Air Quality Management in South Africa: Application of the Priority Area Management Tool

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1 Air Quality Management in South Africa: Application of the Priority Area Management Tool Dr. T.N. Mdluli Presentation to the AWMA International Speciality Conference: Leapfrogging Opportunities for Air Quality Improvement, May 2010, Xi an, Shaanxi Province, China

2 Outline Overview of South African Air Quality Legislation Current Air Quality Management Tools used in South Africa Priority Area Management Tool Priority Area AQMP Implementation Leapfrogging Opportunities

3 Overview of South African Air Quality Legislation Atmospheric Pollution Prevention Act (APPA) Enacted in 1965 Based on legislation from the UK from early 1900 s Unconstitutional: people s right to clean environment Resulted in the development of air pollution hot-spots Repealed 1 April 2010 National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act (AQA) Partially enacted on 9 September 2005 and fully enacted on 1 April 2010 Source-based to an effects-based approach

4 Current AQM Tools used in South Africa Ambient air quality standards Covers the priority pollutants (SO 2, NO 2, O 3, Pb, C 6 H 6, CO and PM 10 ) PM 2.5 to be introduced in near future Problem pollutants PM 10 and SO 2 Industrial emission standards Covers all major industrial processes operated in South Africa Developed after consideration of a broad range of international emission standards and in consultation with industry: SABS process

5 Current AQM Tools used in South Africa Controlled emitters Appliance or activity not regulated in terms of the emission standards but pose a threat to the environment Example: small boilers (capacity < 50MW/th) Controlled fuels Substance or mixture of substances used in combustion processes Example: combustion of tyres in cement manufacturing

6 Current AQM Tools used in South Africa Priority Area Approach to AQM Identification: high pollution zones Development of a specialized air quality management plan Co-operative governance and stakeholder involvement - MSRG Concentration of limited resources (human and financial): hence National Gov funds and local authorities get involved in development South Africa has declared two national priority areas to date

7 Priority Area Approach Boundary determination Common international approach is to use ambient air quality information and dispersion modelling Not available in South Africa need to develop a proxy methodology Used population density, emission density, topography and geopolitical boundaries Baseline assessment Review of all ambient air quality data in the defined area Review of governance capacity

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10 Priority Area Approach Baseline assessment (cont.) Comprehensive emissions inventory industrial, domestic, transport, biomass burning Meteorological data input Dispersion modelling with source apportionment Identification of Hot-spots from Baseline Assessment Example

11 Hot-spot Zone 1 FREQUENCY OF EXCEEDANCE OF DAILY PM10 LIMIT OF 75 µg/m³ ALL CURRENT SOURCES day 5 days 25 days 0km 20km 40km 60km 80km

12 Power Generation Iron and Steel Process Petrochemical Processes Ferroalloy Processes Phosphate Fertilizer Processes Smaller Industries Vehicles Mines Domestic Fuel Burning

13 AQMP Implementation Problem identification and objective analysis Hot-spots: to prioritize interventions and develop objectives low hanging fruit Problem complexes are defined LFA methodology used to convert the problem complexes into feasible interventions Incorporation of emission reduction strategies from industry and implementation time-frames Air quality management plan implementation strategy Capture all the components into a single coordinated plan

14 Leapfrogging Opportunities Boundary determination approach SA: population density, emission levels & geopolitical boundaries Limited air quality management resources National government providing funding and managing AQMP development MSRG Formation Problem complexes Development of emission reduction strategies

15 Leapfrogging Opportunities Implementation Task Team: Accountability Working groups reporting on progress Medical Forum Review of the Priority Area AQMP: Lessons Learnt Best possible modelling input 2 year initial then 5 year review

16 Thank you

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