MONITORING INSTABILITY PHENOMENA AT REGIONAL AND LOCAL SCALE WITH RADAR SATELLITE DATA
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1 MONITORING INSTABILITY PHENOMENA AT REGIONAL AND LOCAL SCALE WITH RADAR SATELLITE DATA Davide Colombo Tele-Rilevamento Europa Cagli, June 2009 COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa Copyright - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
2 The PSInSAR technology Measuring displacements from space +5 [mm/yr] -5 Rome COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
3 The Basic Idea 1 st acquisition 2 nd acquisition Δt = 35 day (ERS) R1 R2 Area affected by surface deformation Detection of possible range variations ΔR COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
4 Abruzzo Earthquake, Apr 6th 2009 Coseismic interferogram ENVISAT satellite Dates: COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
5 PSInSAR : multi image approach R1 R2 Rn ΔR12 displacement ΔR12 PS ΔR n t1 t2 tn ΔR n time COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
6 What is a Permanent Scatterer? PS are radar targets exhibiting stable radar returns: buildings, manufacts, pipelines, antenna, poles, outcrops, exposed rocks... COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
7 Measurements along the Line Of Sight (LOS) LOS θ PS d PS d real COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
8 PSInSARTM Analysis typical output Deformation field Close up Displacement Time Series of a Permanent Scatterer COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
9 Accuracy Common to differential GPS, all PS measurements are differential measurements with respect to a reference radar target. The accuracy depends on many factors: # of images, PS density, climatic conditions, distance from the GCP, etc. Typical < 1 km from the reference point POSITIONING Easting Northing Height Precision (1σ) 7 m 2 m 1,5 m LOS Displacement Average Displacement Rate Single Measurement Precision (1σ) <1 mm/yr <5 mm COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
10 PSInSAR : a multi-scale technology From a regional scale to the single building! San Francisco Bay Area COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
11 PSInSAR : main applications Subsidence Landslides Seismic Faults Single Building COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
12 PSInSAR APPLICATIONS COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
13 Oil field monitoring: Long Beach, CA Long Beach, CA COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
14 CO2 Sequestration: North Africa An in depth analysis of the data will be presented at the next SEG conference Las Vegas, Nov COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
15 Landslide, Alps +5-5 mm/yr COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
16 Seismic Faults and Volcano Etna +15 Displacements velocity -15 [mm/year] COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
17 Linear Infrastructure Motorway, Northern Italy COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
18 Settlement of Buildings The Palm, Dubai COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
19 Collapse of Kölner Stadtarchiv 3/3/2009 COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
20 Köln Transportation system and PS data Railraod Underground metro line Underground new tunnel Stadtarchiv COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
21 Kölner Stadtarchiv - Severinstrasse March 3rd, 2009, at approximately 14:00, the Kölner Stadtarchiv collapsed. The building was inaugurated in It was a highly sophisticated building purposely built with the needs of a modern archive in mind. The nearby high school across the street had dismissed its' students at around 13:00. COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
22 Kölner Stadtarchiv - Severinstrasse D C PS map F E -5 [mm/year] +5 COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
23 Deformation Time Series C D COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
24 Deformation Time Series E F COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
25 EMILIA ROMAGNA CASE STUDY COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
26 EMILIA ROMAGNA case study Customer: Numero track Numero immagini ARPA Emilia Romagna - Ingegneria Ambientale IT Delivery Date: 31/01/2007 ERS : Satellite: ERS and ENVISAT Orbit: Descending and Ascending Time range: June Number of Images: >500 Area of Interest: ~ km 2 Number of PS identified: > Regional PS analysis 100 m COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
27 Results: ERS D COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
28 Results: ENVISAT A COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
29 Bologna Bologna COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
30 Romagna Basins PS results compared with levelling surveys Perfect agreement of results Fonte: Alberto Pistocchi, PhD - Autorità dei bacini regionali romagnoli Poppi 2004 COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
31 ALPINE REGION CASE STUDY COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
32 Introduzione 250 immagini radar processate Kmq elaborati > PS individuati 400 immagini radar processate Kmq elaborati > PS individuati 600 immagini radar processate Kmq elaborati > PS individuati COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
33 PS in alpin region: validation campain COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
34 Elaborazione ERS1-ERS2 Valle d Aosta Estensione AOI: km 2 Tipologia di analisi: Standard PS Analysis (SPSA) Satellite utilizzato: ERS1-ERS2 Geometria di acquisizione: ascendente e discendente Numero PS individuati: asce desce Range Temporale e immagini processate asce: o Track 301 La Salle: immagini 32 ( ) o Track 29 Chatillon: immagini 50 ( ) Range Temporale e immagini processate desce: o Track 294 Courmayeur - La Thuile: immagini 80 ( ) o Track 22 Cogne - Chatillon: immagini 89 ( ) COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
35 Dataset ascendente COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
36 Dataset discendente COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
37 Case history 1: dati PS discendenti ascendenti COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
38 Case history 1: dati PS (dettaglio) COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
39 Case history 1: informazioni generali COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
40 Case history 1: GPS vs PS /1 VOL1 - spostamenti verticali mm /11/01 01/11/02 01/11/03 31/10/04 31/10/05 31/10/06 31/10/07 data PS [mm] Vollein PS vs GPS: A8L05 vs VOL1 A8L /04/92 06/04/94 05/04/96 05/04/98 04/04/00 04/04/02 03/04/04 03/04/06 02/04/08 Date VOL1 Lineare (VOL1) Lineare (A8L05) GPS along LOS [mm] PS time history GPS projected along LOS COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
41 Case history 1: GPS vs PS /2 VOL3 - spostamenti verticali mm /11/01 01/11/02 01/11/03 31/10/04 31/10/05 31/10/06 31/10/07 data PS [mm] Vollein PS vs GPS: A8J4S vs VOL3 A8J4S /04/92 06/04/94 05/04/96 05/04/98 04/04/00 04/04/02 03/04/04 03/04/06 02/04/08 Date VOL3 Lineare (VOL3) Lineare (A8J4S) GPS along LOS [mm] PS time history GPS projected along LOS COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
42 Case history 1: GPS vs PS /3 VOL6 - spostamenti verticali mm /11/01 01/11/02 01/11/03 31/10/04 31/10/05 31/10/06 31/10/07 data PS [mm] A8I32 VOL6 Lineare (A8I32) Vollein PS vs GPS: A8I32 vs VOL /04/92 06/04/94 05/04/96 05/04/98 04/04/00 04/04/02 03/04/04 03/04/06 02/04/08 Date GPS along LOS [mm] PS time history GPS projected along LOS COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
43 Case history 1: considerazioni di sintesi La frana, riattivata durante l evento meteo dell ottobre 2000, è parte di un estesa DGPV I dati PS consentono di caratterizzare l evoluzione della DGPV prima dell evento di ottobre Alla scala della frana: il confronto tra i dati PS e le misure GPS proiettate lungo la LOS indicano un incremento della velocità di spostamento dopo la riattivazione di ottobre 2000 Alla scala della DGPV: il confronto tra dati PS e dati GPS proiettati lungo la LOS non indicano variazioni di velocità di spostamento della DGPV dopo l evento dell ottobre 2000 COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
44 THE ITALIAN INTERFEROMETRIC DATABASE COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
45 First Interferometric Database on a National Level The Italian Ministry of the Environment has awarded a multi-million euro contract to provide the Italian Government with the first interferometric database for surface deformation analysis on a national level. > 300,000 sqkm > 12,000 ESA data ( ) > 24-month project > 5,3 M TRE will be in charge of the processing of the whole satellite archive acquired over Italy by the ESA-ERS sensors between 1992 and January 2001 (~10,000 radar scenes). COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
46 OUTLOOK and FUTURE DEVELOPMENT COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
47 Permanent Scatteres: easy-to-use data Geographic Information System COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
48 Data delivered dbf file -Code: PS identification code -Lat: PS latitude (elipsoide WGS 84) -Lon: PS longitude (elipsoide WGS 84) -Vel: PS average velocity in mm/year (with respect to the reference point) (REF) -V_Stdev: estimated velocity standard deviation with respect to to the reference point -Coherence: quality mesure (between 0 and 1) -Daaaammgg: displacement values of successive acquisitions [mm] related to each PS COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
49 Time Series Selection and Visualization in GIS COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
50 Comparing PSInSAR with traditional techniques PSInSAR technique is complementary with other traditional methods used for the reconstruction of a fully 3D deformation field: Valuable help for appropriate location of GPS stations Systematic errors can be removed using permanent GPS Different spatial sampling The accuracy of PS measurements has been proven by means of comparison with optical levelling, thermal expansion and GPS COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
51 Radar Satellites Today and tomorrow ERS1 ERS2 ENVISAT RADARSAT-1 (on demand) April 2003 ALOS RADARSAT-2 Cosmo Sky-Med Italian archive (financed by TRE) TerraSAR-X COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
52 High Resolution radar images COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
53 HR data vs. standard C-band images RadarSat StdBeam Ground Resolution ~ 5m x 20m COSMO-SkyMed Ground Resolution ~ 2m x 2m COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
54 Cosmo-SkyMed high resolution images COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
55 High-Resolution X-Band TerraSAR data COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
56 Venice PS Position COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
57 Venice Santa Maria della Salute PS HEIGHT [m] PS VEL [mm/year] 73m m -10 COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
58 PS Time Series: an example COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
59 Conclusions PSInSAR TM advantages: high precision; quantitative and reliable data; fast data processing; regular updates; cost-effective. Historical archives of radar data can be extremely valuable PSInSAR TM overcomes most of the limitations related to conventional DInSAR. Limitations: existing satellite radar data archive not available worldwide. In the next future more and more satellite data will be available and SAR measurements will become a standard monitoring tool. COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
60 Tele-Rilevamento Europa Via Vittoria Colonna, Milano Italia TRE Canada Inc. # Granville Street Vancouver, BC, V6C 1T2 Canada COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
61 Prodotti PSInSAR Local area Aree da 1 a 100 kmq: frane o sinkhole pianificazione urbana bacini di estrazione impianti Regional area Aree da 50 kmq fenomeni di deformazione estesi subsidenze faglie sismiche giacimenti, miniere Linear Structures Single building Strutture lineari presenti sul territorio: condotte autostrade ferrovie Metanodotti linee elettriche Analisi circoscritta a singoli edifici in aree urbane Attualmente disponibile solo su ROMA COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
62 ELABORAZIONE MULTI DATASET Individuazione Track/Frame Elaborazione per Siti Risultato PS COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
63 Satellite radar systems available ERS1 ERS2 ENVISAT RADARSAT-1 April 2003 ALOS-PALSAR RADARSAT-2 Cosmo Sky-Med Italian archive TerraSAR-X COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
64 A look at the future SAOCOM ALOS-PALSAR RADARSAT-2 Cosmo Sky-Med Constellation TerraSAR-X Tandem-X Sentinel-1&2 ENVISAT COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa 2009
65 Emilia Romagna: territorio di pianura 500 immagini radar processate Kmq elaborati > PS individuati (low resolution) COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
66 Risultati ENVISAT Discendente COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
67 Track 122 Nord COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
68 Track 122 SUD COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
69 Track 394 COPYRIGHT - Tele-Rilevamento Europa
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