PSYCHROMETRICS: HEATING & HUMIDIFYING or COOLING & DEHUMIDIFYING
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1 PSYCHROMETRICS: HEATING & HUMIDIYING or COOLING & DEHUMIDIYING I) Objective The objective of this experiment is to exmine the stte of moist ir s it enters nd psses through the ir hndling unit. When ether conditions permit, the process investigted is cooling ith dehumidifiction. During cooler, dryer times heting nd humidifying process is investigted. Bsed on mesurements of ir dry-bulb tempertures, humidity levels nd flo rtes it is possible to evlute both the sensible nd ltent energy chnges tht the ir undergoes s it psses through the process. II) Bckground A psychrometric chrt provides convenient y to look t the processes. In the chrts shon belo, the processes begin t stte 1. The enthlpy vlues on the psychrometric chrts re specific vlues, i.e. they re per unit mss (for convenience, they re customrily expressed in terms of unit mss of dry ir). Heting/humidifying: In the heting/humidifying process the ir first psses through het exchnger nd then through the humidifier here stem t mss flo rte of up to 25.7 lbm /hr nd specific enthlpy h is spryed into the ir strem. The heting nd humidifiction of the ir is best considered by looking t the to processes sequentilly. The first, from stte 1 to stte 2, is the sensible heting tht occurs hen the ir psses through the het exchnger. The second, from stte 2 to stte, is the humidifiction process. During the sensible heting process the rte of energy dded to the moist ir, 1Q & 2, is ritten s: 1Q2 = m& ( h2 h1 & ) Eqn. 1 here: = the specific enthlpy of the moist ir upstrem of the heting coil h 2 = the specific enthlpy of the moist ir donstrem of the heting coil (nd upstrem of the humidifier.) m& = the mss flo rte of dry ir through the process. In the humidifiction process the energy eqution is: ( h h 2 ) m& h m & = Eqn. 2 here: h = the specific enthlpy of the moist ir donstrem of the humidifier h = the specific enthlpy of the stem m& = mss flo rte of the stem 4-1
2 The rte of moisture ddition to the ir, m&, is determined by ter vpor mss blnce: m& = m& ( W W2 ) Eqn. here: W 2 = humidity rtio of the moist ir upstrem of the humidifier W = humidity rtio of the moist ir donstrem of the humidifier Combining these equtions leds to the result: h W h 2 W 2 = h Eqn. 4 here the left side of the eqution represents the slope of the humidifiction process on psychrometric chrt. Thus the direction of the process cn be determined from the enthlpy of the stem dded to the ir strem nd the enthlpy moisture protrctor on psychrometric chrt. h h Enthlpy, h h W W 1 = W 2 Moisture Content t 1 Dry-Bulb Temperture t 2 t igure 1: Heting nd Humidifying Cooling/dehumidifying The cooling nd dehumidifying process is shon in igure 2. It begins t stte 1 nd ends t stte 2. The refrigertion cpcity required to ccomplish this, Q & R, is obtined from the energy blnce: R [( h h ) ( W W ) h ] Q & = m& Eqn f,2 4-2
3 here h f,2 is the enthlpy of sturted liquid t temperture t 2. The second term in the squre brcket is the enthlpy ssocited ith the liquid condenste s it runs out of the cooling coil. This term is smll compred to ( -h 2 ) hich is the enthlpy difference to cool the ir nd condense the ter. The pproximtion is often mde here the process is divided into sensible, (S), nd ltent, (L), components. ( h h ) ( h ) Q& RS = m& 2 nd Eqn. 6 Q & = m& Eqn. 7 Then Q & R =~ Q& RS + Q& Eqn. 8 Q& RS The sensible het rtio for the process is then: SHR = Eqn. 9 Q& + Q& The rte t hich moisture is removed from the ir is: ( W 1 W2 m& = m& ) Eqn. 10 RS Sturtion Line Enthlpy, h 2 h 2 W 1 W 2 = W Moisture Content t 2 t 1 = t Dry-Bulb Temperture igure 2: Cooling nd Dehumidifying A de point hygrometer is used to mesure the de point temperture of the ir. This instrument uses thermoelectric refrigertion module to cool highly reflective plte until condenstion forms. A light source shines on the plte nd hen condenstion occurs, the reflected intensity mesured by photosensor drops significntly. The instrument then mintins the plte t the de point temperture through feedbck control system. 4 -
4 III) Procedure Write simple dt cquisition progrm to mesure the ir dry-bulb tempertures. Set the speed of the fn to 45 Hz. Mesure the velocity pressure nd determine the volumetric irflo rte. Mesure the dry bulb nd de point tempertures necessry to determine the heting nd humidifying or cooling nd dehumidifying processes. Also, mesure the dry bulb nd et bulb tempertures needed to locte ny mixing process t the inlet to the ir hndling unit. Refer to Appendix H for chnnel ssignments of instruments nd clibrtion reltionships. IV) Report Requirements A) Dr schemtic of the system nd lbel ll the equipment, processes, nd stte points. B) Using the nottion selected in prt A, locte the ir stte points to describe the mixing process, (if ny), nd either the heting nd humidifying processes or the cooling/dehumidifying process on the psychrometric chrt t stedy stte. Clerly dr nd lbel ll the process pths on the chrt. C) Tbulte the dry bulb temperture, et bulb temperture, de point temperture, humidity rtio, enthlpy, reltive humidity, nd specific volume for ech of the moist ir stte points. D) Estimte the error in ech vlue listed in prt C. E) Clculte the mss flo rtes of dry ir nd ter vpor t ll stte points. ) or the heting nd humidifying process do the folloing: Compre the clculted mss flo rte of the stem injected by the humidifier ith the vlue indicted on the humidifier s key pd/digitl disply. Compre the slope of the process line for the humidifier ith the vlue predicted by Eqution 4. Clculte the sensible het gin for the heting coil nd fn processes. or the cooling nd dehumidifying process do the folloing: Clculte the totl, sensible, nd ltent cooling rtes cross the cooling coil. Clculte the sensible het rtio for the cooling/dehumidifying process. Determine the pprtus de-point temperture of the coil Estimte the error if one neglects the condenste term in the eqution for Q & R. Clculte the rte of sensible het dded to the ir from the fn. 4-4
5 Nme Dte ME 411 THERMAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY Psychrometrics Dt Acquisition Sheet Brometric Pressure Centerline Velocity Pressure n requency in. Hg in. H 2 O Hz. Cooling Coil Temperture (cooling nd dehumidifiction) Loction Stte Point Mesurement Mesurement Device Chnnel Units Vlue Poer Supply for Avg. Temp. sensors Poer Supply Poer Supply 10 V 1 Dry bulb temp Aspirted psychrometer 1 Wet bulb temp Aspirted psychrometer Outdoor Air 1 Dry bulb temp Visl 1 Reltive humidity Visl % 1 Dry bulb temp Type K 1 Depoint temp Depoint hygrometer 2 Dry bulb temp Aspirted psychrometer 2 Wet bulb temp Aspirted psychrometer Return Air 2 Dry bulb temp Visl 2 Reltive humidity Visl % 2 Dry bulb temp Type K 2 Depoint temp Depoint hygrometer Dry bulb temp Avg. temperture sensor 11 Mixed Air Upstrem of Depoint temp Depoint hygrometer ilters Dry bulb temp Visl Reltive humidity Visl % Mixed Air Upstrem of 4 Dry bulb temp Avg. temperture sensor 11 Cooling Coil 4 Depoint temp Depoint hygrometer Air Donstrem of 5 Dry bulb temp Avg. temperture sensor 12 Cooling Coil 5 Depoint temp Depoint hygrometer Air Upstrem of HX 6 Dry bulb temp Avg. temperture sensor 12 Air Donstrem of HX 7 Dry bulb temp Avg. temperture sensor 1 Air Donstrem of Humidifier 8 Dry bulb temp Avg. temperture sensor 14 Pitot 9 Dry bulb temp Visl Tube 9 Reltive humidity Visl % Loction 9 Dry bulb temp Avg. temperture sensor 14 Ref. Junction Type T TC ith Cold-Junction Voltge Compenstor 15 V Humidifier Stem Stem Temperture Type T TC
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