Electronics, Data Acquisition and Trigger - Introduction -

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1 Physik-Institut Exerimental Methods in Particle Physics (HS 2015) Electronics, Data Acquisition and Trigger - Introduction - Lea Caminada lea.caminada@hysik.uzh.ch

2 Lecture Program This week: Electronics and Data Acquisition Signal formation Analog data rocessing Electronic Noise Digitization Next week: Trigger and System Level Asects Hardware and software trigger methods for data selection and rate reduction Examles of readout system comonents and setus Thursday (December 10, 13:30): Excursion à Visit of CMS Pixel Lab at UZH 2

and software trigger methods for data selection and rate reduction Examles of readout

3 Reading W.R. Leo, Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Exeriments, Sringer Verlag H. Sieler, Semiconductor Detector Systems, Oxford Science Publications L. Rossi, P. Fischer, T. Rohe, N. Wermes, Pixel Detectors, Sringer Verlag U. Straumann, Vorlesungsskrit, htt:// Lectures ETH HS: Elektronik für Physiker I (Analog), R. Horisberger FS: Electronics for Physicists II (Digital), T. Delbrück UZH FS: PHY250 Elektronik, A. Vollhardt FS: PHY251 Elektronik Kurs, P. Robmann 3

Wermes, Pixel Detectors, Sringer Verlag U. Straumann, Vorlesungsskrit, htt://www.hysik.uzh.ch/~strauman/daqtrigger.

4 Data Acquisition (DAQ) Wikiedia: Data acquisition is the rocess of samling signals that measure real world hysical conditions and converting the resulting samles into digital numeric values that can be maniulated by a comuter. Therefore need to: 1) Detect sensor signal (current, voltage) 2) Amlify signal and suress noise 3) Transfer signal along cables 4) Transform analog to digital signal 4

5 DAQ at CMS as an examle

6 DAQ at CMS as an examle 100m 6

7 DAQ at CMS as an examle Counting Room CMS Detector Cavern 15m 7

8 DAQ at CMS as an examle Counting Room 1) Particles roduced in collisions leave signals in sensors CMS Detector Cavern 15m 8

9 DAQ at CMS as an examle CMS Detector Cavern Counting Room 1) Particles roduced in collisions leave signals in sensors 2) Analog rocessing of detector signal in electronics on detector Signal amlification, noise suression, threshold alication, 15m 9

Analog rocessing of detector signal in electronics on

10 DAQ at CMS as an examle CMS Detector Cavern 15m Counting Room 1) Particles roduced in collisions leave signals in sensors 2) Analog rocessing of detector signal in electronics on detector Signal amlification, noise suression, threshold alication, 3) Data transmission to electronics in counting room 10

detector signal in electronics on detector Signal amlification, noise

11 DAQ at CMS as an examle CMS Detector Cavern 15m Counting Room 1) Particles roduced in collisions leave signals in sensors 2) Analog rocessing of detector signal in electronics on detector Signal amlification, noise suression, threshold alication, 3) Data transmission to electronics in counting room 4) Digitization 11

signal in electronics on detector Signal amlification, noise suression,

12 DAQ at CMS as an examle CMS Detector Cavern 15m Counting Room To surface 1) Particles roduced in collisions leave signals in sensors 2) Analog rocessing of detector signal in electronics on detector Signal amlification, noise suression, threshold alication, 3) Data transmission to electronics in counting room 4) Digitization 5) Digital data transfer to servers on surface Data storage, event reconstruction and data analysis 12

amlification, noise suression, threshold alication, 3) Data transmission to electronics in counting room 4)

13 DAQ at CMS as an examle CMS Detector Cavern 15m Counting Room To surface 1) Particles roduced in collisions leave signals in sensors 2) Analog rocessing of detector signal in electronics on detector Signal amlification, noise suression, threshold alication, 3) Data transmission to electronics in counting room 4) Digitization 5) Digital data transfer to servers on surface Data storage, event reconstruction and data analysis 13

14 Signal formation in the sensor Charged articles assing through silicon sensor generates e/h airs through ionization ~100V Si 300um 14

15 ~100V Signal formation in the sensor Charged articles assing through silicon sensor generates e/h airs through ionization Si 300um Charge deosited in sensor: Q = E/E i e E: article energy E i : ionization energy e = C Examle: MIP in 300um Si E = 100 kev (Bethe Bloch) E i (Si) = 3.6 ev à Q = 4fC. Tiny current! 15

Q = E/E i e E: article energy E i : ionization energy e = 1.602.

16 ~100V Signal formation in the sensor Charged articles assing through silicon sensor generates e/h airs through ionization Si 300um Charge deosited in sensor: Q = E/E i e E: article energy E i : ionization energy e = C Examle: MIP in 300um Si E = 100 kev (Bethe Bloch) E i (Si) = 3.6 ev à Q = 4fC. Tiny current! Measuring the charge (integrating the current) allows to measure the energy of the article! 16

energy e = 1.602. 10-19 C Examle: MIP in 300um Si E = 100 kev (Bethe Bloch) E i (Si) = 3.6 ev à Q = 4fC.

17 Signal ulse duration Mobility of charge carriers defines ulse duration v = µ E(x) v: velocity µ: mobility ~100V E(x): electric field Si 300um Examle: 100V across 300um Si µ(e, Si) = 1350 cm 2 V -1 s -1 µ(h, Si) = 450 cm 2 V -1 s -1 à Collect electrons for high rate alications à v e ~ cm/s à t ~ 7 ns 17

across 300um Si µ(e, Si) = 1350 cm 2 V -1 s -1 µ(h, Si) = 450 cm 2 V -1 s -1

18 Readout of sensor signal and analog data rocessing Tailor the resonse of the system to otimize (according to the exerimental goal): The minimum detectable signal The energy measurement The event rate The time of arrival The insensitivity to the sensor ulse shae or some combination of the above But, generally, these cannot be otimized simultaneously à make comromises 18

measurement The event rate The time of arrival The insensitivity to the sensor ulse shae or

19 Silicon ixel readout electronics Examle of hybrid ixel detector: Pixelated sensor is connected to ixelated readout electronics 1 cm 500 um 19

20 Silicon ixel readout electronics Examle of hybrid ixel detector: Pixelated sensor is connected to ixelated readout electronics Sensor ixel cell 1 cm 500 um Bum bond 300 um 20 um 180 um Electronics chi Single ixel cell 20

readout electronics Sensor ixel cell 1 cm 500 um Bum

21 Analog electronics in single ixel cell CMS ixel readout chi Bum- bond to sensor ΔQ Preamlifier C f Pulse Shaer G(ω) Discriminator Send to erihery: - Further rocessing - Digitization - Readout - Data storage V thr 21

22 Couling of sensors DC couled stri detector: AC couled stri detector:"

CMS Tracker module / hybrid tests and DAQ development for the HL-LHC

CMS Tracker module / hybrid tests and DAQ development for the HL-LHC S. Mersi, G. Auzinger georg.auzinger@cern.ch 1 Outline Reminder: the Ph2 CMS Tracker upgrade pt Modules: principle, elements, electronics