Airport and Airline Access. Airport and Airline Access

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Airport and Airline Access. Airport and Airline Access"

Linette Fletcher
7 years ago
Views:

1 Airport and Airline Access Dr. Richard de Neufville Professor of Systems Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Airport and Airline Access Objective: To identify key issues and provide detailed guidelines Topics User Needs Trends in Development Standard Notions of Airport Access Cost Effectiveness Analysis Policy Conclusions Detailed Guidelines

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Airport and Airline Access Objective: To identify key issues

2 User Needs (I) Most airport traffic is to suburbs Travelers, employees, and others each comprise about 1/3 of airport traffic Employees mostly in suburbs Suppliers mostly in suburbs Travelers: about half to suburbs, half to city center Conclusion: Only about 1/6 of airport access traffic to city center User Needs (II) Traffic to city center alone is not enough to justify mass transit Example analysis 25 million total passengers airport with 20 % transfers => 10,000,000 enplanement airport About 30,000 passengers/day About 15,000 passengers/day to city center If mass transit mode split is 50% (which would be excellent), this gives it 7,500 passengers per day Since capacity of rail line is about 7,500 passengers/hour Airport traffic to city unlikely to justify mass transit

Example analysis 25 million total passengers airport with 20 % transfers => 10,000,000 enplanement airport About 30,000 passengers/day About 15,000 passengers/day to city center If mass transit

3 User Needs (III) Travelers put priority on reliability of travel time Making the flight is most important Direct travel, without changing modes, is an important part of travelers confidence in reliability of access Travelers do not put priority on speed of travel to airport Travelers typically arrive early 50% arrive an hour early A Standard Concept of Airport Access Travel to/from airport is too slow Crawling in traffic is absurd compared to speed of aircraft Solution: High speed link between airport and city center Examples Paris -- RER London -- Paddington/Heathrow express

typically arrive early 50% arrive an hour early A Standard Concept of Airport Access Travel to/from airport is too slow Crawling in traffic is

4 A Standard Objection to High Speed Airport Access An issue of social justice: Why should air travelers get special treatment, compared to commuters? Air travelers a trivial fraction of urban congestion Air travelers also only a fraction of rush hour traffic to/from airport Balance are airport employees, etc. Example: 20% at San Francisco Examples of these objections New York -- Newark and Kennedy to downtown Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Airport Access For a Range of Conditions Size of Airport, Distance from city center Looked at Cost and Speed of Many Modes Taxi, Car, Bus, Bus on own right-of-way Rail, High-Speed Rail, Helicopter Can determine most attractive mode for various values of time

Example: 20% at San Francisco Examples of these objections New York -- Newark and Kennedy to downtown Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Airport Access For a Range of Conditions

5 Airport Access Cost vs. Time Tradeoffs BUS Total Travel Time LIMO TAXI BUSWAY AUTO EXPRESS AUTO / HOV VTOL HSR Total Cost of Trip Preferred Access Mode Depends on Traffic, Value of Time Value of Time TAXI AUTO EXPRESS AUTO / HOV BUSWAY BUS Traffic Volume

6 Results of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Customers prefer Rubber-tired access These offer better service to most customers because they are: Faster, because direct (no need to go to station) and eliminates schedule delay Less Capital intensive (at margin: people own cars) Also (not included in analysis) these vehicles can distribute traffic around city, not just to central city, this is most important to employees When is rail access effective? A metropolitan rail net exists, so that:.cost of extension to airport is relatively small Highway access difficult (example: to airport islands or congested areas) As a pollution control measure Thus: Many rail systems exist and many being developed

city, not just to central city, this is most important to employees When is rail access effective? A metropolitan rail net exists, so that:.

7 Rail Access To Airports (Europe, part 1) Country City Airport High Speed Intercity Metropolitan Austria Vienna by 2004? Belgium Brussels Denmark Copenhagen u. c France Germany Lyon Paris de Gaulle Orly Berlin Schonefield u.c. Dresden Duesseldorf Frankfurt Hamburg u.c Hannover u. c. Koeln-Bonn u.c Leipzig-Halle u.c u.c u.c Munich Stuttgart Rail Access To Airports (Europe, part 2) Greece Athens u.c Italy Milan Malpensa Rome Fuimicino Netherlands Amsterdam Norway Oslo Spain Barcelona Madrid Sweden Arlanda Switzerland United Kingdom Geneva Zuerich Birmingham Gatwick London Heathrow Stansted Manchester Newcastle

c. 2001 u.c. 2001 u.c. 2001 Munich Stuttgart Rail Access To Airports (Europe, part 2) Greece Athens u.c. 2004 Italy Milan Malpensa Rome Fuimicino Netherlands

8 Rail Access To Airports (Asia and Australia) Country City Airport Intercity Metropolitan Australia Sydney China Shanghai Pudong u.c. Hong Kong Chek Lap Kok Osaka Shin Kansai Sapporo Shin Chitose Japan Haneda Tokyo Narita Korea Seoul Incheon u.c. 2005? Gimpo u.c. 2007? Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Sepang Philippines Manila u.c. Singapore Singapore Changi Thailand Bangkok Rail Access To Airports (United States) Atlanta Baltimore Boston Logan Chicago Midway Chicago O'Hare Cleveland New York Kennedy u.c. 2004? New York Newark New York LaGuardia u.c. 2006? Philadelphia Portland (Oregon) San Francisco International 2003? St. Louis Washington, D.C. Reagan

Atlanta Baltimore Boston Logan Chicago Midway Chicago O'Hare Cleveland New York Kennedy u.c. 2004? New York Newark New York LaGuardia u.c. 2006?

9 Role of People Movers People movers are trains that cover short distances -- horizontal elevators They constitute major innovation in design of passenger buildings They resolve tension between Desire to concentrate passengers Need to space aircraft widely They link landside and airside buildings or landside and remote parking, stations... People Movers at U.S. Airports City Airport Landside Midfield Atlanta Chicago O'Hare Cincinnati Dallas/Ft.Worth Dallas/Ft.Worth Denver Detroit Wayne County Houston Bush LasVegas Miami International Minneapolis/St.P International New York Newark Orlando International Pittsburgh San Francisco International 2003 Seattle-Tacoma Tampa Washington Dulles planned

.. People Movers at U.S. Airports City Airport Landside Midfield Atlanta Chicago O'Hare Cincinnati Dallas/Ft.Worth Dallas/Ft.

10 People Movers at Airports in Europe & Asia Region Country City Airport Landside Midfield Europe Asia France Germany United Kingdom Frankfurt Dusseldorf Birmingham de Gaulle Orly u. c.? Gatwick Stansted Italy Rome Switzerland Zurich u.c China Hong Kong Chep Lak Kok Japan Paris London Osaka Shin Kansai Tokyo Haneda Korea Seoul Incheon Malaysia Kuala Lampur Sepang Singapore Singapore Changi Taiwan Taipei Thailand Bangkok Second A/P u.c.? Types of People Movers Two general types Self-propelled (motor on board) Cable-driven (lighter, shorter distances) Can be rubber-tired or steel-wheeled Many, many manufacturers However, a couple are beginning to dominate: Bombardier (Ex Adtranz and Westinghouse) -- rubber-tired, self-propelled, longer distances Poma/Otis -- cable driven, short distances

c China Hong Kong Chep Lak Kok Japan Paris London Osaka Shin Kansai Tokyo Haneda Korea Seoul Incheon Malaysia Kuala Lampur Sepang Singapore Singapore Changi Taiwan Taipei Thailand Bangkok Second A/P

11 Characteristics of Automated People Movers at US Airports Atlanta Airport Chicago/O Hare Cincinnati Dallas/Ft. Worth Denver Start of Service Total Length of Guideway (mi.) Total Number of Stations Houston/Intercontinental Las Vegas Miami New York/Newark Orlando Pittsburgh Seattle-Tacoma Tampa Source: Austin, T. (1993) Manufacturer Pax. Capacity Speed (kmh) Sites Installed AEG/Westinghouse Seatac; Tampa; Miami; Denver International; London/Gatwick - Stansted; Being installed: Frankfurt; Honolulu Matra up to 80 Chicago/O Hare; Paris/Orly Off Airport: Turin; Reims; Lille; Toulouse; Bordeaux; Jacksonville; Taipei Siemens H- Bahn Hanging monorail up to 60 Off airport: Dortmund; Erlangen Van Roll NY/Newark Off airport: Singapore; Hawaii; Dallas; Sydney; Birmingham Bombardier Advanced Light Rail Otis Cable Max: 1.7 km. Characteristics of Shuttle Systems for Passengers Source: General Engineering Consultant (NACO, Louis Berger), Off airport: Detroit People Mover; Vancouver Sky Train Tokyo/Narita

4 Total Number of Stations 10 12 53 28 32 7 Houston/Intercontinental Las Vegas Miami New York/Newark Orlando Pittsburgh Seattle-Tacoma Tampa Source: Austin, T.

Airport and Airline Access

Airport and Airline Access Dr. Richard de Neufville Professor of Systems Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Airport and Airline Access Objective: