Composite Design Fundamentals. David Richardson
|
|
- Shonda Madeline Malone
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Composite Design Fundamentals David Richardson
2 Contents A review of the fundamental characteristics of composites Stiffness and Strength Anisotropic Role of fibre, matrix and interface Composite failure Design Criteria and Considerations Aircraft Composite Design Process Analysis approach - FEA Advantages and Disadvantages of Composites Design Case Studies
3 Stiffness and Strength Young s modulus is a measure of how stiff a material is How much is stretches under a given load Measured in GPa or GN/m 2 Steel = 210 GPa, Aluminium = 70 GPa, Polymers = 3 GPa Stress is a measure of how strong a material is Failure stress / strength (MPa) Aluminium example = 400 MPa Yield stress Aluminium example = 200 MPa
4 Stress Strain of Fibre & Matrix Diagram taken from Harris (1999)
5 Composites versus Aluminium Source: Aerocomp Ltd
6 Isotropic versus Anisotropic Most materials are isotropic Meaning that their properties are the same in all directions Metals, polymers, ceramics Composites are anisotropic Meaning that their properties are (may be) different in different directions Wood, plywood
7 Anisotropic Material Benefits We can put the material properties where we need them Strength, stiffness + We do not need material where it is not required Saving in weight Disadvantage We need to understand and determine where and in which direction we need high performance
8 The Challenge of Composites 10+ fibre options 30+ matrix options - Many combination considerations 10+ manufacturing options + many process variations - such as tooling and consolidation options - More complex design due to anisotropic materials, near net shape manufacture & intimate link between manufacture and material properties
9 Composite Material
10 Reinforcement Phase - Fibre Reinforcement May be particulate, short fibres or continuous fibres Provides strength and stiffness + Influences the formability & machinability of the resulting structure
11 Composite Material Forms Particulate - microballoons (hollow microspheres) - nano particles (sized between 1 and 100 nanometres) Discontinuous Fibre -Chopped strand mat -Chipped fibres for injection moulding (100 μm long) Continuous Fibre
12 Matrix Phase The roles of the Matrix Holds the fibres in position Protects the fibres Transfers loads to and from fibres The Matrix determines Transverse mechanical properties Where fibres do not reinforce structure Y-plane? Z-plane? Inter laminar shear characteristics Environmental resistance (moisture, chemical, fire) Temperature resistance Processing/manufacturing routes
13
14
15 The Fibre-Matrix Interface Has a significant effect on Shear, transverse, flexural, impact and crack propagation properties The bond must have a good shear strength in order to: transmit load between matrix and fibre minimise ingress of corrodents control de-bonding There are a number of factors which affect the bond strength including: compatibility of resin and fibre imperfections on surface of the fibre finish (or size) applied to the fibre during fibre manufacture length of the fibre
16 Role & Characteristics of Matrix Consider following 3 loading conditions: Axial compressive loads The matrix needs to keep the fibres straight to avoid buckling. In-plane shear loads Adjacent plies attempt to slide over one another. The matrix transfers these loads, relying on adhesion to the fibre. Bending loads A combination of compression, tension and shear loads
17 Composite Failure Composites tend to fail in a different way to metals Different failure modes Brittle fibres in a ductile matrix Sudden brittle failure no elasticity Crazing and matrix cracking may occur Unseen failure may initiate in the laminate Hence fear due to BVID in carbon fibre structures Inter laminar disbonding and damage
18 When does material fail? Source: Gurit: Guide to Composites
19 Attractive Properties of Composites Stiffness Strength Low mass Part count reduction Low cost production of complex shapes Low attenuation to X-rays Radar transparent Inherent excellent FST properties Corrosion resistance Good fatigue performance EMI/RFI screening Electrical insulation Ballistic performance Low CTE Good Ablative properties (resistance to erosive processes)
20 Key Design Considerations Material Selection Processing/Fabrication Methods Structural Considerations Environmental Effects & Protection Sandwich Construction
21 Design/Material Selection Options Vary proportion of fibre Vary angles of fibres Vary consolidation of laminate (fibre volume fraction) Vary types of fibres Vary type of matrix Vary fibre-matrix interface Vary manufacturing process Near net shape manufacturing Quality of resulting laminate/product
22 Aircraft Composite Design Process 1. Determine requirements and loads 2. Select structural configuration 3. Select material, fabric, thickness, style, ply sequence 4. Calculate laminate properties Strength, stiffness, strain to failure, etc 5. Calculate stress induced by loads Go back to 3 if stress 1.5 >1 6. Evaluate cost versus weight Go back to 2 if high cost or weight 7. Build & test prototype final design Taken from Composite Aircraft Design, Martin Hollmann
23 Select Structural Configuration Important to have a thorough knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of the various fabrication / manufacturing techniques Design for Manufacture Usually a specific structural configuration is selected for Ease of construction Low tooling and fabrication costs Lightweight
24 Preliminary Structural Sizing Once the type of composite structure has been selected = preliminary structural sizing of the components and laminates can proceed Using standard structural analytical techniques Together with simple optimization techniques and equations
25 Design Mechanical Properties Determine mechanical properties of single oriented lamina or ply From testing in the longitudinal and transverse directions Average measured properties minus two standard deviations Not from material suppliers published data Because suppliers publish most optimistic data May be difficult to repeat in laboratory Not design data
26 Properties in other directions The properties of the ply can be calculated in other directions using a range of possible methods Efficiency or Krenchel factor Hart-Smith 10% rule Classical Laminate Analysis
27 Design and Analysis of Structures Analysis of composite components is difficult Dynamic loads are especially hard to consider Design tools are less developed than those for conventional materials Testing is still widely used to validate design and analysis models
28 Analysis Approach Analysis only as good as the weakest element Usually begins with approximations Simplified approach for initial sizing Rule of Mixtures, experience, empirical data Refine analysis Use of computational tools Analysis should always be verifiable in some way (test)
29 Finite Element Analysis Lots of FEA codes offer composite capability However, analysis is not as simple as with isotropic materials Models have to be tuned Verification is essential Main strength in comparison of materials options/arrangements
30 Advantages of Composites Tailor capability (directional properties) Lower density (lower weight) High strength and stiffness Fatigue performance Corrosion resistance Wear resistance Low heat transmission Good electrical insulation Low sound transmission
31 Further Advantages of Composites Textured surfaces Self colouring Integration of parts Economy of scale Moulding direct to final dimensions Efficient use of materials Durability Lifetime costing attractive
32 Disadvantages of Composites Environmental degradation of resin dominated properties Notch sensitivity Impact damage Poor through thickness properties Variability Properties not established until manufactured Limited availability of design data Reinforcement incorrectly located Lack of codes and standards Recycling not easy Fire, smoke and toxicity performance
33 References Composite Materials - UWE E-learning resource David Richardson, John Burns, Aerocomp Ltd. Composite Aircraft Design Martin Hollmann Design with Reinforced Plastics, a guide for engineers and designers Rayner M Mayer The Design Council Published in 1993 by Bourne Press Ltd, Bournemouth
34 Contact Details Dr David Richardson Room 1N22 Faculty of Engineering and Technology University of the West of England Frenchay Campus Coldharbour Lane Bristol BS16 1QY Tel:
The Fundamental Principles of Composite Material Stiffness Predictions. David Richardson
The Fundamental Principles of Composite Material Stiffness Predictions David Richardson Contents Description of example material for analysis Prediction of Stiffness using Rule of Mixtures (ROM) ROM with
More informationMechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied
Mechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied Stress and strain fracture or engineering point of view: allows to predict the
More informationSEISMIC RETROFITTING TECHNIQUE USING CARBON FIBERS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
Fracture Mechanics of Concrete Structures Proceedings FRAMCOS-3 AEDIFICA TIO Publishers, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany SEISMIC RETROFITTING TECHNIQUE USING CARBON FIBERS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS H.
More informationHardened Concrete. Lecture No. 14
Hardened Concrete Lecture No. 14 Strength of Concrete Strength of concrete is commonly considered its most valuable property, although in many practical cases, other characteristics, such as durability
More informationCOMPOSITE MATERIALS. Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
COMPOSITE MATERIALS Office Hours: Tuesday, 16:30-17:30 akalemtas@mu.edu.tr, akalemtas@gmail.com Phone: +90 252 211 19 17 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department CONTENT Composite Materials Metal
More informationFigure 1: Typical S-N Curves
Stress-Life Diagram (S-N Diagram) The basis of the Stress-Life method is the Wohler S-N diagram, shown schematically for two materials in Figure 1. The S-N diagram plots nominal stress amplitude S versus
More informationLOW VELOCITY IMPACT ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED FRP COMPOSITES
LOW VELOCITY IMPACT ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED FRP COMPOSITES B. KRANTHI KUMAR 1 M.Tech student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Godavari Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rajahmundry, Andhrapradesh,
More informationCOMPOSITE MATERIALS. Asst. Prof. Dr. Ayşe KALEMTAŞ
COMPOSITE MATERIALS Office Hours: Tuesday, 16:30-17:30 akalemtas@mu.edu.tr, akalemtas@gmail.com Phone: +90 252 211 19 17 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department ISSUES TO ADDRESS Classification
More information4.461: Building Technology 1 CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS FALL TERM 2004 SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING: MIT
4.461: Building Technology 1 CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS Professor John E. Fernandez FALL TERM 2004 SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING: MIT Concrete and Composites Stadelhofen Station Zurich Santiago Calatrava
More informationNumerical Analysis of Independent Wire Strand Core (IWSC) Wire Rope
Numerical Analysis of Independent Wire Strand Core (IWSC) Wire Rope Rakesh Sidharthan 1 Gnanavel B K 2 Assistant professor Mechanical, Department Professor, Mechanical Department, Gojan engineering college,
More information1.054/1.541 Mechanics and Design of Concrete Structures (3-0-9) Outline 1 Introduction / Design Criteria for Reinforced Concrete Structures
Prof. Oral Buyukozturk Massachusetts Institute of Technology Outline 1 1.054/1.541 Mechanics and Design of Concrete Structures (3-0-9) Outline 1 Introduction / Design Criteria for Reinforced Concrete Structures
More informationXantu.LayrTM nanofibre interleaving veils provide a technological leap forward for the toughening of high performance composites.
Continuous Nanofibre. Performance composites Xantu.LayrTM nanofibre interleaving veils provide a technological leap forward for the toughening of high performance composites. Xantu.LayrTM enhances composite
More informationPredictive Modeling of Composite Materials & Structures: State-of-the-Art Solutions and Future Challenges.
Predictive Modeling of Composite Materials & Structures: State-of-the-Art Solutions and Future Challenges. Roger A. Assaker Roger.Assaker@e-Xstream.com www.e-xstream.com Short Abstract Computer Aided Engineering
More informationROHACELL Triple F. Complex shaped PMI Foam Cores for highly efficient FRP Composite
Complex shaped PMI Foam Cores for highly efficient FRP Composite ROHACELL Triple F Sandwich Fabrication for low to - A Novel Particle Foam high volume applications SAMPE tesdr. Kay Brazil Conference 2015
More informationTHE COMPOSITE DISC - A NEW JOINT FOR HIGH POWER DRIVESHAFTS
THE COMPOSITE DISC - A NEW JOINT FOR HIGH POWER DRIVESHAFTS Dr Andrew Pollard Principal Engineer GKN Technology UK INTRODUCTION There is a wide choice of flexible couplings for power transmission applications,
More informationENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PULTRUDED DYNAFORM FIBERGLASS STRUCTURAL SHAPES. July 1, 2008 Revision 2
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PULTRUDED DYNAFORM FIBERGLASS STRUCTURAL SHAPES 1 PART 1 - GENERAL 1.0 GENERAL 1.1 REFERENCES: SECTION 06610 FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTICS (FRP) FABRICATIONS PULTRUDED FIBERGLASS
More informationCARBON/DYNEEMA INTRALAMINAR HYBRIDS: NEW STRATEGY TO INCREASE IMPACT RESISTANCE OR DECREASE MASS OF CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES
26 TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES CARBON/DYNEEMA INTRALAMINAR HYBRIDS: NEW STRATEGY TO INCREASE IMPACT RESISTANCE OR DECREASE MASS OF CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES J. G. H. Bouwmeester*,
More informationThe Original Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer System
Infrastructure The Original Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer System Phone: 52.292.39 Toll Free: 866.38.269 Fax: 52.48.5274 282 E. Fort Lowell Rd. Tucson, AZ 8576 www.dowaksausa.com Test results are supported
More informationObjectives. Experimentally determine the yield strength, tensile strength, and modules of elasticity and ductility of given materials.
Lab 3 Tension Test Objectives Concepts Background Experimental Procedure Report Requirements Discussion Objectives Experimentally determine the yield strength, tensile strength, and modules of elasticity
More informationPROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
1 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 1.1 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Different materials possess different properties in varying degree and therefore behave in different ways under given conditions. These properties
More informationOverview of Topics. Stress-Strain Behavior in Concrete. Elastic Behavior. Non-Linear Inelastic Behavior. Stress Distribution.
Stress-Strain Behavior in Concrete Overview of Topics EARLY AGE CONCRETE Plastic shrinkage shrinkage strain associated with early moisture loss Thermal shrinkage shrinkage strain associated with cooling
More informationFire and Concrete Structures
Fire and Concrete Structures Authors: David N. Bilow, P.E., S.E., Director, Engineered Structures, Portland Cement Association 5420 Old Orchard Road, Skokie, IL 60077,Phone 847-972-9064, email: dbilow@cement.org
More informationStress Strain Relationships
Stress Strain Relationships Tensile Testing One basic ingredient in the study of the mechanics of deformable bodies is the resistive properties of materials. These properties relate the stresses to the
More informationCH 6: Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading
CH 6: Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading Some machine elements are subjected to static loads and for such elements static failure theories are used to predict failure (yielding or fracture).
More informationME349 Engineering Design Projects
ME349 Engineering Design Projects Introduction to Materials Selection The Material Selection Problem Design of an engineering component involves three interrelated problems: (i) selecting a material, (ii)
More informationUSE OF CFRP LAMINATES FOR STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CORBELS
International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 6, Issue 11, Nov 2015, pp. 11-20, Article ID: IJCIET_06_11_002 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=6&itype=11
More information8 EXTRA LIGHT GRC SANDWICH ELEMENTS FOR ROOFING IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
8 EXTRA LIGHT GRC SANDWICH ELEMENTS FOR ROOFING IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS MARICA DELLA BELLA and DIEGO CIAN Precompressi Centro Nord S.p.A., Italy SUMMARY: Secondary roofing elements, complementary to the
More informationENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PULTRUDED DYNARAIL FIBERGLASS LADDER & LADDER CAGES
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION PULTRUDED DYNARAIL FIBERGLASS LADDER & LADDER CAGES PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE OF WORK SECTION 06610 FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTICS (FRP) FABRICATIONS PULTRUDED SQUARE TUBE LADDER
More informationChapter 5 Bridge Deck Slabs. Bridge Engineering 1
Chapter 5 Bridge Deck Slabs Bridge Engineering 1 Basic types of bridge decks In-situ reinforced concrete deck- (most common type) Pre-cast concrete deck (minimize the use of local labor) Open steel grid
More informationStronger Together. Designing and Manufacturing Composite Solutions for Industrial Applications
EN Stronger Together Designing and Manufacturing Composite Solutions for Industrial Applications The future belongs to composites The advanced solutions of tomorrow are made of composites. The rigid and
More informationEDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES OUTCOME 2 ENGINEERING COMPONENTS TUTORIAL 1 STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
ENGINEERING COMPONENTS EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES OUTCOME ENGINEERING COMPONENTS TUTORIAL 1 STRUCTURAL MEMBERS Structural members: struts and ties; direct stress and strain,
More informationMass Transit, Marine, Off Shore and Construction Applications
An Update on Phenolic Resins for use in Mass Transit, Marine, Off Shore and Construction Applications Peter Willson Sales Director Caleb Technical Products Ltd 1/9 Introduction Fibre Reinforced Composites
More informationPrestressed Concrete Pipe Fitness for Service and Repair
Prestressed Concrete Pipe Fitness for Service and Repair Rasko Ojdrovic rpojdrovic@sgh.com 781-907-9231 IAEA - EPRI 15 October 2014 www.sgh.com SGH Pipeline Experience More than 25 years of research, analysis,
More informationEUROLAB 25 years. The role of metrology and testing to characterize materials and products. EUROLAB 25th Anniversary Seminar
EUROLAB 25 years The role of metrology and testing to characterize materials and products April 9, 2015, Odense Danmark 1 Origin of Conformity Assessment The New Approach for the European Economic Community
More informationFATIGUE CONSIDERATION IN DESIGN
FATIGUE CONSIDERATION IN DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE In this module we will be discussing on design aspects related to fatigue failure, an important mode of failure in engineering components. Fatigue failure
More informationMechanical Properties and Fracture Analysis of Glass. David Dutt Chromaglass, Inc.
Mechanical Properties and Fracture Analysis of Glass David Dutt Chromaglass, Inc. IES ALC Williamsburg 2006 2 IES ALC Williamsburg 2006 3 Outline The Ideal The Practical The Reality IES ALC Williamsburg
More informationPTFE Slide Bearings 04/10 149
04/10 149 1.0 GENERAL INFORMATION In a wide range of applications, PTFE Slide bearings are superior to conventional expansion plates, rollers and rocker arm type supports. They support petrochemical plant,
More informationThe BASA Guide to the ISO 11600 Classification of Sealants for Building Construction
The BASA Guide to the ISO 11600 Classification of Sealants for Building Construction SEALANTS IN BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION Glazing Sealants (G) Construction Sealants (F) Class 25 Class 25LM Class 25 Class
More informationCOMPARISON BETWEEN GLASS AND FLAX NON-CRIMP STITCHED FABRICS
18 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS COMPARISON BETWEEN GLASS AND FLAX NON-CRIMP STITCHED FABRICS L. Bizet 1 *, S. Guéret 1, C. Re 1, P. Ouagne 2 1 Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes,
More informationMaterial Optimization and Weight Reduction of Drive Shaft Using Composite Material
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 10, Issue 1 (Nov. - Dec. 2013), PP 39-46 Material Optimization and Weight Reduction of Drive Shaft
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BLOCKS
1 th Canadian Masonry Symposium Vancouver, British Columbia, June -5, 013 DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BLOCKS Vladimir G. Haach 1, Graça Vasconcelos and Paulo
More informationINVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYESTER REINFORCED WITH HEMP FIBRE (LONG FIBRES AND MAT) FOR PATELLAR IMPLANT APPLICATION
International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 7, Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2016, pp. 154-163, Article ID: IJMET_07_01_016 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=7&itype=1
More informationModern Codes for Design of Concrete Concrete Structures Presentation Outline
Modern Codes for Design of Concrete Structures James K. Wight F.E. Richart, Jr. Professor of Civil Eng. University of Michigan Presentation Outline Current Codes Where did they come from? What is their
More information(Seattle is home of Boeing Jets)
Dr. Faeq M. Shaikh Seattle, Washington, USA (Seattle is home of Boeing Jets) 1 Pre Requisites for Today s Seminar Basic understanding of Finite Element Analysis Working Knowledge of Laminate Plate Theory
More informationChapter Outline. Mechanical Properties of Metals How do metals respond to external loads?
Mechanical Properties of Metals How do metals respond to external loads? Stress and Strain Tension Compression Shear Torsion Elastic deformation Plastic Deformation Yield Strength Tensile Strength Ductility
More informationPhosphoric Acid Anodized Aluminum Honeycomb
Phosphoric Acid Anodized Aluminum Honeycomb Description 02 and 06 expanded aerospace grade aluminum honeycomb materials are available in a wide selection of cell sizes and foil gauges. The HexWeb CR-PAA
More informationHigh-Tech Plastics for Lightweight Solutions
High-Tech Plastics for Lightweight Solutions Julian Haspel, High Performance Materials, Global Application Development Mobility Days Prague, November 22nd 2012 Agenda Plastic / metal hybrid technology
More informationOverview of Recent Developments in 3D Structures
Overview of Recent Developments in 3D Structures Michael McClain, Senior R&T Engineer Organic Matrix Composites Jonathan Goering Divisional Chief Technology Officer Albany Engineered Composites 112 Airport
More informationFatigue. 3. Final fracture (rough zone) 1. Fatigue origin. 2. Beach marks (velvety zone)
Fatigue Term fatigue introduced by Poncelet (France) 1839 progressive fracture is more descriptive 1. Minute crack at critical area of high local stress (geometric stress raiser, flaws, preexisting cracks)
More informationDesign and Analysis of a Storage Container Used in Missile
Design and of a Storage Container Used in Missile 75 Prudvi Raju. Devarapalli M.Tech Student Technology, Ongole Venkata Ramesh Mamilla Associate Professor Technology Ongole M.V. Mallikarjun Professor Technology
More informationObjective To conduct Charpy V-notch impact test and determine the ductile-brittle transition temperature of steels.
IMPACT TESTING Objective To conduct Charpy V-notch impact test and determine the ductile-brittle transition temperature of steels. Equipment Coolants Standard Charpy V-Notched Test specimens Impact tester
More informationStructural Integrity Analysis
Structural Integrity Analysis 1. STRESS CONCENTRATION Igor Kokcharov 1.1 STRESSES AND CONCENTRATORS 1.1.1 Stress An applied external force F causes inner forces in the carrying structure. Inner forces
More information*Currently employed at UTAS, work for this paper was carried out while the author was formerly employed at MSC Software.
A novel optimization strategy for composite beam type landing gear for light aircraft Edwin Spencer * United Technologies Aerospace Systems 850 Lagoon Drive Chula Vista Ca. 91910 Abstract Composite beam
More informationCRASH ANALYSIS OF AN IMPACT ATTENUATOR FOR RACING CAR IN SANDWICH MATERIAL
F2008-SC-016 CRASH ANALYSIS OF AN IMPACT ATTENUATOR FOR RACING CAR IN SANDWICH MATERIAL Boria, Simonetta *, Forasassi, Giuseppe Department of Mechanical, Nuclear and Production Engineering, University
More information15. MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
Chapter 5 Modulus of Elasticity 5. MODULUS OF ELASTICITY The modulus of elasticity (= Young s modulus) E is a material property, that describes its stiffness and is therefore one of the most important
More informationDraft Table of Contents. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary ACI 318-14
Draft Table of Contents Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary ACI 318-14 BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 318 14) Chapter 1 General 1.1 Scope of ACI 318
More informationTool Design and Concurrent Engineering using Rapid Tooling Construction Methods
Section Number 3563 Tool Design and Concurrent Engineering using Rapid Tooling Construction Methods Nicole Hoekstra Engineering Technology Department Western Washington University Abstract Prior to rapid
More informationHow To Improve Mechanical Properties Of A Composite Material
Usak University Journal of Material Sciences journal homepage: http://uujms.usak.edu.tr Research article Mechanical properties of bi axial glass fiber and pistachio shell reinforced polyester composites
More informationFIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) PIPING SYSTEMS DESIGNING PROCESS / FACILITIES PIPING SYSTEMS WITH FRP
FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC (FRP) PIPING SYSTEMS DESIGNING PROCESS / FACILITIES PIPING SYSTEMS WITH FRP A COMPARISON TO TRADITIONAL METALLIC MATERIALS Prepared by: Kevin Schmit, Project Engineer Specialty
More informationComposite Panel Firewall Systems
Composite Panel Firewall Systems part of the Protecting more than your business Insulated mineral fibre panels have excellent thermal and acoustic properties, ideal for factory and office partition walls.
More informationThe University of Birmingham (Live System)
The University of Birmingham (Live System) Behaviour of Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) under both short-term and long-term loadings Yang, Jian; Rungthonkit, Prathan Document Version Author final version
More informationElastoFlake & ElastoTec
ElastoFlake & ElastoTec Relining Group 02 Revolutionally injection casting ElastoFlake, a new material from the Relining Group, is a polymer plastic mass intended for injection casting, which was developed
More informationAramid Fibre/Phenolic Honeycomb
Aramid Fibre/Phenolic Honeycomb Product Data Description HexWeb HRH-10 is manufactured from aramid fibre sheets. A thermosetting adhesive is used to bond these sheets at the nodes, and, after expanding
More informationBalancing Manufacturability and Optimal Structural Performance for Laminate Composites through a Genetic Algorithm
Balancing Manufacturability and Optimal Structural Performance for Laminate Composites through a Genetic Algorithm Mike Stephens Senior Composites Stress Engineer, Airbus UK Composite Research, Golf Course
More informationINCORPORATING WEIGHT-SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS: AT WHAT RISK?
INCORPORATING WEIGHT-SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS: AT WHAT RISK? John Kuster, Senior Product Manager Harnessing Products TE Connectivity Aerospace, Defense & Marine Republished by Aerospace
More informationA Study of Durability Analysis Methodology for Engine Valve Considering Head Thermal Deformation and Dynamic Behavior
A Study of Durability Analysis Methodology for Engine Valve Considering Head Thermal Deformation and Dynamic Behavior Kum-Chul, Oh 1, Sang-Woo Cha 1 and Ji-Ho Kim 1 1 R&D Center, Hyundai Motor Company
More informationExperimental assessment of concrete damage due to exposure to high temperature and efficacy of the repair system
MATEC Web of Conferences 6, 06002 (2013) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20130606002 C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2013 Experimental assessment of concrete damage due to exposure to high temperature
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH PRESSURE RTM PROCESSES FOR MANUFACTURING OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPOSITES
CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH PRESSURE RTM PROCESSES FOR MANUFACTURING OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPOSITES R. Chaudhari 1*, M. Karcher 1, P. Elsner 1, F. Henning 1 1 Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology,
More informationThe International Journal Of Science & Technoledge (ISSN 2321 919X) www.theijst.com
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLEDGE Retrofitting of Fire Affected Structural Member in Multistorey Buildings Chandrakant PG Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering S.D.M. College of Engineering
More informationRepair of Fatigued Steel Bridge Girders with Carbon Fiber Strips
2004-02 Final Report Repair of Fatigued Steel Bridge Girders with Carbon Fiber Strips Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. 3. Recipients Accession No. MN/RC 2004-02 4. Title and Subtitle
More informationCertification of Discontinuous Composite Material Forms for Aircraft Structures
Certification of Discontinuous Composite Mark Tuttle, Dept Mechanical Engineering Paolo Feraboli, Dept Aeronautics & Astronautics University of Washington Motivation Discontinuous fiber composites (DFC)
More informationMECHANICS OF SOLIDS - BEAMS TUTORIAL 1 STRESSES IN BEAMS DUE TO BENDING. On completion of this tutorial you should be able to do the following.
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS - BEAMS TUTOIAL 1 STESSES IN BEAMS DUE TO BENDING This is the first tutorial on bending of beams designed for anyone wishing to study it at a fairly advanced level. You should judge
More informationBasics of Reinforced Concrete Design
Basics of Reinforced Concrete Design Presented by: Ronald Thornton, P.E. Define several terms related to reinforced concrete design Learn the basic theory behind structural analysis and reinforced concrete
More informationComposite Materials. Mary P. Shafer. Fabric Development, Inc. Quakertown, PA 18951
Composite Materials Mary P. Shafer Fabric Development, Inc. Quakertown, PA 18951 Composite Material Two inherently different materials that when combined together produce a material with properties that
More informationHow To Characterise Thick Laminates
EFFECT OF CURE CYCLE ON THE PROPERTIES OF THICK CARBON/EPOXY LAMINATES M. R.L. Gower, R. M. Shaw and W.R. Broughton National Physical Laboratory Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 LW, United Kingdom
More informationSheet metal operations - Bending and related processes
Sheet metal operations - Bending and related processes R. Chandramouli Associate Dean-Research SASTRA University, Thanjavur-613 401 Table of Contents 1.Quiz-Key... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.Bending
More informationCHAPTER10 MATERIALS SUBSTITUTION. Materials and Process Selection for Engineering Design: Mahmoud Farag
CHAPTER10 MATERIALS SUBSTITUTION 1 Chapter 10: Goal and objectives The goal of this chapter is to analyze the various incentives and constraints involved in substituting one material for another in making
More informationShell Elements in ABAQUS/Explicit
ABAQUS/Explicit: Advanced Topics Appendix 2 Shell Elements in ABAQUS/Explicit ABAQUS/Explicit: Advanced Topics A2.2 Overview ABAQUS/Explicit: Advanced Topics ABAQUS/Explicit: Advanced Topics A2.4 Triangular
More informationExternal Wrapping of Steel Riser Pipe. Case Study HJ3 CS200902
External Wrapping of Steel Riser Pipe Case Study HJ3 CS200902 Introduction Refineries process a wide variety of petroleum products. As part of the process, they rely on cooling towers, which recycle water
More informationAPE T CFRP Aslan 500
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Tape is used for structural strengthening of concrete, masonry or timber elements using the technique known as Near Surface Mount or NSM strengthening. Use of CFRP
More informationOn certification aspects of wind turbine blade load carrying structure
On certification aspects of wind turbine blade load carrying structure Tomasz Sieradzan, Bente Vestergaard Lead author: Tomasz.sieradzan@dnvgl.com Direct: +45 3945 4879 DNV GL Tuborg Parkvej 8, 2 nd floor
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERS BY TMA. W.J. Sichina, National Marketing Manager
PERKIN ELMER Polymers technical note CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERS BY W.J. Sichina, National Marketing Manager Thermomechanical analysis () is one of the important characterization techniques in the field
More informationHexWeb CR III Corrosion Resistant Specification Grade Aluminum Honeycomb
Corrosion Resistant Specification Grade Aluminum Honeycomb Description 5052 and 5056 expanded aerospace grade aluminum honeycomb materials are available in a wide selection of cell sizes and foil gauges.
More informationModern Construction Materials Prof. Ravindra Gettu Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Modern Construction Materials Prof. Ravindra Gettu Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module - 2 Lecture - 2 Part 2 of 2 Review of Atomic Bonding II We will continue
More informationDesign Analysis and Review of Stresses at a Point
Design Analysis and Review of Stresses at a Point Need for Design Analysis: To verify the design for safety of the structure and the users. To understand the results obtained in FEA, it is necessary to
More informationReinforced Concrete Design
FALL 2013 C C Reinforced Concrete Design CIVL 4135 ii 1 Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1. Reading Assignment Chapter 1 Sections 1.1 through 1.8 of text. 1.2. Introduction In the design and analysis of reinforced
More informationFatigue Performance Evaluation of Forged Steel versus Ductile Cast Iron Crankshaft: A Comparative Study (EXECUTIVE SUMMARY)
Fatigue Performance Evaluation of Forged Steel versus Ductile Cast Iron Crankshaft: A Comparative Study (EXECUTIVE SUMMARY) Ali Fatemi, Jonathan Williams and Farzin Montazersadgh Professor and Graduate
More information1.5 Concrete (Part I)
1.5 Concrete (Part I) This section covers the following topics. Constituents of Concrete Properties of Hardened Concrete (Part I) 1.5.1 Constituents of Concrete Introduction Concrete is a composite material
More informationTHE DETERMINATION OF DELAMINATION STRAIN ENERGY RELEASE RATE OF COMPOSITE BI-MATERIAL INTERFACE
THE DETERMINATION OF DELAMINATION STRAIN ENERGY RELEASE RATE OF COMPOSITE BI-MATERIAL INTERFACE Jaroslav Juracka, Vladimir Matejak Brno University of Technology, Institute of Aerospace Engineering juracka@fme.vutbr.cz;
More informationQUALIFICATION OF MATERIALS AND BLADES FOR WIND TURBINES. Jakob Wedel-Heinen and Josef Kryger Tadich
Proceedings of the 27 th Risø International Symposium on Materials Science: Polymer Composite Materials for Wind Power Turbines Editors: H. Lilholt, B. Madsen, T.L. Andersen, L.P. Mikkelsen, A. Thygesen
More informationNumerical modelling of shear connection between concrete slab and sheeting deck
7th fib International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering 2008 September 10-13, Universität Stuttgart, Germany Numerical modelling of shear connection between concrete slab and sheeting deck Noémi Seres
More informationGuide to Magnetic Materials
Guide to Magnetic s Abstract The purpose of this guide is to present the various materials and their performance, and also to give you the basic knowledge in choosing the right magnet material for your
More informationConstruction. 3-part thixotropic epoxy patching mortar. Product Description. Tests
Product Data Sheet Edition 05/12/2014 Identification no: 020204030010000044 Sikadur -41 CF Rapid 3-part thixotropic epoxy patching mortar Construction Product Description Uses Characteristics / Advantages
More informationFDM Material Properties
Details FDM Standard lead time: Layer thickness: Standard accuracy: Surface finish: Maximum part dimensions: Capacity: Materials: 4-5 days 0.25 mm (for ABS, ABSi) 0.18 0.25 mm (for ABS-M30, ABS-M30i, PC,
More informationSaw Tooth Design and Tipping Materials
Saw Tooth Design and Tipping Materials Bruce Lehmann, P.Eng, Ph.D. Sr. Engineer, Thin Kerf Technologies Inc. British Columbia, Canada Introduction The purposes of a saw tooth are to: 1. Remove a chip from
More information3. Test Methods for Evaluation of ESCR of Plastics
3. Test Methods for Evaluation of ESCR of Plastics A common laboratory request for ESC-prone polymers is to check ESCR performance for quality control, competitive product evaluations, and research and
More informationTENSILE TESTING PRACTICAL
TENSILE TESTING PRACTICAL MTK 2B- Science Of Materials Ts epo Mputsoe 215024596 Summary Material have different properties all varying form mechanical to chemical properties. Taking special interest in
More informationTechnical Notes 3B - Brick Masonry Section Properties May 1993
Technical Notes 3B - Brick Masonry Section Properties May 1993 Abstract: This Technical Notes is a design aid for the Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402-92) and Specifications
More informationCONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS - SEISMIC ISOLATION BEARINGS
CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS - SEISMIC ISOLATION BEARINGS 1.0 DESIGN 1.1 Scope of Work 1.1.1 This work shall consist of furnishing Isolation Bearings and installing Isolation Bearing Assemblies at the locations
More information