Invertebrate Diversity. between the two terms. INVERTEBRATE DIVERSITY Vocabulary Practice
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1 CHAPTER 23 INVERTEBRATE DIVERSITY Vocabulary Practice collagen deuterostome radula homeotic sessile hemocoel homeobox filter feeder segmentation vertebrate polyp coelom invertebrate medusa cuticle phylum mesoglea pseudocoelom bilateral symmetry nematocyst ossicle radial symmetry gastrovascular cavity water vascular system protostome complete digestive tract CHAPTER 23 Invertebrate Diversity A. What s the Difference? For each pair of words below, describe the difference between the two terms. 1. bilateral symmetry/radial symmetry 2. vertebrate/invertebrate 3. polyp/medusa 4. protostome/deuterostome 5. sessile/mobile Unit 8 Resource Book Vocabulary Practice 31
2 CHAPTER 23 Invertebrate Diversity B. Who Am I? Choose among these terms to answer the riddles below: collagen homeobox protostome deuterostome invertebrate vertebrate 1. I am an animal with an internal segmented backbone: 2. I am a three-stranded protein unique to animals: 3. I am an animal without a backbone: 4. I have a developmental pattern in which the anus develops first: 5. I am a type of gene that defines the head-to-tail developmental pattern in animal embryos: 6. I have a developmental pattern in which the mouth forms first: filter feeder mesoglea radula medusa polyp water vascular system 7. I eat by straining particles from the water: 8. I am a filelike feeding organ found in mollusks: 9. I am the umbrella-shaped body form of a cnidarian: 10. I am a series of water-filled radial canals that extend along each arm of a sea star: 11. I am the cylindrical-shaped body form of a cnidarian: 12. I am a non-cellular jelly-like material that separates the two tissue layers of a cnidarian: 32 Vocabulary Practice Unit 8 Resource Book
3 C. Secret Message Next to each definition, fill in the blanks with the vocabulary word that best fits each description. When complete, write the boxed letters in order in the blanks at the bottom of the page to discover the name of a famous zoologist. 1. Doesn t move CHAPTER 23 Invertebrate Diversity 2. Tiny interlocking plates that make up a sea star s skeleton 3. Animal with a backbone 4. Animal without a backbone 5. Tough exoskeleton that must be shed so a roundworm can grow larger 6. Fluid-filled space found in a roundworm 7. Spaces between cells within a mollusk s tissues 8. Major group of species defined by structure and function 9. Class of genes that control early animal development 10. Repeated sections of an annelid s body 11. Cnidarian stinging structure Fill in the blanks with the boxed letters from above to name the famous zoologist: Unit 8 Resource Book Vocabulary Practice 33
4 CHAPTER 23 Invertebrate Diversity D. Analogy Vocabulary Set On one blank line next to each vocabulary word, write the letter and number of the definition that best matches. On the other blank line, write the letter and number of the analogy that best matches. DEFINITIONS WORD ANALOGIES D1. Type of symmetry in which an animal has body parts arranged in a circle around a central axis D2. Stinging structure 2. Bilateral symmetry D3. Repeated sections of an annelid s body D4. Type of symmetry in which an animal s body can be split evenly over one plane 1. Cuticle A1. Mirror-image A2. Egg shell 3. Radial symmetry A3. Harpoon 4. Segmentation A4. Spokes on a wheel D5. Tough exoskeleton 5. Nematocyst A5. Cars on a train E. Categorize Words List the vocabulary words that belong in each category. coelom mesoglea polyp segmentation hemocoel nematocyst radula water vascular system medusa ossicle Cnidarian Anatomy Annelid Anatomy a. a. b. b. c. d. Mollusk Anatomy Echinoderm Anatomy a. a. b. b. 34 Vocabulary Practice Unit 8 Resource Book
5 CHAPTER 24 A CLOSER LOOK AT ARTHROPODS Vocabulary Practice arthropod crustacean chelicerate incomplete metamorphosis exoskeleton cephalothorax arachnid complete metamorphosis chitin abdomen book lung pupa appendage carapace spiracle insecticide segmentation mandible trachea vector A. Word Origins Circle the Greek and Latin word parts in each vocabulary term. Then use the Greek and Latin meanings to construct a very basic definition of the vocabulary word. appendere = to hang upon exo- = outer -pod = foot arthro- = joint khiton = tunic segmentum = to cut cephalo- = head mandere = to chew spirare = to breathe -cide = killer meta- = beside, after thorax = chest crusta- = shell morphe = form CHAPTER 24 A Closer Look at Arthropods WORD 1. arthropod 2. insecticide 3. spiracle 4. segmentation 5. chitin 6. mandible 7. cephalothorax 8. appendage 9. crustacean 10. exoskeleton 11. complete metamorphosis DEFINITION Unit 8 Resource Book Vocabulary Practice 61
6 B. Matching Write the vocabulary term next to its definition. appendage carapace cephalothorax chitin crustacean exoskeleton mandibles 1. Section of cuticle that covers the outside of the body and protects the gills of a crustacean 2. External skeleton CHAPTER 24 A Closer Look at Arthropods 3. An extension of an organism s body 4. A long organic molecule made of sugars that is arranged in layers 5. Appendages that crush and bite food before ingestion 6. Head and trunk region combined into one long section 7. Group of arthropods that has two distinct body sections, a hard exoskeleton, two pairs of antennae, and one pair of appendages per segment arachnid book lung spiracles trachea 8. Terrestrial group of chelicerates that have eight legs, pincers, and the ability to make silk 9. Tiny holes on the abdomen of an arachnid that open and close, allowing oxygen to enter 10. Structure made up of thin, hollow sheets of tissue used by an arachnid to breathe 11. Series of tubes that carry oxygen to an arachnid s tissues 62 Vocabulary Practice Unit 8 Resource Book
7 C. Vector Vocabulary Define the words in the boxes. 1. ARTHROPOD 2. CRUSTACEAN 3. ARACHNID 4. INSECT CHAPTER 24 A Closer Look at Arthropods 5. EXAMPLES 6. EXAMPLES 7. EXAMPLES Unit 8 Resource Book Vocabulary Practice 63
8 D. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues to solve the puzzle. CHAPTER 24 A Closer Look at Arthropods Across 2. The arthropod group that includes spiders 3. An organism that carries a disease from one host to another 6. The group that includes roundworms, insects, arachnids, and crustaceans 8. The group of organisms that a lobster belongs to 10. Process a butterfly goes through to change from a caterpillar to an adult 11. Appendage used by arthropods to crush and bite their food Down 1. A structure that protects a crustacean s gills 4. The way in which an arthropod s body parts are divided into similar sections that have each evolved for a different function 5. The group of arthropods that does not have mandibles or antennae 7. Rear portions of a crustacean s body 9. Inactive larval form of a butterfly Vocabulary Practice Unit 8 Resource Book
9 CHAPTER 25 VERTEBRATE DIVERSITY Vocabulary Practice chordate operculum tadpole notochord ray-fin amniote endoskeleton swim bladder keratin gill lobe-fin amniotic egg countercurrent flow tetrapod placenta lateral line amphibian A. Analogy Vocabulary Set On one blank line next to each vocabulary word, write the letter and number of the definition that best matches. On the other blank line, write the letter and number of the analogy that best matches. DEFINITIONS WORD ANALOGIES D1. An internal skeleton 1. Endoskeleton A1. Private pool D2. Waterproof container in which an amniote develops 2. Swim bladder A2. Steel beams inside a building s walls D3. An organ that helps a fish float higher or lower in the water D4. Protective plate that covers a fish s gills D5. Specialized organs used by a fish to breathe D6. Animals that can live both on land and in water 3. Amniotic egg A3. Scuba buoyancy belt 4. Gills A4. Safety glasses 5. Tetrapod A5. Four-leaf clover 6. Operculum A6. Lungs D7. A vertebrate with four limbs 7. Amphibian A7. Waterproof watch CHAPTER 25 Vertebrate Diversity Unit 8 Resource Book Vocabulary Practice 91
10 B. Secret Message Next to each definition, fill in the blanks with the vocabulary word that best fits each description. When complete, unscramble the boxed letters to discover the distinctive feature of a vertebrate. 1. A vertebrate that has four limbs 2. A membranous organ that develops in female mammals during pregnancy 3. A fin that is round in shape and supported by a single bone 4. An internal skeleton made of bone or cartilage 5. An almost completely waterproof container that keeps an embryo from drying out as it develops CHAPTER 25 Vertebrate Diversity 6. A flexible skeletal support rod embedded in an animal s back 7. A protein that binds to lipids inside skin cells, creating a water repellent layer 8. A buoyancy organ that helps a fish float higher or lower in the water Unscramble the boxed letters to name the distinctive feature: 92 Vocabulary Practice Unit 8 Resource Book
11 C. Who Am I? Choose among these terms to answer the riddles below: amniote keratin placenta amniotic egg lateral line ray-fin amphibian lobe-fin swim bladder endoskeleton notochord tadpole gill operculum tetrapod 1. I am an internal skeleton: 2. I am a frog larva: 3. I am a buoyancy organ found in a fish: 4. I am a vertebrate with four limbs: 5. I am a protein that binds to lipids inside skin cells, forming a water repellent layer: 6. I am a protective plate that covers the gills of a bony fish: 7. I am a flexible skeletal support rod embedded in an animal s back: 8. I am a fan-shaped fin: 9. I am a waterproof container in which an amniote develops as an embryo: 10. I am a sensory organ used by fish to detect movements in the water: 11. I am a tetrapod that can live in either the water or on land, but I must return to a water source to reproduce: 12. I am a specialized organ used by fish to breathe: 13. I am a fin with a round shape: 14. I am a membranous organ that develops in female mammals during pregnancy: 15. I am a vertebrate that has a thin, tough, membranous sac that encloses the embryo or fetus during development: CHAPTER 25 Vertebrate Diversity Unit 8 Resource Book Vocabulary Practice 93
12 D. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues to solve the puzzle. Across 5. Type of fin that a coelacanth has 7. Container in which a chicken or lizard embryo develops 8. Protective plate that covers a bony fish s gills 9. A newly hatched frog 11. Opposite movement of water against the flow of blood in a fish s gills Down 1. Group that includes vertebrates, tunicates, and lancelets 2. Type of fin that goldfish and most other fish have 3. Internal skeleton made of cartilage or bone 4. Buoyancy organ 5. A sensory system used to detect the presence of other animals in the water 6. Frog, salamander, or caecilian 10. Large sheets of frilly tissue that form a specialized organ used by fish to breathe CHAPTER 25 Vertebrate Diversity Vocabulary Practice Unit 8 Resource Book
13 CHAPTER 26 A CLOSER LOOK AT AMNIOTES Vocabulary Practice pulmonary circuit oviparous mammal systemic circuit viviparous mammary gland ectotherm airfoil monotreme endotherm sternum marsupial reptile air sac eutherian A. Word Origins Circle the Greek and Latin word parts in each vocabulary term. Then use the Greek and Latin meanings to construct a very basic definition of the vocabulary word. circumire = to go around marsuppos = purse reptilis = creeping ecto- = outer ovi- = egg sternon = breast, breastbone endo- = inner -parous = to give birth thermos = warm, hot mamma = breast pulmo- = lung vivi- = live WORD 1. viviparous 2. ectotherm 3. oviparous 4. pulmonary circuit 5. endotherm 6. marsupial 7. reptile 8. sternum 9. systemic circuit 10. mammary gland DEFINITION CHAPTER 26 A Closer Look at Amniotes Unit 8 Resource Book Vocabulary Practice 117
14 B. Matching Write the vocabulary term next to its definition. endotherm eutherian mammal mammary gland marsupial monotreme 1. A type of mammal, such as a platypus, that lays eggs 2. An active, large-brained, endothermic animal with complex social, feeding, and reproductive behaviors 3. A type of mammal, such as a bear, that gives birth to live young 4. Organism whose body temperature is regulated by its own heat 5. A type of mammal, such as a kangaroo, that give birth to immature, underdeveloped young that grow to maturity inside a pouch 6. Specialized gland that produces milk CHAPTER 26 A Closer Look at Amniotes airfoil air sac ectotherm oviparous pulmonary circuit sternum systemic circuit viviparous 7. An organism, such as a reptile, whose body temperature is determined by its surrounding environment 8. A structure that connects to a bird s lungs and stores air as a bird breathes 9. Blood vessel circuit that moves oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs, and oxygen-rich blood back to the heart 10. A type of reptile that deposits its eggs into an external nest 11. Breastbone 12. Blood vessel circuit that moves oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body 13. Shape of a wing in which the top surface is curved upward and the bottom surface is curved downward 14. A type of reptile that gives birth to live young 118 Vocabulary Practice Unit 8 Resource Book
15 C. What s the Difference? For each pair of words below, describe the difference between the two terms. 1. oviparous/viviparous 2. pulmonary circuit/systemic circuit 3. monotreme/eutherian 4. endotherm/ectotherm D. Stepped-Out Vocabulary Define each word. Then write two additional facts that are related to the word. WORD DEFINITION MORE INFORMATION Example mammal 1. marsupial 2. monotreme 3. eutherian an endothermic animal that has hair, mammary glands, middle ear with three bones, and jaw adapted for chewing includes monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians a human is a mammal CHAPTER 26 A Closer Look at Amniotes Unit 8 Resource Book Vocabulary Practice 119
16 E. Define It Define the words in the boxes, using words, phrases, or complete sentences. 1. AMNIOTE REPTILES BIRDS MAMMALS CHAPTER 26 A Closer Look at Amniotes 5. OVIPAROUS 6. VIVIPAROUS 7. MONOTREME 8. MARSUPIAL 9. EUTHERIAN 120 Vocabulary Practice Unit 8 Resource Book
17 CHAPTER 27 ANIMAL BEHAVIOR Vocabulary Practice stimulus innate operant conditioning inclusive fitness kinesis releaser survivorship kin selection taxis habituation territoriality eusocial circadian rhythm imprinting optimal foraging cognition biological clock imitation pheromone insight instinct classical conditioning altruism cultural behavior CHAPTER 27 Animal Behavior A. Word Origins Circle the Greek and Latin word parts in each vocabulary term. Then use the Greek and Latin meanings to construct a very basic definition of the vocabulary word. circa = around habitus = condition or habit pherein = to carry cognoscere = to learn innasci- = to be born in socius = companion eu- = good instinctus = impulse stimulare = to goad, prod, or urge dies = day kinein = to move terra = earth WORD 1. cognition 2. instinct 3. kinesis 4. pheromone 5. circadian rhythm 6. habituation 7. stimulus 8. eusocial 9. innate 10. territoriality DEFINITION Unit 8 Resource Book Vocabulary Practice 147
18 CHAPTER 27 Animal Behavior B. Who Am I? Choose among these terms to answer the riddles below: biological clock imprinting releaser circadian rhythm insight stimulus cognition optimal foraging survivorship imitation pheromone taxis 1. I am a type of information that has the potential to make an organism change its behavior: 2. I am the daily cycle of activity that occurs over a 24 hour period: 3. I am a signal that makes an animal run through a specific behavior: 4. I am the number of individuals that survive from one year to the next: 5. I am a theory that states that natural selection should favor behaviors that get animals the most calories for the cost: 6. I am a chemical released by an animal that affects the behavior of other individuals of the same species: 7. I am the mental process of knowing through perception or reasoning: 8. I am movement in a specific direction, either toward or away from a stimulus: 9. I am the ability to solve a problem mentally without repeated trial or error: 10. I am the rapid and irreversible learning process that occurs only during a short time in an animal s life: 11. I am an internal mechanism that controls circadian rhythms: 12. I am a type of learning in which an animal learns by observing the behaviors of other animals: 148 Vocabulary Practice Unit 8 Resource Book
19 C. What s the Connection? For each pair of words below, explain how they are connected. 1. kinesis/taxis CHAPTER 27 Animal Behavior 2. innate/releaser 3. classical conditioning/operant conditioning 4. altruism/eusocial 5. circadian rhythm/biological clock D. Situational Vocabulary Circle the letter of the situation that most closely relates to each vocabulary word. 1. altruism: a) volunteering at a hospital; b) taking the first piece of cake 2. taxis: a) going inside when it starts to rain; b) wandering aimlessly through the hallways between class 3. imitation: a) creating your own dance moves to go with a song; b) learning a new play at basketball practice 4. territoriality: a) protecting the goal during a soccer game; b) letting the other team score 5. insight: a) solving a problem by trial-and-error; b) choosing the right length of stick to knock an apple off a tree branch Unit 8 Resource Book Vocabulary Practice 149
20 CHAPTER 27 Animal Behavior E. Crossword Puzzle Use the clues to solve the puzzle. Across 2. A chemical released by an animal that affects the behavior of other animals of the same species 5. A behavior that is spread through a population by learning, rather than by selection 6. A behavior that is performed correctly the first time an animal tries it 7. A signal that triggers innate behaviors 8. A movement in a specific direction 10. The total number of genes an animal and its relatives contributes to the next generation 11. A daily cycle of activity Down 1. An internal mechanism that controls circadian rhythms 3. A behavior in which an animal learns to ignore a repeated stimulus 4. Natural selection that acts on alleles that favor the survival of close relatives 9. The ability to solve a problem mentally without repeated trial and error Vocabulary Practice Unit 8 Resource Book
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