HISTORY AND CULTURE ENTHUSIASTS WHO LOVE TO EXPLORE; GATE TO ANATOLIA IS WAITING FOR YOU. MYSTERIES OF HISTORY AND CULTURE ARE ON THIS PLATEAU.

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2 2 2 3 HISTORY AND CULTURE ENTHUSIASTS WHO LOVE TO EXPLORE; GATE TO ANATOLIA IS WAITING FOR YOU. MYSTERIES OF HISTORY AND CULTURE ARE ON THIS PLATEAU. Contents Culture and Creative Tourism Erzurum Castle, Clock Tower, Pasinler Castle, Oltu Castle, İspir Castle Erzurum Bastions, Double Minaret Madrasa, Yakutiye Madrasa, Ulu Murat Pasha, Gürcükapı, Kurşunlu, Narmanlı, İbrahim Pasha, Caferiye Lala Pasha, Aslan Pasha Social Complex, Tuğrul Shah, Abdurrahman Gazi Hz. Mausoleum, Üç Kümbetler (Three Mausolea), Ebu İshak Kazeruni Mausoleum, Cimcime Sultan Mausoleum, Rüstempasha Caravanserai Erzurum Archeology Museum, Congress Building, Atatürk's House, Öşvank Church, Çobandede Bridge, Haho Church (Stone ) Textile Industry, Oltu Stone Dressing, Saddlery, Bar, Javelin Erzurum Map of Culture and Creative Tourism

3 4 5 CULTURE AND CREATIVE TOURISM Erzurum, built at the feet of Palandöken Mountain Range, had been the economical and political center of the neighborhood throughout its history of 6000 years. In Erzurum which is one of the oldest settlement centers of Anatolia, many remnants belonging to Persians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks and Ottomans have survived until today. Beside historical artifacts, Erzurum draws attention with traditional folk dances, handicrafts which are continually produced and local flavors.

4 6 7 ERZURUM CASTLE Erzurum Castle comprises of an inner castle which provides security of the city and keeps guarding soldiers and an outer castle where the public is settled. The inner castle part succeeded to reach today. First construction of Erzurum Castle reaches back until Urartu Civilization of 900 B.C. The castle existing today is a work-of-art for Theodosius, the Byzantine Emperor. Saltukoğulları built up the Castle Mescid and a minaret here in 12th century. Süleyman the Magnificent and II. Mahmut repaired the castle thoroughly. The minaret inside the castle was turned into a Clock Tower in CLOCK TOWER It is one of the oldest and noble Turkish constructions of Erzurum. It was made built by İnanç Yabgu Alp Tuğrul Beg Ebü'l Muzaffer Gazi bin Ebü'l Kasım titeled "Şemsü'l- Müluk ve'l-ümem" from Saltuklular in the middle of 12th century. Clock Tower is adjacent to the northern side of the western wall of the inner castle standing today. Upper side of the minaret was demolished at the beginning of the 16th century and it was began to be used as a "Clock Tower" by adding a clock and as a watch-tower as well first in 1848 and then in PASİNLER CASTLE It is in the center of the town Pasinler. It was built by Hasan Bey, the son of Hacı Toğay, who was an İlhanlı Amir in Gate and walls of the inner castle which were made of dimension stone and rubble stone could survive. First introduction of the castle to Turks was by "Pasinler Battle" between Seljuks and Byzantines in OLTU CASTLE The castle found on a hill near Oltu Streamlet in the center of the town Oltu was made built by the Urartian in 4 B.C. The inner castle found on natural rocks and named Ehmedek today stands in front of us with all magnificence. On the northeastern edge of the castle, over a steep and a high bastion, there is a chapel remaining on the base level. İSPİR CASTLE It is located on an escarpment bordering Çoruh River on the west and the south in the town İspir. The first construction of İspir Castle reaches back to the Urartians. The surviving castle was built in the period of İlhanlılar in the 13th century. There is a mescid which has remained from the Saltukians inside the castle.

5 8 9 ERZURUM BASTIONS Erzurum bastions are important works-of-art carrying bitter memories of the 19th century. Bastions were established on 21 strategic points of the city against dangers from the east during the regression period of the Ottoman Empire. Especially Aziziye and Mescidiye Bastions played a crucial role in the Ottoman- Russian War named "93 Harbi" between The defense of Aziziye had been a stage to bravery of the public and enabled the city to be rescued from invasion. The public of Erzurum arrange a marching to the bastions in anniversaries of the defense and memorialize their heroes each year. YAKUTİYE MADRASA The work-of-art which was made built by Hoca Yakut Gazani in 1310 in İlhanlılar period is the biggest of the madrasas with a covered yard in Anatolia. The madrasa forms a great view with a balanced architecture, large motive ornamentations, its crown gate protruding to the outside of the facade, with a sunken arch and carvings. Date leaves, leopard and eagle figures are major symbols of the Middle Asian Turks. 6 cradle vaulted rooms stand in line facing one another on both sides of the yard. Additionally one can reach to the minaret from the room on the right corner. Its geometrical motives and minaret adorned with ceramics draw attention. Yahudiye Madrasa have served as Museum of İslamic Works-of-Art and Ethnography since DOUBLE MINARET MADRASA Double Minaret Madrasa built at the end of the 13th century is one of the most important, remaining works-of-art of the Seljukian Civilization and a symbol of Erzurum as well. Ornamentations found particularly at the crown gate of the madrasa display the depth and the aesthetics perspective of Seljukian stone decoration. Palmet and rumi motives and two-headed eagle, the symbol of Seljukians, and tree of life figures draw attention. Half minarets which are mentioned in legends and the mosque's ceramics are charming. Double Minaret Madrasa is one of the most important madrasas of its time. The mausoleum on the south of the yard is titled as the biggest mausoleum of that period. ULU MOSQUE Ulu, one of the oldest and the most prominent mosques in Erzurum, was made built by Nasreddin Aslan Mehmet, a Saltukian Amir in The rectangular shaped mosque reflects the architectural perspective of the Seljuks with its thick stone columns, swallow cupola, mihrab and minaret. There are 40 columns inside the mosque illuminated with 28 windows. The mosque has five doors, two on the east and three on the north.

6 10 11 MURAT PASHA MOSQUE It was made built by Kuyucu Murat Pasha in The hamam next to the construction forms a social complex together with Ana Hatun Mausoleum and Ahmediye Madrasa. The dome, squinches and arches of the mosque are ornamented with flower and leaf motives in European style by painting on plaster in the 19th century. Original wooden door, mimber and window lids are of the best illustrations of Ottoman woodwork. GÜRCÜKAPI MOSQUE It was made built by Zakreci Ali Ağa who served in Erzurum in It is known with the name Ali Ağa. The square shaped prayer place is covered with a central dome fitting on squinches on sides. KURŞUNLU MOSQUE Kurşunlu which was made built by Şeyhülislâm Feyzullah Efendi in 1701 is among the work-of-art belonging to the Ottoman period. The square planned construction made of stone is covered with a dome fitting on six drums. Wooden minbar of the construction is one of the best samples of Turkish woodwork. NARMANLI MOSQUE It is situated on the east of Double Minaret Madrasa in Tebriz Kapı neighborhood. The work-of-art was made built by Narmanlı Hacı Yusuf in 1738 according to a four row inscription on the door. Narmanlı has one big dome and five small domes on sides. The mosque made of straight dimension stones draws attention with its craftsmanship. İBRAHİM PASHA MOSQUE It was made built by İbrahim Ethem Pasha, Erzurum governor in The square planned mosque with a single dome was made of white color marble stone. The narthex in front of the mosque has three domes with four columns linked together with arches. Mihrab of the mosque is of marble. CAFERİYE MOSQUE It was made built by Hacı Cafer, the son of Ebubekir, in Three domes which open to the forth and to sides, are carried by four columns and hidden within the inclined ground were revealed during restorations in 2006 in front of the construction. The inner area is covered by a single dome fitting on squinches on sides.

7 12 13 LALAPASHA MOSQUE It was made built by Lala Mustafa Pasha, Erzurum governor, in It is the first mosque built in Erzurum during the Ottoman period. The architecture of the work-of-art belongs to Architect Sinan. The inscriptions on windows of the mosque illuminating the inner side are of unique calligraphy samples. Inside the narthex, there is a firman dated 1670, narrating that 4. Mehmed brought tax exemption to the public. ASLAN PASHA SOCIAL COMPLEX It is found in the town center of Oltu. It was made built by Arslan Mehmed Pasha, the safeguard of Kars from Çıldır Atabeks, in The social complex was established involving a mosque, madrasa, han, hamam and a palace. TUĞRUL SHAH MOSQUE It is found in town center of İspir. It was built for Melik Tuğrul Shah in 1225 when Saltukoğulları were bound to Konya Seljuk s. The harim section of the mosque draw attention with wooden pillars, a wooden ceiling and a swallow cupola. ÜÇ KÜMBETLER (THREE MAUSOLEA) Üç Kümbetler is among the best mausolea in Anatolia. The biggest of these mausolea which is supposed to be built in the late 12th century and belong to Emir Saltuk. Animal relievo on this one are zodiac figures of Middle Eastern Turks. The other two mausolea are the 14th century works-of-art. EBU İSHAK KAZERUNİ MAUSOLEUM It belongs to Ebu İshak Hazretleri of the biggest Islamic philosopher. Construction date of the mausoleum on the fortification wall bounding the inner castle to Double Minaret Madrasa is not exactly known. CİMCİME SULTAN MAUSOLEUM The tomb known to belong to a woman named Firuze was built in the 14th century. The body of the bastion with a round base was designed in accordance with the base. ABDURRAHMAN GAZİ HZ. MAUSOLEUM Hier lies Abdurrahman Gazi Hz., a sahabe (companion), who served as flag-bearer for Hz. Muhammed'in (s.a.v). The mausoleum was made built by Ayşe Hanım who was the wife of Yusuf Ziya Pasha, Erzurum governor, in 1796 and a mosque was added next to it. RÜSTEM PASHA CARAVANSERAI It was made built by Rüstem Pasha, the grand vizier of Süleyman the Magnificent, in The construction is one of the most beautiful Ottoman caravanserai samples. This work-of-art named Taşhan currently serves as a production and a sales place of Oltu stone artisans.

8 14 15 ERZURUM ARCHEOLOGICAL MUSEUM The museum which was in service first in Yahudiye Madrasa in 1944 and later in Double Minaret Madrasa in 1947 began to serve in its current building in The museum includes a II thousand B.C. Trans-Kafkas Culture Hall, an Urartu Hall and an Armenian Extermination Hall. In the exhibition hall of the museum, informative pieces in various matters such as cultural development, production, life style, art, believes and traditions of communities who used to exist in the neighborhood are being displayed. ÖŞVANK CHURCH It is in Çamlıyamaç Village in the town Uzundere. It was made built by Magistras Bagrat in 973 during the time of Gürcü Bagratlı Dynasty. Öşvank Church, interesting with its colorful stone adornments and relief figures, is one of the leading religious constructions of the 10th century. The work-of-art included a hamam, bedroom, baptistery, priest houses, kitchen and a library. ÇOBANDERE BRIDGE CONGRESS BUILDING The construction which was aimed to be İdadi Mektebi (high school) in 1867 is the main symbol of War of Independence history. Erzurum Congress assembled in this building in leadership of Atatürk in 23 July Foundations of Turkish Republic were laid during this congress addressing Unity of the Nation. The building Congress Hall of which was turned into a museum today serves as a High School for Fine Arts. It is found on the north side of and 15 km away from Pasinler on Erzurum-Horasan Highway. The bridge found on the historical Silk Road route was made built by Salduzlu Emir Çoban Noyin, the vizier of Gazan Han ( ), an İlhanlı ruler, in The construction form and head of bridge design reflect Seljuck and İlhanlı architectural styles. The bridge built on the conjunction point of Karga Pazarı and Aras River has the length of 128 m and the width of 8.5 m. ATATÜRK'S HOUSE It was built as a mansion in the 19th century. Mustafa Kemal Pasha with his companions who came Erzurum in 3 July 1919 stayed in this house for 52 days. The construction with two stairs upon the basement currently serve as a museum. HAHO CHURCH (STONE MOSQUE) It is in Bagbaşı Village in the town Tortum. The construction known as Meryem Ana Church was made built by III. David, a Bagratlı King, in The construction, turned into a mosque in the 19th century, was named to be Stone.

9 16 17 TEXTILE INDUSTRY In Erzurum named Kalikala meaning Carpet City for a period of time, weaving has an important place. Erzurum carpet business is recently kept alive by Public Education Directorate and in Carpet Atelier of Atatürk University, Faculty of Fine Arts. Ehram is one of the main woven products. Ehram is an outdoor clothing woven completely in sheep's wool and used by women in one piece as an outgoing robe. Ehram weaving loom is found in Ilıca Quarter. SADDLERY It is an art of making and repairing leather and buff parts of car harnesses, suits for mount and pulling animals, saddles. Artisans who manage this art are called saraç in Turkish. Today there are only two saraç in the saddlery in Gürcükapı Quarter in Erzurum. BAR OLTU STONE DRESSING Folk dances performed in Erzurum vicinity are called bar. Bar means unity and solidarity. Women and men bars are performed in different ways. Men bars have 18 categories, while the number is 15 for women. They are performed in special days, during celebrations and several organizations. Oltu stone is a black, solid, bright, polishable and trimmable lignite type with tinder fractures. Accessories like mouthpiece, rosary, pin, earring, ring and bracelet are produced from Oltu stone which can be used together with gold and silver. Oltu stone ateliers are found in Taşhan and in different parts of the city. JAVELIN Javelin, based on fighting of mankind using horses, is accepted as a demonstration of masculinity. It is a game played by the Turks since centuries ago. This game combining movements of horse and man during wars is played on a javelin square.

10 Kışla Street Cennet Zade Çk Memişağa St treet Kurtderesi Street 2. Kurtderesi Street TANBUL KAPI STREET 50.YIL STREET al Gürsel Street Erzurum etropolitan unicipality Şelale Evler Street Erzurum Governorate MEHMET AVENUE Kombina Street ERZURUM MAP OF CULTURE AND CREATIVE TOURISM Merkez Yönetim Street Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism Tourist Information Lojmanlar Street Mecidiye Street Hastaneler Street Dr. İspiroğlu Street Hastaneler Street Erkuş Street 1. M Yavuz Street Rıza Bey Street Havuzbaşı Cengiz St Kara Yenişehir Street Yenişehir Street Veli Street Oral and Dental Health Center Öğretmenevi 1. Sümbül Street PTT DDY Lojmanlar Street Gez Street İsmatpaşa St Sigorta Street Kırmızı Erzurum Archeological Museum Mustafa Durmaz Street Yasemin Street Çeşme St 2. Halit Paşa St Mazi Street Emniyet Street Dabak Hurşit 2. St Çıkmaz Street Menderes Street Cengiz Topel Street Nafiz Ergin Street Cami Önü Street re St Bahçe Street Kazım Karabekir Street Millet Bahçe Street 2. Millet Bahçe St 3. Millet Bahçe St 1. Korukçu Street Ankara St Atatürk's House Fındık St Cami St 10 Erzincan Kapı Street Sabunhane Street Ara Street Gemalmaz St 1. Cami Street Cami Street Nafiz Ergin Street Uzun Street Hacı Ömer Street Çavuşoğlu St Hamam St et Millet Bahçe St Hakim Street Dursun B e y Street Mollaoğlu St Erzincan Kapı Street Sabunhane Street İhmal Akif Hoca Street Örnek St. Umudum Street Cami Street Ali Ağa St. Bahçe St Yaseri 2. St Yaseri St Cami St 1. Cennet Çeşme Street 2. Çk Şht. Bülent Hurşit St Filiz Street 1. Karanfil Street Bezölçen Street Il ca Durağı St. 1. Bedendibi St 1. Saraçoğlu St Kemalağa St Çırçır Street Na Alaftar St. Kuloğlu Street Kad oğlu St Başakefe Street Tohumcu St. Sandıkçı St. Kuruhapan St İki kapılı Kahve St Rüştiye St Nam k St Arçelik Street Cami Street Ali Ravi Street Cami Street Camiönü St St Parkönü Filiz Street Akkiprik St. Esatpaşa Yokuşu St Mektep St Hükümet Ar. St Demirciler Street Küçük Hamam St Kıkçeşme St Musa Bey St Telgraf St Cami St Şahbender St Cami St Hanım Hamamı Street İsmail Bey St Kulhan Çk Osmanpaşa St Mektep Arkası Street Edip Efendi St Kırklar Street Araplardüzü St Leyla St Kilise St Mollaoğlu Street Bakırcılar St Haznedar St Hacı Ali Street Yüzbaşı St Berber St Kurşunlu Cami St CUMHURİYET STREET CUMHURİYET STREET Murat Pasha İstasyon Street Verem Savaş Dispanseri Muratpaşa Str. 50.YIL STREET Mumcu Street PTT Bosna Hersek Street Sami Kopan Street Mumcu Street Yakutiye Madrasa Yenikapı Street Orhan Şerifsoy Street Pelit Meydan Street SYMBOLS İzzet Paşa Street Cennet Çeşme Str. Köşk Street Gürcükapı Street Gürcü Kapı PTT Demirciler Street Menderes Street Lala Pasha Yenikapı Street k k Rüstempasha Caravanserai Ali Ravi Street Gürcü Kapı Street Ayazpaşa Street Ali Ravi Street Kurşunlu İbrahim Paşa Tourist Information Historical mosque Halk Kütüphanesi Museum Mausoleum Creative tourism Erzurum Congress Building Kongre Street Demirciler Street k Caferiye Barut St Mollakaya Street Ketenci St Zorlu St Gümüş Masat St Hüseyin Efendi St Parmaksız Street Keleş St Şahbender Street Eski Bat Pazarı Street Bedendibi Street Demir S treet Numan Street Çeşme St Erzurum Castle Şerif Efendi Street Osman Paşa St Şadırlı Street k 3. Turan St Taşmağazalar Street Kırklar St Oltulu St Gazino Street Gedik Street Cedik Street Ceylanoğlu St Ceylanoğlu Street Taşkın Street Daracık Street Ebu İshak Street Cimcime Sultan Mausolea Ulu Değ Camidar St. Hurşit Bey St Erzurumlu Street Mahmudiye St Orta St 2. Turan St Nazik Çarşısı Eski Bat Pazarı Street Hotel Restaurant Public institution Hospital Çifte Minareler St Tarçın Street Cedit Dere Street Esvap Emin Street Yaseri St Rızabey St 3. Turan St Toprak Tabya St ebi Street Tahtacılar Street Sadettin Konevi Street Rabi Baba Street Rabi Baba Street Hacı Ahmet Street Kabristan St 1. Gölbaşı Street Büyük St Tepe St Laçoğlu St 18 Gümrük Cami Street Cami St Kümbet St Gölbaşı Street Dere Street Ebu İshak Kazeruni Mausoleum Double Minaret Madrasa Palandöken Str. Three Mausolea Kantarcıoğlu St Arifiye Street Salih Kavaz Street Midilli Street Bayındır St Daracık St 2. Şemobay St Topdağı Çk Hacı Mirza St Çürüklük St Hacı Ahmet St Muradiye St Yüzbaşı Çk Çavuşoğlu St Terfi Baba St Şamilbey St tdibi Street Balyoz Street E sat Çu h adar St Tahtacami St opdağı Çk Büyük Delibaş St 2. Temir Ağa St Kars Kapı Street Narmanlı Yüzbaşı Street ağı Çk İban Ağa S Tahtac Büyük Meyd Tunay St Sıvırcık Street K lk l St Nenehatun St Lale St AH Kuşb Dere Street Mahmut Paşa Street 2. M. Pa 1. Lale S Bekir Efendi St H

11 9. Street 10. Street 12. Street Havaalanı Airport Erzurum Airport Road Otogar Bus Terminal Cemal Gürsel Stadyumu Cemal Gürsel Stadium Terminal Street Boydak Street 3. Street ERZİNCAN - ERZURUM ROAD PTT Somunoğlu Street ANKARA İSTANBUL TRABZON Bilgihan Street Terminal Street Barbaros Cami St Çağlayan Street Fuar Yolu Ar. Street Terminal Street Meteoroloji Bölge Müdürlüğü Atatürk University Hünkar Street Yenimahalle Street Gülşah Street Çağlayan Street 13. Street 2. A 11. Street 11. Street Somunoğlu Street Fuar Yolu ORG. SELAHETTİN DEMİRCİOĞLU STREET 14. Street 3. Ara Demiryolu Street Orduevi Street Aziziye Parkı 14. Street Kurtderesi Street 2. Kurtderesi Street İSTANBUL KAPI STREET 50.YIL STREET Cemal Gürsel Street Şelale Evler Street Merkez Yönetim Street FATİH SULTAN MEHMET AVENUE CONTACTS Kombina Street RELEVANT FOUNDATIONS Erzurum Governorate +90 (442) Metropolitan Municipality +90 (442) Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism +90 (442) Museum Directorate +90 (442) Tourist Information +90 (442) Ambulance Short-Call: 112 Police Short-Call: 155 TRANSPORTATION Erzurum Airport +90 (442) Turkish Airlines Anadolujet Onur Airlines +90 (850) Lojmanlar Street Pegasus Airlines Erzurum Provincial Directorate of +90 (850) Culture 250 and 07 Tourism 37 Metropolitan Tourist Information Municipality Erzurum Bus Terminal +90 (442) Erzurum Governorate Esadaş Tourism +90 (442) Dadaş Tourism Palandöken Tourism +90 (442) palandokenseyahat.com Mecidiye Street Hastaneler Street Dr. İspiroğlu Street Hastaneler Street Yavuz Street Erkuş Street 1. M TOURISM AGENCIES Kuşkay Tour +90 (442) Tour +90(442) Durmazpınar Tourism +90 (442) Ak-Burak Tour +90 (442) Eş-Dost Tour Oral and Dental Health Center +90 (442) Overir Tour +90 (442) Tur 25 Tourism +90 (442) Medam Tourism +90 (505) Rıza Bey Street Cengiz St Kara Yenişehir Street Yenişehir Street Veli Street Öğretmenevi ACCOMMODATION 1. Sümbül Street DDY Lojmanlar Street Gez Street İsmatpaşa St Polat Renaissance Hotel +90 (442) Havuzbaşı Xanadu Snow White PTT +90 (442) Dedeman Palandöken +90 (442) Dedeman Ski Lodge +90 (442) Tourinn Palan Hotel +90 (442) Palandöken Kayak Evi +90 (442) Sigorta Street Mustafa Durmaz Street Yasemin Street Kırmızı Kule Hotel +90 (442) Erzurum Archeological Museum Çeşme St 2. Halit Paşa St Mazi Street Emniyet Street Dabak Hurşit 2. St Çıkmaz Street Menderes Street Erzurum Tourism Portal Cengiz Topel Street Nafiz Ergin Street 2. Millet Bahçe St 3. Millet Bahçe St Cami Önü Street Bahçe Street Kazım Karabekir Street Millet Bahçe Street 1. Korukçu Street İstasyon Street Ankara St Fındık St Cami St 20 Hotel Dilaver +90 (442) Grand Hitit Hotel +90 (442) Hotel Polat +90 (442) Esadaş Hotel +90 (442) Hotel Amiller +90 (442) Akçay Hotel +90 (442) Hekimoğlu Hotel +90 (442) Kral Hotel +90 (442) Verem Savaş Dispanseri Erzincan Kapı Street Ara Street Gemalmaz St 1. Cami Street Cami Street Nafiz Ergin Street Uzun Street Millet Bahçe St Hacı Ömer Street Çavuşoğlu St Hamam St et 50.YIL STREET Hakim Street Dursun B e y Street CUMHURİYET STREET Muratpaşa Str. Mumcu Street PTT RELATED CONNECTIONS Mumcu Street Bosna Hersek Street Mollaoğlu St Akif Hoca S Sami Kopan Street Metin Çelebi Atatürk's (Oltu stone House artisan) +90 (537) Mehmet Tozoğlu (Ehram weaver) +90 (544) Akbulut Saraciye (Saddlery) +90 (442) Yakup Pak (Cirit) +90 (536) Atatürk University Carpet Business Murat Pasha Training Center +90 (536) (442) Erzurum Folk Dances-Folk Songs Tourism Association +90 (442) Örnek St. Erzincan Kapı St Yenikapı Street Erzurum Foundation of Development +90 (442) Erzurum Culture, Tourism, Youth and Sport Association +90 (543) Sabunhane Street Um O Yakuti Madra re St Sabunhane Street

12 This brochure was printed within the project named "Awareness Project for Erzurum Tourism Products" supported by Northeast Anatolia Development Agency. The mere responsibility for the content is held by Provincial Culture and Tourism Directorate and the content does not include the opinion of Northeast Anatolia Development Agency.