RIGHT TRIANGLES AND THE PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLETS
|
|
- Adrian Shepherd
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 RIGHT TRIANGLES AND THE PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLETS Known for over 500 yers is the fct tht the sum of the squres of the legs of right tringle equls the squre of the hypotenuse. Tht is +b c. A simple proof is shown in the following figure - As lredy shown by Euclid in his Elements, there re n infinite number of such right ngle tringles whose sides hve ll integer vlues. They re referred to s tringle integer triplets nd designted by [,b,c]. The first few of these triplets where <b<c cn be found by simple numericl evlution nd re- [,b,c][3,4,5],[5,,3],[6,8,0],[7,4,5],[8,5,7],[9,,5],[9,40,4],[0,4,6], [,60,6],[,6,0],[,35,37],[3,84,85],[4,48,50],[5,,3],[6,63,65], [7,44,45],[8,80,8],[9,80,8],[0,99,0],[0,,9] One notices t once tht some of the triplets re just n erlier triplet multiplied by n integer nd thus form similr tringles. Thus [6,8,0], [9,,5],[,6,0] re ll similr to the [3,4,5] bse triplet for the group. Likewise [5,,3] is the bse triplet for the group [0,4,6],[5,36,39], etc. Also no rel new informtion is obtined by interchnging nd b. Keeping only the bse triplets leves one with- [3,4,5],[5,,3],[7,4,5],[8,5,7],[9,40,4],[,60,6],[,35,37],[3,84,85],[4,48,50] [5,,3],[6,63,65],[7,44,45],[8,80,8],[9,80,8],[0,99,0],[0,,9],.. You will notice in this collection tht the numbers b nd c differ by one if is n odd integer nd by two if is n even integer for most cses with few exceptions such
2 s [0,,9]. This mens we my generte subclss of the infinite number of bse triplets by the formuls- n, b ( n 4) / 4, nd c ( n + 4) / 4 nd for even n, b ( n ) /, nd c ( n + ) / for odd with n,, 3, As exmples, for 3 we find b550 nd c55 nd for 44 we hve b44943 nd c Both triplets stisfy the Pythgoren Theorem for right tringles. Note tht in the bove list the lst triplet [0,,9] does not stisfy the just stted formul for even nor is it obtinble from one of the lower number bse triplets. The difference between c nd b is 8 suggesting the modifiction- n, b [ n ]/, nd c [ n + ]/ where (c-b)k nd k,, 3, for both even nd odd. We cn lso multiply this lst triplet by to obtin the ll integer triplets- n, b n, c n + with n > This lst expression represents the clssicl form for triplets lredy known to Euclid nd referred to in the literture s the Pythgoren Triplets. One exmple of such triplet obtined for 99 nd n is- [, b, c] [3958, 4840, 444] Note tht this Pythgoren Triplet is not bse triplet since ll components cn be divided by 4 to yield the bse triplet [0,99,0]. Among the bove listed bse triplets we find [0,,9] is generted by nd n5. Also [0,99,0] is generted by nd n0. To determine if triplet generted by the Euclid formul is bse triplet one needs to simply see if the elements divide by n integer. Thus- [ 96,80,04] > 4[4,45,5] > [8,5,7] shows tht the bse triplet in this cse is [8,5,7] nd is chrcterized by n4,. One cn tke the originl Pythgoren Theorem nd divide it by c. Then letting x/c nd yb/c, one hs the formul for unit rdius circle-
3 x + y n n + n + n + nd cn red off the points on this circle corresponding to bse triplet by the pproprite choice of n nd. Keeping n even number, one hs for the first few bse triplets- [n, ] [,],[3,],[4,3],[4,],[6,5],[6,],[8,7],[8,],[9,8],[9,],[0,9],.. The corresponding vlues of x nd y re [ x, y] [, ],[, ],[, ],[, ],[, ],[, ], [, ],[, ],[, ],[, ],[, ], Noting tht x cn be interchnged with y, we hve the bse triplets- [, b, c] [3,4,5],[5,,3],[7,4,5],[8,5,7],[,60,6],[[,35,37], [5,,3],[6,63,65],[7,44,45],[8,80,8],[9,80,8],... All points [x,y] nd their complements[y,x] lie on circle of rdius one s shown-
4 The two cute ngles of the right tringles defined by bse triplet [,b,c] re Brctn(b/) nd Arctn(/b). Thus we hve tht- Also, it follows tht- b π rctn( ) + rctn( ) b b sin( A) sin( B) nd cos( A) b, cos( B) + b + b For the [3,4,5] right tringle one hs Arcos(4/5) deg nd Brcos(3/5) deg with C90deg. An interesting clcultion involving right tringles is the determintion of the rdius of the lrgest circle which my be inscribed in n oblique tringle. The derivtion involves the Heron formul for the re of such tringle nd the bisection of the three ngles A,B, C of the tringle surrounding circle of rdius R. We hve the following geometry-
5 One sees tht the re of the tringle ABC must equl the re of the six right tringles shown. The height of ech of the tringles is equl to the inscribed circle rdius R. From the geometry one sees tht the hlf circumference is- s ( + b+ c) ( + + b + b + c + c ) nd lso it is observed from the picture tht-, b c c b, Thus one hs fter little mnipultion tht-, c s so tht s + b + c s b b s c, which mens tht the tringle re is- Are + b + c ) R sr (,
6 Equting to the known Heron result, one hs tht the rdius of the lrgest inscribed circle in ny oblique tringle will be- R ( s )( s b)( s c) s The lrgest circle fitting into [3,4,5] right tringle will thus be R nd for n equilterl tringle of sidelength the rdius will be R/[sqrt(3)]. The rdius of the lrgest circle inscribed in the right tringle defined by the triplet [0,99,0] will be R9. An interesting observtion is tht R is lwys n integer vlue s long s the triplet [,b,c] consists of integers nd defines right tringle. This condition is violted for non right tringles such s isosceles nd equilterl tringles or right tringles where one of the sides is non-integer such s for [,,sqrt()]. Just to confirm this sttement consider the bse triple [060808, 70985, 5443] generted by n997 nd 53. Here we find the lrgest inscribed circle hs integer rdius- R withsemiperimeters 5443 The frction of the tringle re covered by the circle will be- f circlere tringlere π ( s )( s b)( s c) 3/ s Finlly, we look for the lrgest right ngle tringle, designted by the triple[,b,c], which just fits into circle. The solution is stright forwrd when one reclls from elementry geometry tht two lines drwn from opposite ends of circle s dimeter lwys intersect t right ngle when they meet somewhere on the circle. Thus the rdius of such circle will be Rc/ nd the frction of the circle covered by the [,b,c] tringle will be- f tringlere circlere b π ( + b ) Thus [3,4,5] right tringle will hve n f This problem becomes more complicted when the tringle becomes oblique. Now the rdil distnce from the circle center is R nd the circle touches ll three corners of the [,b,c] tringle. Clling the three ngles subtended t the circle center s θ A, θ B,θ C we hve from the lw of cosines tht- b c cos( θ A), cos( θ ), cos( ) B θ C R R R
7 Denoting these cosines by α, β nd γ, we hve- π rccos( α) + rccos( β ) + rccos( γ ) Combining these three rccosine terms two t time nd then tking the cos of the result leds to the equlity- ( γ αβ) ( α )( β ) Which yields the implicit result for the circle rdius R for ny inscribed tringle. Tke the cse of n equilterl tringle of side length bc. Here- And leds to the cubic eqution- α β γ R γ 3 3γ + 0 with solutions γ-/,, nd.the first of these is of interest to us nd leds to R/sqrt(3). A plot of this inscribed equilterl tringle follows-
8 Its cover frction equls f3sqrt(3)/(4π) nd is the lrgest possible for n inscribed tringle within circle. September 00
Geometry 7-1 Geometric Mean and the Pythagorean Theorem
Geometry 7-1 Geometric Men nd the Pythgoren Theorem. Geometric Men 1. Def: The geometric men etween two positive numers nd is the positive numer x where: = x. x Ex 1: Find the geometric men etween the
More informationUse Geometry Expressions to create a more complex locus of points. Find evidence for equivalence using Geometry Expressions.
Lerning Objectives Loci nd Conics Lesson 3: The Ellipse Level: Preclculus Time required: 120 minutes In this lesson, students will generlize their knowledge of the circle to the ellipse. The prmetric nd
More informationLINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS AND THEIR REPRESENTING MATRICES
LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS AND THEIR REPRESENTING MATRICES DAVID WEBB CONTENTS Liner trnsformtions 2 The representing mtrix of liner trnsformtion 3 3 An ppliction: reflections in the plne 6 4 The lgebr of
More informationAREA OF A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION
AREA OF A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION h cut r πr h A surfce of revolution is formed when curve is rotted bout line. Such surfce is the lterl boundr of solid of revolution of the tpe discussed in Sections 7.
More informationThe remaining two sides of the right triangle are called the legs of the right triangle.
10 MODULE 6. RADICAL EXPRESSIONS 6 Pythgoren Theorem The Pythgoren Theorem An ngle tht mesures 90 degrees is lled right ngle. If one of the ngles of tringle is right ngle, then the tringle is lled right
More informationPROF. BOYAN KOSTADINOV NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, CUNY
MAT 0630 INTERNET RESOURCES, REVIEW OF CONCEPTS AND COMMON MISTAKES PROF. BOYAN KOSTADINOV NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, CUNY Contents 1. ACT Compss Prctice Tests 1 2. Common Mistkes 2 3. Distributive
More informationSection 5-4 Trigonometric Functions
5- Trigonometric Functions Section 5- Trigonometric Functions Definition of the Trigonometric Functions Clcultor Evlution of Trigonometric Functions Definition of the Trigonometric Functions Alternte Form
More informationLecture 5. Inner Product
Lecture 5 Inner Product Let us strt with the following problem. Given point P R nd line L R, how cn we find the point on the line closest to P? Answer: Drw line segment from P meeting the line in right
More information4.11 Inner Product Spaces
314 CHAPTER 4 Vector Spces 9. A mtrix of the form 0 0 b c 0 d 0 0 e 0 f g 0 h 0 cnnot be invertible. 10. A mtrix of the form bc d e f ghi such tht e bd = 0 cnnot be invertible. 4.11 Inner Product Spces
More informationPROBLEMS 13 - APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES Page 1
PROBLEMS - APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES Pge ( ) Wter seeps out of conicl filter t the constnt rte of 5 cc / sec. When the height of wter level in the cone is 5 cm, find the rte t which the height decreses.
More informationBinary Representation of Numbers Autar Kaw
Binry Representtion of Numbers Autr Kw After reding this chpter, you should be ble to: 1. convert bse- rel number to its binry representtion,. convert binry number to n equivlent bse- number. In everydy
More informationExample A rectangular box without lid is to be made from a square cardboard of sides 18 cm by cutting equal squares from each corner and then folding
1 Exmple A rectngulr box without lid is to be mde from squre crdbord of sides 18 cm by cutting equl squres from ech corner nd then folding up the sides. 1 Exmple A rectngulr box without lid is to be mde
More informationand thus, they are similar. If k = 3 then the Jordan form of both matrices is
Homework ssignment 11 Section 7. pp. 249-25 Exercise 1. Let N 1 nd N 2 be nilpotent mtrices over the field F. Prove tht N 1 nd N 2 re similr if nd only if they hve the sme miniml polynomil. Solution: If
More informationExample 27.1 Draw a Venn diagram to show the relationship between counting numbers, whole numbers, integers, and rational numbers.
2 Rtionl Numbers Integers such s 5 were importnt when solving the eqution x+5 = 0. In similr wy, frctions re importnt for solving equtions like 2x = 1. Wht bout equtions like 2x + 1 = 0? Equtions of this
More information9.3. The Scalar Product. Introduction. Prerequisites. Learning Outcomes
The Sclr Product 9.3 Introduction There re two kinds of multipliction involving vectors. The first is known s the sclr product or dot product. This is so-clled becuse when the sclr product of two vectors
More informationMATH 150 HOMEWORK 4 SOLUTIONS
MATH 150 HOMEWORK 4 SOLUTIONS Section 1.8 Show tht the product of two of the numbers 65 1000 8 2001 + 3 177, 79 1212 9 2399 + 2 2001, nd 24 4493 5 8192 + 7 1777 is nonnegtive. Is your proof constructive
More informationSPECIAL PRODUCTS AND FACTORIZATION
MODULE - Specil Products nd Fctoriztion 4 SPECIAL PRODUCTS AND FACTORIZATION In n erlier lesson you hve lernt multipliction of lgebric epressions, prticulrly polynomils. In the study of lgebr, we come
More informationPHY 140A: Solid State Physics. Solution to Homework #2
PHY 140A: Solid Stte Physics Solution to Homework # TA: Xun Ji 1 October 14, 006 1 Emil: jixun@physics.ucl.edu Problem #1 Prove tht the reciprocl lttice for the reciprocl lttice is the originl lttice.
More informationMathematics. Vectors. hsn.uk.net. Higher. Contents. Vectors 128 HSN23100
hsn.uk.net Higher Mthemtics UNIT 3 OUTCOME 1 Vectors Contents Vectors 18 1 Vectors nd Sclrs 18 Components 18 3 Mgnitude 130 4 Equl Vectors 131 5 Addition nd Subtrction of Vectors 13 6 Multipliction by
More informationVectors 2. 1. Recap of vectors
Vectors 2. Recp of vectors Vectors re directed line segments - they cn be represented in component form or by direction nd mgnitude. We cn use trigonometry nd Pythgors theorem to switch between the forms
More informationOperations with Polynomials
38 Chpter P Prerequisites P.4 Opertions with Polynomils Wht you should lern: Write polynomils in stndrd form nd identify the leding coefficients nd degrees of polynomils Add nd subtrct polynomils Multiply
More informationMath 135 Circles and Completing the Square Examples
Mth 135 Circles nd Completing the Squre Exmples A perfect squre is number such tht = b 2 for some rel number b. Some exmples of perfect squres re 4 = 2 2, 16 = 4 2, 169 = 13 2. We wish to hve method for
More informationFactoring Polynomials
Fctoring Polynomils Some definitions (not necessrily ll for secondry school mthemtics): A polynomil is the sum of one or more terms, in which ech term consists of product of constnt nd one or more vribles
More informationPhysics 43 Homework Set 9 Chapter 40 Key
Physics 43 Homework Set 9 Chpter 4 Key. The wve function for n electron tht is confined to x nm is. Find the normliztion constnt. b. Wht is the probbility of finding the electron in. nm-wide region t x
More informationRadius of the Earth - Radii Used in Geodesy James R. Clynch February 2006
dius of the Erth - dii Used in Geodesy Jmes. Clynch Februry 006 I. Erth dii Uses There is only one rdius of sphere. The erth is pproximtely sphere nd therefore, for some cses, this pproximtion is dequte.
More informationMath 314, Homework Assignment 1. 1. Prove that two nonvertical lines are perpendicular if and only if the product of their slopes is 1.
Mth 4, Homework Assignment. Prove tht two nonverticl lines re perpendiculr if nd only if the product of their slopes is. Proof. Let l nd l e nonverticl lines in R of slopes m nd m, respectively. Suppose
More information9 CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTIONS
9 CONTINUOUS DISTIBUTIONS A rndom vrible whose vlue my fll nywhere in rnge of vlues is continuous rndom vrible nd will be ssocited with some continuous distribution. Continuous distributions re to discrete
More informationPolynomial Functions. Polynomial functions in one variable can be written in expanded form as ( )
Polynomil Functions Polynomil functions in one vrible cn be written in expnded form s n n 1 n 2 2 f x = x + x + x + + x + x+ n n 1 n 2 2 1 0 Exmples of polynomils in expnded form re nd 3 8 7 4 = 5 4 +
More informationwww.mathsbox.org.uk e.g. f(x) = x domain x 0 (cannot find the square root of negative values)
www.mthsbo.org.uk CORE SUMMARY NOTES Functions A function is rule which genertes ectl ONE OUTPUT for EVERY INPUT. To be defined full the function hs RULE tells ou how to clculte the output from the input
More informationSection 7-4 Translation of Axes
62 7 ADDITIONAL TOPICS IN ANALYTIC GEOMETRY Section 7-4 Trnsltion of Aes Trnsltion of Aes Stndrd Equtions of Trnslted Conics Grphing Equtions of the Form A 2 C 2 D E F 0 Finding Equtions of Conics In the
More information. At first sight a! b seems an unwieldy formula but use of the following mnemonic will possibly help. a 1 a 2 a 3 a 1 a 2
7 CHAPTER THREE. Cross Product Given two vectors = (,, nd = (,, in R, the cross product of nd written! is defined to e: " = (!,!,! Note! clled cross is VECTOR (unlike which is sclr. Exmple (,, " (4,5,6
More informationMODULE 3. 0, y = 0 for all y
Topics: Inner products MOULE 3 The inner product of two vectors: The inner product of two vectors x, y V, denoted by x, y is (in generl) complex vlued function which hs the following four properties: i)
More informationGraphs on Logarithmic and Semilogarithmic Paper
0CH_PHClter_TMSETE_ 3//00 :3 PM Pge Grphs on Logrithmic nd Semilogrithmic Pper OBJECTIVES When ou hve completed this chpter, ou should be ble to: Mke grphs on logrithmic nd semilogrithmic pper. Grph empiricl
More informationReview Problems for the Final of Math 121, Fall 2014
Review Problems for the Finl of Mth, Fll The following is collection of vrious types of smple problems covering sections.,.5, nd.7 6.6 of the text which constitute only prt of the common Mth Finl. Since
More informationReview guide for the final exam in Math 233
Review guide for the finl exm in Mth 33 1 Bsic mteril. This review includes the reminder of the mteril for mth 33. The finl exm will be cumultive exm with mny of the problems coming from the mteril covered
More informationUNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF OSLO FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES Solution to exm in: FYS30, Quntum mechnics Dy of exm: Nov. 30. 05 Permitted mteril: Approved clcultor, D.J. Griffiths: Introduction to Quntum
More information5.2. LINE INTEGRALS 265. Let us quickly review the kind of integrals we have studied so far before we introduce a new one.
5.2. LINE INTEGRALS 265 5.2 Line Integrls 5.2.1 Introduction Let us quickly review the kind of integrls we hve studied so fr before we introduce new one. 1. Definite integrl. Given continuous rel-vlued
More informationTHE GEOMETRY OF PYRAMIDS
TE GEOMETRY OF PYRAMIDS One of te more interesting solid structures wic s fscinted individuls for tousnds of yers going ll te wy bck to te ncient Egyptins is te pyrmid. It is structure in wic one tkes
More informationTrigonometric Functions and Triangles
Trigonometric Functions and Triangles Dr. Philippe B. Laval Kennesaw STate University August 27, 2010 Abstract This handout defines the trigonometric function of angles and discusses the relationship between
More informationAlgebra Review. How well do you remember your algebra?
Algebr Review How well do you remember your lgebr? 1 The Order of Opertions Wht do we men when we write + 4? If we multiply we get 6 nd dding 4 gives 10. But, if we dd + 4 = 7 first, then multiply by then
More information2005-06 Second Term MAT2060B 1. Supplementary Notes 3 Interchange of Differentiation and Integration
Source: http://www.mth.cuhk.edu.hk/~mt26/mt26b/notes/notes3.pdf 25-6 Second Term MAT26B 1 Supplementry Notes 3 Interchnge of Differentition nd Integrtion The theme of this course is bout vrious limiting
More informationBrillouin Zones. Physics 3P41 Chris Wiebe
Brillouin Zones Physics 3P41 Chris Wiebe Direct spce to reciprocl spce * = 2 i j πδ ij Rel (direct) spce Reciprocl spce Note: The rel spce nd reciprocl spce vectors re not necessrily in the sme direction
More informationr (1+cos(θ)) sin(θ) C θ 2 r cos θ 2
icles xmple 66: Rounding one ssume we hve cone of ngle θ, nd we ound it off with cuve of dius, how f wy fom the cone does the ound stt? nd wht is the chod length? (1+cos(θ)) sin(θ) θ 2 cos θ 2 xmple 67:
More informationCSU Fresno Problem Solving Session. Geometry, 17 March 2012
CSU Fresno Problem Solving Session Problem Solving Sessions website: http://zimmer.csufresno.edu/ mnogin/mfd-prep.html Math Field Day date: Saturday, April 21, 2012 Math Field Day website: http://www.csufresno.edu/math/news
More information10.6 Applications of Quadratic Equations
10.6 Applictions of Qudrtic Equtions In this section we wnt to look t the pplictions tht qudrtic equtions nd functions hve in the rel world. There re severl stndrd types: problems where the formul is given,
More informationIntegration by Substitution
Integrtion by Substitution Dr. Philippe B. Lvl Kennesw Stte University August, 8 Abstrct This hndout contins mteril on very importnt integrtion method clled integrtion by substitution. Substitution is
More information4. How many integers between 2004 and 4002 are perfect squares?
5 is 0% of what number? What is the value of + 3 4 + 99 00? (alternating signs) 3 A frog is at the bottom of a well 0 feet deep It climbs up 3 feet every day, but slides back feet each night If it started
More informationaddition, there are double entries for the symbols used to signify different parameters. These parameters are explained in this appendix.
APPENDIX A: The ellipse August 15, 1997 Becuse of its importnce in both pproximting the erth s shpe nd describing stellite orbits, n informl discussion of the ellipse is presented in this ppendix. The
More informationCOMPONENTS: COMBINED LOADING
LECTURE COMPONENTS: COMBINED LOADING Third Edition A. J. Clrk School of Engineering Deprtment of Civil nd Environmentl Engineering 24 Chpter 8.4 by Dr. Ibrhim A. Asskkf SPRING 2003 ENES 220 Mechnics of
More informationRegular Sets and Expressions
Regulr Sets nd Expressions Finite utomt re importnt in science, mthemtics, nd engineering. Engineers like them ecuse they re super models for circuits (And, since the dvent of VLSI systems sometimes finite
More informationBasic Analysis of Autarky and Free Trade Models
Bsic Anlysis of Autrky nd Free Trde Models AUTARKY Autrky condition in prticulr commodity mrket refers to sitution in which country does not engge in ny trde in tht commodity with other countries. Consequently
More informationWarm-up for Differential Calculus
Summer Assignment Wrm-up for Differentil Clculus Who should complete this pcket? Students who hve completed Functions or Honors Functions nd will be tking Differentil Clculus in the fll of 015. Due Dte:
More informationEQUATIONS OF LINES AND PLANES
EQUATIONS OF LINES AND PLANES MATH 195, SECTION 59 (VIPUL NAIK) Corresponding mteril in the ook: Section 12.5. Wht students should definitely get: Prmetric eqution of line given in point-direction nd twopoint
More information6.2 Volumes of Revolution: The Disk Method
mth ppliction: volumes of revolution, prt ii Volumes of Revolution: The Disk Method One of the simplest pplictions of integrtion (Theorem ) nd the ccumultion process is to determine so-clled volumes of
More informationHomework 3 Solutions
CS 341: Foundtions of Computer Science II Prof. Mrvin Nkym Homework 3 Solutions 1. Give NFAs with the specified numer of sttes recognizing ech of the following lnguges. In ll cses, the lphet is Σ = {,1}.
More informationExponential and Logarithmic Functions
Nme Chpter Eponentil nd Logrithmic Functions Section. Eponentil Functions nd Their Grphs Objective: In this lesson ou lerned how to recognize, evlute, nd grph eponentil functions. Importnt Vocbulr Define
More informationLecture 3 Gaussian Probability Distribution
Lecture 3 Gussin Probbility Distribution Introduction l Gussin probbility distribution is perhps the most used distribution in ll of science. u lso clled bell shped curve or norml distribution l Unlike
More informationTreatment Spring Late Summer Fall 0.10 5.56 3.85 0.61 6.97 3.01 1.91 3.01 2.13 2.99 5.33 2.50 1.06 3.53 6.10 Mean = 1.33 Mean = 4.88 Mean = 3.
The nlysis of vrince (ANOVA) Although the t-test is one of the most commonly used sttisticl hypothesis tests, it hs limittions. The mjor limittion is tht the t-test cn be used to compre the mens of only
More informationReasoning to Solve Equations and Inequalities
Lesson4 Resoning to Solve Equtions nd Inequlities In erlier work in this unit, you modeled situtions with severl vriles nd equtions. For exmple, suppose you were given usiness plns for concert showing
More informationAll pay auctions with certain and uncertain prizes a comment
CENTER FOR RESEARC IN ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT CREAM Publiction No. 1-2015 All py uctions with certin nd uncertin prizes comment Christin Riis All py uctions with certin nd uncertin prizes comment Christin
More informationThinking out of the Box... Problem It s a richer problem than we ever imagined
From the Mthemtics Techer, Vol. 95, No. 8, pges 568-574 Wlter Dodge (not pictured) nd Steve Viktor Thinking out of the Bo... Problem It s richer problem thn we ever imgined The bo problem hs been stndrd
More information19. The Fermat-Euler Prime Number Theorem
19. The Fermt-Euler Prime Number Theorem Every prime number of the form 4n 1 cn be written s sum of two squres in only one wy (side from the order of the summnds). This fmous theorem ws discovered bout
More information1. Find the zeros Find roots. Set function = 0, factor or use quadratic equation if quadratic, graph to find zeros on calculator
AP Clculus Finl Review Sheet When you see the words. This is wht you think of doing. Find the zeros Find roots. Set function =, fctor or use qudrtic eqution if qudrtic, grph to find zeros on clcultor.
More informationUnit 6: Exponents and Radicals
Eponents nd Rdicls -: The Rel Numer Sstem Unit : Eponents nd Rdicls Pure Mth 0 Notes Nturl Numers (N): - counting numers. {,,,,, } Whole Numers (W): - counting numers with 0. {0,,,,,, } Integers (I): -
More informationCypress Creek High School IB Physics SL/AP Physics B 2012 2013 MP2 Test 1 Newton s Laws. Name: SOLUTIONS Date: Period:
Nme: SOLUTIONS Dte: Period: Directions: Solve ny 5 problems. You my ttempt dditionl problems for extr credit. 1. Two blocks re sliding to the right cross horizontl surfce, s the drwing shows. In Cse A
More informationRatio and Proportion
Rtio nd Proportion Rtio: The onept of rtio ours frequently nd in wide vriety of wys For exmple: A newspper reports tht the rtio of Repulins to Demorts on ertin Congressionl ommittee is 3 to The student/fulty
More informationLectures 8 and 9 1 Rectangular waveguides
1 Lectures 8 nd 9 1 Rectngulr wveguides y b x z Consider rectngulr wveguide with 0 < x b. There re two types of wves in hollow wveguide with only one conductor; Trnsverse electric wves
More information6.1 Basic Right Triangle Trigonometry
6.1 Basic Right Triangle Trigonometry MEASURING ANGLES IN RADIANS First, let s introduce the units you will be using to measure angles, radians. A radian is a unit of measurement defined as the angle at
More informationNovel Methods of Generating Self-Invertible Matrix for Hill Cipher Algorithm
Bibhudendr chry, Girij Snkr Rth, Srt Kumr Ptr, nd Sroj Kumr Pnigrhy Novel Methods of Generting Self-Invertible Mtrix for Hill Cipher lgorithm Bibhudendr chry Deprtment of Electronics & Communiction Engineering
More informationFUNCTIONS AND EQUATIONS. xεs. The simplest way to represent a set is by listing its members. We use the notation
FUNCTIONS AND EQUATIONS. SETS AND SUBSETS.. Definition of set. A set is ny collection of objects which re clled its elements. If x is n element of the set S, we sy tht x belongs to S nd write If y does
More informationIntegration. 148 Chapter 7 Integration
48 Chpter 7 Integrtion 7 Integrtion t ech, by supposing tht during ech tenth of second the object is going t constnt speed Since the object initilly hs speed, we gin suppose it mintins this speed, but
More informationSection 7.1 Solving Right Triangles
Section 7.1 Solving Right Triangles Note that a calculator will be needed for most of the problems we will do in class. Test problems will involve angles for which no calculator is needed (e.g., 30, 45,
More informationM5A42 APPLIED STOCHASTIC PROCESSES PROBLEM SHEET 1 SOLUTIONS Term 1 2010-2011
M5A42 APPLIED STOCHASTIC PROCESSES PROBLEM SHEET 1 SOLUTIONS Term 1 21-211 1. Clculte the men, vrince nd chrcteristic function of the following probbility density functions. ) The exponentil distribution
More information1 Solution of Homework
Math 3181 Dr. Franz Rothe February 4, 2011 Name: 1 Solution of Homework 10 Problem 1.1 (Common tangents of two circles). How many common tangents do two circles have. Informally draw all different cases,
More informationModule 2. Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures by the Matrix Force Method. Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur
Module Anlysis of Stticlly Indeterminte Structures by the Mtrix Force Method Version CE IIT, Khrgpur esson 9 The Force Method of Anlysis: Bems (Continued) Version CE IIT, Khrgpur Instructionl Objectives
More informationBabylonian Method of Computing the Square Root: Justifications Based on Fuzzy Techniques and on Computational Complexity
Bbylonin Method of Computing the Squre Root: Justifictions Bsed on Fuzzy Techniques nd on Computtionl Complexity Olg Koshelev Deprtment of Mthemtics Eduction University of Texs t El Pso 500 W. University
More informationOr more simply put, when adding or subtracting quantities, their uncertainties add.
Propgtion of Uncertint through Mthemticl Opertions Since the untit of interest in n eperiment is rrel otined mesuring tht untit directl, we must understnd how error propgtes when mthemticl opertions re
More informationSquare Roots and the Pythagorean Theorem
4.8 Square Roots and the Pythagorean Theorem 4.8 OBJECTIVES 1. Find the square root of a perfect square 2. Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the length of a missing side of a right triangle 3. Approximate
More information15.6. The mean value and the root-mean-square value of a function. Introduction. Prerequisites. Learning Outcomes. Learning Style
The men vlue nd the root-men-squre vlue of function 5.6 Introduction Currents nd voltges often vry with time nd engineers my wish to know the verge vlue of such current or voltge over some prticulr time
More informationRotating DC Motors Part II
Rotting Motors rt II II.1 Motor Equivlent Circuit The next step in our consiertion of motors is to evelop n equivlent circuit which cn be use to better unerstn motor opertion. The rmtures in rel motors
More informationA.7.1 Trigonometric interpretation of dot product... 324. A.7.2 Geometric interpretation of dot product... 324
A P P E N D I X A Vectors CONTENTS A.1 Scling vector................................................ 321 A.2 Unit or Direction vectors...................................... 321 A.3 Vector ddition.................................................
More informationRadius of the Earth - Radii Used in Geodesy James R. Clynch Naval Postgraduate School, 2002
dius of the Erth - dii Used in Geodesy Jmes. Clynh vl Postgrdute Shool, 00 I. Three dii of Erth nd Their Use There re three rdii tht ome into use in geodesy. These re funtion of ltitude in the ellipsoidl
More informationAppendix D: Completing the Square and the Quadratic Formula. In Appendix A, two special cases of expanding brackets were considered:
Appendi D: Completing the Squre nd the Qudrtic Formul Fctoring qudrtic epressions such s: + 6 + 8 ws one of the topics introduced in Appendi C. Fctoring qudrtic epressions is useful skill tht cn help you
More informationFactoring Patterns in the Gaussian Plane
Factoring Patterns in the Gaussian Plane Steve Phelps Introduction This paper describes discoveries made at the Park City Mathematics Institute, 00, as well as some proofs. Before the summer I understood
More informationDerivatives and Rates of Change
Section 2.1 Derivtives nd Rtes of Cnge 2010 Kiryl Tsiscnk Derivtives nd Rtes of Cnge Te Tngent Problem EXAMPLE: Grp te prbol y = x 2 nd te tngent line t te point P(1,1). Solution: We ve: DEFINITION: Te
More informationSolutions to Practice Problems
Higher Geometry Final Exam Tues Dec 11, 5-7:30 pm Practice Problems (1) Know the following definitions, statements of theorems, properties from the notes: congruent, triangle, quadrilateral, isosceles
More information2004 Solutions Ga lois Contest (Grade 10)
Canadian Mathematics Competition An activity of The Centre for Education in Ma thematics and Computing, University of W aterloo, Wa terloo, Ontario 2004 Solutions Ga lois Contest (Grade 10) 2004 Waterloo
More informationLaw of Cosines. If the included angle is a right angle then the Law of Cosines is the same as the Pythagorean Theorem.
Law of Cosines In the previous section, we learned how the Law of Sines could be used to solve oblique triangles in three different situations () where a side and two angles (SAA) were known, () where
More informationAMC 10 Solutions Pamphlet TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 2001 Sponsored by Mathematical Association of America University of Nebraska
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO AMERICAN MATHEMATICS COMPETITIONS nd Annual Mathematics Contest 10 AMC 10 Solutions Pamphlet TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 001
More informationThe Velocity Factor of an Insulated Two-Wire Transmission Line
The Velocity Fctor of n Insulted Two-Wire Trnsmission Line Problem Kirk T. McDonld Joseph Henry Lbortories, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Mrch 7, 008 Estimte the velocity fctor F = v/c nd the
More informationLinear Equations in Two Variables
Liner Equtions in Two Vribles In this chpter, we ll use the geometry of lines to help us solve equtions. Liner equtions in two vribles If, b, ndr re rel numbers (nd if nd b re not both equl to 0) then
More informationg(y(a), y(b)) = o, B a y(a)+b b y(b)=c, Boundary Value Problems Lecture Notes to Accompany
Lecture Notes to Accompny Scientific Computing An Introductory Survey Second Edition by Michel T Heth Boundry Vlue Problems Side conditions prescribing solution or derivtive vlues t specified points required
More informationPYTHAGOREAN TRIPLES KEITH CONRAD
PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLES KEITH CONRAD 1. Introduction A Pythagorean triple is a triple of positive integers (a, b, c) where a + b = c. Examples include (3, 4, 5), (5, 1, 13), and (8, 15, 17). Below is an ancient
More informationVectors. The magnitude of a vector is its length, which can be determined by Pythagoras Theorem. The magnitude of a is written as a.
Vectors mesurement which onl descries the mgnitude (i.e. size) of the oject is clled sclr quntit, e.g. Glsgow is 11 miles from irdrie. vector is quntit with mgnitude nd direction, e.g. Glsgow is 11 miles
More informationCURVES ANDRÉ NEVES. that is, the curve α has finite length. v = p q p q. a i.e., the curve of smallest length connecting p to q is a straight line.
CURVES ANDRÉ NEVES 1. Problems (1) (Ex 1 of 1.3 of Do Crmo) Show tht the tngent line to the curve α(t) (3t, 3t 2, 2t 3 ) mkes constnt ngle with the line z x, y. (2) (Ex 6 of 1.3 of Do Crmo) Let α(t) (e
More informationv T R x m Version PREVIEW Practice 7 carroll (11108) 1
Version PEVIEW Prctice 7 crroll (08) his print-out should he 5 questions. Multiple-choice questions y continue on the next colun or pge find ll choices before nswering. Atwood Mchine 05 00 0.0 points A
More informationGeometry - Semester 2. Mrs. Day-Blattner 1/20/2016
Geometry - Semester 2 Mrs. Day-Blattner 1/20/2016 Agenda 1/20/2016 1) 20 Question Quiz - 20 minutes 2) Jan 15 homework - self-corrections 3) Spot check sheet Thales Theorem - add to your response 4) Finding
More informationDrawing Diagrams From Labelled Graphs
Drwing Digrms From Lbelled Grphs Jérôme Thièvre 1 INA, 4, venue de l Europe, 94366 BRY SUR MARNE FRANCE Anne Verroust-Blondet 2 INRIA Rocquencourt, B.P. 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex FRANCE Mrie-Luce Viud
More informationHow fast can we sort? Sorting. Decision-tree model. Decision-tree for insertion sort Sort a 1, a 2, a 3. CS 3343 -- Spring 2009
CS 4 -- Spring 2009 Sorting Crol Wenk Slides courtesy of Chrles Leiserson with smll chnges by Crol Wenk CS 4 Anlysis of Algorithms 1 How fst cn we sort? All the sorting lgorithms we hve seen so fr re comprison
More information