINESE AUTOMOTIVE WHEEL INDUSTRY, 2016 View Complete Report @ http://www.market-research-reports.com/455193-automotivewheel-industry Published By -> Prof Research Published-> Jun 2016 No. of
More informationOrganization & Strategy Tools & Concepts II
Tools & Concepts II February 2003 Contents 1 Introduction to the Strategic Process 2 Creating Competitive Advantage 3 Competitive Positioning 4 Sustaining Competitive Advantage 5 Introduction to financial
More informationIntegrated chain management for food safety in the dairy industry: The role of the CGCSA:FSI GMCBP
Integrated chain management for food safety in the dairy industry: The role of the CGCSA:FSI GMCBP J Burger 23 July 2014 DSA Overview The Dairy Standard Agency (DSA) is a non profit company established
More informationGLOBAL AND CHINESE CMOS CAMERA INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET RESEARCH REPORT
GLOBAL AND CHINESE CMOS CAMERA INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET View Complete Report @ http://www.market-research-reports.com/458598-cmos-cameraindustry Published By -> Prof Research Published-> Jun 2016 No. of Pages->
More informationUnited States Laminate Floor Maintenance & Tools Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Published on Market Research Reports Inc. (https://www.marketresearchreports.com) Home > United States Laminate Floor Maintenance & Tools Industry Market Research Report United States Laminate Floor Maintenance
More informationGlobal Temperature Test Chambers Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Temperature Test Chambers Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Temperature Test Chambers Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s major regional
More informationGlobal Sugar Substitutes Industry 2015 Market Research Report
Global Sugar Substitutes Industry 2015 Market Research Report 2015 Global Sugar Substitutes Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s major regional market conditions
More informationThe value of Danish address data:
7 July 2010 /mli-ebst The value of Danish address data: Social benefits from the 2002 agreement on procuring address data etc. free of charge Summary Addresses play a fundamental role in society. Addresses
More informationGlobal Offshore Wind Turbine Installation Vessel Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Offshore Wind Turbine Installation Vessel Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Offshore Wind Turbine Installation Vessel Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional
More informationGLOBAL AND CHINESE GLASS JARS INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET RESEARCH REPORT
GLOBAL AND CHINESE GLASS JARS INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET View Complete Report @ http://www.market-research-reports.com/458790-glass-jarsindustry Published By -> Prof Research Published-> Jun 2016 No. of Pages->
More informationPL-2303 (Chip Rev H, HX, X) USB to Serial Adapter Windows Driver Installer Manual
PL-2303 (Chip Rev H, HX, X) USB to Serial Adapter Windows Driver Installer Manual For Windows 98/ME/2000/XP/Vista/7 Release Version 1.3 (2/4/2010) Contents Introduction Features & Specifications System
More informationThe Economics of E-commerce and Technology. Industry Analysis
The Economics of E-commerce and Technology Industry Analysis 1 10/1/2013 Industry Profits In Econ 11, Economic Profits = 0 In reality, many industries have much higher profits: 2 10/1/2013 Industry Analysis
More informationMarket Research Report. White Wine Industry Report - Global and Chinese Market Scenario
Market Research Report White Wine Industry Report - Global and Chinese Market Scenario 2014 White wine Industry Report - Global and Chinese Market Scenario is a professional and in-depth market survey
More informationMarket Definition and Analysis for SMP: A practical guide
Market Definition and Analysis for SMP: A practical guide David Rogerson Jim Holmes Incyte Consulting Ltd Incyte Consulting Pty Ltd United Kingdom Australia t/f +44 1324 870429 t/f +61 3 9752 7828 www.incyteconsulting.com
More informationGlobal Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research
More informationGlobal Racing Tire Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Racing Tire Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2015 Global Racing Tire Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s major regional market conditions of the Racing
More informationGlobal Medical Aesthetics Market 2015 Industry Trends and Forecast to 2020
Global Medical Aesthetics Market Industry Trends and Forecast to 2020 http://www./market-analysis/global-medical-aestheticsmarket--industry-trends-and.html Summary The Global Medical Aesthetics Industry
More informatione-cert Enablement Notes Target User: For non esigntrust Certificate Holder Use
e-cert Enablement Notes Target User: For non esigntrust Certificate Holder Use Verifying a Digitally Signed Email for the First Time Before receiving digitally signed emails, it is required to install
More informationGLOBAL AND CHINESE POLYMER CLADDED FIBERS (PCF) INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET RESEARCH REPORT
GLOBAL AND CHINESE POLYMER CLADDED FIBERS (PCF) INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET RESEARCH REPORT View Complete Report @ http://www.market-research-reports.com/431001-polymercladded-fibers-pcf-industry Published By
More informationGlobal Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world s
More informationWhy Use Net Present Value? The Payback Period Method The Discounted Payback Period Method The Average Accounting Return Method The Internal Rate of
1 Why Use Net Present Value? The Payback Period Method The Discounted Payback Period Method The Average Accounting Return Method The Internal Rate of Return Problems with the IRR Approach The Profitability
More informationGame Theory as a tool for the management of Environmental Problems and Agreements
Game Theory as a tool for the management of Environmental Problems and Agreements Lorenzo Cioni Dipartimento di Informatica Largo Pontecorvo 3 Pisa lcioni@di.unipi.it Main topics of the talk Game Theory
More informationCompetitive Assessment of the Spanish Food Supply Chain
Competitive Assessment of the Spanish Food Supply Chain José Antonio García Juan Delgado The Brattle Group, Ltd. Sucursal en España Torre Europa Paseo de la Castellana 95, Planta 15 28046 Madrid, Spain
More informationGlobal and Chinese OTP Authentication Token Market 2016: Industry Trends, Production, Sales, Demand, Supply, Analysis & Forecast to 2021
Global and Chinese OTP Authentication Token Market 2016: Industry Trends, Production, Sales, Demand, Supply, Analysis & Forecast to 2021 http://www./market-analysis/global-and-chinese-otpauthentication-token-market-2016.html
More informationStrategy Dynamics Essentials Kim Warren
Strategy Dynamics Essentials Kim Warren Strategy Dynamics Ltd. All rights reserved. www.strategydynamics.com Chapter 1: Building performance over time Strategy Dynamics Ltd. All rights reserved. www.strategydynamics.com
More informationChapter 7 Externalities
Chapter 7 Externalities Reading Essential reading Hindriks, J and G.D. Myles Intermediate Public Economics. (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006) Chapter 7. Further reading Bator, F.M. (1958) The anatomy of market
More informationChapter 11 Pricing Strategies for Firms with Market Power
Managerial Economics & Business Strategy Chapter 11 Pricing Strategies for Firms with Market Power McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Overview I. Basic
More informationGlobal Tantalum-Polymer Capacitors Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Tantalum-Polymer Capacitors Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Tantalum-Polymer Capacitors Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research
More informationGlobal N-menthyl formamide Market Research Report 2016
Global N-menthyl formamide Market Research Report 2016 Global N-menthyl menthyl formamide Market Research Report 2016 Global N-menthyl menthyl formamide Market Research Report 2016 was a professional and
More informationOverview: Transfer Pricing
Overview: Transfer Pricing Framework and Economic Principles Cases Considered No outside market for upstream good Competitive outside market for upstream good Market power in outside market for upstream
More informationSome micro- and macro-economics of offshore wind*
Some micro- and macro-economics of offshore wind* EPSRC SUPERGEN Wind Energy Hub University of Strathclyde May 2016 Fraser of Allander Institute Energy Modelling Team Fraser of Allander Institute Department
More informationGlobal Biaxially oriented polyamide (nylon) film Cleaning Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Biaxially oriented polyamide (nylon) film Cleaning Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Biaxially oriented polyamide (nylon) film Cleaning Industry 2016 Market Research Report Industry
More informationGLOBAL AND CHINESE ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATORS INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET RESEARCH REPORT
GLOBAL AND CHINESE ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATORS INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET RESEARCH REPORT View Complete Report @ http://www.market-research-reports.com/458492-arbitrarywaveform-generators-industry Published
More informationSNV s value chain development approach
SNV s value chain development approach Introduction In order to identify the best entry points for capacity development, SNV has under the BOAM 1 program adopted the value chain approach. A value chain
More informationFinancial Institutions I: The Economics of Banking
Financial Institutions I: The Economics of Banking Prof. Dr. Isabel Schnabel Gutenberg School of Management and Economics Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Summer term 2011 V4 1/30 I. Introduction II.
More informationSome information on using a right approach in applied trade analysis. Based on ARTNeT capacity building workshop materials artnet.unescap.
Some information on using a right approach in applied trade analysis Based on ARTNeT capacity building workshop materials artnet.unescap.org 1. Why do we need a model for trade policy? to provide a theoretically
More informationGains From Trade Consumer Surplus Quantifying Welfare Effects Producer Surplus Welfare in Equilibrium. Consumer Surplus and Welfare Measurement
Consumer Surplus and Welfare Measurement Questions Q: How can we... Find a monetary measure of a consumer s utility/happiness? Evaluate a consumer s willingness to pay for a unit of a good? Evaluate whether
More informationGLOBAL AND CHINESE 3D PRINTING INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET RESEARCH REPORT
GLOBAL AND CHINESE 3D PRINTING INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET RESEARCH REPORT The 2016 3D Printing Global and Chinese Market Research Report is a professional and in-depth study on the present market scenario of
More informationProblem Set 1 Solutions
Health Economics Economics 156 Prof. Jay Bhattacharya Problem Set 1 Solutions A. Risk Aversion Consider a risk averse consumer with probability p of becoming sick. Let I s be the consumer s income if he
More informationMacroeconomics Lecture 1: The Solow Growth Model
Macroeconomics Lecture 1: The Solow Growth Model Richard G. Pierse 1 Introduction One of the most important long-run issues in macroeconomics is understanding growth. Why do economies grow and what determines
More informationACE: Leader in the European Automotive Components Market
ACE: Leader in the European Automotive Components Market ACE 2012-2015 Strategy 21/12/2011 Following on from our Current Report in December 2010, ACE s management herein presents its 2011 update on the
More informationSwden-Legal Framework
Legal framework In 2006, the Swedish Parliament approved legislation that officially appointed Lantmäteriet as the coordinator for the Swedish NSDI and setup the Geodata Advisory Board. The Swedish Geodata
More informationModels of Public Sector Information Provision via. Trading Funds
Models of Public Sector Information Provision via Trading Funds Professor David Newbery Faculty of Economics Cambridge University Professor Lionel Bently CIPIL, Faculty of Law Cambridge University Rufus
More informationGLOBAL AND CHINESE HOME INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET RESEARCH REPORT
GLOBAL AND CHINESE HOME INDUSTRY, 2016 MARKET View Complete Report @ http://www.market-research-reports.com/458464-homeindustry Published By -> Prof Research Published-> Jun 2016 No. of Pages-> 150 Introduction:
More informationAuthorisation and Restriction Newsletter
Authorisation and Restriction Newsletter August 2010, N 1 The information contained in this document is intended for guidance only and whilst the information is provided in utmost good faith and has been
More informationGosreports is A Global Research Hub and the Largest Search Engine of All Market Research Reports
GOSREPORTS.COM Global Metallurgical Analyzers Market Research Report 2016 Gosreports is A Global Research Hub and the Largest Search Engine of All Market Research Reports "Market Research " "Gosreports"
More informationA Dynamic Analysis of Price Determination Under Joint Profit Maximization in Bilateral Monopoly
A Dynamic Analysis of Price Determination Under Joint Profit Maximization in Bilateral Monopoly by Stephen Devadoss Department of Agricultural Economics University of Idaho Moscow, Idaho 83844-2334 Phone:
More informationPublic Goods & Externalities
Market Failure Public Goods & Externalities Spring 09 UC Berkeley Traeger 2 Efficiency 26 Climate change as a market failure Environmental economics is for a large part about market failures: goods (or
More informationα α λ α = = λ λ α ψ = = α α α λ λ ψ α = + β = > θ θ β > β β θ θ θ β θ β γ θ β = γ θ > β > γ θ β γ = θ β = θ β = θ β = β θ = β β θ = = = β β θ = + α α α α α = = λ λ λ λ λ λ λ = λ λ α α α α λ ψ + α =
More informationGosreports is A Global Research Hub and the Largest Search Engine of All Market Research Reports
GOSREPORTS.COM Global Circular Chart Recorders Market Research Report 2016 Gosreports is A Global Research Hub and the Largest Search Engine of All Market Research Reports "Market Research " "Gosreports"
More informationChina Session Border Controller (SBC) Industry 2015 Market Research Report
China Session Border Controller (SBC) Industry 2015 Market Research Report Phone: +44 20 8123 2220 Fax: +44 207 900 3970 office@marketpublishers.com China Session Border Controller (SBC) Industry 2015
More informationGosreports is A Global Research Hub and the Largest Search Engine of All Market Research Reports
GOSREPORTS.COM Global FT-NIR Analyzers Market Research Report 2016 Gosreports is A Global Research Hub and the Largest Search Engine of All Market Research Reports "Market Research " "Gosreports" 2016
More informationGreen Power Accounting Workshop: Concept Note For discussion during Green Power Accounting Workshop in Mexico City, May 13th 2011
Introduction As more companies and government organizations prepare greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories that reflect the emissions directly and indirectly associated with their operations, they increasingly
More informationThe Welfare Effects of Vertical Integration in Multichannel Television Markets
The Welfare Effects of Vertical Integration in Multichannel Television Markets Greg Crawford (Zurich), Robin Lee (Harvard), Michael Whinston (MIT), and Ali Yurukoglu (Stanford GSB) FTC Microeconomics Conference,
More informationGlobal and Chinese Bridge Crane Industry, 2009-2019 Market Research Report
Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2971972/ Global and Chinese Bridge Crane Industry, 2009-2019 Market Research Report Description: The 'Global and Chinese Bridge
More informationPeopleSoft White Paper Series. Evolving from Distribution Requirements Planning to Collaborative Supply Chain Planning
PeopleSoft White Paper Series Evolving from Distribution Requirements Planning to Collaborative Supply Chain Planning January 2004 Introduction Distribution and logistics managers are faced with managing
More informationIntroduction to Macroeconomics TOPIC 2: The Goods Market
TOPIC 2: The Goods Market Annaïg Morin CBS - Department of Economics August 2013 Goods market Road map: 1. Demand for goods 1.1. Components 1.1.1. Consumption 1.1.2. Investment 1.1.3. Government spending
More informationGosreports is A Global Research Hub and the Largest Search Engine of All Market Research Reports
GOSREPORTS.COM Global Continuous Gas Analyzers Market Research Report 2016 Gosreports is A Global Research Hub and the Largest Search Engine of All Market Research Reports "Market Research " "Gosreports"
More informationGlobal Moisturizing Cream Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Moisturizing Cream Industry 2016 Market Research Report Global Moisturizing Cream Industry 2016 Market Research Report was a professional and depth research report on Global Moisturizing Cream industry
More information15.963 Management Accounting and Control Spring 2007
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 15.963 Management Accounting and Control Spring 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. 15.963 Managerial
More informationPART A: For each worker, determine that worker's marginal product of labor.
ECON 3310 Homework #4 - Solutions 1: Suppose the following indicates how many units of output y you can produce per hour with different levels of labor input (given your current factory capacity): PART
More informationThe LED industry Building scalable operations for rapid, profitable growth
www.pwc.com/cleantech The LED industry Building scalable operations for rapid, profitable growth October 2012 The potential for LED technology - Lighting the way Today s global lighting industry is responsible
More informationPublished on 08 Feb 2013. Published by Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore. Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore
IRAS e-tax Guide Rights-Based Approach for Characterising Software Payments and Payments for the Use of or the Right to Use Information and Digitised Goods Published by Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore
More informationGlobal Loose Powder Industry 2016 Market Research Report
Global Loose Powder Industry 2016 Market Research Report Global Loose Powder Industry 2016 Market Research Report was a professional and depth research report on Global Loose Powder industry that you would
More informationDIGITAL MEDIA MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK SUMMARY Last updated April 2015
DIGITAL MEDIA MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK SUMMARY Last updated April 2015 DIGITAL MEDIA MEASUREMENT FRAMEWORK SUMMARY Digital media continues to grow exponentially in Canada. Multichannel video content delivery
More informationProduction Functions
Short Run Production Function. Principles of Microeconomics, Fall Chia-Hui Chen October, ecture Production Functions Outline. Chap : Short Run Production Function. Chap : ong Run Production Function. Chap
More informationGlobal Cloud Computing Stack Layers Market Size, Growth and Research Report Up To 2015 by Radiant Insights, Inc
Global Cloud Computing Stack Layers Market Size, Growth and Research Report Up To 2015 by Radiant Insights, Inc Global Cloud Computing Stack Layers Market Report 2015 was a professional and depth research
More informationIndustry s view: How to match the services paradigm. by Markus Probeck, EARSC Director
Industry s view: How to match the services paradigm by Markus Probeck, EARSC Director What is EARSC? EARSC is a trade association (NPO), founded in 1989, which represents European companies: offering and
More informationDRAFT THE PROGRESS ON AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA
DRAFT THE PROGRESS ON AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE IN SOUTH AFRICA Agricultural insurance in South Africa stems from the 1970 s when a South African government subsidized
More informationChina SMALL UAV Industry 2015 Market Research Report
China SMALL UAV Industry 2015 Market Research Report Phone: +44 20 8123 2220 Fax: +44 207 900 3970 office@marketpublishers.com China SMALL UAV Industry 2015 Market Research Report Date: November 23, 2015
More informationhttp://www.gosreports.com
http://www.gosreports.com Global Fiberglass Storage Box Industry 2016 Market Research Report 2016 Global Fiberglass Storage Box Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world
More informationGosreports is A Global Research Hub and the Largest Search Engine of All Market Research Reports
GOSREPORTS.COM Global Gate turn-off Thyristor Switches (GTOs) Market Research Report 2016 Gosreports is A Global Research Hub and the Largest Search Engine of All Market Research Reports "Market Research
More informationvulcanhammer.net This document downloaded from
This document downloaded from vulcanhammer.net since 1997, your source for engineering information for the deep foundation and marine construction industries, and the historical site for Vulcan Iron Works
More information