Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs

Transcription

1 Operating Systems What are the functions of an? start the computer provide a user interface manage programs Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs administer security control a network manage memory provide file management and other utilities monitor performance establish an Internet connection schedule jobs and configure devices p. 392 Fig. 8-1 Chapter 8 Objectives Operating Systems Identify the the types of of system software Summarize the the startup process on on a a personal computer Describe the the functions of of an an Summarize the the features of of several stand-alone s Identify various network s What is a cross-platform application? Runs identically on multiple s Operating system that computer uses is sometimes called the platform Application Discuss ways that that some operating systems help administrators control a a network and and administer security Explain the the purpose of of the the utilities included with most s Identify devices that that use use several embedded s Explain the the purpose of of several stand-alone utility programs Operating System/ Platform A Operating System/ Platform B Operating System/ Platform C Operating System/ Platform D p. 393 System Software What is system software? Programs that Two types are control operation s of computer and utility programs Operating system (OS) (sometimes called the platform) coordinates all activities among computer hardware resources What is booting? Process of starting or restarting a computer Cold boot Turning on computer that has been powered off Warm boot Restarting computer that is powered on Warm boot from Windows desktop Warm boot from system unit p. 392 p. 394 Fig. 8-2

2 What messages display on the screen when you boot the computer? What is a user interface? Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen command-line interface menu-driven interface p. 394 Fig. 8-3 p. 398 Fig. 8-6 How does a personal computer boot up? Step 1. Power supply Step 4. Results of POST are sends signal to com - compared with data in CMOS chip ponents in system unit Step 5. BIOS looks for system files Step 2. Processor in floppy disk drive or CD/DVD accesses BIOS to start drive, and then hard disk computer Step 6. Kernel(core) of operating Step 3. BIOS runs tests, system loads into RAM called the POST, to check components such Step 7. Operating system loads as mouse, keyboard, configuration information and and adapter cards displays desktop on screen What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? User interacts with menus and visual images such as icons and buttons then click BIOS p. 395 Fig. 8-4 p. 398 Fig. 8-6 What is a recovery disk? Contains system files that will start computer when computer cannot boot Also called boot disk Step 1. Click Start button on taskbar, point to All Programs on Start menu, point to Accessories on All Programs submenu, point to Systems Tools on Accessories submenu, and then point to Backup. Step 2. Click Backup on Systems Tools submenu to open the Backup Utility window. (If Backup or Restore Wizard displays, click Advanced Mode link.) Point to Automated System Recovery Wizard button. Step 3. Click Automated System Recovery Wizard button to create recovery disk. Follow the on-screen instructions and insert a diskette when prompted. What is single user/ multitasking? Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time Foregroundcontains program you are using Background contains programs that are running but are not in use p. 397 Fig. 8-5 p. 399 Fig. 8-7

3 What are other program management features of s? Can support two or more processors running programs at same time multiprocessing Continues to operate when one of its components p. 400 fails multiuser fault-tolerant tolerant computer Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, and disk drives What is spooling? Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer Print jobs line up in queue p. 401 Fig. 8-9 What is memory management? Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM) With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is allocated to function as RAM Step 1. The transfers the least recently used data and program instructions to disk because memory is needed for other functions. p. 400 Fig. 8-8 Step 2. The transfers data and program instructions from disk to memory when they are needed. What is a device driver? Program that tells Device how to communicate with device Driver Also called driver then click Plug and Play p. 402 With Plug and Play, automatically configures new devices as you install them How does an schedule jobs? How do you install a device driver? Adjusts schedule based on job s priority A job is operation the processor manages Receiving data from input device Processing instructions Sending information to output device Transferring items between storage and memory Step 3. Click Add a printer link. Follow Step 1. Open Control Step 2. Click Printers and on-screen instructions. Panel window. Point to Other Hardware link. Point Printers and Other to Add a printer link. Hardware link. Step 5. If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug and Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to install. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary driver files to complete the installation of printer. Step 4. Add Printer Wizard searches for Plug and Play printers on your computer. If it finds any such printers, it installs them. p. 401 p. 402 Fig. 8-10

4 How do you establish an Internet connection? Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard Guides user through setting up connection between computer and Internet What is a utility program? System software that performs maintenance-type tasks Also called utility p. 403 Fig p. 405 Fig How does an monitor performance? Provides program, called performance monitor, that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices What is a file manager? Performs functions such as copying, renaming, deleting, and moving files Image viewer displays contents of graphics file when you double click on it p. 404 Fig p. 406 Figs What is a network? Allows users to share printer, Internet access, files, and programs on a network Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user What is an uninstaller? Removes a program and all associated files In Windows XP, uninstaller is in Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel p. 404 Fig p. 406

5 What is a disk scanner? Detects and corrects problems on hard disk or floppy disk Searches for and removes unnecessary files What is a backup utility? Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another disk or tape Most compress files during backup to require less storage space p. 407 Fig p. 408 Fig What is a disk defragmenter? Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster fragmented disk file before defragmenting file after defragmenting What is a screen saver? Causes monitor s screen to display moving image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time To secure computer, user configures screen saver to require password to deactivate p. 407 Fig then click Screen Savers p. 408 Fig Types of Operating Systems What is a diagnostic utility? Compiles technical information about hardware and some software Prepares report outlining problems What are some characteristics of s? Devicedependent Runs only on specific type of computer Proprietary software Privately owned and limited to specific vendor or computer model Deviceindependent Runs on many manufacturers computers Downward compatible Works with application software written for earlier version of Upward compatible Runs on new versions of p. 408 Fig p. 409

6 Types of Operating Systems What are three categories of s? What is Windows XP? Microsoft s fastest, most reliable Windows p. 409 Embedded Stand-alonealone Network Click to view video Available in five editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition, Media Center Edition, and 64-bit Edition then click Windows XP p. 410 Fig What is DOS (Disk Operating System)? What are some features of Windows XP? Developed in early 1980s for personal computers Hardly used today because it does not offer GUI D O S Used command-line interface when first developed, later included menus Windows XP Features Appearance and Performance Administration Help and Support Communications and the Web Digital Media p. 410 p. 411 How do Windows versions compare? Windows Version Year Released Windows 3.x 1990 Windows NT Windows What is Mac OS X? Available only for computers manufactured by Apple Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs Windows NT Workstation Windows Windows Millennium Edition 2000 Windows 2000 Professional 2000 p. 410 Windows XP 2001 then click Mac OS X p. 413 Fig. 8-27

7 Embedded Operating Systems What is UNIX? Used by power users because of its flexibility and power Most versions offer GUI Both a stand-alone and a network What is an embedded? Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other small devices Windows CE.NET is scaled-down version of Windows then click UNIX p. 413 Fig p. 416 Fig Embedded Operating Systems What is Linux? Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type Open-source software e code is available to public Both a stand-alone and a network What are two s for PDAs? Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket PC Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE Click to view video then click Windows Mobile 2003 p. 414 Fig Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown in this example. then click Palm OS below Chapter 8 p. 417 Figs Network Operating Systems Embedded Operating Systems What are examples of network s? then click NetWare p. 415 Windows Server 2003 Upgrade to Windows 2000 Server NetWare Designed for client/server networks Solaris Version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems Specifically for e-commerce applications Linux Multi-purpose What is Symbian OS? Open-source, multitasking designed for smart phones Make telephone calls, save appointments, browse Web, send and receive e -mail and faxes, and more p. 417 Fig. 8-33

8 Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a virus? Potentially damaging computer program Affects computer without user s knowledge SIGNS OF VIRUS INFECTION Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is a file compression utility? Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files Two popular utilities: PKZIP and WinZip p. 418 Fig p. 419 Fig Stand-Alone Utility Programs Stand-Alone Utility Programs What is an antivirus program? Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage media, and incoming files Must be updated frequently What is a personal computer maintenance utility? Identifies and fixes problems and disk problems Some continuously monitor computer to identify problems before they occur then click Antivirus Programs p. 418 Fig p. 420 Fig Stand-Alone Utility Programs Summary of Operating Systems and Utility Programs What is a personal firewall? Protects personal computer from unauthorized intrusions Monitors all transmissions to and from computer Define an an Discuss the the functions common to to most s Introduce several utility programs commonly found in in s Discuss a a variety of of stand-alone s, network s, and and embedded s Describe several stand-alone utility programs then click Personal Firewalls p. 419 Fig Chapter 8 Complete