Domex range of hot-rolled high strength sheet steel

Transcription

1 Domex range of hot-rolled high strength sheet steel

2

3 Domex is the brand name of hot-rolled sheet steel from SSAB Tunnplåt. Domex high strength steels are low-alloy, cold forming steels intended for the engineering and automotive industries. The entire range extends from Domex MC cold-forming steels to wear-resistant or corrosion resistant steels, as well as ballistic protection sheet steel and electrical sheet steel. Domex is being continuously developed as evidenced by the extra-high strength steels. New ultra-high strength steels with even higher strength which are currently now under development, open up entirely new opportunities. This brochure describes the range and characteristics of Domex hot-rolled sheet steel. It is a general overview to assist in the selection of the right Domex steel for your particular product. C O N T E N T S 4-5 Domex hot-rolled high strength sheet steel 6-9 Domex high strength cold-forming steels Other high strength steels Domex hardenable steels an overview Tolerances 16 Other technical information 17 Design approach when using high strength steels High strength steels in production Technical customer service and information 3

4 Domex hot-rolled sheet steel High strength steels Domex is the brand name of SSAB Tunnplåt s hot-rolled products and is available as high strength and extra-high strength cold-forming steels. Corrosion-resistant steels, wear-resistant steels, sheet steel for ballistic protection, electrical sheet steel and hardenable steels are other members of the Domex family. Domex high strength coldforming steels are modern structural steels. Domex YP/ XP steels have been used for many years in the engineering industry and have been under continual development. Domex MC high strength steels have now become well established on the market and supersede the Domex YP/XP steels. New ultra-high strength Domex 800 and Domex 900 steels are under development Domex MC is a range of high strength cold-forming steels distinguished by high strength, excellent formability and good weldability, which makes them suitable for a wide range of applications. Domex high strength steels have also gradually been adapted to suit special applications. The following Domex products each with specific properties are becoming increasingly widespread in their use: Domex Wear is an abrasionresistant steel with good wear resistance. Domex Weather Resistant is a corrosion resistant steel with an atmospheric protection against corrosion. Domex Protect has a hardness that gives the sheet good ballistic and penetration protection properties. 4

5 Domex Pole sheet has high strength and magnetic properties that make it suitable for generators. Domex high strength cold-forming steels Hardenable steels Domex hardenable steels include high-carbon steels, boron-alloyed steels and casehardening steels: Domex high-carbon steels are suitable for applications that require very high hardness. Domex boron-alloyed steels are used as wear steel or high strength structural steel. Domex case-hardening steels are intended for parts that require high surface hardness. Delivery forms Domex can be supplied as coils, slit strip or cut-to-length sheet. The steels can be supplied with as-rolled or pickled and oiled surface, and also with as-rolled or trimmed edges. Domex wear-resistant steels Domex corrosion-resistant steels Domex hardenable steels 5

6 Domex high strength coldforming steels Domex MC All Domex high strength coldforming steels are produced in modern plants under strict process control. The steels are micro-alloyed with niobium, titanium and vanadium, which enables low carbon and manganese contents to be maintained. The steels are produced by metallurgical processes that ensure very high purity of the steels, and they are then finished in a carefully controlled thermomechanical rolling process that ensures consistent properties. Domex MC high strength cold-forming steels are characterised by: Excellent formability in relation to their high strength. Good weldability due to their low contents of alloying elements. Good impact strength at low temperatures, which should be specified at the time of ordering. Suitable for laser cutting. Suitable for hot-dip galvanising due to their appropriately formulated chemical composition. The order should specify that the steel will be hot-dip galvanised. Domex MC steels are available in the strength levels shown in the figure below. Steel grades and mechanical properties Domex MC high strength steels are modern low-alloy structural steels for cold forming. Domex MC is available in nine steel grades, with grade designations corresponding to the minimum yield strength in the direction of rolling, ranging from 315 N/mm 2 up to 700 N/mm 2. Domex MC meets the requirements of the EN standard, and is also guaranteed to allow for tighter minimum bending radii. Domex MC has a high yield strength/tensile strength relationship. The steel has high internal purity and can be bent both along and across the direction of rolling, with the minimum radii shown in the table. The mechanical properties in the table are guaranteed in the direction of rolling. Impact strength Domex MC cold-forming steels have high impact strength. The test temperatures and the energy levels that can be guaranteed are shown in the table. Strength levels of Domex cold-forming steels 6

7 Mechanical properties Grade Yield strength Tensile strength Elongation Bending radius Bending radius Bending radius R eh (N/mm 2 ) R m (N/mm 2 ) min. (%) min. min. min. min. min.- max. A 80 A 5 t<3 mm 3<t<6 mm t>6 mm t<3 t>3 Domex 240 YP **) 28 0,3 x t 0,5 x t 0,7 x t Domex 315 MC x t 0.3 x t 0.4 x t Domex 355 MC x t 0.3 x t 0.5 x t Domex 420 MC x t 0.5 x t 0.8 x t Domex 460 MC x t 0.7 x t 0.9 x t Domex 500 MC x t 0.8 x t 1.0 x t Domex 550 MC x t 1.0 x t 1.2 x t Domex 600 MC x t 1.1 x t 1.4 x t Domex 650 MC 650*) x t 1.2 x t 1.5 x t Domex 700 MC 700*) x t 1.2 x t 1.6 x t The bending guarantee is for a 90 bend in practical application. *) For thicknesses >8 mm, the minimum yield strength may be 20 N/mm 2 lower. **) Denotes A 5 (not A 80 ). Impact strengtht Designation suffix Test Energy level Grades temperature B Not impact tested Domex 315 MC B- Domex 650 MC B D J Domex 315 MC D- Domex 700 MC D E J Domex 315 MC E- Domex 700 MC E Impact strength D can be guaranteed for thicknesses up to 12 mm, and impact strength E can be guaranteed for thicknesses up to 10 mm. Charpy V testing is carried out on the material in the direction of rolling in accordance with EN for thicknesses from 6 mm upwards. Chemical composition Grade C Si Mn P S Al Nb V Ti (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) max max max max max min max max max Domex 240 YP Domex 315 MC Domex 355 MC Domex 420 MC Domex 460 MC Domex 500 MC Domex 550 MC Domex 600 MC Domex 650 MC Domex 700 MC The sum of Nb, V and Ti is 0.22% max., Mo is 0.50% max. and B is 0.005% max. If the material is to be hot-dip galvanized with a thin or thick coat of zinc, this must be specified in the order. For a thick zinc coat, Si is 0.30% max. 7

8 Dimensions and delivery forms Coils The delivery range for Domex MC in coils with as-rolled surface and as-rolled edge are shown in the graphs for the various grades. The Domex 240 YP, 315 MC and 355 MC grades are available in thicknesses from 1.8 mm, and other grades from 2.0 mm. The delivery range for pickled coils conforms to the graphs up to a maximum thickness of 12 mm. Coils with trimmed edges can be supplied up to a strip thickness of 10 mm, depending on the steel grade. Cut-to-length sheet The delivery range for cutto-length sheet conforms to the graphs for coils. Pickled cut-to-length sheet can be supplied in thicknesses up to 12 mm. Thicknesses above 12 mm are available subject to special agreement. As-rolled cut-to-length sheet can be supplied in thicknesses down to a minimum of 2 mm. Cut-to-length sheets are available in lengths up to 13 metres. Lengths up to 16 metres can be supplied subject to special agreement. Slit strip Slit strip can be supplied in widths between 140 mm and 600 mm. Strip is available in thicknesses of up to 8 mm depending on the grade, as shown in the table. Trimmed edges If the material is supplied with trimmed edges, the width is reduced by 35 mm. 8

9 Dimensions of slit strip Grade Strip with as-rolled surface. Strip with pickled surface. Min.-max. thicknesses Min.- max. thicknesses Domex 240 YP mm mm Domex 315 MC mm mm Domex 355 MC mm mm Domex 420 MC mm mm Domex 460 MC mm mm Domex 500 MC mm mm Domex 550 MC mm mm Domex 600 MC mm mm Domex 650 MC mm mm Domex 700 MC mm mm Dimensions of coils and cut-to-length sheet Grade Strip with as-rolled surface. Strip with pickled surface. Min.-max. thicknesses Min.-max. thicknesses Domex 240 YP *) mm mm Domex 315 MC *) mm mm Domex 355 MC *) mm mm Domex 420 MC mm mm Domex 460 MC mm mm Domex 500 MC mm mm Domex 550 MC mm mm Domex 600 MC mm mm Domex 650 MC mm mm Domex 700 MC mm mm *) For cut-to-length sheet, the minimum is 2.0 mm. 59

10 Other high strength steels Domex Wear Domex Wear enables a reduction in weight and extended useful life of most utility products that are subjected to wear. You can achieve benefits that would otherwise not be feasible for durability or economy reasons. Moreover, the wear-resistant and formable steel eliminates the need for hardening the material, which contributes to a smoother production flow. The steel has high strength and toughness, and is easier to weld and bend than many other wear-resistant steels. Domex Wear is produced in thicknesses between 3 and 6 mm and widths of mm, depending on the thickness. Domex Weather Resistant In addition to having good resistance to corrosion, Domex Weather Resistant steel is also characterised by good formability, weldability and impact strength. It is produced in three strength levels, and the guaranteed minimum yield strengths are 350 N/mm 2, 550 N/mm 2 and 700 N/mm 2. A typical application for corrosion-resistant steels is for containers, where high strength and resistance to corrosion enable a more suitable design to be produced, reduce the need for maintenance and simplify production. The material offers major benefits for industrial chimneys, both externally and in the flue gas passages, since the corrosionresistant steels can cope well with the sulphurous environment. Domex 355 W is rolled in thicknesses of mm, and Domex 550 W and Domex 700 W in thicknesses of 3-6 mm. The widths vary between 800 and 1600 mm, depending on the yield strength and thickness. Domex Protect Domex Protect is the name used for our ballistic protection steels. The steels can be used for protecting cars and security vehicles that may be exposed to small arms fire. The steel can also be used as 10

11 Chemical composition (typical values) Grade C Si Mn P S Others (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Domex Wear Domex Wear Cr, Mo, Ti Domex Weather Resistant Domex 355 W Cu, Cr Domex 550 W Cu, Cr Domex 700 W Cu, Cr Domex Protect Domex Protect Mo, Nb, Ti Domex Protect Cr, Mo, Ti Domex Protect Cr, B protection against burglaries, such as in safety doors. Domex Protect is produced in thicknesses of 3-6 mm, with hardnesses up to 500 HV10 and widths of mm. Domex Protect can assist in lowering the weight of vehicles protected against ballistic attack. Domex Pole sheet Due to its low content of alloying elements, Domex Pole sheet has good magnetic properties. Consistent mechanical properties and good flatness make the sheet very well suited for automatic punching and laser cutting. Hot-rolled Pole sheet is produced with yield strengths of up to 700 N/mm 2. Domex Pole sheet is rolled in thicknesses ranging between 2 and 5 mm and widths between 800 and 1600 mm, depending on the yield strength and thickness. Domex Pole sheet is used for rotor rings and poles of generators, since strict demands on the magnetic and mechanical properties and on flatness are made in this application. Mechanical properties Grade Yield strength Tensile strength Hardness Bending radius R eh (N/mm 2 ) R m (N/mm 2 ) min. ***) min. min. Typical values t 3 mm. 3<t 6 mm. Domex Wear Domex Wear (790) typical value 850 approx. 285 HB 2 x t 2 x t Domex Weather Resistant Domex 355 W *) 1 x t 1 x t Domex 550 W x t 1 x t Domex 700 W **) x t 2 x t Domex Protect Domex Protect 250 approx. 250 HV x t 1.2 x t Domex Protect 300 approx. 300 HV 10 2 x t 2 x t Domex Protect 500 approx. 500 HV 10 5 x t 5 x t *) For thicknesses <3 mm, the minimum tensile strength is 510 N/mm 2. **) Grade in the course of development. ***) Min. bending radius for 90 bend. For Domex 355 W thicker than 6 mm, the minimum bending radius is 2 x t. 11

12 12

13 13

14 Hardenable steels Domex case-hardening steels Domex case-hardening steels are characterised by good formability and the scope they offer for giving the finished part a hard surface by case hardening, while maintaining a tough core. Domex case-hardening steels are used in applications such as wear parts and gearwheels, and are available in the sizes shown in the graph below. Domex case-hardening steels conform to the requirements of EN Domex high-carbon steels Domex high-carbon steels are characterised by good formability and the scope they offer for producing parts with very high hardness and good toughness by quenching and tempering. Domex high-carbon steels are suitable for applications in which high strength, hardness and wear resistance are important, such as for knives, wear parts, saw blades, springs and chains. Domex high-carbon steels conform to the requirements of EN Domex boron steels Domex boron steels may be a suitable alternative for applications involving abrasive wear for which conventional steels are inadequate. Domex boron steels are alloyed with boron in order to improve their hardenability. The steels are easy to harden and are often used without tempering. Domex boron steels are often used as wear steels or as high strength structural steels. Typical applications include punching tools, spades, knives, plough shares and saw blades. Domex boron steels conform to the requirements of EN Domex boron steels have also long been produced as SSAB Tunnplåt own steel grades, designated Domex 014 B, 024 B, 034 B and 044 B. Case-hardening steels Boron steels Boron steels Boron steels High-carbon steels High-carbon steels 14

15 Chemical compositions of Domex case-hardening steels Grade C (%) Si (%) Mn (%) Cr (%) min.-max. min.-max. min.-max. min.-max. Domex C max 0.40 Domex C max 0.40 Domex 17Cr Domex 16MnCr Domex 20MnCr Hardness HRC Grade Quenched in Quenched in water, approx. oil, approx. Domex C Domex C Domex 17Cr Domex 16MnCr Domex 20MnCr P (%) max S (%) max Chemical compositions of Domex high-carbon steels Grade C (%) Si (%) Mn (%) Cr (%) Others min.-max. min.-max. min.-max. min.-max. min.-max. Domex C Domex C Domex C Domex C Domex C Domex C Domex C Domex 42CrMo Mo Domex 51CrV V Hardness HRC Grade Quenched in Quenched in water, approx. oil, approx. Domex C22 Domex C Domex C Domex C Domex C Domex C Domex C Domex 42CrMo Domex 51CrV P (%) max S (%) max Chemical compositions of Domex boron steels Grade C (%) Si (%) Mn (%) Cr (%) B (%) min.-max. min.-max. min.-max. min.-max. min.-max. Domex 014 B Domex 024 B Domex 034 B Domex 044 B Domex 20MnB Domex 30MnB Domex 38MnB Domex 27MnCrB Domex 33MnCrB Domex 39MnCrB Hardness HRC Grade Quenched in Quenched in water, approx. oil, approx. Domex 014 B Domex 024 B Domex 034 B Domex 044 B Domex 20MnB Domex 30MnB Domex 38MnB Domex 27MnCrB Domex 33MnCrB Domex 39MnCrB P (%) max S (%) max

16 16

17 Tolerances Domex steels are normally supplied with tolerances in accordance with EN or with tolerances in accordance with the SSAB Tunnplåt in-house standard. Closer tolerances on thickness, width, length and flatness are available subject to special agreement. Tolerances on other properties are available in accordance with the EN standard. Delivery form Tolerances on width Closer tolerances on width for slit strip are available subject to special agreement. *) The tolerance applies up to a nominal thickness of 10 mm. SSAB Tunnplåt tolerance Coils and cut-to-length sheet with mill edges -0/ +20 mm Coils and cut-to-length sheet with cut edges -0/ +2 mm *) Slit strip -0/ +2 mm Length, mm Tolerances on length of cut-to-length sheet / +3 mm (4000) / +4 mm (6000) / +5 mm (8000) - -0/ +6 mm SSAB Tunnplåt tolerance SSAB Tunnplåt tolerances on flatness of cut-to-length sheet Length, mm Tolerance Normal Improved mm 3 mm > mm 3 mm > mm 4 mm > mm 6 mm Greater tolerances are applicable to boron steels, Domex Protect 500 and Domex Wear. Tolerances on edge camber Delivery form Tolerances as per EN Cut-to-length sheet with mill edges Coils with cut edges, slit strip and cut-to-length sheet with cut edges Coils with mill edges 2 mm/ 3 m 6 mm/ 6 m 8 mm/ 9 m 10 mm/ 13 m 2 mm/ m 10 mm/ 6 m 20 mm/ 5 m Tolerances on thickness Thickness, mm Normal tolerance as per EN Tolerance as per SSAB Tunnplåt Width 1200 Width > 1200 Width 1200 Width > mm ± 0.17 mm ± 0.19 mm ± 0.13 mm ± 0.14 mm (2.0) mm ± 0.18 mm ± 0.21 mm ± 0.14 mm ± 0.16 mm (2.5) mm ± 0.20 mm ± 0.22 mm ± 0.15 mm ± 0.17 mm (3.0) mm ± 0.22 mm ± 0.24 mm ± 0.17 mm ± 0.18 mm (4.0) mm ± 0.24 mm ± 0.26 mm ± 0.18 mm ± 0.20 mm (5.0) mm ± 0.26 mm ± 0.28 mm ± 0.20 mm ± 0.21 mm (6.0) mm ± 0.29 mm ± 0.30 mm ± 0.22 mm ± 0.23 mm (8.0) mm ± 0.32 mm ± 0.33 mm ± 0.24 mm ± 0.25 mm (10.0) mm ± 0.35 mm ± 0.36 mm ± 0.26 mm ± 0.27 mm (12.5) mm ± 0.37 mm ± 0.38 mm ± 0.28 mm ± 0.29 mm (15.0) mm ± 0.40 mm ± 0.42 mm ± 0.30 mm ± 0.32 mm Closer tolerances on thickness are available for cut-to-length sheet, pickled coils and slit strip. 17

18 Other technical information Surface finish Domex can be supplied with as-rolled surface or pickled surface. To prevent corrosion, pickled sheet is usually oiled with a light, normal or abundant quantity, but is also available in dry condition. Weights and delivery form Domex is supplied in coil weights corresponding to Delivery form Inside diameter multiples of 18 kg/mm of strip width or 9 kg/mm of strip width. Coils and slit strip are supplied with the inside diameter in accordance with the table below. Cut-to-length strip is delive-red in stack weights of up to 2500 kg per metre length, although not exceeding kg. Inside diameter 762 mm 610 mm Coils with as-rolled surface X Coils with as-rolled surface and cut edges X X Pickled coils X X Slit strip X X Packaging Our different packaging types provide different levels of protection during transport. The simplest type of packaging comprises only strapping and is intended mainly for asrolled material. Coils can also be protected with paper or plastic film. Cut-to-length sheet bundles can be packaged in plastic, on pallets or with strapped spacers. An inside diameter of 508 mm is available, subject to agreement, for coils with trimmed edges and for slit strip. Stack weights and stack heights Stack weight, kg Stack weight, kg Stack height, mm Stack height, mm min. max. min. max

19 Design approach when using high strength steels The weight of a product can be reduced without loss of load-bearing capacity by switching from mild steel to high strength steel. Scope for reducing the deadweight is one of the major benefits of using Domex cold-forming steel. A simple rule of thumb can be used for a rough assessment of how much lighter the product can be. Rule of thumb A rule of thumb can often be used for assessing the achievable reduction in thickness, as illustrated by the following example: Thinking high strength right from the beginning of the design stage is important for optimising the design to achieve low weight and simplified production. Further information on the design approach when using high strength sheet steel is available in the Sheet Steel Handbook from SSAB Tunnplåt. A number of seminars related to the Sheet Steel Handbook are also held every year. For further information, please contact the Technical Customer Service Department at SSAB Tunnplåt in Borlänge. t 2 = t 1 (R e1 /R e2 ) t 1 = thickness of mild steel t 2 = thickness of high strength steel R e1 = yield strength of mild steel R e2 = yield strength of high strength steel An ordinary freight container is manufactured from material with a minimum yield strength of about 350 N/mm 2. By switching to Domex 700 MC, i.e. a steel with twice the strength, the material thickness in the corner post, for instance, can be reduced from 6 mm to 4 mm. Rule of thumb 6 350/700 = 4 In this example, the tare weight of a 45-foot container can be reduced from 4750 kg to 4020 kg, i.e. by 730 kg (or about 15%) by using extra-high strength steel. The payload can thus be increased correspondingly. On the other hand, if the product is to be made stronger, the original thickness can be retained and only the grade of steel can be changed. Benefits of using Domex extrahigh strength steels By using Domex extra-high strength steels, products can be made lighter, stronger and more competitive. The use of high strength steels provides environmental benefits by conservation of raw material and energy, reduced deadweight, increased payload and a longer useful life. Additionally, all steel can always be recycled. In collaboration with SSAB Tunnplåt, many customers have developed total solutions using Domex high strength steels, and have achieved the following typical benefits: Lower weight Simplified production Stronger structure Environmental benefits Greater competitiveness. 19

20 High strength steels in production Welding The weldability of Domex cold-forming steels is excellent and all conventional methods of welding can be used. Due to their low content of alloying elements, the steels are not susceptible to hot or cold cracking due to hydrogen embrittlement, and therefore no preheating of the workpiece is necessary. A wide range of filler metals from various suppliers is available. In MAG welding, for example, both ordinary homogeneous wire and flux cored wire can be used. Matching filler metals are also available for cold-forming steels with the highest strengths. These produce a weld that is as strong as the steel itself. In many cases, under-matched filler metal can be used, such as when welding in lightly stressed areas or when welding high strength steel to mild steel. The impact strength of the welded joint will also be good, but this pre-supposes that filler metal with good impact strength is used. For further information on welding of cold-forming steels, refer to the separate brochure and the Joining Handbook from SSAB Tunnplåt. Bending Domex cold-forming steels combine high strength with good bendability. Due to its low carbon and sulphur contents, the sheet can be bent to tight radii without cracking, regardless of the direction of rolling. When bending extra-high strength material such as Domex 700 MC, the radius of the punch is fundamental to the inside radius of the finished bend. As a result, the die width can be increased (reduces the necessary force and friction) and the required inside radius of the bend can still be achieved. On the other hand, when bending mild steels, the die width is the most important parameter. When high strength material is being bent, the springback is greater than it is in mild steel. This is usually compensated for by overbending the material in order to obtain the correct angle. 20

21 If a mild steel is replaced by a high strength steel and the material thickness is also reduced, the bending force will often be lower than for mild steel. Further information on bending cold-forming steels is available in the Sheet Steel Forming Handbook from SSAB Tunnplåt. Pressing Domex high strength steels have good formability and can be formed in the traditional way. However, some factors that should be kept in mind when pressing high strength steels are outlined below. A higher press force is generally required and also a higher blank-holder force in order to avoid wrinkling and springback. Modified blank design and larger radii are other measures that simplify the forming of parts made of high strength sheet steel. Domex cold-forming steels are very formable in grades up to Domex 420 MC, but steels of higher strengths also have good pressability. For further particulars of pressing, refer to the Sheet Steel Forming Handbook from SSAB Tunnplåt. Shearing Domex cold-forming steels are well suited for shearing. However, to achieve the best results, it is important to use the right shearing parameters. The shear strength is trad- itionally taken as 0.8 x tensile strength, i.e. the shearing force increases proportionally with increasing strength. However, studies by SSAB Tunnplåt have shown that the shear strength gradually decreases with increasing strength to 0.6 x tensile strength. In addition, if the sheet thickness is reduced, which is common on changeover from mild steel to high strength steel, the shearing force will be reduced further. This leads to the shearing force often being lower than previously. If the edge of the sheet steel is subjected to heavy plastic forming, thermal cutting of the sheet steel can produce better results when stronger and thicker material is used. Further information on shearing is available in a separate brochure and in the Sheet Steel Forming Handbook from SSAB Tunnplåt. Cutting Laser cutting produces a high quality and precise cut surface. Domex cold-forming steels have excellent properties that make them particularly well suited for laser cutting. High cutting speeds can be maintained, while also achieving good quality of the cut surface. The burr on cut edges is small, and the cut surfaces are smooth and straight. The surface of the sheet is very important to the quality of the cut. Experience gained at SSAB shows that a pickled and oiled surface is best. The results are also affected by the internal purity, flatness and internal stresses in the sheet. SSAB Tunnplåt has undertaken a number of studies of the laser cutting properties of Domex cold-forming steels, and the results are: Domex cold-forming steels require no special cutting parameters. Domex cold-forming steels meet the requirements of the standard for the highest cutting class in accordance with DIN 2310, part 5 as regards both surface smoothness and conicity. Further information on laser cutting is available in a separate brochure. Plasma cutting Plasma cutting can be used on Domex cold-forming steels without limitations. However, if air plasma is used, some care must be taken just as for all other types of steel. Air plasma cutting causes nitrogen absorption at the cut surface, which may cause porosity in the joint during subsequent welding. 21

22 Technical customer service and information SSAB Tunnplåt has many experts who have long practical experience of steel and who are at the disposal of our customers. Our experts in the Technical Customer Service Department have great experience of materials, design and metalworking. Our experts in Applications engineering have spearhead expertise in subjects such as corrosion, painting, sizing, forming, joining and surface treatment. Courses and seminars SSAB Tunnplåt arranges regular courses and seminars on how to optimise the many opportunities offered by high strength steels. The sheet steel course provides a fundamental insight into steelmaking, and the properties and applications of the various steel grades. Seminars provide in-depth knowledge of sizing, design, working, forming and joining of high strength steels. Some seminars are tailored to the needs of individual companies. Handbooks You can gain a deeper understanding of Domex products from our handbooks. The Sheet Steel Handbook offers information on sizing and design, as well as production engineering advice, particularly for high strength cold-forming steels. The Sheet Steel Forming Handbook is a further development of the chapter on working in the Sheet Steel Handbook and offers further information on plastic working and machining of cold-forming steels. Our courses and seminars attract many participants. 22

23 The Joining Handbook deals with various types of welding, mechanical joining and bonding. Trial sheets If you wish to find out how a new grade of steel performs on your production equipment or for in the intended product, you can order trial sheets from our Trial Sheet Stores. Product information Further information on our high strength steel grades and on how they can be used and worked is available in our brochures. Certificates SSAB Tunnplåt has gained environmental certification in accordance with ISO and quality certification in accordance with ISO 9002 and QS Visit our homepages!

24 SSAB Tunnplåt AB is the largest Scandinavian steel sheet manufacturer and a leader in Europe in the development of advanced high strength steels. SSAB Tunnplåt is a member of the SSAB Swedish Steel Group, has a turnover of SEK 10 billion, and employs more than 4400 people in Sweden. We produce around 2.8 million tonnes of sheet steel every year. Our environmental policy involves continual improvements to the efficiency of production processes and environmental care plants, and development of the environmental properties of our products from the life cycle perspective. We manufacture the following steels in our modern, high-efficiency production lines and rolling mills for strip products: Hot-rolled steel strip Cold-reduced sheet steel Hot-dip galvanized sheet steel Prepainted sheet steel Registered trademarks for SSAB Tunnplåt AB. We assist our customers in selecting the steels that are best able to improve their competitiveness. Our strength lies in the quality of our products, the reliability of our supplies, and our flexible technical customer service. SSAB Tunnplåt AB SE Borlänge Sweden Tel Fax office@ssabtunnplat.com ssabtunnplat.com Denmark SSAB Svensk Stål A/S Tel ssab.dk Finland OY SSAB Svenskt Stål AB Tel ssab.fi France SSAB Swedish Steel SA Tel ssab.fr Germany SSAB Swedish Steel GmbH Tel Tel ssab.de Great Britain SSAB Swedish Steel Ltd Tel swedishsteel.co.uk Italy SSAB Swedish S.p.A Tel ssab.it The Netherlands SSAB Swedish Steel BV Tel ssab.nl Norway SSAB Svensk Stål A/S Tel ssab.no Poland SSAB Swedish Steel Sp.z.o.o. Tel Portugal SSAB Swedish Steel Tel ssab.pt Spain SSAB Swedish Steel SL Tel ssab.es USA SSAB Swedish Steel Inc Tel swedishsteel.us South Africa SSAB Swedish Steel Pty Ltd Tel swedishsteel.co.za China SSAB Swedish Steel Tel swedishsteel.cn Korea SSAB Swedish Steel Ltd Tel GB / Tryck: Sandvikens Tryckeri