Area Contingency Planning Process Job Aid

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3 Area Contingency Planning Process Job Aid Developed by the Office of Marine Environmental Response Policy (CG MER) December 1, 2012

4 Table of Contents Area Contingency Planning Process Job Aid Introduction 5 Appendix 9400 Area Planning Documentation 10 Enclosure (1) to Appendix Enclosure (2) to Appendix Section 4600 Environmental 39 Enclosure (1) to Section Section 3200 Recovery and Protection 73 Section 4300 Resources 82 Section 3700 Planning for Subsea Containment, Source Control & Subsea Dispersant Use 91 Section 32XX Waste Management and Disposal Contingency Planning 94 Section 32XX.X Sample Waste Management and Disposal Plan 97 Enclosure (1) to Section 32XX.X 108

5 Area Contingency Planning Process Job Aid Introduction Overview This job aid was developed to assist Federal On Scene Coordinators (FOSCs) and Area Committees develop key elements of Area Contingency Plans (ACPs). The planning processes described in each chapter of this job aid are applicable for all general oil spill planning; however, this job aid places additional emphasis on planning for Worst Case Discharge (WCD) scenarios including vessels as well as onshore and offshore facilities. This job aid complements existing Coast Guard policy guidance and is formatted in accordance with COMDTINST The chapters in this job aid reflect the ACP format found in COMDTINST Furthermore, the order of chapters follows a natural planning process for ACP development. This process answers the following questions: What are the potential sources (e.g., facility, vessel, etc.) and volumes for an oil spill? What local areas could be impacted? Which areas are the most important for protection? What strategies are available to mitigate economic/environmental impacts? What equipment and capabilities are available to implement these strategies? As part of the continuous plan review and update cycle, it is recommended that every FOSC and Area Committee is guided by the steps contained within each chapter in the order they are presented in this job aid. Background The development and implementation of ACPs is a core component of the Coast Guard s Marine Environmental Response (MER) program. ACPs also fall under the Department of Homeland Security s Maritime Response mission. ACPs are critical elements of sound oil spill response, incident management, and all-hazards preparedness. The Coast Guard s MER program has a direct impact on the resiliency of the Maritime Transportation System. Major oil spills have the potential to close major seaports, disrupt commerce, and cause significant economic damage to our nation. The primary goal of every response, regardless of size, is to mitigate or prevent damage to people, property and the environment. The ACP format aligns with National Incident Management System (NIMS) Incident Command System (ICS), and every ACP should support a scalable response to pollution incidents of all types and sizes. ACPs are operational, as well as coordination plans. Development of ACPs is a continuous process; the plan should be viewed as a living document. Productive discussions and strong partnerships must be cultivated with all stakeholders during the Area Committee process in order to inform a plan that, when implemented, will be adequate to effectively respond to a WCD within a Captain of the Port (COTP) Zone. Introduction 1

6 Family of Response Plans under the National Response System The National Response System (NRS) provides a framework for coordination among federal, state, and local responders and RPs to respond effectively to oil discharges, releases of hazardous substances. The NRS also includes four levels of contingency planning (national, regional, local, and industry) that guide response efforts. As defined in the NCP, Regional Contingency Plans (RCP) provide for regional coordination with states and local Area Committees in response to oil and hazardous material incidents. ACPs, which represent oil and hazardous substance response planning at the local level, should contain the description of the geographic area, areas of economic and environmental importance that require protection strategies and a description of the equipment, personnel, and resources available for effective removal of a discharge. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) places responsibility on industry to be able to effectively respond to a spill involving an offshore facility, onshore facility, pipeline, or vessel. The ACP should describe in detail how the plan integrates RCPs, as well as VRPs, offshore and onshore FRPs, best management practices (BMPs) for the protection of natural resources, marine firefighting plans, and marine salvage and lightering plans. During ACP development, the Area Committee should compare response strategies, capabilities, WCD scenarios, roles and responsibilities, and other response information found in FRPs, VRPs, and oil spill response plans (OSRPs) to ensure alignment. The ACP should also align with NIMS, the National Response Framework (NRF), Area Maritime Security Plans, and other applicable plans, manuals, and documents. Introduction 2

7 Coast Guard s Role under the NCP Under the National Contingency Plan (NCP) (40 CFR 300), the Coast Guard plays a key role at the National Response Team (NRT), the Regional Response Team (RRT) and local Area Committee levels to engage the National Response System to verify threats (spill potential), risks (resources that might be harmed in a spill), and strategies necessary to mitigate the threats, minimize the risk and respond to, and recover from, an incident or event. In the coastal zone, Coast Guard FOSCs are responsible for coordinating local preparedness and directing response activities for their respective zone. These responsibilities include overseeing the development of the ACP and organizing an Area Committee whose membership is comprised of stakeholders from other federal agencies as well as state, local, tribal and industry representatives. During a response, the designated FOSC oversees response efforts in accordance with ACPs and other industry onshore, offshore, and pipeline facility response plans (FRPs) and vessel response plans (VRPs). FOSCs are authorized to take response measures deemed necessary to protect public health, welfare, and the environment. To do this, the FOSC coordinates and directs responsible party (RP), public, and private sector actions. ACPs should be reviewed and revised annually, with a resubmittal and approval (by District) of the plan every three years. This cycle should correspond with the National Preparedness for Response Exercise Program (PREP) schedule that requires a major area exercise of the entire plan every three years. After each PREP tabletop and equipment deployment exercise, lessons learned should be incorporated into the revisions at the appropriate Area Committee level. After the triennial PREP Area Exercise, the lessons learned should be incorporated in to a full revision and re-promulgation of the plan for District approval. Area Committees & Importance of Local Oil Spill Planning Area Committees represent the core element of oil spill response planning and preparedness for a local COTP Zone. The individuals who attend an Area Committee meeting have the opportunity to meet in a non-emergency setting and learn how best to respond together in the event of a spill. Attendance at Area Committee meetings gives members and their respective organizations the opportunity to assist in the development of the ACP. They participate in the determination of environmentally sensitive areas, geographic response strategies, mitigation methods, and protection priorities. Active participation of dedicated members from the entire spectrum of stakeholders is key to a successful Area Committee. Local government officials, emergency managers and individuals representing non-government organizations (NGOs) should be encouraged to attend Area Committee meetings. Productive discussions and strong partnerships must be cultivated with all stakeholders during the Area Committee process in order to inform a plan that, when implemented, will be adequate to effectively respond to a worst case discharge within that specific COTP Zone. ACP development is a collaborative process; one that requires consensus decision-making among all Area Committee members. An ACP is not a Coast Guard plan; it is a National Response System plan for implementation at the local level that requires the input and insight of each and every representative on the Area Committee to ensure that information on threats are analyzed, Introduction 3

8 vulnerabilities identified, environmentally sensitive areas captured, capabilities outlined, protection strategies developed and comprehensive response and recovery procedures included. The development of ACPs is a continuous process; the plan should be viewed as a living document that can be updated as needed. While Area Committee membership is limited to government officials from federal, state, Tribal, and local agencies, the importance of plan holder (industry), oil spill response organization (OSRO), and community NGO participation in Area Committee activities cannot be overemphasized. Area Committees are encouraged to establish forums to obtain advice and guidance from these non-government stakeholders and include them in the decisionmaking process. As described in this job aid, incorporating the WCD scenario information from local OSRPs, FRPs and VRPs is a critical element of the ACP planning process. Having industry and NGO representatives actively engaged in Area Committee discussions and workshops can greatly contribute to the development of a functional and effective ACP. Plan holders can provide the most accurate and up-to-date information on operations from their particular facility or vessel, as well as specifics such as WCD volumes, type of product, etc. OSROs are the primary oil spill resource providers under contract to plan holders. Their knowledge of oil spill equipment, capabilities, and response times is invaluable. Their familiarity with waterways, inlets, staging areas, and other geographic information can greatly contribute to the development of comprehensive response strategies. NGOs can provide awareness of particular environmental concerns, help coordinate volunteer support, and manage wildlife rehabilitation issues. The Coast Guard has placed a renewed emphasis direction for District and Sector Commanders to develop aggressive outreach programs with States, Parishes, and County officials. The Coast Guard s 2011 Strategic Planning Direction directs Coast Guard COTPs to conduct outreach on the NCP with a focus on environmental and emergency management departments at the state and local level. Worst Case Discharge (WCD) Section 1321 (j)(4) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1321) (FWPCA) mandates that Area Committees prepare ACPs that [w]hen implemented with the National Contingency Plan (NCP), be adequate to remove a WCD, and to mitigate or prevent a substantial threat of such a discharge, from a vessel, offshore facility, or onshore facility operating in or near the area. The FWPCA, amended by OPA 90 and the NCP, further define a WCD as: in the case of a vessel, the loss of its entire cargo of the vessel in adverse weather conditions and in the case of an onshore or offshore facility, the largest foreseeable discharge in adverse weather conditions (emphasis added). Adverse Weather Conditions is an undefined term and is dependent on the area of operations of a vessel or location of a facility. Areas subject to hurricanes, ice, or other heavy weather conditions that may impact the ability of oil spill response equipment to operate should plan for these conditions in the ACP. Introduction 4

9 While VRPs, FRPs, and OSRPs are required to provide for a response to a WCD, the planning volumes established in 33 CFR 154/155 regulations for mechanical recovery equipment apply to Coast Guard regulated facilities and vessels. These volumes cap the amount of equipment that must be identified by contract or other approved means. Similarly, planning volumes for offshore facilities are established by BSEE, and planning volumes for pipelines facilities are established by the Department of Transportation (DOT/PHMSA). Therefore, it is important for Area Committees to encourage these oversight agencies to participate along with their plan holders to ensure complete and accurate assessment of risks and capabilities available. It is important to note, however, that the resources identified within individual VRPs and FRPs (e.g., containment boom, protection boom, etc.) may be insufficient to meet specific requirements in an ACP (which is required to cover the largest WCD for a particular Area). Next Steps Coast Guard FOSCs should share this guidance document with their respective Area Committees and continue to make improvements to their ACPs to ensure these plans are updated with the relevant information associated with responses to facility and vessel WCD scenarios. Districts should continue to provide coordination and support to Area Committees and work with RRTs to identify and address gaps and shortfalls. Therefore it is incumbent upon District planning staffs to maintain awareness and conduct comprehensive reviews of all ACPs, work within their respective RRTs to ensure regional awareness and preparedness to identify and cascade oil spill resources, and ramp up response operations as necessary in the face of a major incident. Districts and COTP zones that include Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act exploration and production (E&P) activities need to include the WCD volume provided for in the OSRPs or Exploration Plans prepared by applicants for a permit issued by BSEE. COTP zones that border on or may be impacted by activities in adjacent country need to establish the WCD volume for those activities as well (e.g., offshore E&P activities off the coast of Canada, Mexico, Russia, or Cuba). Introduction 5

10 Appendix 9400 Area Planning Documentation A. Overview This portion of the job aid provides a recommended approach and examples to enhance the Area Planning Documentation Appendix of the ACP. It also contains a process that can be used to inform the Area Committee s development of planning assumptions and scenarios in the ACP. Appendix 9400 is intended to address one of the major preparedness gaps associated with planning assumptions and scenarios that was identified in the joint USCG-BSEE WCD Contingency Plan Analysis Report and the Incident Specific Preparedness Review (ISPR) for the Deepwater Horizon incident. Appendix 9400 is a critical part of the ACP. In the past, it has been viewed by many merely as a repository for documents with no connection to the main body of the ACP. However, the elements of Appendix 9400 should provide essential information that guides all oil spill planning efforts at the Area Committee level. It provides the planning assumptions, spill scenarios, and discharge release history that allows for risk-based decision-making through a systematic risk assessment process. It also provides a record of past planning efforts that should be built upon when updating and refining planning assumptions and scenarios. B. Area Committee Coordination Members of Area Committee and stakeholders with special knowledge of the local Area and potential sources of a WCD from vessels, or onshore or offshore facilities will be instrumental in the development of a comprehensive Discharge and Release History for the local Area, the potential threats to those sources of a WCD, and the development of WCD Planning Assumptions and Planning Scenarios. C. Elements The key elements of Appendix 9400 are: Oil spill discharge and hazardous substance release history for the local Area; A risk assessment that evaluates the potential sources of discharges within the local Area, including WCDs from vessels and facilities; A description of planning assumptions describing an assessment of the nature and size of a possible threat, including WCD, and the resources at risk from such an incident; and Scenarios that provide for a possible WCD from a vessel, offshore facility, or onshore facility operating in the local Area, as applicable. The preceding elements captured in Appendix 9400 will assist each Area Committee in developing an Area Contingency Plan that provides guidance for preparing for future incidents while improving the capability to respond to those incidents. A planning process that emphasizes risk-based decision-making ensures focused efforts on the types of incidents that pose the greatest risk without ignoring the Appendix

11 possibility of and planning for other lesser risk events. Note: The four elements identified here may be prepared as separate documents that are hyperlinked or referenced within Appendix 9400, as applicable Discharge and Release History Introduction The following steps are actions to be taken to develop a comprehensive Discharge and Release History for the local Area. The collection of this historical data of significant spills (e.g., location, source, product, amount, responsible party) is the first step in the development of the risk assessment and planning scenarios. It identifies significant spills that have occurred and recognizes the importance of these scenarios in the risk assessment process without compromising the need to identify other scenarios that may occur but have not. Significant spills are defined as oil spill events in the local Area that have resulted in the greatest actual or potential impacts to human health, welfare, and the environment. Significant spills are related to volume, potential volume, actual impact, and potential impact. For example, the largest spill may have had minimal impact (an offshore grounding with no release of oil but with a significant potential release volume). Similarly, a relatively smaller spill may have had significant impact due to its location (a release from a storage tank in an environmentally sensitive area). It is important to research all significant spills in the local Area, even though they may have occurred prior to the development of many preventative measures, such as double hulls, that may have precluded their occurrence if these measures had been in place. The location, source, product, amount, responsible party, area of coverage, movement of the product, resources impacted, etc., will serve to inform the risk assessment process for planning for future incidents. The analysis of these significant spills is not designed to be quantitative or probabilistic. Rather, it is to create a narrative of past events in order to identify the elements of those incidents that may be repeated in the future. STEP ACTION 1. List (in a table) all significant spills from all potential sources that have occurred in the local Area that may have impacted the coastal zone for which historical records exist. At a minimum, the USCG MISLE database and pollution reports (POLREPS) should be researched and members of the Area Committee consulted. Webbased research may additionally yield information that can be useful. Note: The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) maintains a database for spills from offshore facilities from 1964 to present. See Appendix

12 The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration s (NOAA s) Office of Response and Restoration also maintains a spill database. See State Environmental Agencies are additional sources of historical oil spill data. Note: An Example of this table is included in Section D of this job aid. Note: This is an opportunity to interact with other Federal, State, Local and Tribal stakeholders that may have records that could impact the development of this information. 2. Complete an analysis of the significant spills that have occurred in the local Area: a) Use the data developed in Step 1. b) Identify the source (e.g., facility, vessel, etc.) that released the most significant spill(s) in the local Area and primary source of the most frequent spills in the local Area. c) Identify the product released during the most significant spill(s) in the local Area and the most frequent product spilled in the local Area. d) Identify the largest significant spill size and average spill size. e) Identify the location of the most significant spill, resources impacted. f) Determine the areas impacted by significant spills in the local Area and plot these areas. g) Document response measures that were taken during significant spills, including booming and other protection strategies, non-traditional response measures (in situ burning, dispersants, etc.), and identify any issues that arose during the response Risk Assessment Note: An example of this analysis is included in Section D of this job aid. See Table 2. Introduction The following are actions to be taken to conduct a Risk Assessment for use in developing an ACP. A Risk Assessment is the systematic process of evaluating various risk levels for specific hazards identified with a particular task or operation. For purposes of ACP development, the risk assessment will support the development of response strategies and the identification of response resources necessary to implement those strategies. The risk assessment envisioned is not designed to be quantitative or probabilistic. It should create a narrative of potential sources of WCDs, the identity of potential threats to those sources, and the location of higher risk or vulnerable areas. All possible sources of oil discharges (e.g., vessel, offshore facility, and onshore facility as applicable) that can produce a WCD should be analyzed, including the historical information developed in Section The WCD for each type of facility or vessel that may impact a local Area should be identified and described. The potential threats to those sources of a WCD should be identified and described and the vulnerable areas in the local Area, including Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) identified in Appendix

13 Section 4300, should be referenced. The process involves laying out the data and then involving members of the Area Committee and other stakeholders with special knowledge of the local Area to use their best professional judgment to create scenarios that may lead to a WCD from vessels, or onshore or offshore facilities. A facilitated meeting with all interested parties has been shown to be effective for this purpose. A Maritime Security Risk Analysis Model (MSRAM) and the Ports and Waterways Safety Assessment (PAWSA) Workshop that may have been conducted in a port are potential sources for information for this process. References for conducting a Risk Assessment include the Coast Guard s Risk-based Decision-making Guidelines, COMMANDANT INSTRUCTION , OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT, The Art of the Long View: Planning for the Future in an Uncertain World (Schwartz, 1996), and other similar references are available on the Internet. STEP ACTION 1. Make a determination as to the type of Risk Assessment to utilize. It is recommended that a scenario-based what if? analysis as described in the RBDM Guidelines Volume 3 be conducted, but other types of risk assessment may be more appropriate for a particular local Area. 2. Use the Planning Scenarios developed in Section 9440 to identify possible sources that may produce a WCD for each category below: Offshore Facilities Onshore Facilities/Pipelines/Marine Terminals Tank Vessels Non-tank Vessels It will be useful to convene a facilitated session of Area Committee members and stakeholders with special knowledge of the local Area and potential sources of a WCD from vessels, or onshore or offshore facilities for this purpose; however, data compiled by the Sector for prevention or enforcement purposes may provide the initial list of potential sources of WCDs. Note: The potential sources (e.g., vessel, offshore facility, or onshore facility as applicable) of a WCD should be described and the possible conditions (e.g., vessel transportation routes, groundings, and collisions, offshore facility hazards such as fire/explosion, pipeline rupture or wellhead failure, or oil terminal situations such as a catastrophic tank collapse that may cause a WCD) should be listed and located on a chart or map. 3. Identify and document potential Threats/Causes, such as: Vessel traffic volume and density Channel restrictions or constraints Proximity of large petroleum storage facilities to navigable waters Potential for adverse weather or other potentially adverse Appendix

14 environmental conditions, e.g., flooding Presence of offshore exploration and production activities It will be useful to convene a facilitated session of Area Committee members and stakeholders with special knowledge of the local Area and potential for threats that may lead to a WCD from vessels, or onshore or offshore facilities. Note: In identifying these potential threats, it is important that realism be employed but not to the exclusion of creativity. In other words, because an incident has not occurred in the past does not mean that it could not happen in the future. Using experts with special knowledge of the local Area will facilitate a broad expression of views and allow for the exploration or a variety of scenarios that may lead to a WCD. 4. Review the Analysis of Previous Incidents/Events conducted under Section Note: Historical data needs to be supplemented with current discussions with stakeholders, port users, and others. Planners are encouraged to meet with facility operators, pilots, other agencies, etc. to ensure they have updated and current information regarding potential spill sources, causes, and vulnerabilities. The source of early spills, for example, may not be there any more due to economic changes in an Area. 5. List the vulnerable areas, including ESAs, identified for Section Note: This analysis addresses the potential effects of a WCD from all potential sources. Other applicable sections of the ACP should be referenced or hyperlinked where appropriate. 6. Determine the Effects Planning Assumptions Introduction Below are the actions to be taken to develop Planning Assumptions. In this section, provide background information that involves a realistic assessment of low probability, high consequence WCD scenarios originating from all potential sources in the area. Planning Assumptions should describe the conditions that could produce a WCD from each potential source. Potential Planning Assumptions include: That the weather during the spill event will be particularly poor (e.g., poor visibility and high wind conditions) at the source). That the timing of the spill event will be poor (e.g., during bird nesting season). Note: For AORs that contain offshore facilities, the background information should include current operations and systems, which is a basic description of offshore facility operations and systems used to extract oil in an offshore environment. In addition, the background information should provide system malfunction situation(s) that could produce an actual or potential offshore WCD threat. The Area Committee should coordinate with the BSEE Regional Office to obtain this information regarding this section. Appendix

15 STEP ACTION 1. Identify the planning assumptions. These should describe the conditions that could produce a WCD from each potential source. See Section Planning Scenarios This should be conducted for Offshore Facilities Onshore Facilities/Pipelines/Marine Terminals Tank Vessels Non-tank Vessels Note: While pipelines are not traditionally a Coast Guard concerns, it is an important consideration because they may be a potential source in the coastal zone. Level of equipment required to respond to a WCD is predicated on regulation. Operators of vessels and offshore facilities have approved plans that describe the amount of equipment required during a response and list contracted OSROs and other responders, including MWCC and HWCG (or other approved subsea well containment control entities), that have sufficient capability. Include special concerns or considerations for a particular area that is outside of the requirements in the regulations. Addition concerns include: Managing public expectations and political considerations WCD will likely require additional Coast Guard personnel and other response resources to surge in from other areas. See the Section 4300 (Resources) Job Aid. WCD will likely result in activation of the RRT WCD will likely be a regionally or nationally significant event Introduction Below are the actions to be taken to develop Planning Scenarios that provide a description of the WCD. Note: Regulations require WCD. You need to consider, however, the highest risk, which may be different (because of proximity to the shoreline, for example) than the largest volumetric release. Note: The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) mandates that Area Contingency Plans [w]hen implemented with the National Contingency Plan, be adequate to remove a worst case discharge, and to mitigate or prevent a substantial threat of such a discharge, from a vessel, offshore facility, or onshore facility operating in or near the area. OPA 90 and the National Contingency Plan (NCP) further define a worst case discharge as: in the case of a vessel, the loss of its entire cargo of the vessel in adverse weather conditions and in the case of an onshore or offshore facility, the largest foreseeable discharge in adverse weather conditions. Appendix

16 Adverse Weather Conditions is an undefined term and clearly is dependent on the area of operations of the vessel or facility. It should be acknowledged that the requirements for Vessel Response Plans (VRPs) and Facility Response Plans (FRPs), as well as OSRPs for offshore facilities, are less onerous than the standard set by OPA 90 for ACPs. For example, while VRPs are required to provide for a response to a WCD, the standard is to the maximum extent practicable. This has been further reduced by EDRC regulations establishing a planning standard that cap the amount of equipment that must be identified by contract or other approved means. ACPs, on the other hand, are required to plan for a WCD without qualification. At a minimum, ACPs should include the WCD from the largest tank vessel operating in or near the Sector AOR and the largest facility that poses the greatest risk to environmental or economically important areas in or near the Sector AOR. Areas that include offshore oil exploration or production activities need to account for a WCD provided for in the OSRP or Exploration Plan prepared by an applicant for a permit issued by BSEE. Sector AORs that border on or may be impacted by activities of another country need to establish the WCD volume for that activity. WCD scenarios are generally focused on the largest volume spill event in a particular area. However, it must be noted that spills of lesser volume, but in close proximity to sensitive environmental shorelines or significant economic areas (i.e., nearshore versus offshore as an example) may have an equal or greater impact to the local Area than the largest potential spill volume. Planners should also carefully evaluate the impacts of continuous flow rate spills (such as offshore well blowout) versus finite spill volumes (contents of an oil tanker). Note: Gulf Oil Spill Response Plans (OSRPs) do not give specific information related to the time to drill a relief well or to cap a well. Current regulations state this time period is 30 days. The durations of these low probability, high consequence events would be impacted by the time it would take to deploy capping equipment (if deepwater or from a floating facility) or to drill a relief well. Additional information on this response timeline can be found in the OSRPs Offshore Facility WCD Scenario Introduction The ACP should provide a description of the notification process between BSEE and the Coast Guard for reporting new or updated OSRPs. The notification process would include an OSRP that has been revised to reflect: An initial or new OSRP (for a single facility or groups of facilities covered in the plan) that intends to operate in state and/or federal offshore waters. An existing OSRP that reflects an increase to the highest WCD scenario amount contained in the plan. An existing OSRP that reflects a decrease in Oil Spill Removal Organization (OSRO) and/or response capabilities for the highest volume worst case scenario. Appendix

17 Enclosure (1), Notification Process of New or Updated Oil Spill Response Plan (OSRP), includes the policy guidance used by BSSE and the Coast Guard to address the review of new or updated OSRPs, which remain under the jurisdiction of BSEE. The ACP should also describe how the Coast Guard will obtain copies of these OSRPs which contain sensitive information and are securely maintained by BSEE. The ACP should address how the Coast Guard will review and address deficiencies identified in the respective OSRP after being notified that a new or updated OSRP may have an impact on the WCD documentation listed in this section of the ACP. Following the notification and submittal of the subject OSRP by BSEE, the Coast Guard should review the OSRP and communicate possible plan deficiencies and recommendations to the appropriate BSEE regional office that: The OSRP response equipment and strategies are adequate; or The OSRP contains response gaps. After BSEE has been informed of any Coast Guard issues with the respective OSRP, they can address these deficiencies directly with the plan holder. STEP ACTION 1. Consult with BSEE in the review of OSRPs for offshore facilities. Note: After BSEE has notified the Coast Guard and provided access to a new or updated OSRPs for offshore facilities, use the Contingency Plan Preparedness for a Worst Case Discharge Job Aid (Enclosure 2) to assist your unit in reviewing these offshore response plans. 2. Identify the facility and specify the type (e.g., jack-up, MODU, fixed structure, etc.) that could cause the largest WCD in their zone. Note: The RRT will be sharing a WCD list on a quarterly basis for offshore facilities. 3. Determine the type of oil (i.e., describe the characteristics of the oil in the well) of the potential discharge. Note: Some of this information is included in the OSRPs. For example, API Gravity for oil from each Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) facility is included in Appendix A of all Gulf Region OSRPs. Exploration Plans (EPs) and Development Operations Coordination Documents (DOCDs) may contain additional information on oil characteristics. Note: The NOAA SSC will have additional information on the oil characteristics that would complement the information included in the OSRPs. Important characteristics include the physical and chemical properties of oil, such as the specific gravity, viscosity, etc. 4. Determine the volume of the potential discharge. Note: This information is included in the OSRPs. Appendix

18 5. Determine the location of the potential discharge. Note: This information is included in the OSRPs. 6. Incorporate (by reference or hyperlink) the BSEE spill trajectory model found in the approved OSRP for that facility to help provide potential direction of the spill based on the nature and size of the potential threat and resources at risk. Note: Engage with their regional NOAA SSC to interpret these models. This information should be used to inform Area Committee discussions in the development of WCD scenarios. 7. Collate all of the above information into a narrative of the WCD from an Offshore Facility. Include the elements from the preceding steps. Note: This information will be used as part of the risk assessment. See Section Onshore Facility/Pipeline/Marine Terminal WCD Scenario STEP ACTION 1. Review FRPs and consult with EPA, DOT/PHMSA, and the State to determine the potential onshore facility sources that could impact the coastal zone. 2. Identify the facility/pipeline/marine terminal that could cause the largest WCD in the zone. 3. Determine the type of oil (describe the characteristics of the oil in the well) of the potential discharge. Note: Some of this information should be included in the FRPs. However, the NOAA SSC could have additional information on the oil characteristics that would complement the information included in the FRPs. Important characteristics include the physical and chemical properties of oil, such as the specific gravity, viscosity, etc. 4. Determine the volume of the potential WCD. Note: This information should be included in the FRPs. 5. Record the geographic location (e.g., latitude/longitude, river mile marker) of the potential WCD. Note: This information should be included in the FRPs. 6. Engage with the State to determine if a spill trajectory model has been developed for the facility/pipeline/marine terminal that could cause the largest WCD in the zone. 7. Engage with the regional NOAA SSC to develop and interpret a spill trajectory model to help provide potential direction of the spill based on the nature and size of the potential threat and resources at risk. Note: This information should be used to inform Area Committee discussions in the development of WCD scenarios. 8. Collate all of the above information into a narrative of the WCD from an Onshore Facility. Include the elements from the preceding steps. Appendix

19 Tank Vessel WCD Scenario Note: This information will be used as part of the risk assessment. See Section STEP ACTION 1. Review the list of tank vessels that service facilities within the local Area and determine the vessel that could cause the largest Tank Vessel WCD in the zone. Note: The Advanced Notice of Vessel Arrival (ANOVA) screening process is a valuable tool in making this determination. This information should be reviewed regularly to ensure that the current vessels servicing the local Area accurately reflects the largest Tank Vessel WCD in the zone. 2. Record the largest Tank Vessel that could cause the largest WCD in the zone. 3. Determine the type of oil (i.e., describe the characteristics of the oil cargo) of the potential discharge. Note: This information should be included in the ANOVA process. The NOAA SSC could have additional information on the characteristics of oil. Important characteristics include the physical and chemical properties of oil, such as the specific gravity, viscosity, etc. 4. Determine the volume of the potential discharge. Note: This information should be included in the ANOVA process. 5. Record the higher risk areas for tank vessel traffic (e.g., latitude/longitude, river mile marker) that could be the location of the potential WCD. Note: This information would be determined as part of the risk assessment process. See Section Engage with the regional NOAA SSC to develop and interpret a spill trajectory model to help provide potential direction of the spill based on the nature and size of the potential threat and resources at risk. Note: This information should be used to inform Area Committee discussions in the development of WCD scenarios. 7. Collate all of the above information into a narrative of the WCD from a Tank Vessel. Include the elements from the preceding steps. Note: This information will be used as part of the risk assessment. See Section Non-tank Vessel WCD Scenario STEP ACTION 1. Review the list of non-tank vessels that service facilities within the local Area and determine the vessel that could cause the largest non-tank Appendix

20 Vessel WCD in the zone. Note: For non-tank vessels, the size of the potential release may not be as important as the location of the spill. The areas of transit for non-tank vessels may be different than tank vessels; therefore, it is important to determine the nature and size of the potential threat and the resources at risk for Non-Tank Vessel WCD. The vessel critical profile (found in MISLE) is a valuable tool in making this determination. This information should be reviewed regularly to ensure that the current vessels servicing the local Area accurately reflects the largest Non-Tank Vessel WCD in the zone. 2. Record the largest Non-Tank Vessel that could cause the largest WCD in the zone. 3. Determine the type of oil (describe the characteristics of the fuel oil) of the potential discharge. Note: This information should be included in the vessel critical profile (found in MISLE). The NOAA SSC could have additional information on the characteristics of the fuel oil. Important characteristics include the physical and chemical properties of fuel oil, such as the specific gravity, viscosity, etc. 4. Determine the volume of the potential discharge. Note: This information should be included in the vessel critical profile (found in MISLE). 5. Record the higher risk areas for non-tank vessel traffic (e.g., latitude/longitude, river mile marker) that could be the location of the potential WCD. Note: This information would be determined as part of the risk assessment process. See Section Engage with the regional NOAA SSC to develop and interpret a spill trajectory model to help provide potential direction of the spill based on the nature and size of the potential threat and resources at risk. This information should be used to inform Area Committee discussions in the development of WCD scenarios. 7. Collate all of the above information into a narrative of the WCD from a Non-tank Vessel. Include the elements from the preceding steps. Note: This information will be used as part of the risk assessment. See Section D. Examples Below are examples of the different elements of Appendix 9400: Section 9410 Examples Table 1: Local Area Spill History Table 2: Analysis of Spill History Table 3: Largest Potential Spill Size Appendix

21 Section 9420 Examples Example Risk Assessment Section 9440 Examples Introduction to Planning Scenarios Onshore Facility/Pipeline/Marine Terminal WCD Scenario Tank Vessel WCD Scenario 9410 Examples Table 1: Local Area Spill History Date Location Source Product Amount 11/1/79 REDFISH IS. Tank Ship CRUDE OIL 255,000 7/14/84 SAN JACINTO Pipeline #6 OIL 1,190 RIVER 7/30/84 REDFISH IS. M/V CRUDE OIL 67,000 8/28/84 SAN JACINTO Pipeline CRUDE OIL 3,818 RIVER 5/2/85 AMERADA HESS Pipeline JP-5 1,500 1/31/86 REDFISH IS. T/B GASOLINE 525 6/23/89 BAYPORT T/B SLURRY OIL 6,000 CHANNEL 3/25/90 REDFISH IS. T/B CRUDE CONDENSATE 1,310 6/8/90 LIGHTERING AREA Tank Ship CRUDE OIL 92,860 8/12/90 CHOCOLATE T/B #6 OIL 1,200 BAYOU 8/17/90 REDFISH IS. T/B CRUDE OIL 16,476 9/6/91 HIGH ISLAND Pipeline CRUDE OIL 900 7/17/92 TEXAS CITY M/V CRUDE OIL 2,350 2/18/94 SAN JACINTO T/B GASOLINE 1,500 RIVER 10/18/94 SAN JACINTO T/B GASOLINE 500 RIVER 10/20/94 SAN JACINTO T/B CRUDE OIL 35,715 RIVER 1/23/95 DEER PARK Oil handling LUBE OIL 1,000 facility 2/5/95 LIGHTERING AREA Container Ship #6 OIL 898 9/25/95 TRINITY BAY T/B WASTE OIL 1,012 3/10/96 DEER PARK Tank Ship PROCESSED GAS OIL 1,492 3/18/96 REDFISH IS. T/B #6 OIL 4,200 5/26/96 TRINITY BAY T/B #6 OIL 619 8/6/96 REDFISH IS. T/B COKER FEED STOCK 200 9/30/96 TRINITY BAY Tank Ship CRUDE OIL 1,350 Appendix

22 2/23/97 DEER PARK Container Ship LUBE OIL 150 1/17/98 TRINITY BAY T/B CRUDE CONDENSATE 144 1/18/98 LIGHTERING AREA T/B CRUDE OIL 1,000 1/21/98 LIGHTERING AREA Tank Ship CRUDE OIL 600 8/1/98 REDFISH IS. Passenger DIESEL 179 Vessel 8/6/98 REDFISH IS. T/B ASPHALT 200 9/10/98 GICW & OLD T/B CRUDE OIL 100 BRAXOS 10/7/98 HUNTING BAYOU Terminal DIESEL 205 6/25/99 DEER PARK Pipeline KEROSENE 355 6/28/99 ALEXANDER Pipeline CRUDE OIL 1,000 ISLAND 11/10/04 TEXAS CITY T/B JP /17/05 CHOCOLATE T/B JP BAYOU 12/4/05 HIGHLAND BAYOU Pipeline DIESEL 350 Table 2: Analysis of Spill History Source of Largest Spill Product Released during the Largest Spill Amount of Largest Spill (BBLS) Source Of Most Frequently Spilled Product Most Frequently Spilled Product M/V Crude Oil 255,000 M/V Crude Oil (13/37 or 35%) Note: Data included in Table 2 is based on information presented in Table 1. Location of Most Frequently Spilled Product Redfish Island (9/37 or 24%) Average Spill Size (BBLS) 14,000 Table 3: Largest Potential Spill Size A. Tank Ship/Tank Barge (largest ship that operates in the local Area) Name of Vessel Cargo Capacity Cargo Type B. Non-tank Vessel Name of Vessel Oil Carrying Capacity Oil Type C. Onshore Facility (including pipelines) Name of Facility Location Storage Capacity or Pipeline Volume Cargo Type D. Offshore E&P Facility Name of Facility WCD by OOSR Location Appendix

23 Section 9420: Example Risk Assessment SPE Risk Assessment Model (i.e., Risk = Severity x Probability x Exposure) informs the prioritization of hazards in the local Area (i.e., from the highest to the lowest risk). Severity: Severity is an event's potential consequences measured in terms of degree of damage, injury, or impact on the environment. Should something go wrong, the results are likely to occur in one of these areas: Injury or Death Loss of Cargo Uncontrolled Well Blowout Adverse Publicity Serious Environmental and/or economic impacts Severity can vary from 1 to 5: 1 = None or slight 2 = Minimal 3 = Significant 4 = Major 5 = Catastrophic Probability: Probability is the likelihood that the potential consequences will occur. Probability can vary from 1 to 5: 1 = Impossible or remote under any conditions 2 = Unlikely under normal conditions 3 = About = Greater than 50% 5 = Very likely to happen Exposure: Exposure is the amount of time, number of occurrences, number of people, and/or amount of equipment involved in an event, expressed in time, proximity, volume, or repetition. Exposure can vary from 1 to 4: 1 = None or below average 2 = Average 3 = Above average 4 = Great Compute the risk values using the formula Risk = S x P x E. The resulting scores will be between 1 and 100: Values Degree of Risk Very High High Substantial Possible 1-19 Slight Appendix

24 After computing the risk values for each hazard identified using the formula Risk = S x P x E, you can order the hazards from the highest to the lowest risk. This will allow you to focus first on the areas of most concern in conditions of limited resources. WCD planning scenarios should be developed for all hazards scoring 60 or greater. Section 9440: Example Planning Scenarios Introduction to Planning Scenarios The worst case discharge (WCD) scenario for the Area Committee is a catastrophic failure of a 250,000 barrel tank of #6 fuel oil at Port Manatee, with 50,000 bbls escaping via mosquito ditch to the bay. When developing the scenario for the WCD, the Area Committee examined the potential for a spill by both vessels and facilities. Because the situations are so different, but the potential amount can be virtually identical, the Area Committee developed scenarios for the both a vessel and facility incident Onshore Facility/Pipeline/Marine Terminal WCD Scenario Overview: Source of Onshore WCD Failure of Port Manatee Storage Tank Product Released during WCD Amount of WCD (BBLS) Geographic Location of WCD (lat/long) #6 Fuel Oil 50,000 Lat: Lon: Summary: The WCD Onshore Facility scenario is a catastrophic failure of a 250,000 barrel tank of Number #6 fuel oil at Port Manatee. Number 6 fuel oil (MSDS No. 9907) is Fuel oil #6 is a petroleum distillate fraction with a boiling point >400 degrees F. Fuel oil No. 6 is the highest boiling fraction of the heavy distillates from petroleum. No. 6 oils represent approximately 5 to 8% of the original crude petroleum, but the exact yield depends on the source, refinery design and operations, and product requirements. Number #6 fuel oil is persistent in environment, has low evaporation rate, is a remote fire hazard, and is a personnel exposure hazard as the product is heated. A catastrophic spill at Port Manatee would impact virtually all of Tampa Bay, as the tide dispersed the oil. Many resources (e.g., mangroves, sea grass, recreational and commercial fisheries, bird rookeries, marine mammals, shellfish, benthic community, and aquatic preserves, etc.) would be at risk, as well as the Gulf beaches. In the southern bay area, Port Manatee is considered to be the most probable spill site because of the large amount of vessel amount of vessel movement and bulk product storage. Port Manatee is located in one of the most environmentally sensitive areas of Tampa Bay, amid the Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve to the north and Bishop s Harbor and Terra Ceia Aquatic Preserve to the south. Seasonal considerations: Tide/current effects are assumed to be worse in the spring (reference Coast Pilot Tampa Bay weather section). The worst time of year for a spill in this area is the winter because of low water levels, exceptionally strong currents, strong northeast winds and inaccurate tide projections. Although fog poses a hazard in the winter months, the numerous and violent thunderstorms that occur during the summer are assumed to pose a greater hazard because of the suddenness with which they can materialize and the extreme conditions that exist during the storms. Appendix

25 Planning Scenario Specifics: Situation: A total structural failure of a storage tank, product breaches the berm and enters Tampa Bay via a mosquito ditch adjacent to the bermed area. The potential exists for the majority of the product to leave the bermed area. Type and amount of spill: 250,000 barrels of #6 oil, 50,000 barrels escape into Tampa Bay before mosquito control ditch is closed off. Can pollution source be secured?: No, however earthmoving equipment will be mobilized to dam up the mosquito control ditch to lessen the quantity of oil entering Tampa Bay. Sensitive areas at risk: Bishop s Harbor, Cockroach Bay Aquatic Preserve, Pinellas and Manatee beaches, Pinellas County Aquatic Preserve, Terra Ceia Aquatic Preserve, Tierra Verde/Ft. DeSoto, southeast St. Petersburg. Within the first ½ hour an exposure problem will exist because the product is heated (reference MSDS), the entire area will be shut down. Time of the year: Summer On-scene weather: During the day a typical July/August pattern exists with morning winds from the SE at knots, moving westerly at knots around In the late afternoon (approximately ) storms form over land and move WNW with winds gusting knots. There is a strong potential for sudden gusts to top 60 knots in addition to waterspouts and tornadoes. Once the storm passes, the winds go back to light and variable from the ESE. The overnight air temperature drops degrees in less than an hour when the storm hits. This creates adverse weather and greater potential for tornadoes Tank Vessel WCD Scenario Overview: Source of Tank Vessel WCD Product Released during WCD Amount of WCD (BBLS) Geographic Location of WCD (lat/long) Tank Ship #6 Fuel Oil 1,000,000 Lat: , Long: Summary: The WCD Vessel scenario is a collision 2 nautical miles NE of the Sunshine Skyway Bridge, at the intersection of Tampa Ship Channel Cut A and Cut B (pos. 27_37.50 N, -82_36.50 W). An inbound 1,000,000 barrel tank ship carrying #6 oil collides with an outbound container vessel, resulting in a total loss of cargo (1,00,000 barrels) on board the tank ship. This collision occurs during heavy weather, on a holiday weekend, involving a foreign vessel, with no local contacts adjacent to a bridge that may need to be closed to vehicular traffic. Number 6 fuel oil (MSDS No. 9907) is Fuel oil #6 is a petroleum distillate fraction with a boiling point >400 degrees F. Fuel oil No. 6 is the highest boiling fraction of the heavy distillates from petroleum. No. 6 oils represent approximately 5 to 8% of the original crude petroleum, but the exact yield depends on the source, refinery design and operations, and product requirements. Number #6 fuel oil is persistent in environment, has low evaporation rate, is a remote fire hazard, and is a personnel exposure hazard as the product is heated. A catastrophic spill at the junction of Cut A and Cut B would impact virtually all of Tampa Bay as well as the area between the Sunshine Skyway and Egmont Key. In the southern bay area, Port Manatee is considered to be Appendix

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