Sustainable Supply Chain in Crises Management

Transcription

1 2015 IJSRST Volume 1 Issue 3 Prnt ISSN: Onlne ISSN: X Themed Secton: Engneerng and Technology Sustanable Supply Chan n Crses Marjan Mohammadjafar, Al Reza Hatamnya Department of Industral Engneerng, Kerman branch, Islamc Azad Unversty, Kerman, Iran ABSTRACT Durng dsaster, varous organzatons such as Red Cross or Red Crescent are often engaged wth sgnfcant problems regardng to supply chan management. Sustanable supply chan management s defned as a collaboraton between partners along supply chan to manage materals, nformaton and captal flow for an achevement of sustanablty along wth envronmental, economc and socal dmensons. The am of ths paper s to develop a new framework for dentfyng the effect of sustanablty concept on supply chan durng emergency condton. Havng a metculous and thorough approach n ths stage durng the system averts techncal and fnancal ssues durng the engagement wth emergency condton and operatonal stages. In ths paper, a VIKOR approach s utlzed to fnd the best compromse soluton. The most approprate path way to mprove the supply chan management towards sustanablty regardng to ICS n emergency management was dentfed. Keywords: Sustanable Supply Chan, dsaster, Crss, Emergency, ICS. I. INTRODUCTION Sustanable supply chan management (SSCM) s the ntegraton of two ndependent concepts: sustanablty and supply chan management. Seurng and Muller (2008) have defned sustanable supply chan management as the collaboraton between partners along supply chan to manage materals, nformaton and captal flow for an achevement of sustanablty along wth envronmental, economc and socal dmensons. From the perspectve of sustanablty, the pressures tend to effect throughout the entre product lfecycle along the supply chans; from product desgn, sourcng, manufacturng, dstrbuton, product use, to product end of lfe and recovery process (Lnton et al. 2007, Halldórsson et al. 2009). On the other hand, one of the man renforced arm durng dsasters s an agle supply chan durng emergency management process. The term emergency, means unexpected and potentally dangerous stuaton, requrng mmedate acton, can descrbe a broad range of stuatons. These may vary from the most mnor, whch are dealt by persons wthout emergency servces nvolvement, through normal emergences, whch nvolve response by one or more of the prncpal emergency servces, to major emergences (Lndell et al. 2006). Durng dsaster, varous organzatons such as Red Cross or Red Crescent are often engaged wth sgnfcant problems of transportng large amounts of many dfferent necessary materal ncludng food, clothng, medcne, medcal supples, machnery, and personnel from dfferent locatons to dfferent destnatons n the effected cordons. Sustanablty n supply chan helps speed up the transportaton of supples and relef personnel to maxmze the survval rate of the affected populaton and mnmze the cost of such operatons (Mnner 2003). However, the man queston s that How t can become sustanable? It s clear that there are 3 major sustanablty factors as envronmental factors, economc factors and socal factors (Mohamad et al.. On the other hand, the man controllng center for managng the flow of resources and servces s the ncdent command system (ICS). Incdent Command System (ICS) has become a prmary tool used to reduce the mpact of dsaster onset after makng destructon to the nfrastructures of the communty (Rahman et al. 2015). It was developed to create a standardzed approach for relef forces to use n order to conduct an effcent response effort (Zhang and She. However, the tradtonal ncdent IJSRST Receved: 22 June 2015 Accepted: 18 July 2015 July-August 2015 [(1)3: 16-20] 16

2 Optmzatons Economc consderaton Mappng the talents Capacty estmaton Respects Collaboraton Waste Envronmental Concern management approach s a step-by-step approach, whch s ndependently and largely performed wth lmted coordnaton among nvolved stockholders. It s essental that every engaged forces nvolved n the response operaton work effectvely and effcently to mnmze the ncdent response tme (McGrath and Hall. Dfferent studes tres to transpose the concept of sustanablty to the framework of ICS. Table 1 tres to defne ths path and help to dentfy the evaluatng factors of sustanable ICS for mplementaton on supply chan management procedures. TABLE 1 MATRIX OF ICS VERSUS SUSTAINABILITY FACTORS Envronmental Socal Economc ICS Operatons Engaged Engaged Engaged Engaged x x x x (Kapucu 2006, Kapucu et al. 2010) (Parrllo et al. 2013, Snghry et al. 2014, Rahman et al. 2015) (Kremers et al. 2010, Schreber Plannng Engaged x Engaged Engaged Engaged Engaged Engaged Engaged (McGrath and Hall (Kapucu 2006, Kapucu et al. 2010) (Kremers et al. 2010, Schreber Logstc Engaged Engaged Engaged x Engaged x Engaged Engaged (McGrath and Hall (Parrllo et al. 2013, Snghry et al. 2014, Rahman et al. 2015) (Kremers et al. 2010, Schreber Fnance x x Engaged x x Engaged Engaged Engaged (Kapucu 2006, Kapucu et al. 2010, Rahman et al. 2015) (Smth et al. 2012, Parrllo et al. 2013, Snghry et al. 2014, Rahman et al. 2015) (Kapucu 2006, Kapucu et al. 2010) Thus t s very mportant to use ths factors to ntegrate dfferent parts of supply chan management system. Based on the prevous studes there are dfferent pathway to mprove supply chan procedures. One of these path s accordngly energy besde savng resources (Adetunj 2008). Moreover waste management, servce qualty, health and safety and nnovaton management are other paths to mprove the supply chan management (Vrjhoef and Koskela 2000, Tah and Carr 2001, McCullen and Towll 2002, Halldórsson et al. 2009, Ho 2009, Sanaye et al. 2010). However, t s very mportant to dentfy the connectvty nfo-graph of these pathway wth sustanablty durng emergency condton. Fgure 1 llustrate ths nfographc concept. Innovaton Health and Safety Servce Qualty Waste and Resource Energy Economy Socal Operaton Plannng Logstc Envronmental Fnance Fgure 1: nfo graphc concept Internatonal Journal of Scentfc Research n Scence and Technology ( 17

3 The am of ths paper s to develop a new framework for dentfyng the effect of sustanablty concept on supply chan durng emergency condton. It s clear that, the leadng of flow n emergency management supply chan s n the hand of ICS. Thus, t s very mportant to mprove the relablty of ICS sectors regardng to sustanablty concept to develop a new sustanable supply chan framework. II. METHODS AND MATERIAL In ths research, the structured ntervew was employed to dentfy the weght of each sustanablty crtera for mprovng supply chan management model. Furthermore, the VIKOR model was appled to evaluate the rate of effectveness of each of the ICS sectors accordng to sustanablty concept. Ratng and dentfyng the prorty of pathway n sustanable supply chan s a MADM problem. For ths problem, the decson s made from the courses of acton (sortng and rankng) n presence of multple, usually conflctng, attrbutes. There are several methods for solvng the MCDM problems specfed n lterature (Jahan et al. 2010). However, prevous methods were more focusng on smple comparatve procedures between dfferent crtera. Ths method was not relable whle the focus pont of study was more on quanttatve values and crtera such as hydrodynamc forces and structural stabltes. On the other hand, some crtera such as protecton, flexblty and fnancal concerns were not consdered n contnues scales. The VIKOR method can solve ths short come of prevous methods. VIKOR (VIseKrterjumska Optmzacja Kompromsno Resenje) s a mult-attrbute decson makng technque wth a smple computaton procedure whch consders the closeness to deal alternatve. In the lterature, there are many studes, whch have benefted from VIKOR method. Moreover, some studes conducted a comparatve analyss of VIKOR and TOPSIS (Technque for Order Preference by Smlarty to Ideal Soluton) methods wth a numercal example (Oprcovc and Tzeng 2004, Kaya and Kahraman 2010). Ths method focuses on rankng a set of alternatves for a problem wth conflctng crtera, to determne a feasble soluton whch s the closest to the deal soluton, by takng nto account the decson makers mutual concessons(oprcovc and Tzeng 2002, Oprcovc and Tzeng 2004, Oprcovc and Tzeng 2007). The Q mathematcal formulaton of the crsp VIKOR approach s starts wth equaton 1. 1 n p p L pj w f f f f p j j,1 ; 1,2 (, 0 1) Where, the ratng of the th aspect s denoted by fj for alternatve aj. Furthermore, w represents the weght of the th ndcator and f* s the maxmum number (best) and f- represents the mnmum number (worst) values of all crteron functons for alternatve aj. IN VIKOR method, the values of Q were determned n the seventh step by the followng relaton (Eq.18). S S S S R R R R 1 (2 ) Where S / R and S / R are the maxmum and mnmum values acheved n each category. s ntroduced as a weght for the strategy of maxmum group utlty. The value of les n the range of 0 to1. In Eq. 16 & 17, > 0.5 ndcates that S s emphaszed more than R, whle for < 0.5, R s emphaszed more. When s equal to 1, t represents a decson-makng process that could use the strategy of maxmzng group utlty, as occurred n the tradtonal VIKOR approach. Whenever s equal to zero, t shows a process that could apply a mnmum ndvdual regret strategy that s found among maxmum ndvdual regrets/gaps of lower level crtera for each alternatve. III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION After evaluaton of the responses acheved from survey, the frst step was weghtng of crtera. The results show that of the experts are approved that the socal factors have the hghest mpact on supply flow. As t s llustrated n table 2 the economy factors follow socal factors wth 4 value. Thrd shows that the experts spend more concern on envronmental aspects. Table 2 Lngustc Weghtng Factors Internatonal Journal of Scentfc Research n Scence and Technology ( 18

4 However, 4 major pathways for mprovng the supply chan management was dentfed as Energy, Waste and Resource, servce qualty, health and safety and nnovaton management. Based on ths selecton the ntervewer we asked about the mpat of each of the sustanablty major crtera on these factors. The mean score of the results were calculated and used n VIKOR method. Thus the normalzed ratngs were calculated as t s presented n table 4. Table 3 Normalzed ratng values In the next step the weghted values for each factors were calculated accordngly (Fgure 2). In ths research, accordng to the second step of methodology, the mentoned performance weghts collected from ntervews as shown n prevous Tables. Moreover, The best value and worst value performance score of alternatves wth respect to each crteron were dentfed X j X j and denoted as and.table 5 defnes the amount of X j X j and for each crteron. Accordng to the sxth step S the amounts of R and were calculated. Fgure 2: weghted varables Fgure 3: Comparatve results for VIKOR method However, for (as for the tradtonal VIKOR), servce qualty acheved the hghest rank among the other technologes. Ths was the same result that had been advsed by panel of experts durng ntervew. Consequently, f a strategy of maxmzng group utlty was targeted by decson makers, then servce qualty was the best choce. However, Q(servce qualty) Q(Innovaton) > 0.25 Thus, the servce qualty agan should be assgned as the best solutons. The VIKOR approach reveals a more precse result and the result s also not so rgd. On the other hand, ths approach prepares applcable rankng n contrast wth conventonal qualtatve method. Therefore, based on the consdered strategy for polcy makng process, one can decde whch alternatve s the best soluton and whch one have the most opportunty to be the best soluton. IV. CONCLUSION Dfferent categores of concepts are nvestgated as possble pathway to mprove supply chan management towards sustanablty by former. Focusng on rankng and selectng from a set of alternatves n the presence of conflctng crtera regardng to ICS n emergency management and sustanablty crtera by a VIKOR approach acheves a more precse result rather than the conventonal type appled n former research. Selectng of a best strategy for mprovement of supply chan management s often nfluenced by uncertanty n practce. Moreover, the fact that determnng the exact values of the crtera s dffcult or mpossble suggests consderng them n lngustc terms. By provdng a maxmum group utlty for the majorty, ths approach determnes a compromse soluton that s approved by former results. However, If the consensus of a maxmum group utlty for the majorty, and a mnmum of ndvdual regret for the opponent s requred, then, also the servce qualty whch s followed by nnovaton management could also be assgned as the approprate concept for strategy of mprovement. Flexblty s one of the sgnfcant characterstc of ths proposed approach. Ths approach performs assessng and rankng alternatves to acheve a best framework for mprovng supply chan management towards sustanablty regardng to ICS n emergency management. Internatonal Journal of Scentfc Research n Scence and Technology ( 19

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