The World's Columbian Exposition: Captive Balloon

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1 The World's Columbian Exposition: Captive Balloon In the 1890's the United States had progressed in many great feats, one of them was being able to hold the marvelous and enlightening World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois in This particular Exposition, which is one of many, celebrated the 400th anniversary landing of Christopher Columbus to America 1. The World Fair exhibited millions of new innovations and contraptions of all sizes and uses along with new ideas and naturalist progressive movements. Taking up somewhat unpleasant, grey and vegetation-less acres of land 2, the fair grounds soon were refurbished within three years beginning in 1980, the year the Chicago Tribune had announced he grand news 3. Many obstacles occurred, for example heavy winds and storms, causing the progress of uplifting the architecture of the fair become inactive. Soon, within these three years, the pearl architecture and organization had outdone most other World Fairs, fabricating the mass excitement for the inauguration and the nickname "White City." On the opening day in the spring of May, 1893, the numerous estimations of attendance at the fair was between 500,000 to 620,000 or even more than a quarter of a million 4. Many of those visitors underwent encounters with Innovations such as a salt 1 Chicago Historical Society, "The Worlds Columbian Exposition", Chicago History Museum, Accessed February 26, 2014, 2 Erik Larson, The Devil In The White City: Murder, Magic and Madness At The Fair That Changed America New York: Random House Inc ibid, ibid, 239

2 stone replica of the Statue of Liberty, the Krupp Pavilion filled with arsenals, Buffalo Bill's Wild West and Melville Dewey, the creator of the Dewey Decimal System, presenting the vertical file 5. One of the ceaselessly prominent exhibits, apart from the Farris Wheel and the Palace of Fine Arts was the well named "Chicago" Captive Balloon. This balloon was mostly centered in the Midway Plaisance, the hub of cultural diversity of the fair. Being a mile west of Jackson Park, the Midway was full of entertainment from the Farris Wheel to the Captive Balloon before it was torn by the gale and collapsed because of financial panic. 6 Even though the balloon terminated any future rides, it became a large attraction to ride in and to understand how it worked. The Chicago Balloon was filled with 100,000 cubic feet of hydrogen and controlled by rope, or a tether. It flew to an altitude of one thousand feet and could make thirty-five trips in one afternoon. When storms would appear, aerialists and supervisor would have to reel the balloon and wait until the storm would cease to even consider flying it aloft again. 7 Major Thomas Scott Baldwin flew and supervised this grand balloon which was was of the first war balloons owned by the United States Army 8. He was a well known American aerospace pioneer who worked on innovating parachutes after his acrobatics 5 6 ibid, 248 Rebecca Edwards, "New Spirits: The Dream City (The Midway Plaisance)", Oxford University Press 2010, Erik Larson, The Devil In The White City, 299 Howard Lee Scamhorn, Balloons to Jets: A Century of Aeronautics in Illinois, , (Thomas Scott Baldwin: The Columbus of the Air), Illionis, 2000, 176

3 became a lost hobby, therefore his position was crucial with the government in these captive balloons for quite some time. 9 especially since he has worked The first Captive balloon, or hot air balloon as we associate them today, was Paris. 10 Soon this frenzy of flying the skies in balloons scampered across the world and sparked the United States for Military use. Most of these U.S. Captive Balloons were used for extensive observation and weapon spotting in World War I. Unfortunately, during the Second World War they were very venerable and withdrawn to become only a distraction for German aviators 11. Currently Captive Balloons or Hot Air Balloons would be used for minimal observation, entertainment and sightseeing, weather and many other practices. 9 Quincy Herald-Whig, Once Upon a Time in Quincy: Thomas S. Baldwin, Luckiest Man in Quincy, updated November 24, 2011, created and flown in the Enlightenment Era in 1782 by Joseph-Michel and Jacques- Etienne Montgolfier; These two sibling, Frenchman aviators completed a series of experiments with fabrics and would use hot air from a fire of wool and wet straw to inflate these cloths. The Montgolfier Brothers soon were able to demonstrate the flight of the balloon, or Le Revellion, in the presence of King Louis XVI and the royal family in 10 Chateu De Versailles, "The First Aerostatic Flight", Accessed March 1, 2014, en.chateauversailles.fr/history/versailles-during-the-centuries/living-at-the-court/the-firstaerostatic-flight 11 Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica, "Captive Balloon", Accessed Feb. 28th, 2014,

4 From France, to the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago, the Captive balloon has soared around the world and captured many hearts in America in gratitude to the Exposition.

5 Maggii Rodriguez Bibliography Larson, Erik. The Devil In The White City: Murder, Magic and Madness At The Fair That Changed America. New York: Random House Inc Chicago Historical Society. The World's Columbian Exposition. Chicago Accessed Feb. 26, 2014 ( Edwards, Rebecca. "New Spirits: The Dream City (The Midway Plaisance)". Oxford University Press Accessed Feb. 28th. plaisance.html Scamhorn Howard L. Balloons to Jets: A Century of Aeronautics in Illinois, , (Thomas Scott Baldwin: The Columbus of the Air). Illionis, 2000 Herald-Whig, Quincy. Once Upon a Time in Quincy: Thomas S. Baldwin, Luckiest Man in Quincy Accessed Feb. 29th baldwin_thomas_scott.ptf Chateu De Versailles. "The First Aerostatic Flight". Accessed Feb. 29th en.chateauversailles.fr/history/versailles-during-the-centuries/living-at-the-court/the-firstaerostatic-flight Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Captive Balloon", Accessed Feb. 28th.

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