Evaluation of inside surface condensation in double glazing window system with insulation spacer: A case study of residential complex

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Evaluation of inside surface condensation in double glazing window system with insulation spacer: A case study of residential complex"

Transcription

1 Building and Environment 42 (2007) Evaluation of inside surface condensation in double glazing window system with insulation spacer: A case study of residential complex Seung-Yeong Song a,, Jae-Hun Jo b, Myoung-Souk Yeo b, Young-Don Kim b, Kyoo-Dong Song c a Department of Architecture, Ewha University, 11-1 Daehyun-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul , Korea b Department of Architecture, Seoul National University, Seoul , Korea c School of Architecture, Hanyang University (Ansan), Gyeonggi-do , Korea Received 4 August 2005; received in revised form 26 August 2005; accepted 21 October 2005 Abstract Aluminum spacer used to keep the glass panes apart acts as a thermal bridge that increases the risk of inside surface condensation due to its high thermal conductivity. In this study, the inside surface condensation in double glazing window systems with conventional aluminum spacer and insulation spacers made of thermally broken aluminum and thick-walled plastic, respectively, is evaluated. Evaluation method and judgment criteria for preventing inside surface condensation are suggested. Thermal characteristics of window system in residential unit are analyzed and two-dimensional steady state heat transfer simulation is carried out in order to obtain the lowest inside surface temperature. The results show that the application of insulation spacer can substantially increase the lowest inside surface temperature, temperature difference ratio and inside air humidity for preventing inside surface condensation and satisfy the required minimum temperature difference ratio. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Double glazing window system; Surface condensation; Insulation spacer; Warm edge technology 1. Introduction Double glazing window system is commonly used in buildings of today. The insulation performance of this double glazing window system is influenced by many factors such as glass type, thermal breaker in frame, spacer, etc. There have been many attempts to improve the insulation performance of this system such as low-e coating of glass surface, gas-filling between the glass panes, inserting a thermal breaker made of polyurethane or polyamide in frame, etc. However, aluminum spacer that is used to keep the glass panes apart still acts as a thermal bridge that increases the risk of inside surface condensation and heat loss due to its high thermal conductivity. Since inside surface condensation may cause many problems such as obstructing a view, damage to the interior finish, Corresponding author. Tel.: ; fax: address: archssy@ewha.ac.kr (S.-Y. Song). freezing in a colder climate, etc., it is necessary to be prevented (see Fig. 1). Therefore, in this study, the inside surface condensation in double glazing window systems with conventional aluminum spacer and insulation spacers made of thermally broken aluminum and thick-walled plastic, respectively, was evaluated. The window system of residential unit at the A residential complex located in Busan, Korea was selected. The lowest inside surface temperature was calculated by the two-dimensional steady state heat transfer simulation. In this simulation, it was determined whether the inside surface condensation occurred or not under the various combinations of inside air temperature, humidity and outside air temperature by the dimensionless number of temperature difference ratio. In addition, it was examined whether the minimum temperature difference ratio, which was suggested as judgment criteria for preventing inside surface condensation pursuant to Korean Building Code, was satisfied or not /$ - see front matter r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi: /j.buildenv

2 S.-Y. Song et al. / Building and Environment 42 (2007) Nomenclature T DR T is-min T o T i T c T oc temperature difference ratio the lowest inside surface outside air inside air inside air dew point outside air temperature at which the inside surface condensation begins (1C) q 00 heat flux (W/m 2 ) U overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m) h i inside surface heat transfer coefficient (W/ m 2 1C) T is inside surface T DRW the minimum temperature difference ratio to satisfy the insulation performance requirement for window system in the Code 2. Present condition of insulation spacer Spacers are generally made of aluminum and available in a variety of shapes, sizes and finishes. The primary purpose of the spacer is to maintain the air gap between the panes of glass. It also acts as the container of the desiccant and to control the depth of the perimeter sealant. Fig. 2 shows a cross section of a typical dual sealed double glazing unit [1]. A principal weakness that is observed in many multiple glazing units is the heat transfer that occurs through the aluminum spacer. To reduce this heat transfer, a few manufacturers now offer spacers with a significant insulation performance [1]. This reduces the thermal interaction between frame and glazing. In fact, in studies by Harris [2,3], the best insulation spacers were found to reduce the heat transfer through a simple window by 7.5% with conventional air-filled double glazing and by 11% with airfilled low-e double glazing (the performance gets better as the center glazing U-value is increased). The other advantage of insulation spacer is that the temperature of the warm side glass edge is also increased, which explains why insulation spacer was given the name warm edge spacer. With this insulation spacer, the occurrence of inside surface condensation can be reduced in the winter. We summarized the general types and characteristics of insulation spacer based on a market survey as shown in Table Evaluation method of inside surface condensation 3.1. Evaluation index of inside surface condensation The possibility of inside surface condensation occurring depends on the inside air temperature, humidity and outside air temperature. Thus, to evaluate inside surface condensation, we need to know whether the inside surface condensation will or will not occur under the various conditions. If there is an index with which we can determine whether the inside surface condensation will or will not occur under the various combinations of inside air temperature, humidity and outside air temperature, it would be easy to evaluate the inside surface condensation. For this, we can use the temperature difference ratio [4 7]. Temperature difference ratio (T DR ) is defined as the ratio of the difference between the lowest inside surface temperature (T is-min ) and the outside air temperature (T o ) to the difference between the inside air temperature (T i ) and the outside air temperature. Fig. 1. Inside surface condensation and freezing of double glazing window system. Fig. 2. Cross section of a dual sealed double glazing unit.

3 942 ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-Y. Song et al. / Building and Environment 42 (2007) Table 1 Types and characteristics of insulation spacer Types Products (manufacturers) Characteristics Thermally broken aluminum Warm light (Azon) As the two aluminum spacers are adhered to a resin thermal breaker with low Helitherm (Helima) thermal conductivity, heat transfer through spacer is decreased. It is possible to fabricate window system without changing existing equipments and manufacturing methods. Thick-walled plastic Swisspacer (SGG) Extruded FRP spacer is used. Inex (Inex spacer industries) The part that is connected to a sealant is coated with extremely thin aluminum foil for adhesion. Sealant with reinforcement Swiggle strip (Tremco) A thermoplastic mixed with drying agent is attached in aluminum strip and supplied in the form of tape. No additional sealant is required. Thin-walled stainless steel Intercept (PPG) Thin stainless-steel frame is attached to a drying agent. SST spacer (All metal) As thermal conductivity of stainless steel is lower than that of aluminum, the overall insulation performance is improved. Insulating foam Super spacer (Edgetech) Silicone foam rubber spacer is used. Supplied with self-adhesive tapes already in place. steady state conditions, the temperature difference ratio remains constant even though the inside and outside air temperatures change. Therefore, after obtaining the lowest inside surface temperature in any combinations of inside and outside air temperatures, the temperature difference ratio can be calculated using Eq. (1). After organizing Eq. (1) into Eq. (2), Eq. (3) can be calculated by replacing the lowest inside surface temperature with the inside air dew point temperature (T c ). Using Eq. (3), the outside air temperature at which the inside surface condensation begins (T oc ) can be obtained for any conditions. Dew point temperature is the temperature of moist air saturated at the same atmospheric pressure, with the same moisture content as that of the given moist air sample. Relative humidity is the ratio of the water vapor pressure in a given moist air sample to the water vapor pressure in an air sample saturated at the same temperature and atmospheric pressure [8]. At the same temperature and atmospheric pressure, dew point temperature becomes higher as relative humidity is increased. Water vapor pressure can be calculated with temperature and relative humidity and dew point temperature can be calculated with water vapor pressure [9]. The dew point temperature according to relative humidity for the case where the inside air temperature is 20 1C is shown in Table 2. In case where the inside air temperature is 20 1C, the temperature difference ratio and outside air temperature at which the inside surface condensation begins to each inside air humidity are illustrated in Fig. 3. This chart can be easily drawn with the outside air temperature at which the inside Table 2 Dew point temperature according to the relative humidity (temperature 20 1C, atmospheric pressure kpa) Relative humidity (%) Dew point Relative humidity (%) Outside air temperature at which the inside surface condensation begins, T oc ( C) % 30% 40%50% 20% A Dew point Inside relative humidity 60% 70% 80% 90% Temperature difference ratio, TDR (inside air temperature, T i = 20 C) Fig. 3. Temperature difference ratio and outside air temperature at which the inside surface condensation begins to each inside air humidity. B

4 S.-Y. Song et al. / Building and Environment 42 (2007) surface condensation begins obtained by applying the dew point temperature and temperature difference ratio (range: 0 1) to the right-hand side of Eq. (3). T DR ¼ T is- min T o T i T o, (1) T o ¼ T DR T i T is- min ; T is- min ¼ 4T c, (2) T DR 1 T oc ¼ T DR T i T c. (3) T DR 1 Using the temperature difference ratio and chart, the inside surface condensation can be evaluated easily under the various conditions. For example, in case where the inside air temperature, inside air humidity and outside air temperature are 20 1C, 30% and 10 1C, respectively, we can easily presume that the inside surface condensation will not occur when the temperature difference ratio exceeds 0.40 (see the point A in Fig. 3). Or, in case where the inside air temperature, outside air temperature and temperature difference ratio are 20 1C, 15 1C and 0.60, we can easily presume that the inside surface condensation will not occur when inside air humidity falls below 40% (see the point B in Fig. 3) Judgment criteria for preventing inside surface condensation In Korea, the required insulation performance of the window system is specified in the Code of Design Criteria for Energy Efficient Building [10] showing the overall heat transfer coefficient according to the material of window frame, gas layer thickness and type of glazing. In this study, this was used as criteria to decide whether the insulation performance of window system is capable of preventing inside surface condensation. In the steady state condition, heat flux can be calculated with Eq. (4). Inside surface temperature (T is ) can be calculated by using Eq. (5). Eq. (6) can be induced if the lowest inside surface temperature in Eq. (1) is replaced with inside surface temperature in Eq. (5). The minimum temperature difference ratio to satisfy the insulation performance requirement for window system in the Code (T DRW ) can be determined by Eq. (6). q 00 ¼ UðT i T o Þ¼h i ðt i T is Þ, (4) T is ¼ T i U h i ðt i T o Þ, (5) Outside air temperature ( C) January Maximum Average Minimum February March April May June Fig. 4. Annual outside air temperature distribution in Busan, Korea. July August September October November December Year Table 3 Required overall heat transfer coefficient in the Code [10] and the minimum temperature difference ratio to satisfy the insulation performance requirement Type of glazing Required overall heat transfer coefficient (U, W/m 2 1C) according to the material of window frame and the minimum temperature difference ratio to satisfy the insulation performance requirement (T DRW ) Metal Wood Plastic Without thermal breaker With thermal breaker Gas layer thickness (mm) Double glazing U T DRW Double glazing (Low-e) U T DRW Double glazing (Argon-filled) U T DRW Double glazing (Low-e, argon-filled) U T DRW Triple glazing U T DRW Single glazing U T DRW

5 944 ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-Y. Song et al. / Building and Environment 42 (2007) T DRW ¼ T is T o ¼ 1 U. (6) T i T o h i The required overall heat transfer coefficient in the Code (U) and the minimum temperature difference ratio calculated with Eq. (6) by applying the inside surface heat transfer coefficient (h i ) of 8.29 W/m 2 1C [8] are shown in Table 3. In this study, the insulation performance was considered to be suitable to prevent inside surface condensation, as long as the temperature difference ratio calculated by Eq. (1) with the lowest inside surface temperature is higher than the minimum temperature difference ratio to satisfy the insulation performance requirement. 4. Evaluation of inside surface condensation 4.1. Simulation outline In this study, the window system of residential unit at the A residential complex located in Busan, Korea was evaluated. Meteorological information of Busan is shown in Fig. 4 and Table 4. Thermal characteristics of window Table 4 Location and design condition for heating and cooling system sizing of Busan, Korea Latitude Longitude Outside air design condition Winter Summer Dry-bulb Relative humidity (%) Dry-bulb Wet-bulb Table 5 Boundary condition Part Air Surface heat transfer coefficient (W/m 2 1C) Inside 20.0 a 8.29 b Outside 5.3 c 34.0 b Glass cutting plane Adiabatic Analysis condition Convergence tolerance: 1e 006 Relaxation factor: 1.0 a Design condition for inside heating set point temperature. b ASHRAE [8]. c Outside air design condition for heating system sizing of Busan, Korea. Table 6 Input condition for frame cavity heat transfer calculation Radiation model Cavity model Gas fill Emissivity (aluminum to aluminum) Simplified a NFRC b Air Side c Side c a Radiation effects are modeled as an effective conductance based on the temperature and emissivity of the two parallel faces perpendicular to the heat flow [12,13]. b The effective conductivity is calculated based on a rectangle that fully encloses the cavity. Convection correlations are based on the handbook of heat transfer fundamentals [12,14]. c ASHRAE [8]. Table 7 Material property [12] Material Thermal conductivity (W/m 1C) Material Thermal conductivity (W/m 1C) Aluminum Polyisobutylene Desiccant (silica gel) Polyurethane thermal breaker a Glass fiber reinforced composite a Sealant Gasket a This value is measured in the Korea Institute of Construction Materials by the KS L 9016 [15].

6 S.-Y. Song et al. / Building and Environment 42 (2007) Fig. 5. Horizontal section drawing of evaluated window system. Table 8 Thermal characteristics of window system Center of glass U-value (W/m 2 1C) Total window U-value (W/m 2 1C) a a This value is for window system with aluminum spacer. It can be slightly varied with the spacer type. Fig. 6. External appearance of insulation spacer: (a) thermally broken aluminum spacer; (b) thick-walled plastic paper. system were analyzed by Window 5.2 program [11] developed by LBNL. Two-dimensional steady state heat transfer simulation was carried out by Therm 5.2 program [12] developed by LBNL in order to obtain the lowest inside surface temperature. In Therm simulation, inside and outside air temperatures were set to design condition. Surface heat transfer was calculated with surface heat transfer coefficient and temperature difference between surface and adjacent air [12] to simplify calculation. In frame cavity, heat flow was assumed to be horizontal. In horizontal heat flow, governing temperature difference is between the inside and outside vertical walls of the cavity. Radiation and convection effects were modeled as an effective conductance and effective conductivity, respectively. It was assumed that material is isotropic and material property is not varied with temperature changes. The boundary condition, input condition and material property for the simulation are shown in Tables 5 7. To increase the accuracy of simulation result, thermal conductivities of main materials composing the insulation spacers were measured particularly in the Korea Institute of Construction Materials by the KS L 9016 [15] Description of evaluated region and simulation cases Horizontal section drawing of evaluated window system is illustrated in Fig. 5. A 24 mm double clear glass with aluminum spacer was applied (6 mm clear glass+12 mm air space+6 mm clear glass). Mullion was made of aluminum and polyurethane thermal breaker was used in frame. Thermal characteristics of window system are shown in Table 8. In this study, thermally broken aluminum and thickwalled plastic spacers (see Fig. 6) were selected as alternatives to conventional aluminum spacer, taking into consideration the unit cost and its applicability to the domestic window system manufacturer. Geometry and material of each spacer are illustrated in Fig. 7. Fig. 7. Geometry and material of each spacer for evaluation: (a) conventional aluminum spacer; (b) thermally broken aluminum spacer; (c) thick-walled plastic spacer.

7 946 ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-Y. Song et al. / Building and Environment 42 (2007) Simulation results and discussions The lowest inside surface temperature was found at the meeting point of glazing and mullion (see Figs. 8 13). According to the two-dimensional steady state heat transfer simulation results, in case of conventional aluminum spacer, the lowest inside surface temperature and temperature difference ratio were 7.6 1C and 0.51, respectively. In case of thermally broken aluminum spacer, the lowest inside surface temperature and temperature Fig. 8. Temperature distribution (for conventional aluminum spacer) Fig. 11. Heat flux distribution (for thermally broken aluminum spacer). Fig. 9. Heat flux distribution (for conventional aluminum spacer). Fig. 12. Temperature distribution (for thick-walled plastic spacer). Fig. 10. Temperature distribution (for thermally broken aluminum spacer). Fig. 13. Heat flux distribution (for thick-walled plastic spacer).

8 S.-Y. Song et al. / Building and Environment 42 (2007) difference ratio were 9.8 1C and 0.60, respectively. In case of thick-walled plastic spacer, the lowest inside surface temperature and temperature difference ratio were C and 0.63, respectively. In case of thick-walled plastic spacer, the lowest inside surface temperature and temperature difference ratio were increased by 3.1 1C and 0.12, respectively, compared with the case of conventional aluminum spacer. The inside heating set point temperature of residential unit was designed to be C and the outside air design temperature for heating system sizing of Busan was 5.3 1C. The inside (18, 20 and 22 1C, respectively) and outside ( 15, 10, 5.3, 0 and 5 1C, respectively) conditions at which points inside surface condensation occurred were evaluated using the temperature difference ratio (see Tables 9 11). According to the results, in case of conventional aluminum spacer, when the inside air temperature was 18, 20 and 22 1C, respectively, and the outside air temperature fell below 5.3 1C, inside surface condensation occurred when inside air humidity was over 47%, 44% and 42%, respectively, and when the outside air temperature fell below 0 1C, inside surface condensation occurred when inside air humidity was over 57%, 53% and 50%, Table 9 Temperature difference ratio and the condition at which points inside surface condensation occurs (for conventional aluminum spacer) The lowest inside surface 7.6 Temperature difference ratio ( )/( ) ¼ 0.51 Inside air temperature (1C) Outside air Inside air humidity (%) Chart of temperature difference ratio

9 948 ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-Y. Song et al. / Building and Environment 42 (2007) respectively. On the other hand, in case of thermally broken aluminum spacer, when the outside air temperature fell below 5.3 1C, inside surface condensation occurred when inside air humidity was over 54%, 52% and 49%, respectively, and when the outside air temperature fell below 0 1C, inside surface condensation occurred when inside air humidity was over 63%, 60% and 57%, respectively. the same condition, inside air humidity for preventing inside surface condensation was higher than the case of conventional aluminum spacer by 6 8%. In case of thick-walled plastic spacer, when the outside air temperature fell below 5.3 1C, inside surface condensation occurred when inside air humidity was over 57%, 55% and 52%, respectively, and when the outside air temperature fell below 0 1C, inside surface condensation occurred when inside air humidity was over 65%, 62% and 60%, respectively. the same condition, inside air humidity for preventing inside surface condensation was higher than the case of conventional aluminum spacer by 8 11%. In the window system of residential unit, the minimum temperature difference ratio to satisfy the insulation performance requirement was found to be 0.60 (see Table 3, material of window frame: metal with thermal breaker, air layer thickness: 12 mm, type of glazing: double Table 10 Temperature difference ratio and the condition at which points inside surface condensation occurs (for thermally broken aluminum spacer) The lowest inside surface 9.8 Temperature difference ratio ( )/( ) ¼ 0.60 Inside air Outside air Inside air humidity (%) Chart of temperature difference ratio

10 S.-Y. Song et al. / Building and Environment 42 (2007) Table 11 Temperature difference ratio and the condition at which points inside surface condensation occurs (for thick-walled plastic spacer) The lowest inside surface 10.7 Temperature difference ratio ( )/( ) ¼ 0.63 Inside air Outside air Inside air humidity (%) Chart of temperature difference ratio glazing). We found that only the cases of thermally broken aluminum and thick-walled plastic spacers could satisfy the required minimum temperature difference ratio for preventing inside surface condensation. 5. Summary and conclusions Based on a market survey, the general types and characteristics of insulation spacer were investigated. Insulation spacers made of thermally broken aluminum and thickwalled plastic, respectively, were selected as alternatives to conventional aluminum spacer for evaluation. An evaluation method of inside surface condensation using the temperature difference ratio was suggested and illustrated on a chart. The minimum temperature difference ratio to satisfy the insulation performance requirement pursuant to Korean Building Code according to the material of window frame, air layer thickness and type of glazing was suggested as judgment criteria for preventing inside surface condensation. Window system of residential unit at the A residential complex located in Busan, Korea was evaluated. It was found that the thermally broken aluminum spacer, compared with conventional aluminum spacer, increased

11 950 ARTICLE IN PRESS S.-Y. Song et al. / Building and Environment 42 (2007) the lowest inside surface temperature and temperature difference ratio by 2.2 1C and 0.09, respectively. the same condition, inside air humidity for preventing inside surface condensation was higher by 6 8%. The thickwalled plastic spacer, compared with conventional aluminum spacer, increased the lowest inside surface temperature and temperature difference ratio by 3.1 1C and 0.12, respectively. the same condition, inside air humidity for preventing inside surface condensation was higher by 8 11%. Furthermore, only the cases of applying the insulation spacers could satisfy the required minimum temperature difference ratio for preventing inside surface condensation. Acknowledgments This work was supported by Regional Research Centers Program of the Korean Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development (2005). References [1] CWCT. FACETS, version 1, disk number 090. Bath, UK: Center for Window and Cladding Technology; [2] Harris RM. Guide to the design of thermally improved glazing frames. Bath, UK: Center for Window and Cladding Technology; [3] Harris RM, Ledbetter SR. Use of advanced glazings. Bath, UK: Center for Window and Cladding Technology; [4] Oreszczyn T. Insulating the existing housing stock: mould growth and cold bridging. In: Susan R, Hancock M, editors. Energy efficient building: a design guide. New York: Halsted Press; p [5] Song SY, Kim KW. The optimal insulation detail of the thermal bridge adjacent to hot water pipes in apartment building slabs. In: Proceedings of the fifth IBPSA international conference, vol. II Prague, Czech Republic, p [6] Song SY. A study on the method for determining the optimal insulation details of thermal bridge at the joints of apartment building envelope. Ph.D. dissertation, Seoul National University, Korea, [7] Song SY. A study on the method for determining the extent of insulation to prevent the inside surface condensation at thermal bridges. Journal of Architectural Institute of Korea 1998;14(10): [8] ASHRAE. ASHRAE handbook 2001 fundamentals. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.; [9] Udagawa M. HVAC calculation methods by personal computer. Seoul, Korea: Hanmi; [10] MOCT. The Code of Design Criteria for Energy Efficient Building (no ). Seoul, Korea: Ministry of Construction & Transportation; [11] Windows and Daylighting Group. Window 5.0 user manual (LBL ). Berkeley: LBNL; [12] Windows and Daylighting Group. Therm 2.0 (LBL rev.2). Berkeley: LBNL; [13] ASHRAE. ASHRAE standard 142P, Standard method for determining and expressing the heat transfer and total optical properties of fenestration products, public review draft. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.; [14] Rohsenow WM, Harnett JP, Ganic EN. Handbook of heat transfer fundamentals. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; [15] KSA. KS L 9016, Test methods for thermal transmission properties of thermal insulations. Seoul, Korea: Korean Standards Association; 2000.

Dow Corning PROPRIETARY. Dow Corning. A Thermal Modelling Comparison of Typical Curtain Wall Systems

Dow Corning PROPRIETARY. Dow Corning. A Thermal Modelling Comparison of Typical Curtain Wall Systems Dow Corning A Thermal Modelling Comparison of Typical Curtain Wall Systems Introduction Today s Aim To understand the meaning of a U value and window energy ratings Discuss the drivers for energy efficiency

More information

Linear thermal transmittance of the assembly of the glazing and the frame in windows

Linear thermal transmittance of the assembly of the glazing and the frame in windows Linear thermal transmittance of the assembly of the glazing and the frame in windows Svend Svendsen,Professor, Technical University of Denmark; ss@byg.dtu.dk; www.byg.dtu.dk Jacob B. Laustsen, Assistant

More information

The Warm Edge for insulating glass

The Warm Edge for insulating glass The Warm Edge for insulating glass 1. 3. SGGSWISSPACER 2. 4. The best product on the market by quite an edge Energy saving Lower heating costs through better insulation: the thermally improved spacer SGG

More information

Windows are one of the most important components of a

Windows are one of the most important components of a design concepts Arjun Kamal MAKING BETTER INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS WITH ENERGY-EFFICIENT WINDOW DESIGN An insight into the various technologies used for constructing windows, and an attempt at understanding

More information

1/9/2013. Terminology Calculating Heat Transfer Code Requirements Design Examples and Sustainability

1/9/2013. Terminology Calculating Heat Transfer Code Requirements Design Examples and Sustainability 1/9/13 By Brett T. Fagan, P.E. Presented by Marie Horan, P.E. Building Diagnostics, Inc. Building Diagnostics Terminology Calculating Heat Transfer Code Requirements Design Examples and Sustainability

More information

In the Fall 2002 issue of HHE News I examined

In the Fall 2002 issue of HHE News I examined Choosing Replacement Windows 1 For Your Home Mark Pierce In the Fall 2002 issue of HHE News I examined reasons for, and against, replacing older windows with new, energy efficient windows. That article

More information

Multi-layer Insulation Blanket for Roofs

Multi-layer Insulation Blanket for Roofs Multilayer Insulation Blanket for Roofs Thermal Insulation in a 40mm thin, flexible, multilayer membrane Meets requirements of L1A, L1B 2010 In accordance with BR443 NHBC Acceptance Pitched & Flat roof

More information

Double Glazing Glass. Energy Saving Solutions. Harris Silicones & Glass (Pvt.) Ltd.

Double Glazing Glass. Energy Saving Solutions. Harris Silicones & Glass (Pvt.) Ltd. Double Glazing Glass Energy Saving Solutions Harris Silicones & Glass (Pvt.) Company Introduction Pioneers of Silicone Sealants in Pakistan Manufacturing in collaboration with Momentive Performance Materials

More information

Thermal Breakage Prediction

Thermal Breakage Prediction Thermal Breakage Prediction The prediction of glass breakage due to thermal stress is an important analysis for the longevity of a window. Thermal breakage occurs when there is a large temperature differential

More information

STAYFLEX CORROSION CONTROL AND THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEM

STAYFLEX CORROSION CONTROL AND THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEM STAYFLEX CORROSION CONTROL AND THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEM Installed in Pre-engineered Steel Buildings Provides Lowest Cost Construction Method for CORROSIVE AND WET Environments PREFERRED SOLUTIONS, INC.

More information

Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Florida

Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Florida Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Florida www.efficientwindows.org January 06 Zones. Meet the Energy Code & Look for the Windows must comply with your local energy code. Windows that are certified

More information

NFRC 102-2010 THERMAL PERFORMANCE TEST REPORT. Rendered to: CR LAURENCE CO., INC. SERIES/MODEL: 7500 Concealed Vent TYPE: Projecting (Awning)

NFRC 102-2010 THERMAL PERFORMANCE TEST REPORT. Rendered to: CR LAURENCE CO., INC. SERIES/MODEL: 7500 Concealed Vent TYPE: Projecting (Awning) NFRC 102-2010 THERMAL PERFORMANCE TEST REPORT Rendered to: CR LAURENCE CO., INC. SERIES/MODEL: 7500 Concealed Vent TYPE: Projecting (Awning) Summary of Results Standardized Thermal Transmittance (U-Factor)

More information

) and air spaces (R a

) and air spaces (R a 5.3.3 Thermal Resistance (R-value) Common thermal properties of materials and air spaces are based on steady state tests, which measure the heat that passes from the warm side to the cool side of the test

More information

Unbeatable energy efficient glass curtain wall system

Unbeatable energy efficient glass curtain wall system Unbeatable energy efficient glass curtain wall system CONTENT Introduction 1 System 2 World Class Engineering 4 Unit Selection 5 Energy Efficiency & Comfort 10 Maximised Installation Efficiency 12 Aesthetics

More information

*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company A business unit of The Dow Chemical Company and its subsidiaries Copyright 2003 The Dow Chemical Company.

*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company A business unit of The Dow Chemical Company and its subsidiaries Copyright 2003 The Dow Chemical Company. Dow Chemical is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members.

More information

Choosing better, more energy efficient windows. A homeowners guide

Choosing better, more energy efficient windows. A homeowners guide Choosing better, more energy efficient windows A homeowners guide % The next windows you choose could reduce wasted home energy by up to20 Reduce your energy bills and cut down on CO 2 emissions Save money.

More information

Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Georgia

Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Georgia Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Georgia www.efficientwindows.org January 016 ENERGY STAR Zones 1. Meet the Energy Code & Look for the ENERGY STAR Windows must comply with your local energy code.

More information

BEST 2 WB 3 4 SIX WAYS FOR CONDENSATION IN BUILDINGS. Wagdy Anis, FAIA, LEED ap*

BEST 2 WB 3 4 SIX WAYS FOR CONDENSATION IN BUILDINGS. Wagdy Anis, FAIA, LEED ap* BEST 2 WB 3 4 SIX WAYS FOR CONDENSATION IN BUILDINGS Wagdy Anis, FAIA, LEED ap* Abstract: Six of the ways condensation can occur on cold surfaces in buildings are discussed here. They are: 1. Air Leakage,

More information

IEA-SHC Task 27: Setting Window Energy Efficiency Levels in Canada

IEA-SHC Task 27: Setting Window Energy Efficiency Levels in Canada IEA-SHC Task 27: Setting Window Energy Efficiency Levels in Canada Anil Parekh Buildings Group, CANMET Energy Technology Centre Ottawa Natural Resources Canada 580 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0E4,

More information

R-VALUES AND U-FACTORS OF SINGLE WYTHE CONCRETE MASONRY WALLS. TEK 6-2B Energy & IAQ (2009) Related TEK: 6-1B, 6-11, 6-12C INTRODUCTION

R-VALUES AND U-FACTORS OF SINGLE WYTHE CONCRETE MASONRY WALLS. TEK 6-2B Energy & IAQ (2009) Related TEK: 6-1B, 6-11, 6-12C INTRODUCTION An information series from the national authority on concrete masonry technology R-VALUES AND U-FACTORS OF SINGLE WYTHE CONCRETE MASONRY WALLS TEK 6-2B Energy & IAQ (2009) INTRODUCTION Single wythe concrete

More information

NCMA TEK CONCRETE MASONRY FOUNDATION WALL DETAILS. TEK 5-3A Details (2003)

NCMA TEK CONCRETE MASONRY FOUNDATION WALL DETAILS. TEK 5-3A Details (2003) NCMA TEK National Concrete Masonry Association an information series from the national authority on concrete masonry technology CONCRETE MASONRY FOUNDATION WALL DETAILS TEK 5-3A Details (2003) Keywords:

More information

Selecting Energy-Efficient Windows

Selecting Energy-Efficient Windows Selecting Energy-Efficient Windows E N E R I N F O A D V I S O R S E R I E S Key Points Improving the energy performance of windows is important, since windows are the least insulated surface of most homes.

More information

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2004 Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Tests

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2004 Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Tests ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2004 Building Thermal Envelope and Fabric Load Tests DesignBuilder Version 1.2.0 (incorporating EnergyPlus version 1.3.0) - June 2006 1.0 Purpose The ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140-2004

More information

Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in California

Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in California Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in California www.efficientwindows.org Janurary 016 Zones 1. Meet the Energy Code & Look for the Windows must comply with your local energy code. Windows that are

More information

Section 5.0. Basements. Wall insulated externally. Wall insulated internally. Ba02. Product: Polyfoam ECO Floorboard Ba01.

Section 5.0. Basements. Wall insulated externally. Wall insulated internally. Ba02. Product: Polyfoam ECO Floorboard Ba01. Section 5.0 Basements Wall insulated externally Product: Polyfoam ECO Ba01 Wall insulated internally Product: Polyfoam ECO Ba02 Basements Basements Basement design Waterproofing BS 8102: 2009 Code of practice

More information

The Influence Of Window Type And Orientation On Energy-Saving In Buildings Application To A Single Family Dwelling

The Influence Of Window Type And Orientation On Energy-Saving In Buildings Application To A Single Family Dwelling The Influence Of Window Type And Orientation On Energy-Saving In Buildings Application To A Single Family Dwelling Urbikain M. K., Mvuama M. C., García Gáfaro C. and Sala Lizarraga J. M. The University

More information

Astragal: a vertical member placed at the meeting edges of a double door to provide a weather seal and may be used to anchor the fixed door.

Astragal: a vertical member placed at the meeting edges of a double door to provide a weather seal and may be used to anchor the fixed door. Window and Door Dictionary AAMA: American Architectural Manufacturers Association. A national trade association that establishes voluntary standards for the window, door, and skylight industry. Ambient

More information

Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Arizona

Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Arizona Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Arizona www.efficientwindows.org January 016 ENERGY STAR Zones 1. Meet the Energy Code & Look for the ENERGY STAR Windows must comply with your local energy code.

More information

R-VALUES AND U-FACTORS OF SINGLE WYTHE CONCRETE MASONRY WALLS. TEK 6-2C Energy & IAQ (2013) Related TEK: 2-5B, 6-1C, 6-4B, 6-11A, 6-12C, 6-12D, 6-12E

R-VALUES AND U-FACTORS OF SINGLE WYTHE CONCRETE MASONRY WALLS. TEK 6-2C Energy & IAQ (2013) Related TEK: 2-5B, 6-1C, 6-4B, 6-11A, 6-12C, 6-12D, 6-12E An information series from the national authority on concrete masonry technology R-VALUES AND U-FACTORS OF SINGLE WYTHE CONCRETE MASONRY WALLS TEK 6-2C Energy & IAQ (201) INTRODUCTION Single wythe concrete

More information

ResearcH JournaL 2009 / VOL 01.01. www.perkinswill.com

ResearcH JournaL 2009 / VOL 01.01. www.perkinswill.com ResearcH JournaL 2009 / VOL 01.01 www.perkinswill.com PERKINS+WILL RESEARCH JOURNAL / VOL 01.01 05. CONTEXT BASED DESIGN OF DOUBLE SKIN FACADES Climatic Considerations During the Design Process Ajla Aksamija,

More information

Comparative Analysis of Retrofit Window Film to Replacement with High Performance Windows

Comparative Analysis of Retrofit Window Film to Replacement with High Performance Windows Comparative Analysis of Retrofit Window Film to Replacement with High Performance Windows By Steve DeBusk, CEM, CMVP Global Energy Solutions Manager CPFilms, a Subsidiary of Solutia Inc. Abstract Energy

More information

FederalDemocratic RepublicofEthiopia

FederalDemocratic RepublicofEthiopia FederalDemocratic RepublicofEthiopia EDICTOFGOVERNMENT± Inordertopromotepubliceducationandpublicsafety, equaljusticeforal,abeterinformedcitizenry,therule oflaw,worldtradeandworldpeace,thislegaldocumentis

More information

Residential Windows, 3 rd edition Corrected index 1

Residential Windows, 3 rd edition Corrected index 1 Residential Windows, 3 rd edition Corrected index 1 A absorptance definition, 78 determinants of, 78 79 energy performance and, 78 tinted glass, 84 acoustical properties of windows, 60 61 acrylic glazing

More information

Selecting Energy Efficient Replacement Windows in Nevada

Selecting Energy Efficient Replacement Windows in Nevada Selecting Energy Efficient Replacement Windows in Nevada www.efficientwindows.org January 06 STAR Zones. Meet the Energy Code & Look for the STAR Windows must comply with your local energy code. Windows

More information

Improving thermal insulation of concrete sandwich panel buildings

Improving thermal insulation of concrete sandwich panel buildings Improving thermal insulation of concrete sandwich panel buildings Jørgen Munch-Andersen Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University LCUBE conference, Vienna 17-18 April 2007 Outline A general

More information

Module 3.7. Thermal bridging

Module 3.7. Thermal bridging Module 3.7 Thermal bridging Learning Outcomes On successful completion of this module learners will be able to - Describe construction details which influence thermal bridging. 2 Introduction to thermal

More information

Introduction to Energy Performance of Brick Masonry

Introduction to Energy Performance of Brick Masonry TECHNICAL NOTES on Brick Construction 1850 Centennial Park Drive, Reston, Virginia 20191 www.gobrick.com 703-620-0010 Introduction to Energy Performance of Brick Masonry 4 January 2016 Abstract: Thermal

More information

CE66. Windows for new and existing housing

CE66. Windows for new and existing housing CE66 Windows for new and existing housing Contents Introduction 3 The BFRC Rating 4 Measuring window performance 4 Energy Saving Trust standards 5 General specifications 5 New housing 5 Energy Saving Trust

More information

Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Texas

Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Texas Selecting Energy Efficient New Windows in Texas www.efficientwindows.org January 06 Zones. Meet the Energy Code & Look for the Windows must comply with your local energy code. Windows that are certified

More information

Opening the Bonnet. Prof Darren Woolf WYSINWYG 1

Opening the Bonnet. Prof Darren Woolf WYSINWYG 1 Opening the Bonnet Prof Darren Woolf WYSINWYG 1 WYSINWYG What You See Is NOT What You Get: Looking inside the Pandora s Box Prof Darren Woolf WYSINWYG 2 WYSIWYG implies a user interface that allows the

More information

SunGuard IS 20 Technical Information

SunGuard IS 20 Technical Information BUILD WITH LIGHT SunGuard IS 20 Technical Information SunGuard IS 20 interior-surface coating delivers superior thermal performance with striking clarity. Offering strength, durability, and cleanability

More information

CONDENSATION IN REFRIDGERATED BUILDINGS

CONDENSATION IN REFRIDGERATED BUILDINGS CONDENSATION IN REFRIDGERATED BUILDINGS By: Steve Salisbury Nov. 10, 2010 (revised Nov. 14, 2013) Introduction The following discussion reviews the basic causes of condensation in refrigerated buildings

More information

Glass Technical Document

Glass Technical Document INTRODUCTION PPG has for many years recommended that early design considerations regarding the use of glass on commercial projects include evaluation of potential thermal stress breakage. Thermally induced

More information

New Developments in Mitigation of Thermal Bridges Generated by Light Gage Steel Framing Components

New Developments in Mitigation of Thermal Bridges Generated by Light Gage Steel Framing Components New Developments in Mitigation of Thermal Bridges Generated by Light Gage Steel Framing Components Author 1, Peter Engelmann, Ph.D. 1 Author 2, Bryan Urban 1 Author 3, Jan Kosny, Ph.D. 1 1 Fraunhofer Center

More information

SELECTIVE GLAZING FOR SUN CONTROL

SELECTIVE GLAZING FOR SUN CONTROL SUN CONTROL GLAZING SELECTIVE GLAZING FOR SUN CONTROL Sun Factor 1st level performance for direct solar energy Solar energy control Solar control coating Only if the glass is exposed to sun rays! 2nd level

More information

Energy Efficient Windows

Energy Efficient Windows Energy Efficient Windows All properties lose heat through their windows. But energy-efficient glazing keeps your home warmer and quieter as well as reducing your energy bills. That might mean double or

More information

HEAT LOAD AND SOLAR GAIN PREDICTION FOR SOLID WALL DWELLINGS RETROFITTED WITH TRIPLE VACUUM GLAZING FOR SELECTED WINDOW TO WALL AREA RATIOS

HEAT LOAD AND SOLAR GAIN PREDICTION FOR SOLID WALL DWELLINGS RETROFITTED WITH TRIPLE VACUUM GLAZING FOR SELECTED WINDOW TO WALL AREA RATIOS HEAT LOAD AND SOLAR GAIN PREDICTION FOR SOLID WALL DWELLINGS RETROFITTED WITH TRIPLE VACUUM GLAZING FOR SELECTED WINDOW TO WALL AREA RATIOS Saim Memon Philip C. Eames Centre for Renewable Energy Systems

More information

Condensation Fact Sheet METAL BUILDING MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

Condensation Fact Sheet METAL BUILDING MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Condensation Fact Sheet METAL BUILDING MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION The Condensation Process Condensation occurs when warmer moist air comes in contact with cold surfaces such as framing members, windows

More information

Not all windows are the same...

Not all windows are the same... Buyers guide Not all windows are the same... This guide has been compiled to help you make an informed decision when selecting and purchasing your new windows and doors. Everybody will tell you that their

More information

Requirements on secondary insulating glass sealants

Requirements on secondary insulating glass sealants Requirements on secondary insulating glass sealants Dr. Dieter Lange, AkzoNobel, Functional Chemicals, Greiz/Germany Abstract Nowadays there are various kinds of insulating glass available on the global

More information

Models and Methods in Applied Sciences

Models and Methods in Applied Sciences Energy consumption and energy saving in Malaysian office buildings S.Sadrzadehrafiei, K.Sopian S.Mat, C.Lim Solar Energy Research Institute University Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600, Bangi, Malaysia s.sadr.r@gmail.com,

More information

Housing Fact Sheets. Energy Saving Window Treatments

Housing Fact Sheets. Energy Saving Window Treatments Housing Fact Sheets Energy Saving Window Treatments Windows are a major source of heat loss but they are necessary for light, ventilation, and view. In a typical single family home, about 20% of the heat

More information

2009 IECC Update. Scope. Content. International Energy Conservation Code

2009 IECC Update. Scope. Content. International Energy Conservation Code 2009 IECC Update International Energy Conservation Code Scope The code applies to both residential and commercial buildings. In the code, the United States is divided into eight climate zones which are

More information

Residential HVAC System Sizing

Residential HVAC System Sizing Residential HVAC System Sizing William P. Goss University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA Corresponding email: goss@acad.umass.edu SUMMARY Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC)

More information

Renovating Your Basement

Renovating Your Basement building science.com 2006 Building Science Press All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. Renovating Your Building America Report - 0309 2003 (revised 2007) Building Science Corporation Abstract:

More information

Fiberglas, Exterior Wall Thermal Insulation

Fiberglas, Exterior Wall Thermal Insulation PROJECT ENGINEER RESPONSIBILITY: This is a general specification guide, intended to be used by experienced construction professionals, in conjunction with good construction practice and professional judgment.

More information

Housing Fact Sheets. Moisture Condensation at the Windows

Housing Fact Sheets. Moisture Condensation at the Windows Moisture Condensation at the Windows Housing Fact Sheets This fact sheet discusses the causes of and remedies for wintertime condensation problems that occur on windows, glass, and other glazing materials

More information

Effect of window modifications on household energy requirement for heating and cooling in Canada

Effect of window modifications on household energy requirement for heating and cooling in Canada Proceedings of esim 212: The Canadian Conference on Building Simulation Effect of window modifications on household energy requirement for heating and cooling in Canada Sara Nikoofard 1, V. Ismet Ugursal

More information

RULING OF THE MINISTER OF MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS AND HOUSING

RULING OF THE MINISTER OF MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS AND HOUSING BUILDING CODEACT, 1992 RULING OF THE MINISTER OF MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS AND HOUSING Pursuant to clause 29(l)(b) of the Building Code Act, 1992. as amended, the Director of the Building and Development Branch

More information

Glass partitions SFB 3074

Glass partitions SFB 3074 Glass partitions SFB 3074 Our facade system SFB 3074 is innovative in its design. We have made a great effort to obtain an energy effective system. The future requirements regarding the economical use

More information

Constructions Database User Guide <Virtual Environment> 5.9

Constructions Database User Guide <Virtual Environment> 5.9 Constructions Database User Guide 5.9 Page 1 of 35 Contents 1. Introduction...3 2. Units...4 3. Main Dialogue Project Constructions...5 3.1. Outline...5 3.2. Construction Classes

More information

Molds and mildew are fungi that grow

Molds and mildew are fungi that grow Appendix C: Moisture, Mold and Mildew Molds and mildew are fungi that grow on the surfaces of objects, within pores, and in deteriorated materials. They can cause discoloration and odor problems, deteriorate

More information

Answers to Your Questions from the Webinar

Answers to Your Questions from the Webinar 2008 Desert Aire and USA Swimming. Used by permission. Desert Aire & USA Swimming - Aquatics Webinar - Answers to Your Questions Answers to Your Questions from the Webinar Thank you for your interest in

More information

Window Thermal Performance Optimization in Governmental Emirati Housing Prototype in Abu Dhabi, UAE

Window Thermal Performance Optimization in Governmental Emirati Housing Prototype in Abu Dhabi, UAE Window Thermal Performance Optimization in Governmental Emirati Housing Prototype in Abu Dhabi, UAE Abuimara, Tareq A 1 ; Tabet Aoul, Kheira A. 1 1 Department of Architectural Engineering, United Arab

More information

ROOFS, SNOW AND ICE DAMS

ROOFS, SNOW AND ICE DAMS ROOFS, SNOW AND ICE DAMS The Problem Ice dams are a common roof performance problem in cold climate buildings. Simply put, they are ridges of ice and icicles caused by melt water from further up the roof

More information

CONDENSATION. Section Break (Next Page)

CONDENSATION. Section Break (Next Page) CONDENSATION Elimination of condensation on or within walls and floors is as important as reducing the heat loss through the wall or floor. In addition to the moisture damage caused to buildings by condensation,

More information

Comment Form on Proposed Gut Rehabilitation Alternatives

Comment Form on Proposed Gut Rehabilitation Alternatives Comment Form on Gut Rehabilitation Alternatives Name: Organization: Email: Instructions Submission: Please submit this form to energystarhomes@energystar.gov by October 10 th, 2012 with the subject line

More information

Building materials thermal conductivity measurement and correlation with heat flow meter, laser flash analysis and TCi

Building materials thermal conductivity measurement and correlation with heat flow meter, laser flash analysis and TCi J Therm Anal Calorim DOI 10.1007/s10973-011-1760-x Building materials thermal conductivity measurement and correlation with heat flow meter, laser flash analysis and TCi Junghoon Cha Jungki Seo Sumin Kim

More information

Energy efficient windows, doors and conservatories. Make a better choice

Energy efficient windows, doors and conservatories. Make a better choice Energy efficient windows, doors and conservatories Make a better choice A better choice for you and your home Modern double glazing doesn t just look good. It can save you money too. From styling to performance

More information

Heat Pipe Selection Revision 12/04/2001

Heat Pipe Selection Revision 12/04/2001 Heat Pipe Selection Revision 12/04/2001 Heat pipes are being used very often in particular applications when conventional cooling methods are not suitable. Once the need for heat pipe arises, the most

More information

September 3, 2009. Ric Boyd, Public Works Director Ketchikan Gateway Borough 344 Front St. Ketchikan, AK 99901

September 3, 2009. Ric Boyd, Public Works Director Ketchikan Gateway Borough 344 Front St. Ketchikan, AK 99901 September 3, 2009 Ric Boyd, Public Works Director Ketchikan Gateway Borough 344 Front St. Ketchikan, AK 99901 RE: Ketchikan Gateway Borough Gateway Recreation Center Roof Observations and Intrusive Inspections

More information

Software Development for Cooling Load Estimation by CLTD Method

Software Development for Cooling Load Estimation by CLTD Method IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684Volume 3, Issue 6 (Nov. - Dec. 2012), PP 01-06 Software Development for Cooling Load Estimation by CLTD Method Tousif Ahmed Department

More information

Spandrel Glass Types and Recommendations

Spandrel Glass Types and Recommendations Spandrel Glass Types and Recommendations Introduction PPG has long offered recommendations regarding alternatives for glass spandrel applications. Over the years these recommendations were included in

More information

BER Assessors Dwellings Technical Bulletin

BER Assessors Dwellings Technical Bulletin BER Assessors Dwellings Technical Bulletin Issue No. 3/11 May 2011 Contents: 1 Window defaults in DEAP and use of DEAP Table 6a... 2 2 Solar Space Heating Systems in DEAP... 4 3 Storage and direct electric

More information

Adaptive strategies for office spaces in the UK climate

Adaptive strategies for office spaces in the UK climate International Conference Passive and Low Energy Cooling 631 Adaptive strategies for office spaces in the UK climate I. Gallou Environment & Energy Studies Programme, Architectural Association Graduate

More information

FIRE RATED GLAZING System Guide

FIRE RATED GLAZING System Guide SYSTEM GUIDE Issue date: 05-05-2015 Expiry date: 31-12-2016 System Guide Introduction Pyropanel Developments are specialists in fire rated glazing solutions, and our systems are designed for easy installation

More information

4 Insulating Glazing Terminology

4 Insulating Glazing Terminology 4 59 4 60 Definition of insulating glazing Insulating glazing has been around for about 60 years. The oldest patent on this subject actually originates from the year 1865. The official definition of the

More information

The Influence of Insulation Styles on the Air Conditioning Load of Japanese Multi- Family Residences

The Influence of Insulation Styles on the Air Conditioning Load of Japanese Multi- Family Residences The Influence of Insulation Styles on the Air Conditioning Load of Japanese Multi- Family Residences Yupeng Wang 1, and Hiroatsu Fukuda 2 1 Department of BCEE, Concordia University, Canada, Email: wangyupeng0628@gmail.com

More information

Assessing Curtain Walls

Assessing Curtain Walls Assessing Curtain Walls Considerations and Best Practices Paul E Beers GCI Consultants, LLC pbeers@gciconsultants.com What is a Curtain Wall System? A curtain wall system is an outer covering of a building

More information

ENERGY EFFICIENT WINDOWS & DOORS A GUIDE TO THERMAL PERFORMANCE. www.rehau.co.uk. Building Solutions Automotive Industry

ENERGY EFFICIENT WINDOWS & DOORS A GUIDE TO THERMAL PERFORMANCE. www.rehau.co.uk. Building Solutions Automotive Industry ENERGY EFFICIENT WINDOWS & DOORS A GUIDE TO THERMAL PERFORMANCE www.rehau.co.uk Building Solutions Automotive Industry INTRODUCTION IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF WINDOWS AND DOORS Background Environmental

More information

Energy Savings with Window Retrofits

Energy Savings with Window Retrofits Center for Energy and Environment Energy Savings with Window Retrofits Presentation to Energy Design Conference & Expo Duluth, MN February 25, 2014 Agenda v Background v Introduction: What are window retrofits?

More information

Natatorium Building Enclosure Deterioration Due to Moisture Migration

Natatorium Building Enclosure Deterioration Due to Moisture Migration Buildings 2012, 2, 534-541; doi:10.3390/buildings2040534 OPEN ACCESS buildings ISSN 2075-5309 www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings/ Case Study Natatorium Building Enclosure Deterioration Due to Moisture Migration

More information

SunMor SM-V30 Solar Water Heater Installation Manual

SunMor SM-V30 Solar Water Heater Installation Manual SunMor SM-V30 Solar Water Heater Installation Manual Rev. 1.02 Congratulations on the purchase of your new SunMor SM-V30 from Nature s Comfort LLC! You must read this entire instruction manual before beginning

More information

Field Performance of Different Interior Basement Insulation Systems

Field Performance of Different Interior Basement Insulation Systems Field Performance of Different Interior Basement Insulation Systems Marc Zuluaga Robb Aldrich Dianne Griffiths, P.E. Associate Member ASHRAE ABSTRACT With the support of the Department of Energy s Building

More information

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WATER-FLOW WINDOW GLAZING

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WATER-FLOW WINDOW GLAZING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WATER-FLOW WINDOW GLAZING LI CHUNYING DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG FEBRUARY 2012 CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG 香 港 城 市 大 學 Performance Evaluation of Water-flow

More information

FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY CENTER

FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY CENTER FLORIDA SOLAR ENERGY CENTER Creating Energy Independence Since 1975 Impact of Energy-Efficiency Parameters on Home Humidity Rob Vieira Florida Solar Energy Center A Research Institute of the University

More information

Energy-Efficient Windows

Energy-Efficient Windows DOE/CH10093-290 FS 216 October 1994 Energy-Efficient Windows Windows bring light, warmth, and beauty into buildings and give a feeling of openness and space to living areas. They can also be major sources

More information

Removing Moisture within Large Double Glazed Windows

Removing Moisture within Large Double Glazed Windows Removing Moisture within Large Double Glazed Windows Copyright: Max Cottrell www.mcottrell.co.uk This article gives the reasons and a method of removing accumulated moisture from double glazed windows,

More information

Is Your Envelope Effective? Mark Lawton P.Eng Morrison Hershfield Limited Vancouver

Is Your Envelope Effective? Mark Lawton P.Eng Morrison Hershfield Limited Vancouver Is Your Envelope Effective? Mark Lawton P.Eng Morrison Hershfield Limited Vancouver Designing an Effective Envelope Roofs Below Grade Walls and slabs Glazing & Windows Opaque portions of walls 2 3 Energy

More information

Advice to consumer Reference 50.1 May 2013. Condensation. Some causes, some advice.

Advice to consumer Reference 50.1 May 2013. Condensation. Some causes, some advice. Advice to consumer Reference 50.1 May 2013 Condensation Some causes, some advice. 03 Contents The issue 04 What is condensation 06 The factors governing condensation 09 How double or triple glazing helps

More information

UNIT 6a TEST REVIEW. 1. A weather instrument is shown below.

UNIT 6a TEST REVIEW. 1. A weather instrument is shown below. UNIT 6a TEST REVIEW 1. A weather instrument is shown below. Which weather variable is measured by this instrument? 1) wind speed 3) cloud cover 2) precipitation 4) air pressure 2. Which weather station

More information

ENERGY SMARTS: ENERGY EFFICIENT WINDOWS

ENERGY SMARTS: ENERGY EFFICIENT WINDOWS Practical solutions for a complex world. ENERGY SMARTS: ENERGY EFFICIENT WINDOWS Leona K. Hawks, Professor Extension Specialist Housing & Environment College of Natural Resources Utah State University

More information

Energy Use in Residential Housing: A Comparison of Insulating Concrete Form and Wood Frame Walls

Energy Use in Residential Housing: A Comparison of Insulating Concrete Form and Wood Frame Walls PCA R&D Serial No. 415 Energy Use in Residential Housing: A Comparison of Insulating Concrete Form and Wood Frame Walls by John Gajda and Martha VanGeem 000 Portland Cement Association KEYWORDS Concrete,

More information

Article. Protecting the Building Envelope from Water Damage. MemBrain Smart Vapor Retarder & Air Barrier Film

Article. Protecting the Building Envelope from Water Damage. MemBrain Smart Vapor Retarder & Air Barrier Film Article Protecting the Building Envelope from Water Damage Vapor Retarders Play a Crucial Role in Moisture Management Whether we like it or not, moisture in the form of water vapor diffusion and humid

More information

Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems BY KWANG WOO KIM, ARCH.D., MEMBER ASHRAE; BJARNE W. OLESEN, PH.D., FELLOW ASHRAE

Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems BY KWANG WOO KIM, ARCH.D., MEMBER ASHRAE; BJARNE W. OLESEN, PH.D., FELLOW ASHRAE TECHNICAL FEATURE Fundamentals at Work This article was published in ASHRAE Journal, February 2015. Copyright 2015 ASHRAE. Posted at www.ashrae.org. This article may not be copied and/or distributed electronically

More information

WINDOWS THE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINDOWS

WINDOWS THE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINDOWS Part-financed by the European Union (European Regional Development Fund and European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument) WINDOWS THE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINDOWS Krzysztof

More information

Water Damage & Repair

Water Damage & Repair Water Damage & Repair Chinatown Preservation Talks 2015 James Engler, P.A Glenn Mason, AIA Mason Architects Program Outline Terminology & Waterproofing Basics Discussion of why this is important Below

More information

Confort 26. Sliding Systems. Sapa Building System

Confort 26. Sliding Systems. Sapa Building System Confort 26 Sliding Systems Sapa Building System Confort 26 is Sapa s thermally insulated sliding system for windows and doors. Available as two- and three-rail solution. Among its features, there are

More information

2014 British Columbia Building Code Changes

2014 British Columbia Building Code Changes District of Houston 250-845-2238 2014 British Columbia Building Code Changes A District of Houston interpretation of the 2014 Building Code Changes for 9.36 & 9.32 The following changes reflect the most

More information

Crawl space heat and moisture behaviour

Crawl space heat and moisture behaviour Crawl space heat and moisture behaviour Miimu Airaksinen, Dr., Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT miimu.airaksinen@vtt.fi, www.vtt.fi KEYWORDS: crawl space, moisture, evaporation from ground, ground

More information