Pecan Disease Management Mark Black, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Uvalde
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1 T. A. Lee Pecan Disease Management Mark Black, Texas AgriLife Extension Service, Uvalde
2 Scab Downy spot Powdery mildew Pecan diseases Crown gall Cotton root rot Root knot Kernel decay & contamination
3 Kernel decay or contamination Fungi, bacteria Contact with soil Moisture from soil, green leaves & shucks High temperatures Transit, drying, storage Mycotoxins Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. from feces -- grazing, wildlife
4 Pecan diseases Scab Downy spot Powdery mildew Sardanelli and Ellison, UMD Crown gall Cotton root rot Root knot Jon Eisenback, VPISU
5 Root knot, M. Black
6 Root knot; J. Johnson
7 Root knot, T.A. Lee
8 Root knot, T.A. Lee
9 J.A. Brito et al, 2006
10 Brito et al., 2006, Florida
11 Root knot nematode Meloidogyne partityla --Exclusion --Increased management, limit nut load --Freeze vulnerable? --Temik? --Terminate orchard Root knot
12 Scab Downy spot Powdery mildew Crown gall Cotton root rot Pecan diseases
13 Cotton root rot of Pecan -- a rootstock issue
14 Peanut
15 Apple
16 Apple
17 Scab Downy spot Powdery mildew Crown gall Pecan diseases
18
19
20
21 Crown gall (Bill Ree)
22 Crown gall, T.A. Lee
23 Scab Downy spot Powdery mildew Pecan diseases T. A. Lee
24 Powdery mildew UGA
25 Scab Downy spot Pecan diseases J. Johnson
26 Jason Brock, U. Georgia
27 Downy spot; Wichita vs. Western Schley
28 Downy spot; Wichita vs. Western
29 Downy spot
30 Downy spot; leaf scorch
31 Downy spot; Cape Fear, partial resistance
32 Winter Summer Winter Leaf debris Leaf debris ascospores Downy spot Leaf??? conidia
33 Downy spot Leaves only Defoliation Infection - late April to late June Variety partial resistance Fungicides (scab program)
34 Table 2. Variety reaction to downy spot Most susceptible -- Western, Pawnee, Desirable, Delmas, Moneymaker, Stuart Moderately susceptible -- Wichita, GraBohls, Cheyenne, Barton Moderately resistant -- Choctaw, Caddo, Mohawk, Kiowa, GraKing, Success, Cape Fear
35 Pecan diseases Scab Jason Brock, U. Ga.
36 Mature leaflets resistant to Scab
37 Shucks susceptible to Scab until late T. A. Lee
38 Shuck scab lesions depressed
39 Scab lesions with secondary fungus
40 Jerry A. Payne
41 Reduced nut size > Early nut drop > Lower % kernel > Leaf drop > Twig death Jason Brock, UGA
42 1-3 days 2 weeks resistant
43 Scab fungus Overwinter - shuck, leaf (rachis, petiole), twig Management - decay; pulverize shuck, harvest. Tree removal. Infection F (59-77 F) & >2-4 hr (>12 hr) leaf wetness Lesion days; expand 7-14 days Alert - spring & late summer; frequent showers (# events > total) Fungicides - variety, prophylactic, rotate / mix
44 Winter Summer Winter Debris, twig Shuck Leaf, twig Debris, twig Scab
45 Scab risk Region east to west gradient LA to CA Site, Management fungus life cycle Variety minimize susceptible, maximize resistant, diversity Weather frequent rains, mild temperatures AU-Pecan ( 0.1 rains and % rain chance for 5 days; by variety scab resistance level
46 Table 1. Variety reaction to scab Susceptible -- Apache, Hopi, Western, Wichita Moderately resistant -- Cheyenne, Desirable, Forkert, Oconee, Pawnee, Sioux, Waco More resistant -- Caddo, Choctaw, Elliott, Kanza, Melrose, Nacono, Osage [Apalachee, Lakota, Mandan]
47 Scab is not.
48 Scab Stress J. W. Stewart
49 Leaf scorch after drought stress; J. W. Stewart
50 Chemical injury T. A. Lee
51 Vein spot T. A. Lee
52 TPTH (30) Triazole (3) Strobilurin (11) Oxathiin (7) Dodine (M7) Super Tin, Agri Tin mixtures Enable, Folicur, Orbit, Quash Abound, Heritage Headline, Sovran Elast mixtures Fungicide big picture Stratego Quilt Adament Quadris Top Pristine 3 + M7; 30 + M7
53 Fungicide dilemma or opportunity? Class (group) Move? Activity Triazole (3) local cure > protect Strobilurin (11) local cure < protect TPTH (30) no protect Dodine (M7) no protect
54 Program for nut scab? Post-pollination is the critical period for protection. Decide what you want to spray during this time, and work from there 4 possibilities Adapted from Jason Brock, U. Georgia
55 April/May Enable or Propimax Headline or Sovran Stratego, Quilt, QuadrisTop DMI + Tin April/May Enable or Propimax Headline or Sovran Stratego, Quilt, QuadrisTop DMI + Tin June/July Tin or Elast + Tin June/July Tin or Elast + Tin Elast + Enable August Tin or Elast + Tin August Tin or Elast + Tin
56 DMI + Tin April/May April/May Headline or Sovran Stratego or Quilt June/July June/July Stratego or Quilt DMI + TIN August Tin or Elast + Tin August Tin or Elast + Tin
57 Questions?
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