Lifetime measurements of DBR and nondbr photocathodes at high laser intensities
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1 Lifetime measurements of DBR and nondbr photocathodes at high laser intensities PST Ferrara Eric J. Riehn Collaboration B2 Institut für Kernphysik Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz September 10, 2009
2 Table of contents 1 Introduction 2 Reflectivity Measurements 3 Heating Experiments 4 Summary & Outlook
3 Photo current photo current laser power Definition of the quantum yield: QY (λ) = N e = h c N hν e I photo λ laser P laser (1) N e : number of electrons N hν : number of photons I photo : photo current λ laser : wavelength of laser light P laser : power of laser light h, c, e : fundamental constants
4 Heating of nondbr photo cathodes caused by irradiation Figure: Plot taken from K. Winkler (2002; Mainz)
5 Structure of a nondbr - photocathode Figure: Structure of SL (nondbr)
6 Structure of a nondbr - photocathode Figure: Structure of SL (nondbr)
7 Structure of a nondbr - photocathode Figure: Structure of SL (nondbr)
8 Structure of a DBR - photocathode Figure: Structure of SL (DBR)
9 Experimental Setup Figure: Setup of the polarized test source PKAT
10 Determination of the reflectivity in vacuo Reflectivity of the cathode: r cathode = P D1 r glas P D2 (1 r glas ) 2 (2) Reflectivity of the glas: r glas = P D2 P 0 (3)
11 Determination of the reflectivity in vacuo Reflectivity of the cathode: r cathode = P D1 r glas P D2 (1 r glas ) 2 (2) Reflectivity of the glas: r glas = P D2 P 0 (3)
12 Results Figure: Reflectivity curves for DBR and nondbr cathodes
13 Results Figure: Reflectivity curves for DBR and nondbr cathodes
14 DBR - photocathode as Fabry-Pérot-Interferometer Figure: Structure of SL (DBR)
15 Spectral Quantum Yield Figure: DBR-related resonance features in Quantum Yield
16 Heating Experiments In a specific wavelength region (here: 780 nm to 860 nm) DBR photo cathodes should not heat as much as a corresponding crystal without mirror and therefore have an extended lifetime.
17 Lifetime Figure: Lifetime of DBR SL 600 mw
18 Special features to pay attention to The Plateau: no decrease in quantum yield during the first hours/days after activation
19 Special features to pay attention to The Bump: temporary rise of the quantum yield after increasing the irradiation power
20 Special features to pay attention to The Drop-Off: continuing (even accelerated) decrease of the quantum yield after decreasing the irradiation power
21 Lifetime Measurements Figure: Results from irradiation measurements
22 Lifetime Measurements Figure: Results from irradiation measurements
23 Lifetime Measurements Figure: Results from irradiation measurements
24 Summary & Outlook DBR-crystals show a resonance caused enhancement of the quantum yield at the working point no difference in polarisation between DBR and nondbr samples Effects of highly intense laser irradiation on DBR-crystals lifetime of DBR-crystals is 6 times higher in comparison to the nondbr-crystals respectively laser power can be increased without reducing the lifetime that much DBR s are a very promising addition to active cooling
25 Summary & Outlook DBR-crystals show a resonance caused enhancement of the quantum yield at the working point no difference in polarisation between DBR and nondbr samples Effects of highly intense laser irradiation on DBR-crystals lifetime of DBR-crystals is 6 times higher in comparison to the nondbr-crystals respectively laser power can be increased without reducing the lifetime that much DBR s are a very promising addition to active cooling
26 Summary & Outlook DBR-crystals show a resonance caused enhancement of the quantum yield at the working point no difference in polarisation between DBR and nondbr samples Effects of highly intense laser irradiation on DBR-crystals lifetime of DBR-crystals is 6 times higher in comparison to the nondbr-crystals respectively laser power can be increased without reducing the lifetime that much DBR s are a very promising addition to active cooling
27 Summary & Outlook DBR-crystals show a resonance caused enhancement of the quantum yield at the working point no difference in polarisation between DBR and nondbr samples Effects of highly intense laser irradiation on DBR-crystals lifetime of DBR-crystals is 6 times higher in comparison to the nondbr-crystals respectively laser power can be increased without reducing the lifetime that much DBR s are a very promising addition to active cooling
28 Appendix Nonlinear Q.Y. at different laser powers
29 Appendix Comparison of DBR and nondbr (St. Petersburg)
30 Appendix Asymmetry Figure: Asymmetry of SL and SL 7-395H vs. Wavelenght
31 Appendix Quantum Yield Figure: Quantum Yield of SL and SL 7-395H vs. Wavelenght
32 Appendix Lifetime of the Cleaning Effekt Figure: 630 nm vs. the Number of Preparations
33 Appendix First own Results with Spectrometer
34 Appendix Thermal Conductivity of the Mount Figure: Standard cathode Mount
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Graphite Furnace AA, Page 1 DETERMINATION OF METALS IN FOOD SAMPLES BY GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY I. BACKGROUND (VERSION 1.0) Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a widely used