Explain how the energy of the Sun can be transferred to a secondary consumer.

Transcription

1 Explain how the energy of the Sun can be transferred to a secondary consumer. Sun } pviotds (frith em --? producer ^ primary - ^ secondary Consumer con 5 am er Plant cells contain chloropj as 1~S _, the site of photosynthesis. Plants and many microorganisms use ^Soi Qi- ( I ighh) energy to combine the inorganic molecules _ and N^O _ into energy-rich organic compounds (ex Q 1 UtO S 6. _J and release oxygen to the environment. Chi Prop lasrs _ - the site of photosynthesis in plants State the overall net equation equaton for potosyntess photosynthesis f \ LI ^ dioxtde -r nao -- > G-iuco^c -h Q What is the chief purpose of photosynthesis for a plant? Wfle. QrQQjqt.C S What type of chemical reaction is needed to convert the simple organic compound glucose to more complex ones like proteins, DNA, starches, and fats? S U rftn <LS f S _ P r & K I H 6 _ bonds releases chemical energy A DP +P+ The phosphate bonds of the ATP molecule are n Qn in energy. The energy from ATP can be used to perform an organism's JTTif, _ processes. Enzymes are O T^ ^ >1 / C catalysts made mostly of 0 TQ T6 1 ^ _. A(n) CflT fl ly S T~ reaction itself. speeds up a chemical reaction without becoming part of that List three specific examples of the "lock and key concept" we discussed in class this year. a.) enzine- 6 u b.) an"hko(wc-). hormone ~tarqet Ce11

2 The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment which is in balance with its surroundings is called VlQHgOS'J'Q.SlS. Another name for homeostasis is QU n q^l ic 6CJLU I 11 b r I Cltvj List two major things which can occur if an organism fails to maintain homeostasis. (\ oh oeatn Any organism which causes disease is called a(n) _ O (X\ Y\ tie List four categories of pathogens we studied. 41 bacter/q virustuagi Any foreign invader is called a(n) CXHTt A chemical substance made by lymphocytic white blood cells to destroy or immobilize foreign invaders is called a(n) CXwfl IN CtTUrfli K. I iicr C^^l S kill some cancer cells which arise within the body. :ell X is a )lood cell while the round disk shaped cells are and ;he small fragments are O CU i i I y M jq VlOCU -S _ - are white blood cells which engulf and destroy bacteria are white blood cells which produce antibodies Some white blood cells simply mark invading pathogens for O ^S I *~(ACi W I

3 Antibodies C White blood cells response * <LM>Q<>ure To An immune response - white blood cells and antibodies attack a virus. Notice that the antibody protein has to have a specific SnAP & to fit with the antigen. This is another example of the VvOCK flfl O rv i/ concept. This is also why vaccines are specific for a particular poitnoflgy] or (XY\\( QCH. Vaccines use ocft<3.. microbes to stimulate the immune system to fight patnoqcns The immune system will now have a MCMOry (or secondary immune response) to destroy any antigens which again invade the body at a later time. Explain the chief mechanism by which AIDS destroys our immune system. W&Cls so can not" Hi Why do people with AIDS die with things like respiratory diseases and rare cancers? Mo a disease or group of diseases where the immune system over responds ff ndstoo normally harmless substances are diseases where the body attacks some of its own cells as in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus Name a disease caused by inheritance. H U^u ncttbfl VS Q ( S <X & J _C Name a disease caused by toxic substances. jcinq Q Cq^CCr ^ oyttn» 0 M \ \

4 Name a disease associated with poor nutrition. S CU r V V _ What is an organ malfunction? Q rqq^ T(Xt I UrC 6A K\ n U 5 Give an example of a poor personal behavior resulting in a disease which exhibits itself many years later. >J, A j j _ ObesiTy arthk'ns neart" d ' Any change in the DNA of a cell is called a(n) MiAT fli iqr\. mitotic cell division. is a group of diseases associated with uncontrolled Why are some chemicals and radiations called carcinogens? ~The exposure To me^v ' cwnoe. Ql qerhna List and explain two examples where our increased knowledge of genetics and reproductive technologies allow us to detect and diagnose diseases more quickly. dectropko rem Down SroMt Vi vv like '^ov _. allows us to look at pictures of chromosomes and detect disorders Amniocentesis - removal of a sample of the fetus C )U _ in order to detect possible genetic disorders ^ W j i! Dynamic equilibrium results from detection of and response to stimuli. Oi i^hajt^s _ is any change in the environment responded to by an organism List an example of an organism responding to a stimulus at the cellular level. Cell Se^ds l^omist \y\e To STimtx I List an example of an organism responding to a stimulus at the organism level. Q on d p Feedback mechanisms have evolved to maintain _ r\ VH.0 S i&s V S

5 another process. is something which stimulates or slows (inhibits) How does adrenaline illustrate a feedback? \<\ r e K-a t How does increased insulin illustrate a feedback? in ml in 4- blood sugar res CwtCA piratory F'ancreas less insulin Pancreas secretes more insulin Lower blood sugar Structure X is the which produces the hormone H $' U I I K) which lowers our blood glucose or sugar. Insulin lowers blood sugar by converting excess glucose to muscles. Glucose also takes blood sugar directly into our C an i m a \ 1~arcH ) in the liver and As muscle cell activity increases, our heart rate and respiratory rate \S Q

6 As plants need to conserve water, their C _\(s change in shape to close the S"f"QKOL"f" - and prevent water loss. X is a eel/ A Different View of Guard Cells X Hormones and Receptors on Target Cells Endocrine Gland Hormones produced by endocrine glands must have specific P on target cells in order to fit them. This is another example of the QrtA KfrLl concept. Nontarget Cell OVfe " ' Target Cell Hormone H tv\ n 0 Y\" -Pit" -aet" m cell. ce r.s on