Urban land management in Ecuador: a preventive approach

Transcription

1 Urban land management in Ecuador: a preventive approach Monica Quintana Project Coordinator Ecuador Based on Preparatory Work for the Low Income Neighborhood Upgrading and Urban Land Management Project MIDUVI, Banco del Estado, World Bank, Cities Alliance Washington DC, April Project Concept Objective: Improve quality of life of urban Ecuadorians presently in marginal conditions and develop the capacity of cities to plan for growth and expansion Amount: $35 million Target cities: Intermediate cities (urban population > 20,000, excluding Quito and Guayaquil) that can borrow Instrument: Municipal loans to be channeled through the State Bank (= Municipal Development Fund) Eligibility criteria for municipalities and neighborhoods 1

2 Project components 1. Urban upgrading: curative Menu of investments: physical + property titling Strong community participation 2. Urban land management: preventive Ensure supply of serviced urban land affordable to the urban poor Urban Land Management Subcomponents Preparation for urban expansion Progressive urbanization through strategic partnerships pilot (Improved sites and services scheme) Streamlining land titling mechanisms as a key investment with multiplier effect (how to do it at larger scale and lower cost) 2

3 Subcomponent 2.1. Preparation for urban expansion Work with 7 cities in Ecuador: SANTO DOMINGO RUMIÑAHUI MANTA RIOBAMBA DURÁN MILAGRO MACHALA Population forecasts YEAR RATIO RATIO CITY / /2001 Eloy Alfaro Duran 170, , , Milagro 123, , , Machala 210, , , Manta 188, , , Riobamba 133, , , Sangolqui 60, , , Santo Domingo 225, , , Average 159, , , Source:1. Eduardo Arriaga, Proyección de la Población en Siete Ciudades del Ecuador, Solly Angel, Ecuador PPT 2, Dic

4 Built-up area forecasts BUILT - UP FORECAST BUILT UP AREA Riobamba Milagro Sangloqui Rio Bamba Manta Machala CITIES Preparation for urban expansion Premises Pilot component Ecuadorian intermediate cities will double and triple their builtup area in 25 years There is availability of land in these cities Interventions in land markets should be minimal The arterial network is what guides where urban growth takes place Acquisition of land is possible in Ecuador 4

5 Preparing for urban expansion Making minimal preparations Determine population forecasts for 2030 Determine existing built-area and forecasts for 2030 Establish preferred city growth patterns according to topography, amenities, soil characteristics Determine urban growth boundary Design of secondary arterial system Establish needed rights of way Acquire land for rights of way only The savings of planning ahead The cost of not planning now is: - Increased congestion - Location of settlements in land subject to natural disasters and need to relocate later on - Location of settlements in land that should be protected from the environmental point of view and need to relocate later on - Location of settlements in areas that should be open space or public space and need to relocate later on - Creation of new marginal areas without access to trunk infrastructure and need to upgrade The cost of the minimal planning for expansion is $1-1.5 million per city 5

6 The case of Milagro GENERAL INFORMATION ** Location Eastern area Prov. Del Guayas Population Extention Density Population ** Hab. 401,10 Km Hab. / Km2. Growth rate 1,7 I. MUNICIPIO DE MILAGRO * Source: Census Projection INEC Population Growth MILAGRO: CRECIMIENTO POBLACIONAL POBLACION URBANA RURAL CANTONAL

7 Access To Public Services ACCESS TO PUBLIC SERVICES IN HOUSE WATER CONNECTION SANITATION CONNECTION ELECTRICITY WASTE COLLECTION FIXED TELEPHONE PROPERTY OWNERSHIP (HOUSE) EMPLOYMENT TRANSPORT 35.7% 20.54% 93,74% 56.06% 22.32% 68.85% 73,91% 65,48% DEFICIT OF URBAN SERVICES 87.37% Urban Growth OCUPATION Km2. BEFORE , Hab. 332 Ha Hab Ha Hab Ha Hab. BETWEEN 1997 AND 2006 TOTAL AREA 1,16 18, Ha Km2. MARGINAL SETTLEMENTS ,68 Km2. 0,29 Km2. 0,19 Km2. 7

8 Built up area forecast Ratio Ratio Milagro T 1 T 2 Δ T / /2001 Urban Population 93, , % 123, , , District Population 122, , % District Density (persons/ha) % District Built-up Area (km2), Est % District Built-up Area (km2), Est % Source:1. Daniel Civco, Classification of Urban Land Cover for selected cities in Ecuador, 2006, 2. Solly Angel, Ecuador PPT 2, Dic Future Boundary and Road Network ACTUAL AREA: 3132 Has FUTURE EXPANSION: 2465 Has 44% ACTUAL BOUNDARY 8

9 Area for road network Chosen Grid 9

10 Subcomponent 2.2. Progressive urbanization through strategic partnerships pilot - The proposed intervention works from the bottom up, with the participating municipality identifying existing communities who are interested in the scheme. - The municipality will provide TA to eligible communities to search for appropriate and affordable land sites (meeting eligibility criteria) and will pay the services of a designer to work with the community in developing a neighborhood blueprint. - The municipality will provide loans to families for land acquisition and provision of basic infrastructure. - The families will construct their houses and community infrastructure based on the plans developed with the designer. - The municipality will provide technical assistance for the self construction process. Progressive urbanization through strategic partnerships pilot: premises This is a pilot component The component looks to solve a problem known in game theory as the prisoner s dilemma in which, interested parties would be better off acting as a group than as individuals, but cannot do so due to lack of information. The municipality should only play a facilitator role in the provision of shelter Subsidies should be minimized and if possible, eliminated The land should be acquired at market value An existing community is needed in order to ensure: (i) adequate targeting from the beginning; and (ii) appropriate community participation 10

11 Subcomponent 2.3. Streamlining land titling mechanisms In this component, improvements to current procedures for land titling will be studied, implemented and institutionalized. Each participating municipality will create a minimal team to carry out reforms of municipal ordinances, drafting of new ordinances, marketing, and dissemination programs. Basic premises This is a pilot component The component looks to solve the problem of excessively long and complicated administrative mechanisms involved in land titling. Land titling substantially improves economic opportunities of low-income families. 11