The Norwegian EV-boom - Facts, causes and lessons to learn

Transcription

1 The Norwegian EV-boom - Facts, causes and lessons to learn Wien, May 7th 2015 Per Hjalmar Svae, Environmental coordinator Hordaland County Council Norway

2 Norwegian regulations The lucky background 1960 Car rationing system after The Second World War was ended % car registration tax imposed to protect the trade balance, a tax which today functions as a heavy environmental tax The Norwegian EV Think launched 1998 Production of EV Buddy (Kewet) moved from Denmark to Norway After intensive lobbying and EV stunts from environmental organisations and The Norwegian EV Union: Significant «EV benefits» was gradually adopted by The Norwegian Parliament.

3 Driving force 1: Regulations Taxes in Norway at registration of cars Fossile fuel vehicles 25 % v.a.t % registration tax depending on weight, emissons and power Electric vehicles 0 % v.a.t. and 0 % registration tax Competible prices on EVs vs. fossile fuel vehicles from 2011 Norway 2015 VW E-Golf: VW Golf TDI: Austria 2015 VW E-Golf: VW Golf TDI: BEVs BEVs

4 Fuel costs for 10 km Norway Fossile fuel car: Approx. 1,00 Battery electric car: Approx 0,25 (Saving per year) Austria Fossile fuel car: Approx. 0,80 Battery electric car: Approx 0,40 Yearly service costs Norway Fossile fuel car: Approx. 700 Battery electric car: Approx 350 Yearly road tax in Norway Fossile fuel cars 360 Battery electric car 50

5 Additional Norwegian regulations for EVs Parking Free of charge on municipal parking places and streets ( ) EV-parking and charging places, usually with free charging ( ) Driving Allowed to drive in bus lanes (Save 0 1 hour each day) Free of charge at city, road, tunnel and bridge toll stations ( ) Free of charge at fjord ferries ( )

6 Driving force 2: EVs Prognosis end BEVs Price seats Range 70 km Low safety Ni-Cad seats Range 110 km Normal safety Li-ion seats Range 130 km Top safety Li-ion Evs - Range from 110 to 450 km Mitsubishi i-miev Peugeot Ion Citroën Zero Nissan Leaf Tesla S, VW e-up!, VW e-golf Year

7 BEVs in Hordaland County Population: Norway: 5 mill. Hordaland: 0,5 mill. Year BEVs Growth 74 % 118 % 160 % 138 % % of car stock 0,1 % 0,2 % 0,5 % 1,2 % 2,8 % From «Developing county» in 2010 to be the «Norwegian champion» 2014: - 23 % of new registred cars where BEVs - Passed Oslo in EV-density per capita - 2,8 % of cars are BEVs

8 Climate action plan of Hordaland Adopted by the County Council in 2010 One of the guiding targets: 20 % renewable energy driven cars within 2020 Yearly action program How to promote BEVs? The Hen Philosophy: Charging stations are the hens that will lay eggs EVs

9 Driving force 3: Infrastructure Transnova established in 2010 State institution to promote and finance transition to renewable energy in transport in Norway Irrresistable offer from Transnova: Plan, apply for and build a slow charging station with two sockets for up to this autumn, and we will full-finance it. Privat - Public cooperation for slow charging Hordaland County Council, Grid owner BKK, The City of Bergen, surrounding municipalilties and shopping centers: 50 charging stations with 150 sockets for , «at 0 cost»

10 Charging speed 2011 Fast charging Irresistable offer from Transnova: Plan, apply for and build a fast charging station within one year and we finance 45 % or up to per socket. Total costs (EUR) Slow, AC, 16A, 6 10 hours Semifast AC, 22 kw, 1 3 hours Semifast, DC, 22 kw, 1 3 hours Fast, DC, 50 kw, min Started looking for suitable locations for fast charging Short distance to 400 V trafo with min. 50 kw free capasity. Service offer (shop, petrol station, cafe) Parking could be reserved for min. two EVs Good traffical access. Regulated for traffical purpose and landowner saying yes

11 Fast charging Corridor strategy: In 2013 BEVs shall be able to drive in all Hordaland and from Bergen to to Oslo, Stavanger and Trondheim almost as a fossil fuel car Only with 15 min charging stop every hour. More formalised Privat Public cooperation Hordaland County Council - Planning of locations and applications to Transnova - Cooperaton with municipalities and landowners - Cooperation with other Counties - Procurement for energy consultant to do the practical work Grid owner BKK (and other municipal grid owners) - Grid information for the planning - Build, own and operate the fast chargers. - Procurements for fast chargers, construction work and payment app % share of net investments

12 Fast charging network in 2012 Oppedal ferjekai Knarvik Dale Voss Geilo Gol Fyllings-dalen Åsane Fjøsanger Flå Halhjem ferjekai 98 % of electricity in Norway is renewable (hydropower) Leirvik Aksdal E 39 Bergen Stavanger converted to «El 39» stavanger-med-elbil

13 Fast charging network in 2013 Førde Knarvik Øygarden Straume Sund Leirvik Oppedal Sogndal Romarheim Voss Aurland Geilo Eidfjord Norheimsund Odda Rosendal Etne Haukeli Gol Flå Total costs in Hordaland in euro = 1,2 mill. - Transnova 0,5 mill - HCC 0,3 mill - Power comp. 0,3 mill - Municipalities 0,1 mill Aksdal

14 Charging infrastructure

15 New strategy from 2014 Making driving convenient for all BEVs From making it possible to making it convenient to drive BEVs everywhere in Hordaland and to the rest of South-Norway. Ugrading, enhancing network and eliminating charging ques. Private Public cooperation: - Upgrading all stations to CCS, Chademo and 22 kw AC - 5 new fast charging locations completed the basic network - Green Energy Spot Bergen with 6 Chademo, 4 CCS and 4 AC 22 kw - Grants to slow charging stations type 2 in 12 new muncipal centers - Grants to low charging stations type 2 at 35 appartment houses Total cost EUR 1,8 mill.

16 Hordaland County Council procurement for 40 BEVs, net Completing slow charging infrastructre at 47 highschools for own EVs - From 16 to 30 charging sockets at County administration (525 employees) Feb 2013: 120 per month for parking, but BEVs free P and charging A new private BEV showed up aprox. every second week! - Can the market take over from now on? Partially yes! MacDonalds, Statoil, Kiwi Grocery Stores/Nissan/VW/Fortum. - Waiting for revised national strategy and financial scheme for fast charging from ENOVA. - Announced in grants to fast chargers in community centers - Plan for a hydrogen fuel station in Bergen at cost 2 mill., but waiting for national hydrogen strategy to be completed. (With 7 new hydrogen fuel stations at cost 14 mill FCEVs can drive in whole South-Norway.)

17 Quick overview of lessons to learn? EVs are a climate gas mitigation measure Without BEVs With BEVs

18 4 DRIVING FACTORS for e-mobility 1. Regulations 2. Electric vehicles E-mobility Price and usefulness of EVs 3. Infrastructure 4. Public attitudes

19 A summary of lessons to learn Cars: Consumers want EVs that are proper cars. Now: 25 BEVs and PHEVs on the market from ordinary car manufacturers. Regulations are still neccesary to promote e-mobility Few consumers are willing to pay extra for an EV, i.e. a Golf: - Austria TDI vs for e-golf (But in 2025 prices are - Norway TDI vs for e-golf expected to be equal) Other regulations are important But not enough to make a boom Zero toll, free parking, free charging, bus lane access, etc. Charging infrastructure is also an important driving factor - Slow charging is the daily bread for EVs and PHEVs. - But fast charging on main roads makes it possible to have one car An EV. - In Norway with EVs, the market now is starting to build infrastructure. Soft infrastructure also matters! Attitudes are basically a result of other three factors Cars, regulations and infrastructure which org., media, etc. inform about.

20 INFRASTRUCTURE Fast charging network in South Norway Hordaland County 2014 Status app South Norway 2014

21 Soft INFRASTRUCTURE also matters! Norwegian EV Union, Grønn bil, Zero Promotion, public relations, pratical guides, news, lobbying Transnova (now Enova) Financial support. Proactive local authorites EV guides and cost calculator vs. trad. cars Charging maps for cars, smartphones and Internet Apps and RFID cards for payment of charging Bilkraft, GoCharge, EasyPark in AppStore, Google Play Fast charging map and charging status ladestasjoner.no/hurtiglading/hurtigladekartet

22 EVs in public service Examples Municipality of Bergen inhabitants 108 EVs - Most EVs used by home service and home nurses for elders etc. These cars are used in fixed schedules and routes. - Institutions, psychiatry, sports service, fire service inspections, etc. have one or more EVs for use in their service. - Car pool for central administration and estate management. Booking is done in Outlook. Smaller municipalities in Hordaland - I.e. 2 EVs. One for home service. One for the administration. Gradually the learn where an EV is useful, and buy/lease more. Hordaland County Council - Have 3 EVs. Buys 35 this year to replace fossil fuel cars at high schools with craftsmen education and 5 for county administration. ATEA Norway (Branch of an International IT company) - Have pools of EVs at sites. Booking system from moveabout.net/en/

23 BEVs and PHEVs in Norway 2,5 % 1,4 % % of cars and vans 0,7 % From tax reduction for PHEVs: Mitsubishi Outlander Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV

24 Thank you for your attention! Best wishes for e-mobility in Austria! Per Svae Senior Adviser, Environmental Coordinator Department of Regional Development Section for Climate Issues and Natural Resources Tlf: Cellphone: