Recent State of Renewable Energy Implementation in Turkey

Transcription

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering Marmara University Faculty of Engineering Goztepe-Istanbul Turkey Tel: , Fax: ,, Recent State of Renewable Energy Implementation in Turkey Tanay Sidki Uyar Marmara University Faculty of Engineering Presentation to Workshop: "Data Gathering on Renewable Energies for the New Member States and Candidate Countries" November 2007, Istanbul, Turkey Department of Mechanical Engineering Marmara University Faculty of Engineering Goztepe-Istanbul Turkey Tel: , Fax: ,, Total energy consumption-turkey 90 Renewables Million tonnes of oil equivalents Coal and lignite Gas Oil

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering Marmara University Faculty of Engineering Goztepe-Istanbul Turkey Tel: , Fax: ,, Geothermal 0% LPG 0% NAFTA 0% TURKISH ENERGY GENERATION Hydro 19% Wind 0% Fuel Oil 4% Motorin 0% Coal 2% Imported coal 6% Lignite 20% Ren+waste 0% Other 0% Natural gas 49% INSTALLED CAPACITY OF TURKEY SOURCE: Turkish Electricity Transmission Company Institutions Electricity Generation Co. Inc. Other public sector generation companies TOOR Mobile BOO BOT Private generation Autoproducers TOTAL SHARE (%) GEOT HER MAL. 15,0 8,0 23,0 0,1 RENEWA BLES & WASTE 8,0 34,7 42,7 0,1 OTHER THERMA L , ,0 620,0 262, , , , , ,0 66,6 HYDROELECTRIC RESERVOIR ,3 52,7 772,0 540, ,0 30,1 RIVER 453,0 58,6 30,1 210,0 356,0 22, ,5 2,8 WIND 17,4 109,6 1,2 128,2 0,3 GENERAL TOTAL , ,3 650,1 262, , , , , ,3 %100 MW SHARE % 49,2 9,8 1,6 0,6 15,0 6,0 8,9 8,9

3 Average Energy Prices Electricity Prices

4 Official Targets Building 5000 MW Nuclear Building Lignite Thermal Power Plants with capacity > 1000 MW Full utilization of hydraulic resources Installation of minimum 3000 MW wind turbines Full utilization of geothermal resources Contribution of renewable energy sources to total energy consumption-turkey 20.0 Shares in total energy consumption (%) Solar Wind Geothermal Hydro Biomass and waste

5 Wind Potential of Turkey The northwest Turkey, including the area around the Sea of Marmara and the western coast and southeastern Anatolia have been identified as most promising locations for wind power generation. Technical Potential Economic Potential : MW : MW Wind Energy Resource Map of Turkey

6 Problems about wind energy based generation facilities Financial problems Construction and permission period is long Insufficiency in transmission infrastructure Turbine supply. Excessive demand and turbine prices increase about 20% in the past 2 years. Market Players Operating Wind Farms 120MW Demirer & Enercon - Çeşme 2006? 32,65% Altınyunus Hotel 198x 0,05% Güçbirliği - Alaçatı ,00% Sunjüt - İstanbul ,25% Bilgin - Bandirma ,99% Demirer - Çeşme ,25% Demirer & Ado - Intepe ,32% Demirer & Enercon - Bozcaada ,50%

7 Wind Energy Bares A.Ş. Balıkesir Bandırma / 30 MW Doğal A.Ş. Çanakkale-Gelibolu / 14,9 MW Anemon A.Ş. Çanakkale-İntepe / 30,4 MW Ertürk A.Ş. İstanbul Silivri / 0,85 MW Ertürk A.Ş. İstanbul Çatalca / 60 MW Lodos A.Ş. İstanbul-G.O.P. / 24 MW Sunjüt A.Ş. İstanbul-Hadımköy / 1,2 MW Sagap A.Ş. Bilecik / 67 MW Bores A.Ş. Çanakkale-Bozcaada / 10,2 MW Baki A.Ş. Balıkesir Şamlı /90 MW Ak-El A.Ş. İzmir K. Paşa / 66,66 MW Alize A.Ş. İzmir-Çeşme / 1,5 MW Ares A.Ş. İzmir-Çeşme / 7,2 MW Mare A.Ş. İzmir-Çeşme / 39,2 MW İnnores A.Ş. İzmir-Aliağa / 42,5 MW Sabaş A.Ş. Aydın-Çine / 19,5 MW Rotor A.Ş. Osmaniye Bahçe / 130 MW Doğal A.Ş. Manisa-Akhisar / 30,4 MW Finished Under construction BOT Deniz A.Ş. Manisa-Akhisar / 10,8 MW Ezse A.Ş. Hatay Türbe / 35,1 MW Ezse A.Ş. Hatay Samandağ / 22,5 MW Deniz A.Ş. Hatay Samandağ / 30 MW How many kwh s s can be produced in Turkey with wind energy? Limits of wind energy Wind Land / offshore area Electrical network Investing environment

8 Electrical Network App. 5000MW wind farms can be integrated to the existing network Until efficient and economical energy storage system are developed Cost break out Wind Natural Gas investment fuel operation investment fuel operation

9 Effects of High Investment and no fuel cost High employment Independent of oil price fluctuation Independent of foreign suppliers More dependent on investment environment and interest rates GWh Cumulative Production in Bozcaada Island 40, , , , , , , yılı 2001 yılı 2002 yılı 2003 yılı 2004 yılı 5, Temmuz Ağustos Ey lül Ek im Kasım Aralık Ocak Şubat Mart Nisan Mayı s Haziran Temmuz

10 Hydro Power Turkey is largely dependent on hydropower to meet its electricity needs and 40 percent of its total installed capacity is hydroelectric. The current total capacity of hydroelectric plants is 12.4 GW. This capacity is projected to rise to 18.8 GW in Hydroelectric Potential of Turkey Gross potential : 433 billion kwh/year, Technical potential : 216 billion kwh/year Economic Potential : 126 billion kwh/year Utilization rate : % 36

11 Development of Hydroelectric Generation Year Installed Capacity (MW) billion kwh/year economical hydroelectrical potential current phases İin operation % 35 (44388 GWh) Different phases % 56 (70876GWh) Being constructed %9 (10845 GWh) Share of Small Hydro is about 3 %

12 2004 Generation costs of solar electricity from large central PV power station (5 MWp) EU25 Average Electricity Price system costs: 4 eur/wp capital investment payback time: 20 years interest rate: 3% inflation: 2% yearly maintenance costs 1% of the investment mounting at an optimum angle Solar Thermal and solar PV Technical Potential in Turkey Residences 324 km2 Office and Service Buildings 37 km2 Industrial Buildings 33 km2 Total Building Surface 394 km2 potential for PV Installed power is MWp Annual energy production GWh This shows that we can supply 26 % of the consumption of the year 2002 by PV systems

13 GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL MAP FOR TURKEY Electricity Space He. Greenhous Industry Heat Pump Eris and Ozgur, 1994; Erisen et al., 1996; Mertoglu, 1998; Kocar and Eltez, 1998; Hepbasli and Ertoz, 1999 (Gunerhan, Kocar, Hepbasli, 2000) Geothermal Facilities Dardanel A.Ş. Çanakkale Ayvacık / 7,5 MW Gürmat A.Ş. Aydın-Germencik / 45 MW Menderes A.Ş. Aydın-Sultanhisar / 7,95 MW Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. Denizli-Sarayköy / 15 MW Bereket A.Ş. Denizli-Sarayköy / 6,85 MW Finished Under Construction

14 Law on Utilization of Renewable Energy Resources for the Purpose of Generating Electrical Energy National Programme, Energy chapter Published in Official Gazette on May 18, 2005 Facilities based on RES commissoned before types of support 1. Investment period Land, investment 2. Operation period Purchase guarantee (Distribution companies holding retail sale license) Price Guarantee (Turkish average wholesale electricity price-between 5 and 5.5 eurocents/kwh) Renewable Energy Law of Turkey Allows the wind produced electricity to be supplied to the grid Pays only the average market price of electricity purchase Provides conditions for implementation only in best wind potential sites Does not support PV Implementation and wind energy in less favourable sites Needs to be improved

15 Legal Basis Related legislation for construction, environment, expropriation, etc. Energy Market Law Law No.: 4628 Electricity Market Regulation Renewable Energy Support Law Law No.: 5346 Investment Models 1. Generation According to Article 17 of the License Regulation, the generation licensees may engage in the activities of construction and commissioning of genera-tion facilities, electricity generation, sale of the generated electricity to con-sumers. 2. Autoproduction According to Article 33 of the license regulation, autoproducer licensees may engage in the establishment of generation facilities in order to meet their own needs and, in cases of excess generation, the sale of up to 20% of the generated electricity to other licensees and eligible consumers

16 Arguments for Renewables High costs Intermittent supply Access to grid RENEWABLE ENERGY LICENSE STATUTE APPLICATION ASSESSMENT APPROVAL LICENSE TOTAL # MW # MW # MW # MW # MW WIND , , ,861.4 GEOTHERMAL WASTE GAS (LFG) WASTE GAS (GASIFICATION) BIOGAS BIOMASS BIOMASS+SOLAR TOTAL , , ,005.3

17 License Applications for Hydroelectric Generation Application >100 Application Application Application License Applications Wind (6700 MW) SAGAP 8% Deryalar 8% Others 41% Demirer Holding & Aff. 7% Bilgin 7% Iberdrola 6% Bereket 4% GY Danışmanlık 4% Ataseven 4% Borasco 5% AS-Makinsan 6%

18 Granted Licenses Wind(1420 MW) Germania Windpark 20% Others 34% BEST A.Ş. 12% AS Makinsan 7% Rotor A.Ş. 10% Demirer Holding & Affiliates 8% Kazancı Holding 9% MW

19 Applications based on wind energy taken on November 1, applications MW 171 applications more than 100 MW 1 application for 3000 MW in İzmir Province İzmir Balıkesir İçel Çanakkale İstanbul Kırklareli # MW 12748,4 8626,1 7799,2 7712,4 7313, Hatay ,5 Solutions and Opportunities EU parliament s s resolution 2004/2153 (INI)" demands 20% of renewables in 2020, leading to approximately MW of wind power in Turkey Short-term: term: Wind power plants will play a major role in closing the electricity supply gap from 2007 to 2014, leading to investment opportunities of more than 6 billion Medium-term: 20% of renewables in 2020 obligation by EU, leading to investment opportunities of more than 12 billion