UK System Dynamics Society Chapter: Student Colloquium 2016,London, Friday 15 th April 2016
|
|
- Griffin McDowell
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 UK System Dynamics Society Chapter: Student Colloquium 2016,London, Friday 15 th April 2016 Neil Smith, Plymouth University Business School A small-world Stock-Flow Consistent (SFC) economics flight simulator in system dynamics with questions of methodology, pedagogy and impact
2 A small-world Stock-Flow Consistent (SFC) economics flight simulator in system dynamics with questions of methodology, pedagogy and impact Abstract, small-world economic system dynamics model Godley & Lavoie s (2007) simplest model of a Stock-Flow Consistent monetary economy Both system dynamics and SFC modelling introduced and simulated in simplest circular-flow model. A management flight simulator is offered to allow classroom demonstration and manipulation. Textbook economic theory: axiomatic-deduction abstraction from complexity telling stories with parsimonious small-world models Stock-Flow Consistent (SFC) economic modelling: Rigorously accounted, stylized monetary economies Mesoeconomic structure limits degrees of freedom System dynamics offers economics: intuition more empirical induction less abstraction, more complexity dynamics and disequilibrium expanded choice of technique/method and real-world application however, does not dictate necessary expansion of model boundaries simple abstract models remain essential tools of education and persuasion
3 Principal Literature Godley, W. & Lavoie, M. (2007) Monetary Economics: An Integrated Approach to Credit, Money, Income, Production and Wealth. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Andresen, T. (ND) 'A block diagram approach to macroeconomic dynamics, and why IS/LM is fatally flawed'. Trondheim, Norway: The Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Keen, S. (2015) 'Minsky: Extending System Dynamics to easily handle financial flows', UK Chapter of the System Dynamics Society. London School of Economics 26th-27th March Campiglio, E. (2012) 'Modelling the Great Transition', UK Chapter of the System Dynamics Society. South Bank University, London 9 th - 10th February Jackson, T. & Victor, P. (2015) Towards a stock-flow consistent ecological macroeconomics: An overview of the FALSTAFF framework with some illustrative results. United Nations Environment Programme. Yamaguchi, K. (2014) Money and Macroeconomic Dynamics: Accounting System Dynamics Approach. Japan Futures Research Center. Radzicki, M. J. (2011) 'System Dynamics and Its Contribution to Economics and Economic Modelling'. in Meyers, R.A. (ed.) Complex Systems in Finance and Econometrics. New York: Springer, pp Saeed, K. (2008) Limits to Growth Concepts in Classical Economics. Worcester, MA: Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Saeed, K. (2014) 'Jay Forrester's operational approach to economics'. System Dynamics Review, 30 (4). pp Wheat, I. D. (2007a) The Feedback Method: A System Dynamics Approach to Teaching Macroeconomics. University of Bergen. Wheat, I. D. (2007b) 'The feedback method of teaching macroeconomics: is it effective?'. System Dynamics Review, 23 (4). pp Harvey, J. T. (2013) 'Keynes's trade cycle: a system dynamics model'. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 36 (1). pp
4 Traditional textbook approach in macroeconomics In particular critiqued by Wheat (2007a, 2007b)
5 Origins of Circular Flow in macroeconomics John Law (1705) (see Murphy 1993) Landlord Richard Cantillon c.1755 Paper money for rent Paper money for commodities Farmers Paper money for food Manufacturing Workers Murphy, A. E. (1993) 'John Law and Richard Cantillon on the circular flow of income'. The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 1 (1). pp Cantillon, R. (1755 [2010]) An Essay on Economic Theory. Ludwig von Mises Institute. An English translation of Richard Cantillon s Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général.
6 Samuelson s canonical circular flow diagram (1948) Wages, interest, etc Productive services BUSINESS PUBLIC Goods and services Consumption purchases what appear to be two tanks linked by pipes through which water (income) could flow Cf. the Phillips Machine (1949) Backhouse, R. E. & Giraud, Y. (2010) 'Circular flow diagrams'. in Blaug, M. and Lloyd, P. (eds.) Famous Figures and Diagrams in Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
7 I have found out what economics is; it is the science of confusing stocks with flows. Michal Kalecki c1936, quoted in Godley & Lavoie (2007) Godley, W. & Lavoie, M. (2007) Monetary Economics: An Integrated Approach to Credit, Money, Income, Production and Wealth. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
8 Godley & Lavoie s simplest model: Model SIM matrices and equations Balance sheet of Model SIM Households Production Government Σ Money Stock H 0 -H 0 Accounting (transactions) matrix for Model SIM Households Production Government Σ Consumption -C C 0 Govt. expenditures G -G 0 [Output] Factor income (wages) WB -WB 0 Taxes -T T 0 Change in stock of money - H H 0 Σ Behavioural (transactions) matrix for Model SIM [Y] Households Production Government Σ Consumption -C d C s 0 Govt. expenditures G s -G d 0 [Output] Factor income (wages) W.N s -W.N d 0 Taxes -T s T d 0 Change in stock of money - H h H s 0 Σ [Y] 3.1 C s = C d 3.2 G s = G d 3.3 T s = T d 3.4 N s = N d 3.5 YD = W N s T s 3.6 T d = θ W N s θ < C d = α 1 YD α 2 H h 1 0 < α 2 < α 1 < H s = H s H s 1 = Gd Td 3.9 H h = H h H h 1 = YD Cd 3.10 Y = C s G s 3.11a Y = W N d 3.11 N d = Y / W 3.12 H h = H s
9 Stocks of High-powered money (i.e. household wealth / government debt) Source: AnyLogic NB in this model: The government will always have negative financial wealth (i.e. debt) the only money is government high-powered money; the government sector prints and destroys its own IOUs so no external monetary source or sink in the model. (By assumption) producers do not accumulate wealth Godley, W. & Lavoie, M. (2007) Monetary Economics: An Integrated Approach to Credit, Money, Income, Production and Wealth. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
10 Flows of money.?
11 Information flows/links.? Taxation function Consumption function Government budget constraint Household budget constraint
12 The circular flow of money sector
13 Government sets a level of annual spending, G d (20 in the model), and chooses a tax rate, θ (20% in the model). Taxation function Consumption function Government budget constraint Household budget constraint Consumers choose to consume a portion (α 1 ) of their disposable income and portion (α 2 ) of their wealth (this implies a target wealth-to-disposable income ratio (α 3 ), given by the equation α 3 = (1 α 1 )/α 2 ).
14 Model boundaries and observations Endogenous Exogenous Excluded GDP / Output (Y) Fiscal stance (tax & spending) Banks (inc. Central) Budget deficit / surplus Consumption propensities Corporate Profits Government debt Implied target wealth-to-income ratio Lending & borrowing Consumer wealth Debt-to-GDP ratio Wealth-to-income ratio Prices/inflation Overseas sector Tangible assets or goods Model demonstrates (see Godley & Lavoie, p. 68 ff) Steady-state GDP is function of fiscal stance (specifically G/θ ) Steady-state ( equilibrium?) may take several years to attain Steady-state = balanced budget and no consumer saving/dissaving flows Government debt-to-gdp ratio is driven primarily by consumer desire to accumulate financial wealth If consumers wish to attain a higher wealth/income ratio, govt. debt/gdp ratios will rise. Government attempts to lower debt-to-gdp ratio (ceteris paribus) by: i. Increased taxation: will eventually work, but reduce steady-state GDP; ii. Spending cuts: will fail*, but lead to a permanent drop in GDP. * Cutting spending reduces government debt, but GDP falls faster than debt is reduced assuming consumers base decision on levels of disposable income.
15 G = 20 in period 1 (instigates circular flow) Taxes Household Wealth Household Saving/dissaving Austerity spending cut in period 31 Tax increase in period 51 Government Wealth Government Surplus/deficit GDP Household Wealth/YD ratio Disposable Income Consumption Household Wealth/income ratio Govt Debt/GDP Ratio
16 Consumer wealth decreases over time as government debt is reduced. In period 73 consumers increase propensity to consume out of income (implicitly reducing target wealth/yd ratio) spike in GDP is eliminated over time as stock-flow norm reasserts itself.
17 Thank you for listening. Questions or comments?
AS Economics. Introductory Macroeconomics. Sixth Form pre-reading
AS Economics Introductory Macroeconomics Sixth Form pre-reading National income National income (Y) = money value of goods and services produced in an economy over a period of time, usually one year. National
More informationCHAPTER 7: AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY
CHAPTER 7: AGGREGATE DEMAND AND AGGREGATE SUPPLY Learning goals of this chapter: What forces bring persistent and rapid expansion of real GDP? What causes inflation? Why do we have business cycles? How
More informationName: Date: 3. Variables that a model tries to explain are called: A. endogenous. B. exogenous. C. market clearing. D. fixed.
Name: Date: 1 A measure of how fast prices are rising is called the: A growth rate of real GDP B inflation rate C unemployment rate D market-clearing rate 2 Compared with a recession, real GDP during a
More informationSection 4: Adding Government and Money
Section 4: Adding and Money Ec 123 April 2009 Outline This Section Fiscal Policy Money Next Keynesian Economics Recessions Problem Set 1 due Tuesday in class Fiscal Policy Fiscal Policy is the use of the
More informationUNIT 1 THE CONCEPTS OF MACROECONOMICS
Macroeconomic Principles and Issues UNIT 1 THE CONCEPTS OF MACROECONOMICS Contents Page 1.1 Introduction to the Course 3 1.2 Introduction to this Unit 6 1.3 Gross Domestic Product 7 1.4 Demand, Supply
More information7 AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND* Chapter. Key Concepts
Chapter 7 AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND* Key Concepts Aggregate Supply The aggregate production function shows that the quantity of real GDP (Y ) supplied depends on the quantity of labor (L ),
More informationA decline in the stock market, which makes consumers poorer, would cause the aggregate demand curve to shift to the left.
Economics 304 Final Exam Fall 2000 PART I: TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. (1.5 pts. each) A decline in the stock market, which makes consumers poorer,
More information= C + I + G + NX ECON 302. Lecture 4: Aggregate Expenditures/Keynesian Model: Equilibrium in the Goods Market/Loanable Funds Market
Intermediate Macroeconomics Lecture 4: Introduction to the Goods Market Review of the Aggregate Expenditures model and the Keynesian Cross ECON 302 Professor Yamin Ahmad Components of Aggregate Demand
More informationPreparation course MSc Business & Econonomics- Macroeconomics: Introduction & Concepts
Preparation course MSc Business & Econonomics- Macroeconomics: Introduction & Concepts Tom-Reiel Heggedal Economics Department 2014 TRH (Institute) Intro&Concepts 2014 1 / 20 General Information Me: Tom-Reiel
More informationIntroduction to Macroeconomics TOPIC 2: The Goods Market
TOPIC 2: The Goods Market Annaïg Morin CBS - Department of Economics August 2013 Goods market Road map: 1. Demand for goods 1.1. Components 1.1.1. Consumption 1.1.2. Investment 1.1.3. Government spending
More informationFiscal Stimulus Improves Solvency in a Depressed Economy
Fiscal Stimulus Improves Solvency in a Depressed Economy Dennis Leech Economics Department and Centre for Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy University of Warwick d.leech@warwick.ac.uk Published
More informationEC201 Intermediate Macroeconomics. EC201 Intermediate Macroeconomics Problem Set 1 Solution
EC201 Intermediate Macroeconomics EC201 Intermediate Macroeconomics Problem Set 1 Solution 1) Given the difference between Gross Domestic Product and Gross National Product for a given economy: a) Provide
More informationChapter 9 Aggregate Demand and Economic Fluctuations Macroeconomics In Context (Goodwin, et al.)
Chapter 9 Aggregate Demand and Economic Fluctuations Macroeconomics In Context (Goodwin, et al.) Chapter Overview This chapter first introduces the analysis of business cycles, and introduces you to the
More informationChapter 9. The IS-LM/AD-AS Model: A General Framework for Macroeconomic Analysis. 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved
Chapter 9 The IS-LM/AD-AS Model: A General Framework for Macroeconomic Analysis Chapter Outline The FE Line: Equilibrium in the Labor Market The IS Curve: Equilibrium in the Goods Market The LM Curve:
More informationThis paper is not to be removed from the Examination Halls
This paper is not to be removed from the Examination Halls UNIVERSITY OF LONDON EC2065 ZA BSc degrees and Diplomas for Graduates in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences, the Diplomas
More informationBADM 527, Fall 2013. Midterm Exam 2. Multiple Choice: 3 points each. Answer the questions on the separate bubble sheet. NAME
BADM 527, Fall 2013 Name: Midterm Exam 2 November 7, 2013 Multiple Choice: 3 points each. Answer the questions on the separate bubble sheet. NAME 1. According to classical theory, national income (Real
More informationSample Question Paper (Set-2) Economics (030) Class XII (2015-16) Section A: Microeconomics
Sample Question Paper (Set-2) Economics (030) Class XII (2015-16) Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100 Instructions: 1. All questions in both sections are compulsory. However, there is internal choice in
More information2 0 0 0 E D I T I O N CLEP O F F I C I A L S T U D Y G U I D E. The College Board. College Level Examination Program
2 0 0 0 E D I T I O N CLEP O F F I C I A L S T U D Y G U I D E College Level Examination Program The College Board Principles of Macroeconomics Description of the Examination The Subject Examination in
More informationExam 1 Review. 3. A severe recession is called a(n): A) depression. B) deflation. C) exogenous event. D) market-clearing assumption.
Exam 1 Review 1. Macroeconomics does not try to answer the question of: A) why do some countries experience rapid growth. B) what is the rate of return on education. C) why do some countries have high
More informationSRAS. is less than Y P
KrugmanMacro_SM_Ch12.qxp 11/15/05 3:18 PM Page 141 Fiscal Policy 1. The accompanying diagram shows the current macroeconomic situation for the economy of Albernia. You have been hired as an economic consultant
More informationIn this chapter we learn the potential causes of fluctuations in national income. We focus on demand shocks other than supply shocks.
Chapter 11: Applying IS-LM Model In this chapter we learn the potential causes of fluctuations in national income. We focus on demand shocks other than supply shocks. We also learn how the IS-LM model
More informationFiscal Consolidation During a Depression
NIESR Fiscal Consolidation During a Depression Nitika Bagaria*, Dawn Holland** and John van Reenen* *London School of Economics **National Institute of Economic and Social Research October 2012 Project
More informationEcon 303: Intermediate Macroeconomics I Dr. Sauer Sample Questions for Exam #3
Econ 303: Intermediate Macroeconomics I Dr. Sauer Sample Questions for Exam #3 1. When firms experience unplanned inventory accumulation, they typically: A) build new plants. B) lay off workers and reduce
More information6. Budget Deficits and Fiscal Policy
Prof. Dr. Thomas Steger Advanced Macroeconomics II Lecture SS 2012 6. Budget Deficits and Fiscal Policy Introduction Ricardian equivalence Distorting taxes Debt crises Introduction (1) Ricardian equivalence
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Suvey of Macroeconomics, MBA 641 Fall 2006, Final Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Modern macroeconomics emerged from
More informationPrep. Course Macroeconomics
Prep. Course Macroeconomics Intertemporal consumption and saving decision; Ramsey model Tom-Reiel Heggedal tom-reiel.heggedal@bi.no BI 2014 Heggedal (BI) Savings & Ramsey 2014 1 / 30 Overview this lecture
More informationSimulating the impact of austerity on the Irish economy using a Stock-Flow Consistent model
16 th Research Network Macroeconomics and Macroeconomic Policies (FMM) conference on The State of Economics after the Crisis 25 27 October 212, Berlin Simulating the impact of austerity on the Irish economy
More informationChapter 18 of Blink and Dorton s IB Course Companion for Economics Section 3.4 of Matt McGee s Economics in Terms of the Good, the Bad and the
Chapter 18 of Blink and Dorton s IB Course Companion for Economics Section 3.4 of Matt McGee s Economics in Terms of the Good, the Bad and the Economist Section 3 of Constantine Ziogas IB Study Guide :
More informationTHE KEYNESIAN MULTIPLIER EFFECT RECONSIDERED
Discussion Paper No. 730 THE KEYNESIAN MULTIPLIER EFFECT RECONSIDERED Yoshiyasu Ono January 2009 The Institute of Social and Economic Research Osaka University 6-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Econ 111 Summer 2007 Final Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The classical dichotomy allows us to explore economic growth
More informationLecture 9: Keynesian Models
Lecture 9: Keynesian Models Professor Eric Sims University of Notre Dame Fall 2009 Sims (Notre Dame) Keynesian Fall 2009 1 / 23 Keynesian Models The de ning features of RBC models are: Markets clear Money
More information2.If actual investment is greater than planned investment, inventories increase more than planned. TRUE.
Macro final exam study guide True/False questions - Solutions Case, Fair, Oster Chapter 8 Aggregate Expenditure and Equilibrium Output 1.Firms react to unplanned inventory investment by reducing output.
More informationManfred Gartner. University of St Gallen, Switzerland. An imprint of Pearson Education
Manfred Gartner University of St Gallen, Switzerland An imprint of Pearson Education Harlow, England London New York Reading, Massachusetts San Francisco Toronto Don Mills, Ontario Sydney Tokyo Singapore
More informationRefer to Figure 17-1
Chapter 17 1. Inflation can be measured by the a. change in the consumer price index. b. percentage change in the consumer price index. c. percentage change in the price of a specific commodity. d. change
More informationECONOMIC QUESTIONS FOR THE MASTER'S EXAM
ECONOMIC QUESTIONS FOR THE MASTER'S EXAM Introduction 1. What is economics? Discuss the purpose and method of work of economists. Consider observation, induction, deduction and scientific criticism. 2.
More informationECON 3312 Macroeconomics Exam 3 Fall 2014. Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
ECON 3312 Macroeconomics Exam 3 Fall 2014 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Everything else held constant, an increase in net
More informationGovernment Budget and Fiscal Policy CHAPTER
Government Budget and Fiscal Policy 11 CHAPTER The National Budget The national budget is the annual statement of the government s expenditures and tax revenues. Fiscal policy is the use of the federal
More informationEcon 336 - Spring 2007 Homework 5
Econ 336 - Spring 2007 Homework 5 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The real exchange rate, q, is defined as A) E times P B)
More informationProblem Set #4: Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand Econ 100B: Intermediate Macroeconomics
roblem Set #4: Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand Econ 100B: Intermediate Macroeconomics 1) Explain the differences between demand-pull inflation and cost-push inflation. Demand-pull inflation results
More informationIntroduction to Macroeconomics 1012 Final Exam Spring 2013 Instructor: Elsie Sawatzky
Introduction to Macroeconomics 1012 Final Exam Spring 2013 Instructor: Elsie Sawatzky Name Time: 2 hours Marks: 80 Multiple choice questions 1 mark each and a choice of 2 out of 3 short answer question
More informationUse the following to answer question 9: Exhibit: Keynesian Cross
1. Leading economic indicators are: A) the most popular economic statistics. B) data that are used to construct the consumer price index and the unemployment rate. C) variables that tend to fluctuate in
More informationAggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and the Self-Correcting Economy
Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply, and the Self-Correcting Economy The Role of Aggregate Demand & Supply Endogenizing the Price Level Inflation Deflation Price Stability The Aggregate Demand Curve Relates
More informationEcon 202 H01 Final Exam Spring 2005
Econ202Final Spring 2005 1 Econ 202 H01 Final Exam Spring 2005 1. Which of the following tends to reduce the size of a shift in aggregate demand? a. the multiplier effect b. the crowding-out effect c.
More informationMACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS PROPOSALS TO PROVIDE $500 BILLION IN TAX RELIEF
MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS PROPOSALS TO PROVIDE $500 BILLION IN TAX RELIEF Prepared by the Staff of the JOINT COMMITTEE ON TAXATION March 1, 2005 JCX-4-05 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...
More informationa) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis
a) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis Determinants of AD: Aggregate demand is the total demand in the economy. It measures spending on goods and services by consumers, firms, the
More informationCHAPTER 5. CIRCULAR FLOW MODELS
HAPTER 5. RULAR FLOW MODEL The behavior of a macroeconomic system is determined by the interactions of a great many actors and institutions. The first step in studying an economy is to simplify the picture
More information0 100 200 300 Real income (Y)
Lecture 11-1 6.1 The open economy, the multiplier, and the IS curve Assume that the economy is either closed (no foreign trade) or open. Assume that the exchange rates are either fixed or flexible. Assume
More informationHouseholds Wages, profit, interest, rent = $750. Factor markets. Wages, profit, interest, rent = $750
KrugmanMacro_SM_Ch07.qxp 11/9/05 4:47 PM Page 87 Tracking the Macroeconomy 1. Below is a simplified circular-flow diagram for the economy of Micronia. a. What is the value of GDP in Micronia? b. What is
More informationCHAPTER 11. AN OVEVIEW OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND QUARTERLY MODEL OF THE (BEQM)
1 CHAPTER 11. AN OVEVIEW OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND QUARTERLY MODEL OF THE (BEQM) This model is the main tool in the suite of models employed by the staff and the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) in the construction
More informationThinkwell s Homeschool Economics Course Lesson Plan: 36 weeks
Thinkwell s Homeschool Economics Course Lesson Plan: 36 weeks Welcome to Thinkwell s Homeschool Economics! We re thrilled that you ve decided to make us part of your homeschool curriculum. This lesson
More informationIntroduction to Keynesian theory and Keynesian Economic Policies. Engelbert Stockhammer Kingston University
Introduction to Keynesian theory and Keynesian Economic Policies Engelbert Stockhammer Kingston University Outline foundations Fundamental uncertainty Social conflict Effective demand Macroeconomics Investment
More informationUniversity of Lethbridge Department of Economics ECON 1012 Introduction to Microeconomics Instructor: Michael G. Lanyi. Chapter 29 Fiscal Policy
University of Lethbridge Department of Economics ECON 1012 Introduction to Microeconomics Instructor: Michael G. Lanyi Chapter 29 Fiscal Policy 1) If revenues exceed outlays, the government's budget balance
More informationECO 2251 PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS I Section: TEWA Fall Semester 2010
ECO 2251 PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS I Section: TEWA Fall Semester 2010 Instructor: Course Prerequisites: Office Hours: Phillip Mixon Assistant Professor of Economics Center for International Business
More informationGeneral Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2013
General ertificate of Education dvanced Subsidiary Examination January 2013 Economics EON2 Unit 2 The National Economy Monday 28 January 2013 1.30 pm to 2.45 pm For this paper you must have: an objective
More informationChapter 10 Fiscal Policy Macroeconomics In Context (Goodwin, et al.)
Chapter 10 Fiscal Policy Macroeconomics In Context (Goodwin, et al.) Chapter Overview This chapter introduces you to a formal analysis of fiscal policy, and puts it in context with real-world data and
More informationChapter 13. Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Analysis
Chapter 13. Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply Analysis Instructor: JINKOOK LEE Department of Economics / Texas A&M University ECON 203 502 Principles of Macroeconomics In the short run, real GDP and
More informationThe Keynesian Cross. A Fixed Price Level. The Simplest Keynesian-Cross Model: Autonomous Consumption Only
The Keynesian Cross Some instructors like to develop a more detailed macroeconomic model than is presented in the textbook. This supplemental material provides a concise description of the Keynesian-cross
More informationLong run v.s. short run. Introduction. Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply. In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions:
33 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply R I N C I L E S O F ECONOMICS FOURTH EDITION N. GREGOR MANKIW Long run v.s. short run Long run growth: what determines long-run output (and the related employment
More informationWorking Paper No. 549. Excess Capital and Liquidity Management
Working Paper No. 549 Excess Capital and Liquidity Management by Jan Toporowski Economics Department, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London and the Research Centre for the History
More informationINTRODUCTION AGGREGATE DEMAND MACRO EQUILIBRIUM MACRO EQUILIBRIUM THE DESIRED ADJUSTMENT THE DESIRED ADJUSTMENT
Chapter 9 AGGREGATE DEMAND INTRODUCTION The Great Depression was a springboard for the Keynesian approach to economic policy. Keynes asked: What are the components of aggregate demand? What determines
More informationPolitics, Surpluses, Deficits, and Debt
Defining Surpluses and Debt Politics, Surpluses,, and Debt Chapter 11 A surplus is an excess of revenues over payments. A deficit is a shortfall of revenues relative to payments. 2 Introduction After having
More informationEconomics 101 Multiple Choice Questions for Final Examination Miller
Economics 101 Multiple Choice Questions for Final Examination Miller PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS EXAMINATION FORM. 1. Which of the following statements is correct? a. Real GDP is the total market value
More informationCHAPTER 5: MEASURING GDP AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
CHAPTER 5: MEASURING GDP AND ECONOMIC GROWTH Learning Goals for this Chapter: To know what we mean by GDP and to use the circular flow model to explain why GDP equals aggregate expenditure and aggregate
More informationThe Economic Environment for Business
B. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT 1. The economic environment for business 2. The nature and role of financial markets and institutions The Economic Environment for Business What are the targets of macroeconomic
More informationCan we rely upon fiscal policy estimates in countries with a tax evasion of 15% of GDP?
Can we rely upon fiscal policy estimates in countries with a tax evasion of 15% of GDP? Raffaella Basile, Ministry of Economy and Finance, Dept. of Treasury Bruno Chiarini, University of Naples Parthenope,
More informationVI. Real Business Cycles Models
VI. Real Business Cycles Models Introduction Business cycle research studies the causes and consequences of the recurrent expansions and contractions in aggregate economic activity that occur in most industrialized
More informationEcon 202 Final Exam. Table 3-1 Labor Hours Needed to Make 1 Pound of: Meat Potatoes Farmer 8 2 Rancher 4 5
Econ 202 Final Exam 1. If inflation expectations rise, the short-run Phillips curve shifts a. right, so that at any inflation rate unemployment is higher. b. left, so that at any inflation rate unemployment
More information. In this case the leakage effect of tax increases is mitigated because some of the reduction in disposable income would have otherwise been saved.
Chapter 4 Review Questions. Explain how an increase in government spending and an equal increase in lump sum taxes can generate an increase in equilibrium output. Under what conditions will a balanced
More informationEC2105, Professor Laury EXAM 2, FORM A (3/13/02)
EC2105, Professor Laury EXAM 2, FORM A (3/13/02) Print Your Name: ID Number: Multiple Choice (32 questions, 2.5 points each; 80 points total). Clearly indicate (by circling) the ONE BEST response to each
More informationQUIZ 3 14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics May 19, 2005. I. True/False (30 points)
QUIZ 3 14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics May 19, 2005 I. True/False (30 points) 1. A decrease in government spending and a real depreciation is the right policy mix to improve the trade balance without
More informationMEASURING GDP AND ECONOMIC GROWTH CHAPTER
MEASURING GDP AND ECONOMIC GROWTH CHAPTER Objectives After studying this chapter, you will able to Define GDP and use the circular flow model to explain why GDP equals aggregate expenditure and aggregate
More informationMoney and Public Finance
Money and Public Finance By Mr. Letlet August 1 In this anxious market environment, people lose their rationality with some even spreading false information to create trading opportunities. The tales about
More informationFISCAL POLICY* Chapter. Key Concepts
Chapter 11 FISCAL POLICY* Key Concepts The Federal Budget The federal budget is an annual statement of the government s expenditures and tax revenues. Using the federal budget to achieve macroeconomic
More informationMoney. 1 What is money? Spring 2013. 3 functions of money: Store of value Unit of account Medium of exchange
Money Spring 2013 1 What is money? 3 functions of money: Store of value Unit of account Medium of exchange Whether something is money is not always so clear: Physical bills and coins Balances on checking
More informationExpenditure Changing and Expenditure Switching policies. In an open economy setting, policymakers need to achieve two goals of
World Economy Expenditure Changing 1 Expenditure Changing and Expenditure Switching policies In an open economy setting, policymakers need to achieve two goals of macroeconomic stability, viz. internal
More informationThe Real Business Cycle model
The Real Business Cycle model Spring 2013 1 Historical introduction Modern business cycle theory really got started with Great Depression Keynes: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money Keynesian
More information13 EXPENDITURE MULTIPLIERS: THE KEYNESIAN MODEL* Chapter. Key Concepts
Chapter 3 EXPENDITURE MULTIPLIERS: THE KEYNESIAN MODEL* Key Concepts Fixed Prices and Expenditure Plans In the very short run, firms do not change their prices and they sell the amount that is demanded.
More informationS.Y.B.COM. (SEM-III) ECONOMICS
Fill in the Blanks. Module 1 S.Y.B.COM. (SEM-III) ECONOMICS 1. The continuous flow of money and goods and services between firms and households is called the Circular Flow. 2. Saving constitute a leakage
More informationMONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY IN THE VERY SHORT RUN
C H A P T E R12 MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY IN THE VERY SHORT RUN LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading and studying this chapter, you should be able to: Understand that both fiscal and monetary policy can
More information1. Explain what causes the liquidity preference money (LM) curve to shift and why.
Chapter 22. IS-LM in Action C H A P T E R O B J E C T I V E S By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: 1. Explain what causes the liquidity preference money (LM) curve to shift and why.
More information14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics Problem Set 1 *Solution* Fall 2004
4.02 Principles of Macroeconomics Problem Set *Solution* Fall 2004 Part I. True/False/Uncertain Justify your answer with a short argument.. From 960 to 2000, the US, EU, and Japan all have experienced
More informationFBLA: ECONOMICS. Competency: Basic Economic Concepts and Principles
Competency: Basic Economic Concepts and Principles 1. Define money (characteristics, role, and forms) and trace how money and resources flow through the American economic system. 2. Utilize decision-making
More informationBusiness Conditions Analysis Prof. Yamin Ahmad ECON 736
Business Conditions Analysis Prof. Yamin Ahmad ECON 736 Sample Final Exam Name Id # Instructions: There are two parts to this midterm. Part A consists of multiple choice questions. Please mark the answers
More informationChapter 4 Consumption, Saving, and Investment
Chapter 4 Consumption, Saving, and Investment Multiple Choice Questions 1. Desired national saving equals (a) Y C d G. (b) C d + I d + G. (c) I d + G. (d) Y I d G. 2. With no inflation and a nominal interest
More informationChapter 1. Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets?
Chapter 1 Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets? Why Study Money, Banking, and Financial Markets To examine how financial markets such as bond, stock and foreign exchange markets work To examine
More informationDemographic Implications for Capital Markets Euromoney Conference 2005 Rome, September 6
Demographic Implications for Capital Markets Euromoney Conference 2005 Rome, September 6 Stefan Schneider Chief International Economist Structure Demographic trends and their drivers Population dynamics
More informationMacroeconomics, Fall 2007 Exam 3, TTh classes, various versions
Name: _ Days/Times Class Meets: Today s Date: Macroeconomics, Fall 2007 Exam 3, TTh classes, various versions Read these Instructions carefully! You must follow them exactly! I) On your Scantron card you
More informationAgenda. The IS-LM/AD-AS Model: A General Framework for Macroeconomic Analysis, Part 3. Disequilibrium in the AD-AS model
Agenda The IS-LM/AD-AS Model: A General Framework for Macroeconomic Analysis, art 3 rice Adjustment and the Attainment of General Equilibrium 13-1 13-2 General equilibrium in the AD-AS model Disequilibrium
More information3 Macroeconomics LESSON 1
3 Macroeconomics LESSON 1 nesian Model Introduction and Description This lesson establishes fundamental macro concepts. The nesian model is the simplest macro model and is the starting point from the national
More informationThe IS-LM Model Ing. Mansoor Maitah Ph.D.
The IS-LM Model Ing. Mansoor Maitah Ph.D. Constructing the Keynesian Cross Equilibrium is at the point where Y = C + I + G. If firms were producing at Y 1 then Y > E Because actual expenditure exceeds
More informationMacroeconomics V: Aggregate Demand
Macroeconomics V: Aggregate Demand Gavin Cameron Lady Margaret Hall Hilary Term 2004 introduction A very poor man may be said in some sense to have a demand for a coach and six; he might like to have it;
More informationEconomic Systems. 1. MARKET ECONOMY in comparison to 2. PLANNED ECONOMY
Economic Systems The way a country s resources are owned and the way that country takes decisions as to what to produce, how much to produce and how to distribute what has been produced determine the type
More information7 AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND* * Chapter Key Ideas. Outline
C h a p t e r 7 AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND* * Chapter Key Ideas Outline Production and Prices A. What forces bring persistent and rapid expansion of real GDP? B. What leads to inflation? C.
More informationMEASURING A NATION S INCOME
10 MEASURING A NATION S INCOME WHAT S NEW IN THE FIFTH EDITION: There is more clarification on the GDP deflator. The Case Study on Who Wins at the Olympics? is now an FYI box. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the
More information3. a. If all money is held as currency, then the money supply is equal to the monetary base. The money supply will be $1,000.
Macroeconomics ECON 2204 Prof. Murphy Problem Set 2 Answers Chapter 4 #2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 (on pages 102-103) 2. a. When the Fed buys bonds, the dollars that it pays to the public for the bonds increase
More informationMacroeconomics Machine-graded Assessment Items Module: Fiscal Policy
Macroeconomics Machine-graded Assessment Items Module: Fiscal Policy Machine-graded assessment question pools are provided for your reference and are organized by learning outcome. It is your responsibility
More informationCONCEPT OF MACROECONOMICS
CONCEPT OF MACROECONOMICS Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies economic aggregates (grand totals):e.g. the overall level of prices, output and employment in the economy. If you want to
More informationProblem Set 5. a) In what sense is money neutral? Why is monetary policy useful if money is neutral?
1 Problem Set 5 Question 2 a) In what sense is money neutral? Why is monetary policy useful if money is neutral? In Problem Set 4, Question 2-Part (e), we already analysed the effect of an expansionary
More informationAnswers to Text Questions and Problems in Chapter 8
Answers to Text Questions and Problems in Chapter 8 Answers to Review Questions 1. The key assumption is that, in the short run, firms meet demand at pre-set prices. The fact that firms produce to meet
More information