MAY 1. Possibility (50%): He may win (Puede que él gane) 2. Permission May I go out? (Tendría permiso?) You may go out.

Transcription

1 MODAL VERBS Autor: Enrique Hinojosa CAN 1. Ability: I can swim 2. Permission: Can I go out? / You can go out 3. Prohibition: You can t stay here 4. Request: Can you close the door, please? 5. Offers: Can I help you? 6. Deduction(neg.): It can t be ten o clock now!! COULD 1. Ability (past): I could swim at the age of Permission(polite): Could I go out? ( Podría?) 3. Request (polite): Could you close the door, please? 4. Possibility (50%): He could win the match 5. Suggestion: We could watch the game today 6. Advice: You could go to the library. MAY 1. Possibility (50%): He may win (Puede que él gane) 2. Permission May I go out? (Tendría permiso?) You may go out. MIGHT 1. Remote possibility: He might win (poco probable) 2. Criticism: You might as well study!! (También podrías estudiar, no?) SHALL 1. Suggestion: Shall we go for a walk? 2. Ask for instructions: Shall I close the door? 3. Future: We shall go to the party 4. Prohibitions: You shall not kill 5. Offers: Shall I carry the bags for you? SHOULD 1. Subjective advice: You should study more 2. Instructions (polite): Should I close the door? 3. Suggestions (polite): Should we have a coffee?

2 OUGHT 1. Objective advice: You ought to keep silence TO 2. Prohibitions: You ought not to smoke here MUST 1. Obligation: You must be here before 11 pm 2. Prohibition: You mustn t enter 3. Deduction: He must be rich 4. Advice: You must eat vegetables 5. Instructions: You must press the red button WILL 1. Future: I will not go to the party 2. Predictions: He will be a great dancer 3. Promises: I will love you forever 4. Request: Will you pass me the salt? 5. Conditionals: If it isn t raining, I will go out WOULD 1. Conditionals: If you helped me, I would finish 2. Request (polite): Would you open the door? 3. Advice: If I were you, I wouldn t go 4. Invitations: Would you like to go out? 5. Preferences: I would rather dance than sing 6. Past habits: He would smoke after dinner (Solía ) NEEDN T 1. Absence of You needn t do the exam Obligation: (No tienes porqué...) REQUEST PERMISSION ADVICE Will you? (Quieres?) Can I? You should Can you? (Puedes?) Could I? If I, I would Could you? (Podrías?) May I? You could Would you? You ought to (Sería tan amable?) You must...

3 1.- Write sentences with modal verbs so that they have the same meaning I m sure he has forgotten something You are not allowed to walk on the grass Please stop talking (polite) Do you have to leave so soon? I don t believe it s ten o clock You d better call the police Perhaps he has lost the address Why don t you go to the library? Please sit down (colloquial) I was wrong to say that I m sure he has heard the news He wasn t able to lift the piano It s forbidden to enter the house It s possible that the phone is broken He used to smoke his pipe in the evenings Let me help you She doesn t work hard enough I insist that you do as I say Do you Know how to make an omelette? Why don t we go for a walk? Perhaps there has been an accident You are not allowed to look It s possible that she visits us tomorrow I wish I had tried harder Do you mind if I sit here? She used to dance for hours I asked for permission to get up (polite) I ask for instructions to turn off the TV It s not possible that he finishes in time I advise you to do some exercise I advise you not to talk so loud in class He was not able to speak French last year You are obliged to wait for your sister Alan used to play golf when he was young Do you have to finish the project today? I don t have the ability of skiing You don t have to come tomorrow I request you to close the door Do you mind if I open the window? Do you know how to solve this problem? It is forbidden to go out of the school I ask for permission to leave There are possibilities for her to win Perhaps she has passed her exam I advise you not to smoke in the bus You d better study the modal verbs I give you permission to speak Maybe he got lost You have to consult the dictionary Why don t you ask the teacher? Why don t we have a rest?

4 2.- Fill in the sentences with can/can t/could/couldn t and a verb: hear/play/land/understand/help/come/phone/drive/speak/see/read 3.- Rewrite these sentences using may/might

5 4.- Complete the sentences and give some advice 5.- What advice would you give someone to be healthy??

6 6.- Use must/mustn t to express obligation, strong advice or prohibition 7.- Anne wants to pass her exams; write sentences with must/mustn t

7 8. Write sentences with modal verbs so that they have the same meaning 1 It isn t necessary to buy a ticket. You don t need to buy a ticket. 2 I advise him to be more careful. 3 I m sure that is John s car. 4 I don t think he is her brother. They don t ressemble each other. 5 He wasn t able to swim when he was five. 6 It s possible that he will win the race. 7 You are not allowed to play in the garden. 8 It wasn t necessary for them to repair the car. 9 Do you want me to open the door? (SHALL) 10 It s possible that she is still at work 9. Rewrite the sentences with MODAL PERFECTS 1 Their plane probably crashed over the jungle (MUST) 2 There is no possibility that Mark was involved in the crime (Couldn t) 3 Maybe Janet invited him here tonight (might) 4 She isn t in the office. Perhaps she went home (may) 5 I m sure she was quite angry when she daid it (must) 6 Perhaps he learned English as a child (may) 7 It wasn t necessary for me to go out (needn t) 8 It was a mistake for you to buy that car (shouldn t) 9 It s possible that I left my wallet at home (could) 10 It was unnecessary for you to clean the floor ( NEEDN T) 10. MODAL PERFECTS 1 How did you know about the secret? Someone (tell)... you. 2 The money was on the desk. I (take)... it,but Ididn t. 3 I know you were angry, but you (not be)... so rude. 4 I don t know who sent these flowers; it (be)... Jane. 5 You (wear)... a raincoat. It wasn t raining you (not be)... a little more polite last night? 7 They (make)... a mistake; the two cases were red. 8 You (tell)... your parents you were going to be late. 9 They (not leave)... without being seen by anybody. 10 You (apologize)... for being late. 12 I (not say)... such a terrible thing. I m sorry. 13 I came here by taxi, so I (leave) my keys there. 14 I m sorry. I (let)... you know what was happening. 11. TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH 1 Ese cuadro no puede ser un Picasso. 2 No deberías fumar tanto. Es malo para tu salud. 3 No deberías haberle gritado a tu amigo. 4 No estoy segura. Puede que hayan ido al cine. 5 Peter no pudo haber sido el asesino. Estuvo cenando conmigo esa noche. 6 Ella no puede haberse marchado porque su maletín está todavía aquí. 7 Debe de haber sido una película muy triste; todo el mundo estaba llorando. 8 El accidente de Juan podría haber sido mucho peor. 9 No tenías que haber venido a verme. Estoy bien. 10 Al final del curso podré hablar inglés mejor.