SATCOM SUPPORT TO CIVIL PROTECTION ACTIVITIES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS: THE ALPSAR PROJECT D. Giordani 1, S. Marcuzzi 2 and D.

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1 descrivere l azione registrata sulla componente verticale del moto sempre sottostimata, sia analizzando i dati in termini di pseudoaccelerazione che pseudovelocità per entrambi i periodi di ritorno presi in considerazione (475 e 2475 anni). Dagli spettri di risposta dell azione registrata è ben visibile inoltre l effetto di direttività con valori decisamente maggiori della componente N-S rispetto a quella E-W. Inoltre, come anticipato in precedenza, mentre l ancoraggio degli spettri di norma (PGA) valutato per il periodo di 475 anni è mediamente di poco inferiore (ordine del 30%) rispetto ai valori registrati, la forma spettrale differisce in modo significativo dallo spettro relativo alla registrazione di sito specie nell intervallo di periodi di interesse ingegneristico ( secondi). Considerazioni finali. Le analisi effettuate ed i confronti con le azioni attese confermano ancora una volta l importanza di rivalutare il calcolo e la restituzione delle mappe di pericolosità sismica sulla base di differenti parametri del moto sismico introducendo opportunamente fattori che tengano conto degli effetti da sorgente vicina nella stima dell azione sismica e valutando in modo più accurato l influenza che condizioni litostratigrafiche e/o sismogeniche possono avere sulla forma spettrale delle azioni di progetto. Bibliografia Chiauzzi L., Masi A., Mucciarelli M., Vona M., Pacor F., Cultrera G., Galloviã F. and Emolo A.; 2012: Building damage scenarios based on exploitation of Housner Intensity derived from finite faults ground motion simulations. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Volume 10, Number 2 (2012), Crowley H., Stucchi M., Meletti C., Calvi G.M. and Pacor F.; 2009: Revisiting Italian design code spectra following the L Aquila earthquake. Progettazione Sismica, N. 3/2009 Special Issue, IUSS PRESS (ISSN ). Housner G.W.; 1952: Intensity of ground motion during strong earthquakes. Second technical report. August 1952, California Institute of Technology, Pasedena, California. Masi A., Chiauzzi L., Braga F., Mucciarelli M., Vona M. and Ditommaso R.; 2011(a): Peak and integral seismic parameters of L Aquila 2009 ground motions: observed vs code provision values. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, Volume 9, Number 1 (2011), Masi A., Vona M. and Mucciarelli M.; 2011(b): Selection of natural and synthetic accelerograms for seismic vulnerability studies on RC frames. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 137, No. 3, March 2011, pp NTC08; 2008: D.M. 14 gennaio Norme tecniche per le costruzioni. Ministero delle Infrastrutture. OPCM 3519; 2006: Criteri generali per l individuazione delle zone sismiche e per la formazione e l aggiornamento delle medesime zone. Ordinanza del Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri n GU 108 del 11 maggio 06. SATCOM SUPPORT TO CIVIL PROTECTION ACTIVITIES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS: THE ALPSAR PROJECT D. Giordani 1, S. Marcuzzi 2 and D. Sandron 3 1 Friuli Venezia Giulia Regional Civil Protection 2 National Italian Alpine Rescue Corp 3 The National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics OGS Introduction. This paper describes the AlpSAR system, which is a communication tool supporting the decision makers, surveillance and intervention teams during civil protection emergencies. It is design in particular to support the emergency management through information and communication tools that links in real time the onsite rescuers with the coordinator centres by space-based applications. This system is one of the products created by the European project, cofinanced by funds from the Civil Protection Financial Instrument, AlpSAR (Alpine Search and Rescue Slovenia to Italy) and in turn the results of the previous U-2010 project in addition to the experiences on field of civil protection operators. The system is on developing and optimization thanks to the fruitful synergy between the technical staff and the rescuer teams, very often in training and test on field missions. Once tested, the system will find application in other types of civil protection interventions, in particular it has been used on an experimental basis after an earthquake in the Emilia Romagna region, hit recently by a strong earthquake. Mutual cooperation in the border area. Due to the geographic position of the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (FVG), the regional Civil Protection (PCR) worked for many years in a cooperation and integrated way with similar facilities in the North-eastern Alps, in particular with Slovenia and the Land of Carinthia (Austria), in the prevention and prediction of earthquakes, floods, fire and 43

2 rescue operation in the mountains. This collaboration led to the drafting of operating protocols between the structures of civil protection of the neighbouring countries: signed between the FVG autonomous region and the Republic of Slovenia on January 18, 2006 and between FVG and Land Carinthia in November Such cooperation agreements arise from the awareness of the natural or man-made risk that may involve the neighbouring populations of the border area, and the desire to achieve maximum mutual cooperation and coordination in emergency situations with the common goal of ensuring the protection of the safety of people, goods, cultural heritage, settlements and the natural environment in the border area. In order to implement the protocols and to improve the exchange of information and cross-border cooperation in emergency management, the Civil Protection of Friuli Venezia Giulia participates in several European projects. One of these, the last in terms of time, is the above mentioned European project AlpSAR through which the PCR is developing tools for emergency management based also on satellite system to support search and rescue missions. The project partnership and objectives. On January 18, 2006 the Republic of Slovenia and the Friuli Venezia Giulia autonomous region signed a protocol regarding the cooperation between the civil protection services of both countries. One issue that was addressed in this protocol was the cooperation between the mountain rescue services of both countries in the common Alpine border. In addition it was stated that the effectiveness of the mountain search and rescue operations should be improved. The Slovene URSZR and HITEC Luxembourg have worked together in the EU-funded FP6 project U-2010 to create a concept for leveraging new communication tools for mountain search and rescue (SAR) missions. URSZR has decided to deploy this solution, which allows all participants of a SAR mission (search teams, team leaders and headquarter) to exchange detailed information about the progress of the mission. This was also the perfect solution to support and improve the collaboration between Slovene and Friuli Venezia Giulia Civil Protection mountain rescue services. The AlpSAR project coordinator is the Hitec SA Luxemburg; the partners are the Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief and PCR. For their specific role on SAR mission the Alpine rescuers of FVG and Slovenia are involved in the Project. The Project is subdivided into four phases: - Phase 1, Common Cooperative Procedure definition : in a common workshop the processes of the PCR-FVG and Slovene Mountain Rescue Services were analysed. - Phase 2, Adaptation and Integration of the tool set : the tool set will be adapted to the requirements of the collaborative procedures. Through an iterative process with monthly releases and feedback an effective and user driven implementation will be assured. Parallel to the implementation phase 3 is started. - Phase 3, Field Trial : the tool set installed on servers in Slovenia and PCR-FVG. Selected SAR team leaders and headquarter (HQ) personnel of Slovenia and PCR-FVG are trained in the new procedures and the usage of the tool set. Internal exercises were conducting to test the procedures and the tool set to provide feedback. In a workshop at the end of the field trial phase the feedback will be evaluated and updates of the requirements for the tool set and procedures defined. - Phase 4, Start Productive use : the procedures and tool set are put into productive use. The main objectives are: - Implementation of the collaboration between both Slovene and FVG rescue services according to the signed protocol to improve the national and international coordination of search missions caused by avalanches or missing or injured people in the Alpine mountains; - Improve the safety of SAR teams creating awareness where the individual members are in case of an emergency; - Tracking and tracing of search team members while on the move, providing all search information to the search team leader, to the respective CP HQ and distribute the information 44

3 Fig. 1 - Scenario of SAR mission with teams on the fields linked in real team with team leader and operating centres by the AlpSAR System. between the international partners via a web-based portal; - Location based information gathering; - Providing visual information and status to the other participants of the search mission, providing pictures and sensor data from the rescue site and the victims to the web-based portal to make them accessible to a doctor or hospital; - Supporting training activities and review of missions by archived traces and pictures; - Provide the search team leader with a broadband connection via an affordable flat rate based satellite connection to the headquarter to allow him to access to all relevant information. The AlpSAR System. The ALPSAR project was intended to face a scenario (Fig. 1) in which the rescuers are involved in a SAR mission with a satellite connection, in a border area such as that between Italy and Slovenia. All the solutions in developing during the project are subdivided in three functional parts consisting of different components: hardware and software tools that have to work together. The on site part is composed by a satellite antenna and standard mobile phones with GPS support and a dedicated application (APP) that show maps and warning messages. Every member of the rescue team has one of them. The Headquarter part is a secured web-based portal that allows to access to all relevant information including pictures and sensor information georeferenced from the rescuers to the research team leader and the headquarter. The AlpSAR portal is located in the operating rooms of the FVG-PCR and the Republic of Slovenia and a tactical version is installed on the laptop of Italian Slovenian rescuers team leader. It permits the real-time location of rescue teams in research action in the border area. The server part is composed by three synchronized server located on the headquarters of the project partners. By the AlpSAR tools the teams on mission can monitor their mutual position and the operating room has the actual performance of the search operations (Fig. 2). The connection is guaranteed by the use of a portable satellite antenna that provides the necessary network coverage in the area of operation. This is the core of the project: to guarantee the communication is the fundamental point for the emergency management, in terms of fastness and efficacy of the intervention. The SAR missions often take place in a hostile area and sometimes the rescuers put their life in danger. The AlpSAR system could be a support to improve also the safety of the rescuers in addition to that of the victims. The experience in Emilia. In May 2012, two major earthquakes occurred in northern Italy, causing 26 deaths and widespread damage. The first earthquake, registering magnitude 6.1, struck in the Emilia-Romagna region, about 36 kilometres north of the city of Bologna, on 20 May 2012 at 04:03 local time (02:03 UTC). The epicentre was between Finale Emilia and San Felice sul 45

4 Fig. 2 - The AlpSAR webportal permits to share in real time geo-referenced data from teams on the fields with headquarters. Panaro. Two aftershocks of magnitude 5.2 occurred, one approximately an hour after the main event and another approximately eleven hours after the main event. Seven people were killed. A magnitude 5.8 earthquake struck the same area nine days later, on 29 May, causing an additional eighteen deaths and widespread damage, particularly to buildings already weakened by the 20 May earthquake. The epicentre was in Medolla at a depth of about 10 kilometres. On the morning of 20 May, in a few minutes the National Civil Protecion Service alerted all the Civil protection agencies and collected the first information. The PCR sent fast intervention teams and unit dogs of the alpine rescue national corps for the first aid and search. In second time the PCR sent technicians for the damage assessment and organized the mobile column to set up tent camps. In a few day the PCR prepare two camps in the municipality of Mirandola with a total capacity of 1000 people. At the same time the activities of damage assessment was developed with use of modern technology as laser scan from helicopter and from the ground. In Emilia earthquakes PCR tested the AlpSAR APP on devices for the first time. The problem of keeping communications after a shake, proved to be a problem not yet solved. In fact after the second bigger shake, on 29 May at 9.00, the GSM communication collapsed and every net services were down for a half an hour. In this lapse of time the flow of information had many delays and consequently the management emergency activities. So the satellite connections in case of an earthquake are more stable to ensure efficiency in telecommunications and then guarantee a fast support to the teams on the fields. This second shake was during the day and many people and rescuers were worked on the red area, so unfortunately many people have died. By developing system as AlpSAR and the use of the APP, all the entities involved in the emergency area, the headquarters and all emergency agencies could have on real time the display of teams position on the ground and manage them in a better way. They could also share in real time multimedia data as pictures. After the Emilia earthquake experiences, PCR would like to develope the system also to support the rescuers and units dogs searching on the ruins. The simply installation and the devices used guarantee a faster intervention on the field and a better management of the missions. The structure of AlpSAR system its vey useful and adaptable, so it could be use also for the damage assessment management. After the earthquake, during the first round on the field, the evaluation teams could send in real time the digital data about the damage assessment, with the position of the buildings checked, the position of teams and uploading continuously in real time the data. This will be a faster response for the decision makers for planning the first intervention. Conclusion. The success of a civil protection intervention is guarantee by two fundamental things: fastness and quality. The first depends on communication/coordination activities, and the 46

5 Fig. 3 - Location: Finale Emilia. Civil protection operator was sending by AlpSAR APP on device to CP headquarters its position and pictures from the damaged area. second on the experience and train of the rescuers. Many emergencies have exposed shortfalls in the availability of telecommunications capacity, so terrestrial communication could be unavailable during the rescue mission. In a SAR missions as after an earthquake or in an Alpine rescue mission, the establishment of telecommunications links with coverage and capacity of signal guaranteed, is the crucial point at least for two reasons. The first is related to the management of the mission, the satellite communication improves effectiveness in terms of command, control chain but also in terms of the quality of the information and data delivered. The second one regards the safety of the rescuers and of the victims that guarantee the success of a mission. With AlpSAR tools the leaders can have the display in real time of teams position in the ground and the possibility to sharing alarm communications. The AlpSAR project is working in this way and the results up to now are comfortable. During the last months we made many training activities of the system and we use it also in real SAR alpine rescue mission. The AlpSAR tools are vey simple and adaptable and after a short train the teams are able to use it. The use of AlpSAR webportal, with secured access, is simple too, and permit to share between the different actors, at local and cross national level, a common and coordinated vision of the intervention. Acknowledgements. The present research was developed in the framework of the activities of ALPSAR Project on the Civil Protection Financial Instrument co-founded by EU. For any info: SUPPORTO ALLE DECISIONI NELLE OPERAZIONI DI MESSA IN SICUREZZA IN EMERGENZA POST-SISMA. L ESPERIENZA DEL TERREMOTO DELL EMILIA 2012 S. Grimaz e P. Malisan Dipartimento Chimica Fisica e Ambiente, Università di Udine Introduzione. La gestione dell emergenza post-sismica è una problematica complessa, soprattutto dal punto di vista della risposta organizzativa. A fianco delle operazioni di soccorso alla popolazione c è anche l urgenza di effettuare una rapida valutazione dell impatto dell evento sismico per ottenere il quadro delle criticità indotte sul territorio al fine di poter definire le necessarie e più idonee azioni di messa in sicurezza delle persone, degli edifici e dei siti. Nel nostro Paese questo compito è affidato al Sistema di protezione civile e coinvolge i Vigili del fuoco fin dai 47