14TH ASIA SECURITY SUMMIT THE IISS SHANGRI-LA DIALOGUE SECOND PLENARY SESSION NEW FORMS OF SECURITY COLLABORATION IN ASIA SATURDAY 30 MAY 2015

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1 14TH ASIA SECURITY SUMMIT THE IISS SHANGRI-LA DIALOGUE SECOND PLENARY SESSION NEW FORMS OF SECURITY COLLABORATION IN ASIA SATURDAY 30 MAY 2015 RAO INDERJIT SINGH, MINISTER OF STATE FOR DEFENCE, INDIA AS DELIVERED

2 Dr John Chipman, Director-General and Chief Executive, IISS It is now my great pleasure to invite Rao Inderjit Singh, the Minister of State for Defence of India, to address the Shangri-La Dialogue. Thank you. Rao Inderjit Singh, Minister of State for Defence, India Namaskar. I would like to begin by congratulating the International Institute for Strategic Studies and the government of Singapore for having organised another successful round of the Shangri-La Dialogue. This annual Dialogue has emerged as a premier forum for exchange of views from strategic thinkers, policymakers and practitioners interested in the Asia-Pacific defence and security issues. I would like to thank the organisers for the excellent arrangements and the warm hospitality that has been extended to my delegation. This plenary session of the Shangri-La Dialogue is on the theme, New Forms of Security Collaboration in Asia. This is a timely subject because both parts of this topic are presently seeing changes. By this I mean that, on the one hand, Asia is acquiring a new salience and significance in the world, and on the other, the meaning of security cooperation in today s world is also changing in varied ways. Almost everyone now agrees that the twenty-first century will be the Asian century. Effectively, we have seen a gradual return to the historical pattern where Asian economies contributed a major share of the global output. We should welcome this trend, because it is only fitting that Asia, which houses an overwhelming majority of humanity, should also account for a major portion of the world s economy. The growth of Asia is important not only for the Asian countries; it has implications for overall global prosperity. A rising Asia will also become the principal engine to support and sustain the global economy. Security threats in this dynamic Asia have not only multiplied, but are acquiring new forms. Even as traditional forms of threat exist, newer threats are emerging that are potentially more disruptive, more complex and dispersed. Countering these requires a collaborative effort of all states in Asia. The case for a strong security architecture for Asia has never been stronger. The question is: are we ready for it as yet? Such an architecture will require innovative forms of international cooperation amongst Asian countries and also between Asian and non-asian countries. Probably the greatest threat to today s society comes from the growth of terrorism and religious extremism. Terrorists have learnt to make use of new technologies, including the internet, to violently disrupt our lives and economies. Moreover, terrorist networks are often financed through other criminal activities, including narcotic smuggling, which pose a security threat in themselves, making

3 the combination even more dangerous. The threat is highest for open, democratic and pluralistic countries like India, because terrorism and extremism challenge the very fabric and tolerant ethos of our societies. Countering the scourge of terrorism requires active collaboration between countries for real-time exchange of actionable intelligence, for monitoring and interdicting the financial channels that sustain terror networks, and for preventing the recruitment and training of terrorist recruits. The recent rise of ISIS in West Asia has also shown the need for collaboration between police and immigration authorities of different countries to prevent the travel of foreign terrorist fighters to the theatre of conflict. Some of the new forms of security collaboration we see today have arisen because we have begun to define our security in a more comprehensive manner than before. New concepts like food security, energy security, water security, information security and security of navigation have emerged in strategic discourse. We have also come to look upon natural disasters and mass epidemics as security threats, as they can often disrupt our lives and societies much more dramatically than even military threats. These new and holistic conceptions of security have led to new forms of security cooperation between nations. Earlier, countries used to secure themselves from traditional military threats by adopting forms of neutrality or by aligning themselves in mutual defence arrangements with other countries. In our age, we have evolved a new form of security cooperation, one that is based on regular, structured dialogue between different nations rather than on formal alliances. ASEAN in Southeast Asia and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation in Central Asia are examples of this new form of security cooperation. ASEAN is without doubt the best example of a forum that promotes an environment of shared security in its region through a transparent, open and inclusive dialogue. Not only has it fostered such dialogue amongst its own constituent members, but it has also taken the lead in creating valuable fora in the ASEAN Regional Forum and the East Asia Summit, which provides countries from within and outside the region an opportunity to confer together. For India, the centrality of ASEAN is an important part of our vision for an open, mutual, inclusive and rules-based security architecture in the Asia-Pacific region, where disputes are resolved through dialogue and diplomacy rather than by unilateral show of force. Over the past two decades, India has rapidly expanded its engagement with the ASEAN, from a sectoral dialogue partner to a full strategic partnership. Recently, we inaugurated a separate diplomatic mission for ASEAN, to underline the importance we attach to this grouping as an economic and strategic entity. We intend to meet the

4 expectations of our friends within ASEAN who want India to play a more proactive role in helping address traditional and non-traditional threats in Southeast Asia and the wider Asia-Pacific region. For most Asian countries to continue to grow rapidly, they will require assured access to energy resources and other commodities. We must remember that most of the world s shipping traffic, including energy shipments, traverse Asian waters. The same can increasingly be said of global value chains. Ensuring freedom of navigation in these waters is thus essential for all our security. For us in India, freedom of navigation on the seas has always been an important one, since our history has been shaped by the constant maritime interflow of goods and people between our coasts and other countries in Asia and Africa. The territory of India includes a coastline of 7,500 kilometres, 1,200 islands and 2.4 million square kilometres of exclusive economic zone. We are determined to build on our maritime traditions to foster security, cooperation, prosperity and safety from nature s fury for our country, and for all those countries to which we are connected by sea. India has always opposed the threat of unilateral force to resolve maritime territorial disputes, as this can disrupt normal trade flows, threatening the economic security of all countries that depend on free flow of marine commerce. We always urge all parties to such disputes to abjure military solutions and rely on diplomacy and international maritime law to come to a mutually acceptable outcome. Freedom of navigation and energy security is also threatened by piracy in crowded sea lanes. Cooperation between countries on exchange of information on white shipping and creation of marine domain awareness has acquired a new salience to prevent such threats at sea. We in India are creating a robust system of coastal surveillance and monitoring, and are increasingly collaborating with partner countries to share experiences, conduct joint exercises and to exchange information. The joint coastguard Dosti exercise between India, Sri Lanka and Maldives are an excellent example of such collaboration between littoral states. I would like to specifically mention the bilateral naval exercises forum, SIMBEX, we have developed with Singapore, the 15th round of which was just concluded with the participation of an indigenously built stealth frigate and an antisubmarine-warfare corvette from India. India also took the lead in 2008 to establish the Indian Ocean Naval Symposium. Today, it brings together 35 navies of the region with an aim to enhance mutual understanding of maritime challenges and develop our collective capacity to address these challenges. Effective coastal surveillance can significantly enhance our ability to protect merchant shipping from piracy and to fight threats like smuggling, poaching and illegal fishing, and trafficking of people. India has created a robust system of coastal surveillance relying on data systems, interceptor boats,

5 and registration and identification of bona fide fishing vessels. We have also collaborated with other countries in the Indian Ocean, like Seychelles and Mauritius, to help build the capabilities for coastal surveillance. Another increasingly important form of security collaboration between nations is humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. Tsunamis and earthquakes have taken major toll on lives and livelihoods of Asian citizens in recent decades. Similarly, major industrial accidents or oil spills in the ocean can be hugely disruptive, and often require a concerted response from all the countries in the neighbourhood to provide immediate relief and long-term rehabilitation. Our armed forces increasingly undertake joint exercises to enhance inter-operability amongst themselves while responding to such crises. Enhancing our collective HADR capacity requires advanced countries to share technologies and platforms with countries that are willing to play a positive role in this regard. This can be a force multiplier and enable a stronger coalition to emerge in dealing with natural disasters and maritime threats. In India, we are gradually strengthening our capacity to respond to such disasters not just in our own territory, but also in other parts of South Asia, in collaboration with our neighbours. Such collaboration was evident in the way we were able to respond when Maldives was faced with a potential drinking-water crisis last year, after its water-treatment plant was destroyed in a fire. Recently, we took the lead in rushing rescue and relief teams to help citizens of Nepal after a devastating earthquake. As far back as 2004, we had worked together with Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia to deliver immediate relief to the coastal areas devastated by the Indian Ocean tsunami. An Indian naval vessel, INS Saryu, has just participated in the week-long ASEAN Regional Forum disaster-relief exercise in Penang, northern Malaysia, in collaboration with the navies of China, Malaysia and Thailand. Evacuation of nationals trapped in situations of military conflict is another scenario where states need to work together to leverage each other s strengths and capacities. When we recently evacuated our citizens from the war zone in Yemen, we also pulled out thousands of citizens of other countries. The same was the case in evacuation operations undertaken from Libya, Syria and Iraq. The increasing penetration and dominance of the internet in our lives has created another potential new threat to our security, and also established a new arena for states to collaborate for mutual security. As our systems for running public transportation, electricity distribution and public-service delivery become more and more dependent on virtual networks, hackers and other mischievous elements acquire the capability to bring our life to a halt through the simple insertion of a line of malicious code into our computer systems. The day-to-day banking systems and corporate finance

6 can also be threatened if there are chinks in our cyber security. Increasingly, the internet and social media are also emerging as tools used by terrorists and extremist groups to motivate, radicalise and recruit vulnerable populations for their destructive purposes. Countering all this requires a high degree of technical competence amongst our law-enforcement agencies, and also the willingness to work together with each other to collectively keep one step ahead of the miscreants. It also requires greater sharing of governance of the internet amongst nations and multiple stakeholders. Yet another form of non-traditional security threat that Asian countries have to increasingly confront is the result of environmental degradation. Excessive mining or deforestation in one country can often have serious environmental consequences in a neighbour, including floods, droughts, water and air pollution. Once more, countering such threats requires states to work together to understand geoclimatic phenomena, to establish mutually acceptable rules of the game and to monitor their implementation. Finally, incidences of global pandemics are a new source of security risks for countries. Asia has been witness to the economic havoc that the SARS epidemic brought on our societies. As our countries become more and more interconnected and our citizens travel across the world on a daily basis, no country or region can insulate itself from such crises. Asia must work with the rest of the world to develop collaborative mechanisms for early detection and containment of global epidemics. Regular exchanges between our health authorities and creation of regional response systems will be crucial to further such collaboration. These were some of the immediate thoughts I had on the new types of security threats we face in Asia and the forms of collaboration that are required to counter them. As we march forward in this Asian century, we will no doubt come across even newer sources of threat to our collective security. However, I am confident that as long as we have the will to work together in a spirit of mutual accommodation and restraint, there is no threat that can arrest the rise of Asia. Thank you. Dr John Chipman, Director-General and Chief Executive, IISS Minister, thank you very much for that set of remarks which covered a number of different fields. Indeed, all three Ministers here addressed a number of different subjects. We have had a Shangri-La Dialogue initiative we might even style it SLDI in three parts, and a number of other specific proposals, so I do invite you all to seek the floor to make comments or ask brief questions.