FitSmolt: Utvikling av seleksjonstester, treningsregimer og markører for å styrke smoltens robusthet og redusere tap i sjø

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "FitSmolt: Utvikling av seleksjonstester, treningsregimer og markører for å styrke smoltens robusthet og redusere tap i sjø"

William Elvin Morton
7 years ago
Views:

1 FitSmolt: Utvikling av seleksjonstester, treningsregimer og markører for å styrke smoltens robusthet og redusere tap i sjø NFR/FHF prosjekt #900870; Sven Martin Jørgensen Nofima Fiskehelse, Ås FHF s fiskehelsesamling 1-2.sept

sjø NFR/FHF prosjekt #900870; 2013-2016 Sven Martin

FitSmolt WP1: Novel screening tests for robustness selection in juvenile salmon (completed)* WP2: Optimisation of exercise protocols for improved smolt robustness (completed) WP3: Phenotypic and

2 FitSmolt WP1: Novel screening tests for robustness selection in juvenile salmon (completed)* WP2: Optimisation of exercise protocols for improved smolt robustness (completed) WP3: Phenotypic and genomic analysis of cardiac & physiological robustness (finalizing data) Project consortium: Nofima (Harald Takle, Sven Martin Jørgensen, Gerrit Timmerhaus, Aleksei Krasnov, Matthew Baranski, Nicholas Robinson, Øivind Andersen) University of Brest, Frankrike (Guy Claireaux, Florian Mauduit) University of British Columbia, Canada (Tony Farrell, Yangfan Zhang) Universitetet i Nordland (Torstein Kristensen) Turku University, Finland (Katja Anttila) *Anttila/Jørgensen et al. Frontiers Marine Science 2014, 1:76 2

Aleksei Krasnov, Matthew Baranski, Nicholas Robinson, Øivind Andersen) University of Brest, Frankrike (Guy Claireaux, Florian Mauduit) University of British Columbia, Canada

3 WP2: Optimization of exercise protocols for improved smolt robustness Objective: Evaluate the impact of swimming exercise regimes in juvenile salmon in order to establish optimal exercise protocols for improving inherent robustness traits of salmon during the freshwater production cycle Motivation: No knowledge of optimal exercise regimes from start-feeding Both too low and high water current may affect survival, growth and performance Will exercise already from fry stage allow higher exercise intensity during parr smolt stage? 9/7/2015 3

freshwater production cycle Motivation: No knowledge of optimal exercise regimes from start-feeding Both too low and high water current

4 Exercise training regimes fry smolt Fry parr: Parr smolt: PD challenge: Low Medium High 1.8 g 20 g 0.3 BL/s 1 BL/s 1.5 BL/s 0.2 BL/s 0.8/0.6 BL/s 2/1.5 BL/s 80 g Growth Heart physiology Swimming endurance Morfometry Gene/protein expression Growth Heart physio Swimming endurance Morfometry Gene/protein expression Mortality Histopath. Morfometry Gene exp. 4

5 BL/s 80 g Growth Heart physiology Swimming endurance Morfometry Gene/protein expression

5 Experimental design Number of fish and training groups: 1st period, parr stage 2nd period, smolt stage Group name Low Low LL Low Medium LM Low High LH Medium Medium MM Medium High MH High Medium HM High Low HL

6 Training stimulates growth Fry-Parr Parr-Smolt Non-trained smolts had significant larger CF than Medium & High training N = 300

7 Maximum heart rate (bpm) Training increases heart rate in parr Temperature dependent heart rate Low Medium High Temperature C High training (1.5 BL/s from 2-12 g) resulted in a: Higher maximum heart rate over the entire temperature challenge A greater peak for maximum heart rate A higher upper temperature tolerance

5 BL/s from 2-12 g) resulted in a: Higher maximum heart rate over the entire

RVM to BM RVM to BL Trained parr have bigger hearts Ventricle mass/ body mass Ventricle mass/ body length RVM to BL high low low 0.00011 - med 0.00246 0.

8 RVM to BM RVM to BL Trained parr have bigger hearts Ventricle mass/ body mass Ventricle mass/ body length RVM to BL high low low med L M H L M H Training increased ventricular mass relative to body length but not relative to body mass Same effects on liver mass relative to length No effects on hematocrit 8

28147 L M H L M H Training increased ventricular mass relative to body length but

9 Number of body lengths swum Trained parr have better swimming endurance Gr. Low Medium High Average distance swum (m) Poor swimmers Number of fish Poorer swimming performance of untrained parr Best swimmers Higher heart rate and larger ventricle mass results in better swimming capacity

3 Average distance swum (m) Poor swimmers Number of fish Poorer swimming

10 Maximum heart rate (bpm) Effect of training on heart rate of smolts Temperature dependent heart rate L M H Temperature C High training from 2-80 g resulted in a: Lower maximum heart rate at 18 C A greater peak for maximum heart rate A higher upper temperature tolerance 10

from 2-80 g resulted in a: Lower maximum heart rate at 18 C A

11 Hemoglobin Trained smolt have higher blood hemoglobin levels L M H High and Medium have significantly higher levels than Non-trained Improved capacity of oxygen transport 11

12 RVM to BM Trained smolt have bigger hearts L M H High has significant larger relative ventricle mass than M and L Training improves cardiac capacity by increasing stroke volume and oxygen transport (higher Hb) in smolts Training improves cardiac capacity by increasing heart rate in parr 12

capacity by increasing stroke volume and oxygen transport (higher Hb) in

13 Trained smolts have much better endurance Number of body lengths swum Low Med High Average distance swum Gr. (m) Low 1058 Medium 1238 High 1454 Poor swimmers Number of fish H > M > L for both poor and good swimmers Best swimmers Significance for survival and welfare during transport and performance first months in sea 13

(m) Low 1058 Medium 1238 High 1454 Poor swimmers Number of fish H > M > L for

14 % dødelighet Trained smolts have increased PD survival (SAV3 injection challenge of post-smolts for 12 weeks, Veso Vikan) PD kumulativ død M L 16,7 N= H 8 8, ,3 1,7 HH LH MH MM LL Treningsregime High intensity training in last stage (parr-smolt) = significantly lower mortality vs medium & low intensity 14

10 H 8 8,3 6 4 2 0 3,3 1,7 HH LH MH MM LL Treningsregime High intensity training in

15 Heart histopathology vs survival Ventricle: No group differences in ventricle pathol Epicard: Untrained fish: lowest score in ventricle, highest in epicard at peak mortality No group differences for pancreas & atrium pathology test 15

lowest score in ventricle, highest in epicard at peak

16 Virus load heart 21,50 22,00 22,50 23,00 23,50 24,00 24,50 25,00 25,50 SAV 4wpc LH MH HH MM LL NS 4 wpc: No significant differences 29,50 30,00 30,50 31,00 31,50 32,00 SAV 12wpc LH MH HH MM LL 12 wpc: Highest virus in high-trained fish 32,50 * test 16

differences 29,50 30,00 30,50 31,00 31,50 32,00 SAV 12wpc LH MH

17 Trained smolts have stronger antibody response? -Increased and broader expansion of IgM clonotypes (4 wpc) High-trained (HH): Non-trained (LL): Ig-seq: Abundance of IgM variable region transcripts test 17

18 Growth during infection Weight gain relative to 0 wpc: Thermal growth coefficient relative to 0 wpc: Reduced growth in untrained (LL) test 18

19 19 Oppsummering Trening i hele ferskvannsfasen øker smoltens robusthet gjennom: Økt vekst Stimulert hjertevekst Styrket kardiovaskulær helse Økt svømmeutholdenhet (aerobisk kapasitet) Økt overlevelse mot PD

hjertevekst Styrket kardiovaskulær helse Økt

CHAPTER 14 ORDINAL MEASURES OF CORRELATION: SPEARMAN'S RHO AND GAMMA

CHAPTER 14 ORDINAL MEASURES OF CORRELATION: SPEARMAN'S RHO AND GAMMA Chapter 13 introduced the concept of correlation statistics and explained the use of Pearson's Correlation Coefficient when working