HANDLING DANGEROUS GOODS IN PORTS PARTICIPANTS MANUAL

Transcription

1 HANDLING DANGEROUS GOODS IN PORTS General Awareness Course PARTICIPANTS MANUAL July 2011

2 FOREWORD In recent years transportation of dangerous goods has undergone significant growth. With the increase of dangerous goods transported in the world, it became ever more important that all involved in the supply chain understand the basic concepts of transporting, storing and handling dangerous goods appropriately in order to reduce the risks related to these activities. The International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) was developed as a uniform international code for the transport of dangerous goods by sea. Since January 2010, with the adoption of Amendment 34-08, the IMDG Code extends its training requirements to include as well shore-based personnel involved in the handling and storage of dangerous goods for sea transport. The ASEAN German Technical Cooperation project: Sustainable Port Development in the ASEAN Region, implemented by the German International Cooperation (GIZ) and financed by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) using recommendations from the two project progress meetings and the findings of the initial review conducted in each port recognized the needs of the ports in the ASEAN region for training in this field. As part of its training program on Safety, Health and Environment, the project has developed this General Awareness training on the Handling of Dangerous Goods in Ports. This training is in line with the IMDG code requirements for a General Awareness course.

3 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADR CSDS DG DGL EDI EDP ERP EmS IBC INF IMDG IMO MARPOL MSC N.O.S PRI RID SOLAS UN UNCOE European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Chemical Safety Data Sheet Dangerous Goods Dangerous Goods List Electronic Data Interchange Electronic Data Processing Emergency Response Plan Emergency Schedule Intermediate Bulk Containers Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces International Maritime Dangerous Goods International Maritime Organization International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Maritime Safety Committee Not otherwise specified Pesticide Risk Indicators Regulations Concerning International Transport of Dangerous Goods by Rail International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea United Nations United Nations Committee of Experts

4 CONTENTS Foreword List of Abbreviations Contents MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME DANGEROUS GOODS (IMDG CODE) History of IMDG Functions of IMO What is the IMDG Code? Who Uses the Code? Information Contained in the IMDG Code Principles Physics and Chemistry 4 MODULE 2: DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFICATION Why Do We Need to Classify Dangerous Goods Dangerous Goods Classification and its Related Risks 8 MODULE 3: MARKINGS, LABELS, PLACARDS Introduction Marking, Labeling and Placarding Shapes and Colors of Labels and Placards Dangerous Goods Packing and Packages 22 MODULE 4: DANGEROUS GOODS DOCUMENTATION Introduction Documents Required for Dispatching Dangerous Goods 24

5 MODULE 5: SEGREGATION AND SEPARATION Introduction Principles of Segregation and Stowage IMDG Code Segregation, Stowage and Dangerous Goods List Stowage Categories Segregation 31 MODULE 6: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS Introduction to Emergency Response Plans Definition of Emergency Response Management The Principles of ERP What are the Elements in an ERP? IMDG Supplement: Emergency Schedule (EmS) Guide 39 ANNEX 1: GROUP ACTIVITIES

6 MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME DANGEROUS GOODS (IMDG) CODE Objectives 1. Recognize the international framework under which the transport, storage and handling Dangerous Goods is operating and the specific regulations applying to the transport by sea. 2. Explain the basic chemistry and physical parameters of elements, compounds and solution mixtures. 1 P age

7 1.1 History of the IMDG Code 1894 The first reference to dangerous goods appeared in the 1894 British Merchant Shipping Act under headings Dangerous Goods and Dangerous Goods and the Carriage of Cattle. The act states general rules and restrictions on how to deal with and handle dangerous goods onboard vessels. However, its main focus was on goods that could cause explosions The first version of the SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) Convention was adopted in 1914, following the infamous capsizing of the cruise-liner Titanic, which resulted in more than 1,500 deaths. The convention includes chapters on navigation, construction, lifesaving appliances, radiotelegraphy, etc. Since then, there have been four more versions. The present version was adopted in 1974 and entered into force in This convention is considered one of the most important international conventions related to maritime safety The Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods established by the United Nations (UN) Economic and Social Council completed a report which established the minimum requirements applicable for the transport of dangerous goods by all modes. The report offered a general framework within which existing regulations could be adopted. United Nation Committee of Experts (UNCOE) has continued to publish the UN Model Regulations Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (Orange Book), which is updated every two years. 1.2 Functions of IMO The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. IMO s main responsibility is to develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping which include safety, environmental concerns, legal matters, technical cooperation, maritime security and the efficiency of ships. The main objective of the IMO is to facilitate cooperation among governments on technicalrelated matters affecting shipping, particularly in the promotion of the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), efficiency of navigation, prevention and control of marine pollution from ships. 1.3 What is the IMDG Code? The International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code is a detailed publication produced and updated every two years by the IMO Subcommittee on dangerous goods, solid cargoes and containers. The IMDG Code is supported by a variety of international conventions, codes and recommendations such as: A Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes The International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk 2 P age

8 The International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk Recommendation on the Safe Transport of Dangerous Cargoes and Related Activities in Port Areas International Recommendations concerning the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (RID), Road (ADR) and by inland waterways (AND and ADNR) Various specialized organizations, commissions and committees are responsible for the Code while the basic principles published in the IMDG code come from the Recommendation on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulation, more commonly known as the Orange Book (United Nations Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods). The Orange Book harmonizes a system of classification and labeling recommendations for the transport of dangerous goods. The Code became mandatory in international law from 1 January 2004 and is a set of norms, prescriptions regulations and information on dangerous cargo. The codes requirements need to be transposed by national governments in national law. The first issue was published in 1965, and it amplifies the requirements of the IMDG code as well as the Orange Book and has become the standard guide to all aspects of handling dangerous goods and marine pollutants. Since 1965, the Code has undergone many changes over the years both in format and content in order to keep up with the rapid expansion of the shipping industry. The 2000 edition, which incorporates Amendment 30-00, is the first set of the IMDG Code to be printed in a new format: Amendment 30 includes revisions to various sections of the code and to transport requirements for specific substances Amendment is the latest version of the IMDG Code, and will be made compulsory as of January 2012 The IMDG Code is amended every two years as to be aligned with the Orange Book amendments. 1.4 Who uses the code? Although the information in the Code is directed primarily at maritime activities, its provisions may affect a wide range of industries and services: Manufacturers Packers Shippers Feeder service providers such as road, rail and water transport 3 P age

9 Reliable advice on terminology, packing, labeling, classification, stowage, segregation and emergency response can be found in the IMDG Code. 1.5 Information contained in the IMDG Code Within the three volumes of the IMDG Code it is possible to find the following general information: List of the classification of dangerous goods Physical chemical characteristics of these products Dangers they present Labeling and placarding system, which is easy to understand and allows identifying the possible dangers of the products Characteristics required for the packaging and classification into categories I, II and III Recommendations for stowage on board Segregation tables Product or substance United Nations Identification Number (UN Number) Documentation which must accompany the goods Rules to prevent marine pollution Volume 1 General provisions Classification Provisions regarding packing/containers and tanktainers (tanks built on a standard, generally 20 foot container frame for transportation of liquids) Procedures regarding the consignment of dangerous goods, labeling, placarding and documents required for transport Tests for the construction and testing of packaging/bottles/containers, intermediate bulk containers (IBC) and for tanks and road tank vehicles Provisions regarding transport, stowage and segregation operations Special provisions in case of accidents, fire precautions and transport of wastes Others Volume 2 Complete List of Dangerous Goods, including the UN number of the goods, proper shipping name, class/division, subsidiary risks, packing groups, etc Provisions on limited and excluded quantities List of definitions Others 4 P age

10 Volume 3 (Supplement) Emergency response, procedures for fires and spillage Medical first aid guide Notification procedure in the case of accidents with dangerous goods Stowage in transport units Use of pesticides without risk INF Code (International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships) Appendix 1.6 Principles Physics and Chemistry All objects around you pencils, books, rocks, plants and water constitute the matter of the universe. Each particular kind of matter is referred to as material. We define chemistry as the science of the composition and structure of materials and of the changes that material undergoes. Physics studies the basic law that governs our universe and the interrelationship between energy and matter. The IMDG Code classifies chemicals into three groups Solid, Liquid and Gas Water (H 2 O) in normal state is liquid, but can exist as ice (solid) and steam (gas). Dangerous goods will change its state significantly if there are changes to the following elements: Temperature Pressure The rates of reaction for chemicals are defined as the changes under varying condition in a given time. The rate of chemical reaction depends on the following: 5 P age

11 Concentration of the chemical substance at a particular moment Temperature/pressure exposure Exposure time Quantity (kilograms or liters) The consequences of a chemical reaction due to the mishandling of dangerous goods may result in the following: Fire Explosion Spillage Injury Fatality Contamination Marine life degradation Radioactive 6 P age

12 MODULE 2: DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFCATION Objectives 1. List the major types of dangerous goods encountered in ports and the risks associated with them and recognize their specificities compared to other goods handled in ports 2. Explain how dangerous goods are divided into nine classes and describe the hazards presented by each class 7 P age

13 2.1 Why do we need to classify Dangerous Goods? It is necessary to classify dangerous goods into different classes on the basis of the specific chemical characteristics producing the risk. The classification schedule is essential for the relevant authorities to plan their emergency response. The shipping lines will apply the classification of the dangerous goods from the IMDG Code to charge and invoice the customers/consignees accordingly. 2.2 Dangerous Goods classification and its related risks Types of Dangerous Goods Dangerous goods based on their origin and characteristics can be classified as follows: Oil by-products fire and explosion being their main risk (benzenes, liquefied petroleum gas and other fuels) Chemical products (Industrial, pharmaceutical and agricultural) manufactured and loaded either as final product for consumption or as by-products for industrial use. The latter are most of the dangerous goods transported, and if not properly handled, could cause great damage to people, transport units and the environment Minerals such as coal, sulfur, mineral concentrates and other metals or asbestos which can cause different illnesses, injuries, intoxication or fires Products of animal or vegetable origin as fishmeal, pressed cakes of oleaginous seeds and cotton, which can also cause spontaneous combustion, fire or explosions Radioactive materials used in a variety of industrial and medical processes, as well as for military applications, which, in high doses could cause immediate harm, or even in small doses could cause cancer and other illnesses if exposed to people for prolonged periods of time Many of the substances from Class 1 to Class 9 are deemed marine pollutants. A marine pollutant is defined as any substance that will degrade the aquatic organisms that live in the water Prior to stowage, segregation, marking, labeling and storing dangerous goods safely, those handling dangerous goods must know exactly what hazards these dangerous goods pose to the user. The term hazard in this text means a source or a situation with a potential harm with regard to People, Environment, Asset and Reputation (PEAR Concept). All chemicals are subject to the code and are assigned to one of the classes 1 9 according to the hazard or the most predominant hazards they present. 8 P age

14 Classification of Dangerous Goods The classification is made by the consignor/shipper or by the appropriate competent authority. The IMDG Code classifies dangerous goods as follows (simplified form): Class 1: Explosives Class 2: Gases Class 3: Flammable Liquids Class 4: Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Class 5: Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides Class 6: Toxic and infectious substances Class 7: Radioactive material Class 8: Corrosive substances Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles The numerical order of the classes and divisions does not indicate the degree of danger. 9 P age

15 Class 1 1 Explosive substances and articles used to produce explosions or pyrotechnic effects Sub-Classes 1.1 Explosives with a mass explosion hazard 1.2 Explosives with a severe projection hazard 1.3 Explosives with a fire, blast or projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard 1.4 Explosives with a minor fire or projection hazard 1.5 An insensitive substance with a mass explosion hazard 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles 10 P age

16 Class Flammable gas 2.2 Non-Flammable, compressed gas 2.3 Toxic or poisonous gas Class 3 3 Flammable liquids Class Flammable solids 4.2 Spontaneously combustible solids 4.3 Combustible solids when in contact with water 11 P age

17 Class Oxidizer 5.2 Organic peroxide (5.2 new ADR 2007) Class Toxic substances 6.2 Infectious substances 12 P age

18 Class 6 I Category I White (symbol 7A) II Category II Yellow (symbol 7B) III Category III Yellow (symbol 7C) Fissile Criticality safety index label (symbol 7E) Class 8 - Corrosive materials Class 9 - Miscellaneous dangerous compounds 13 P age

19 MODULE 3: MARKING, LABELS, PLACARDS Objectives 1. Identify the importance of dangerous goods being properly marked, labeled and placarded 2. Recognize the general and specific marking, labeling and placarding requirements 3. Explain the requirements for identifying dangerous goods packages and containment units by proper shipping name, UN number, class mark, class label and class placard 14 P age

20 3.1 Introduction Markings, labels and/or placards on products are all channels of communication to the user. These communication channels will tell the user the characteristics of a consignment or product. The IMDG Code provides clear procedures related to authorization of consignments as well as advance notification, markings, labels and documentation (by manual, electronic data processing or electronic data interchange techniques and placarding). The code specifies clearly that no person may offer to transport dangerous goods unless the goods are properly marked, labeled, placarded, described and certified on a document. Those who are transporting dangerous goods must indicate the UN Number and proper shipping name clearly on the consignment. In the case of marine pollutants, the word marine pollutant must be on the document accompanying the consignment. This requirement is particularly important in the case of an accident involving these goods, in order to determine what emergency procedures are necessary to deal properly with the situation. In the case of marine pollutants, the captain of the vessel needs to comply with the requirements of MARPOL 73/ P age

21 3.2 Marking, labeling and placarding The IMDG Code recommends a system based on labels and placards designed especially so that all who work close to this type of cargo will be able to recognize, preferably at first sight, the nature of the risks entailed by these substances, whatever their packaging might be. Labels The IMDG Code states that all packaging, packages and drums carrying dangerous goods must be labeled. The labels are in the shape of a rhombus in white, orange, blue, green or red, or a combination of these colors. Symbols illustrating the danger of the class are also required. In general, each label is divided into two parts, the bottom half and the top half. The top half is for the symbol of the class of the good(s), and the lower half is for the text, class or division number. The minimum dimensions of labels are 10 cm x 10 cm. Labels must be firmly adhered to and placed on the package so that it can easily be seen. The quality of the labels must be such so they do not deteriorate outdoors and remain unaltered during the complete transport period and at least three months in the sea. Due to the fact that dangerous goods can pose more than one risk, it is also necessary to use secondary risk labels. These labels are the same as the ones showing the primary risk, regarding their color, shape and symbols. Even though the IMDG Code says nothing to this effect, in some countries the class number is only indicated in the primary risk label, and that the secondary risk label does not include the class number. This is an effective way to distinguish between both. Placards The IMDG Code determines that all cargo transport units containing dangerous goods must be placarded. In this context, cargo transport units are containers, containers for liquids, tank vehicles, vehicles transporting goods by land, railway wagons with water tanks, good tanks destined for intermodal transport. Placards have the same shape, colors and symbols as the labels, but their dimension is 25 x 25 cm. Containers carrying more than 4000 kilograms of dangerous goods, and all tanks for liquids and gases must have the United Nations number. The UN number has four digits and is the number assigned by the United Nations to all goods identified and classified as dangerous. Containers carrying dangerous goods must display at least one placard on each side and one on each end of the unit (this is to say, on its four sides) Rail wagons must be placarded on at least both sides Freight containers, semi-trailers and portable tanks must be placarded on all four sides Road vehicles must display appropriate placards on both sides as well as the rear 16 P age

22 3.3 Shapes and Colors of Labels and Placards Class 1 Explosives * * * * 1 Division 1.1 / 1.2 / 1.3 Symbol explosion in black color Background orange color Text Explosive (optional) * * Location of division and/or Compatibility Group * Location of Compatibility Group or text Number 1 in the bottom corner Division 1.4 / 1.5 / 1.6 Background orange color Subclass numbers in black color (approximately 30 mm x 5 mm in labels of 100 mm x 100 mm) * Location of Compatibility Group Number 1 in the bottom corner Class 2 Gases Division 2.1 Flammable Gases Symbol Flame in black or white Background in red color Text Flammable Gas (optional) Number 2 in the bottom corner Division 2.2 Non-flammable gases Symbol Gas cylinder in black or white color Background in green color Text Non flammable compressed gas (optional) Number 2 in the bottom corner 17 P age

23 2 Division 2.3 Toxic Gases Symbol skull and crossbones in black color Background in white color Text Toxic (optional) Number 2 in the bottom corner Class 3 Flammable Liquids Symbol flame in black and white color Background red color Text Flammable Liquid (optional) Number 3 in the bottom corner 3 3 Class 4 Flammable Solids; Substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances which, in contact with water emit flammable gases 4 Division 4.1 Flammable Solids Symbol flame in black color Background white with seven red vertical stripes Text Flammable Solid Number 4 In the bottom corner 4 Division 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion Symbol flame in black color or white color Background blue color Text Spontaneous combustion substances (optional) Number 4 in the bottom corner 18 P age

24 4 4 Division 4.3 Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Symbol flame in black or white color Background blue color Text Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases (optional) Number 4 in the bottom corner Class 5 Oxidizing Substances or Organic Peroxides Division 5.1 Oxidant Substances Symbol flame with circle in black color Background yellow color Text Oxidizing Substance (optional) Number 5.1 in the bottom corner 5.1 Division 5.2 Organic Peroxides Symbol flame in white color Top Half red Bottom Half yellow Text Organic Peroxide (optional) Number 5.2 in the bottom corner Class 6 Toxic Substances or Infectious Substances Division 6.1 Toxic Substances Symbol black skull and crossbones Background white color Text Toxic (optional) Number 6 in the bottom corner 6 19 P age

25 6 Division 6.2 Infectious Substances Symbol three crescents superimposed on a circle and inscriptions in black Background white color Text Infectious substance, notify Public Health Authority (optional) Number 6 In the bottom corner Class 7 Radioactive Materials Category I White Symbol trefoil in black color Background white color Text (mandatory) in black in the lower half of the label Radioactive I, Contents, Activity and Transport Index box Number 7 in the bottom corner Category II Yellow Symbol trefoil in black color Background the upper half in yellow color with white borders, the lower half in white Text in black in the lower half of the label Radioactive II, Contents, Activity and Transport Index box Number 7 in the bottom corner Category III Yellow Symbol trefoil in black color Background the upper half in yellow color with white borders, the lower half in white Text in black in the lower half of the label Radioactive III, Contents, Activity and Transport Index box Number 7 in the bottom corner Class 8 Corrosive Substances 8 Symbol Liquids falling from two test tubes onto a hand and a black piece of metal Background Upper half in white color and lower half in black with white borders Text Corrosive (optional) Number 8 In the bottom corner 20 P age

26 Class 9 Miscellaneous Dangerous Substances and Articles Potentially Damaging to the Environment Symbol seven vertical bars in black in the upper half Background in white color Number 9 In the bottom corner 9 Other labels Indicating elevated temperature (liquid state at a temperature equal to or exceeding 100 o C, in a solid state at a temperature equal to or exceeding 240 o C) Orange-colored plates, with hazard-identification number and UN Number Orientation arrows, black or red color Placards for Marine Pollutants Packages and cargo transport units containing dangerous substances which are classified by the IMDG Code as marine pollutants, must have the markings shown here, which must be durable. They must be placed close to the risk labels or risk placards of the goods. The dimensions of the marine pollutant markings must be a minimum of 10 cm per side for packages and 25 cm per side for cargo transport units. 21 P age

27 3.4 Dangerous Goods Packing and Packages Packing Groups, Classifying Criteria The risks presented by dangerous goods in maritime transport are related to their packaging, therefore it must be safe, well designed and manufactured and in good condition. It is very unlikely you will suffer injuries due to this cargo, but if the cargo is damaged, it is possible for dangerous substances or vapors to be released. The packages/containers must comply with the following requirements: Must not be affected by the cargo it contains Must be strong enough to endure the rough treatment and risks involved in maritime transport Must be able to endure rain, wind and sea water Must be practical and adequate for the cargo they carry Must be in good condition Must be correctly marked, label and signposted For packing purposes, dangerous goods belonging to all classes, except for class 1, 2, 6.2 and 7 have been divided into three packing groups depending on the degree of danger they represent: Packing Group I High level of danger Packing Group II Medium level of danger Packing Group III Low level of danger UN Packaging and Approval Marking Most packages also need to bear the UN packaging approval mark confirming that the packaging has been tested and approved in accordance with relevant United Nations performance standards. Example below: 22 P age

28 MODULE 4: DANGEROUS GOODS DOCUMENTATION Objectives 1. Name the shipping documents relating to dangerous goods and describe what information each document contains 2. Explain the use of the Multimodal Transport Dangerous Goods document and describe the information it contains 23 P age

29 4.1 Introduction There are many documents in the shipping industry and they are primarily used to convey the information between/among these parties: Consignors (shippers) Consignees Shipping lines Government agencies Banking services Insurance companies These are legal documents and can be produced in courts to resolve potential disputes. In the IMDG Code Volume 1 under the chapter on Documentation (Part 5 - Chapter 5.4) the process of dangerous goods transportation is clearly described. The code also includes the use of Electronic Data Processing (EDP) and Electronic Data Interchange transmission techniques. The documentation for dangerous goods is to convey the fundamental information relative to hazards of the goods. The shipper shall provide all information and documentation as specified in the code. 4.2 Documents required for dispatching Dangerous Goods One of the main requirements of a dangerous goods transportation document is to contain the basic information regarding the risks entailed by these dangerous goods. This dispatch document is normally the same for all transportation modes, and the information stipulated must be clear and legible. Nevertheless IMO recommends the use of the Multimodal Form, which will be mentioned later. Dangerous Goods Transportation Document Information which must be included in the Dangerous Goods Transportation Document: The shipping name or correct technical name (no commercial names will be accepted) The Class and Division when applicable. The Class or Division can be included in the risk class number. The compatibility group will also be indicated in goods from class 1; and in the case of gases involving secondary risks, information will be extended to indicate such risks The United Nations number preceded by the letters UN The packing group when assigned The number and types of bundles, as well as the total quantity of dangerous goods per volume or mass 24 P age

30 The flashpoint for materials having a flashpoint the same or lower than 61 o C The subsidiary risks not indicated in the shipping name When applicable, the goods shall be identified as Marine Pollutant Empty means of containment, which contain the residue of dangerous goods shall be described as such, for example, by placing the words Empty, Uncleaned or Residue Last Contained before or after the proper shipping name For dangerous goods in limited quantities, the phrase Dangerous Goods in Limited Quantity shall be included For class 5.2 or self reactive substances of class 4.1, the regulation and emergency temperatures A statement signed in the name of the consignor, saying that the goods are correctly described, classified, packed, marked and labeled and that its conditions are appropriate for transport Additional information may also be required in certain cases for explosives, radioactive materials, dangerous goods transported in a molten state, etc. Dangerous cargo secured incorrect inside containers, which then becomes loose and damaged during transport, has been the cause of the majority of accidents concerning dangerous goods. This is why it is very important to check that this has been carried out correctly. Dangerous Goods Declaration Ordinance The way in which information must be reported when dangerous goods are transported varies from one country to another. A basic requirement is the obligation to present a Declaration for Dangerous Goods. If dangerous substances and other non dangerous substances are listed in the same document, the dangerous substances should be listed first or their dangerous nature should be emphasized. Regardless of the format of this declaration, always the same information must be provided. The following order of information must be respected, without inserting any other data in between: The shipping name, the Class, the UN number, and when applicable, the packing group. The following are examples of dangerous goods descriptions: ALLYL ALCOHOL 6.1, UN 1098 I FORMIC ACID, 8, UN 1779, II ACROLEIN STABILIZED, 6.1, UN 1902, G e/e I (3), MARINE POLLUTANT Container/Vehicle Packing Certificate When dangerous goods are packed or loaded into any container or vehicle, those responsible for packing or loading shall provide a container/vehicle packing certificate. Basically this document certifies the following: The cargo transport unit was clean, dry and apparently fit to receive the goods 25 P age

31 Incompatible substances have not been placed into the cargo transport unit (unless this had been specifically authorized by the competent national authority) All packages have been externally inspected for damage, and only sound packages have been loaded All packages have been properly loaded and secured within the cargo transport unit The cargo transport unit and the packages are properly marked, labeled and placarded A dangerous goods transport document has been received for each dangerous goods consignment loaded in the container/vehicle The certificate must be signed by the person responsible of stowing the goods in the cargo transport unit. It is possible to incorporate this certificate and the Dangerous Goods Declaration into a single document, the Dangerous Goods Multimodal Transport. Multimodal Model of the Transport Document There is no mandatory model for the dangerous goods declaration. The IMDG Code recommends the use of the following document for the multimodal transport of dangerous goods, where the dangerous goods declaration is combined with the vehicle/container packing certificate (Regulation 4, Chapter VII, Solas 74) or Declaration of Dangerous Goods. Please find an example of a completed Multimodal Dangerous Goods Form in the next page. 26 P age

32 27 P age

33 MODULE 5: SEGREGATION AND SEPARATION Objectives 1. Describe the stowage, segregation requirements for dangerous goods in ports and onboard vessels 2. Understand how to use the Dangerous Goods List 28 P age

34 5.1 Introduction One of the most important aspects of managing the transport of dangerous goods is the stowage, segregation and separation of these goods. Hazardous substances must not be carried with goods which are liable to interact and cause danger to P.E.A.R. Incompatible hazardous substances must be adequately separated from each other during transport and storage. Improper stowage or segregation of dangerous goods may result in the release of toxic fumes, fire, spill and degradation of the product s quality. For this reason the IMDG Code has provided provisions in Volume 1 Part 7 titled Provisions Concerning Transport Operations, which focuses on stowage and segregation. 5.2 Principles of segregation and stowage The following issues may contribute towards major chemical accidents during stowage and segregation: Failure to understand the nature of the substance handled Failure of quality assurance container inspection certificates Insufficient recording of chemical register inventories at different terminal locations Insufficient labeling and recording of chemicals Poor housekeeping firefighting equipment not available in work area The IMDG Code requires dangerous goods to be stored and segregated according to the hazard, class and compatibility. The code also provides detailed information on these important factors in terms of where dangerous goods should be stowed and how they should be separated or segregated from other cargoes. Although the IMDG Code provides detailed information on ship stowage, the requirements can also be applied to storage ashore and even to container packing. The requirement offers a framework for port authorities when preparing their regulations for the safe transport of handling and storage of dangerous goods in ports. Dangerous goods which have to be segregated from each other shall not be transported in the same cargo transport unit. 5.3 IMDG Code segregation, stowage and Dangerous Goods list General segregation is applied to all cargo spaces on deck or under deck of all types of ships and cargo in transport units and incompatible goods shall be segregated from one another. For the purpose of segregation, the IMDG Code has grouped together similar chemical properties in the dangerous goods list. In the dangerous goods list, the group substances are referred as follows: 1. Acids 2. Ammonium Compound 3. Bromates 4. Chlorates 5. Chlorites 29 P age

35 6. Cyanides 7. Heavy metals and their salts 8. Hypochlorite 9. Lead and its compounds 10. Liquid halogenated hydrocarbons 11. Mercury and mercury compounds 12. Nitrites and their mixtures 13. Perchlorates 14. Permanganates 15. Powdered metals 16. Peroxides 17. Azides 18. Alkalis If substances are shipped under Not Otherwise Specified (N.O.S.) entries, the shipper will decide the appropriate segregation group. In the IMDG code Volume 2 under column 16 of the numerical list of dangerous goods, the stowage conditions for each one of the dangerous goods listed can be found. Also, in this column, there is information on stowage related to sleeping, food, solutions and mixtures areas, etc. For example, the product ALLYL BROMIDE UN N o 1099, column 16 indicates Category B, far from living quarters. In the following paragraph the five stowage categories stipulated by the IMDG Code are described. 5.4 Stowage Categories Category A B C D E Cargo ship carrying no more than 25 passengers On deck or below deck On deck or below deck On deck only On deck only Passenger ships carrying more than 25 passengers On deck or below deck On deck only On deck only Prohibited On deck or below deck Prohibited Regarding Class 1 (Explosives) the code establishes the following 15 categories for stowage onboard: Category Cargo Ships Passenger Ships 01 On deck or below deck On deck or below deck 02 On deck in closed transport units or On deck or below deck under deck in closed transport units 03 On deck only in closed cargo On deck or below deck transport units 04 On deck or below deck PROHIBITED 30 P age

36 05 On deck in closed cargo transport units or under deck 06 On deck in closed cargo transport units or under deck 07 On deck in closed transport units or under deck 08 On deck in closed cargo transport units or under deck 09 On deck in closed cargo transport units or under deck in closed cargo transport units 10 On deck in closed cargo transport units or under deck in closed cargo transport units 11 On deck in closed cargo transport units or under deck in magazine stowage type C 12 On deck in closed cargo transport units or under deck in magazine stowage type C 13 On deck in closed cargo transport units or under deck in magazine stowage type A 14 On deck only in closed cargo transport units 15 On deck in closed cargo transport units or under deck in closed cargo transport units On deck in close cargo transport units or under deck On deck in closed cargo transport units or under deck in closed cargo transport units On deck only in closed transport units PROHIBITED On deck in close cargo transport units or under deck in closed cargo transport units On deck only in closed cargo transport units On deck only in closed cargo transport units PROHIBITED On deck only in closed cargo transport units PROHIBITED PROHIBITED In brief, the IMDG Code establishes a system whereby dangerous goods can be stowed in a safe way, considering their compatibility with other types of cargo and therefore preventing further damage in case of accidents. Mastering the techniques on how to stow dangerous goods correctly on board ships is fundamentally the responsibility of the Ship Planner. Port Terminals are not concerned with planning of the stowage of dangerous goods on board; they are only responsible of stowing the cargo in the positions indicated in the ships plan, which is provided by the Shipping Line through the respective agencies. 5.5 Segregation The IMDG Code defines four segregation terms: 1. Away from (the minimum separation between two incompatible goods) 2. Separated from 3. Separated by a complete compartment or hold from 4. Separated longitudinally by an intervening complete compartment or hold from (this is the maximum separation between two incompatible goods) 31 P age

37 The general provisions regarding segregation between different classes of dangerous goods can be found in the code in the following Segregation Table: CLASS Explosives 1.1, 1.2, 1.5 * * * X Explosives 1.3, 1.6 * * * X Explosives 1.4 * * * X X Flammable gases X X X X 2 2 X X Non-toxic, non-flammable gases X X X 1 X 1 X X 1 X 2 1 X X Toxic gases X X X 2 X 2 X X 2 X 2 1 X X Flammable liquids X X X 3 2 X X Flammable solids (including self-reactive substances and solid desensitized explosives) X X X X 1 X 1 2 X X Substances liable to spontaneous combustion X X Substances which. in contact with water, emit flammable gases X X X 1 X 1 X 2 2 X X Oxidizing substances (agents) X X X X Organic peroxides X X Toxic substances X X X X X X 1 X 1 1 X 1 X X X Infectious substances X 3 3 X Radioactive material X 3 X 2 X Corrosive substances X X X X 3 2 X X Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles 9 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X (This table is applied to unitized dangerous goods; this is to say, in pallets, drums, boxes and crates and other similar packaging. It is not applied to containers carrying dangerous goods) 32 P age

38 Numbers and symbols relate to the following terms as defined in this chapter: 1 Away from 3 meters 2 Separated from 6 meters 3 Separated by a complete compartment or hold from 12 meters 4 Separated longitudinally by an intervening complete compartment or hold from 24 meters X The segregation, if any, is shown in the Dangerous Goods List - Explosives require special segregation in accordance with the compatibility group. Explosives which have the same letter can be stowed together, whatever their class subdivision may be. Since the properties of the substances, materials or articles of a same Class can be very different to each other, in each and every case it will be necessary to consult the Dangerous Goods list previously, to determine the applicable specific segregation provisions. Segregation within the Cargo Transport Units Dangerous goods which need to be segregated from each other must not be stowed in the same cargo transport unit (container). Nevertheless, goods which require to be segregated away from may be transported in the same cargo transport unit upon authorization by the corresponding authority. In this case an equivalent safety degree must be kept. Segregation in Port Areas The IMO Maritime Safety Committee (MSC), by way of Circular 1/1216 of 26 February 2008 determined several revised recommendations regarding the risk free transport of dangerous goods and related activities within the port area. Circular MSC 1216 of 2008 establishes that containers containing dangerous goods must not be stowed above each other. Containers carrying dangerous cargo of the same class are exempt from this rule. This exemption is not to be applied to Class 8 cargo (corrosives), if they are different from each other. This is to say, if the Class 8 corrosive cargo is exactly the same substance, they can be stored above each other. Containers must be stowed in such a way that there is always easy access to the doors and to the sides in order to carry out cooling or control work Separation between the different classes must be taken into consideration when dangerous goods are stored in special areas or deposits. The chart indicated by IMDG Code will help in the stowage on board ships. IMO s Port Recommendations establishes the following segregation chart for port storage. 33 P age

39 Classes Flammable gases S A S 0 S S 0 A 0 Non-toxic, non A 0 A 0 0 A flammable gases Toxic gases S 0 S 0 0 S Flammable liquids 3 S A S 0 0 S A S S Flammable solids, selfreactive substances and desensitized explosives Spontaneously combustible substances Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases 4.1 A A 0 A S 0 A S A S S A 0 A S S A A A 0 A 0 S S 0 A 0 Oxidizing substances 5.1 S 0 0 S A S S 0 S A S 0 Organic peroxides 5.2 S A S S S S S S 0 A S 0 Toxic substances (liquids and solids) Corrosives (liquids and solids) Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles A 0 A A A A A A S S The chart identifies only three segregation categories for storage in ports. 0 means pairs of dangerous goods which do not need to be segregated from each other (unless indicated by the individual entry in the numerical list of dangerous goods, which must always be checked, requires so) A indicates segregation requirement away from the other class in that pair (3 meters) S requires the segregation category separated from between the classes of that pair (6 meters) Cargoes of classes 1 (except division 1.4 S), 6.2 and 7 should normally be allowed into the port area for direct shipment or delivery only. These classes have not been included in the table. However, if through unforeseen circumstances, these cargoes have to be temporarily kept, it should be in designated areas. Segregation requirements of the individual class as stipulated in the IMDG Code should be considered by the port authority when establishing specific requirements. Cleaning of container and portable tanks which contained dangerous goods must be done in a special area, away from to those where dangerous goods are stored. Such areas shall be adequately designed and equipped to avoid contaminated washing water ending up in the soil, waterways or sewerage system. After deconsolidating (un-stuffing/ stripping) a container with dangerous goods, all placards and goods risk identification shall be removed from the container. 34 P age

40 MODULE 6: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS Objectives 1. Recognize type of hazards, relevant authorities and equipment list related to Emergency Response Plans 2. Outline the procedures to be followed in preventing, planning, preparing for and dealing with accidents and other emergencies involving dangerous goods 35 P age

41 6.1 Introduction to the Emergency Response Plan For years the maritime industry has been the main transport provider for moving dangerous goods from A to B. Many government agencies realize that, if these goods are not managed safely and effectively it may pose hazards to the society and the environment. In November 1997, the IMO assembly adopted resolution A 852 (20) on Guidelines for a structure of an integrated system of contingency planning for shipboard emergencies. In accordance with the International Safety Management Code (SOLAS Chapter IX, 1994) all ships and the companies responsible for their operations, are required to maintain a Safety Management System. Most countries will have additional national and local regulations which require organizations to develop and maintain an emergency response plan covering their operations. To complement these emergency response requirements, the IMDG code Volume: Supplement contains guidance on Emergency Response Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods. The supplement includes directions for dealing with incidents involving dangerous substances, materials or harmful substances (marine pollution) regulated under the IMDG Code. This guide is intended as support and guidance to all concerned parties in handling dangerous goods to develop emergency procedures and integrate it with the ship contingency plan. The P.E.A.R. concept must also be applied to the planning and implementation of the emergency plan. 6.2 Definition of Emergency Response Management Emergency response management: is the managerial function charged with creating the framework within which organizations reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters Source Dr. Wayne Blancard, FEMA Principles of Emergency Management 6.3 The Principles of Emergency Response Planning Managing the P s in Emergency Response Plan predict, problem, pertaining, people, process, plant, prepare, preventive plan, protect, public and profit An emergency prevention and response strategy basically consists of the following six main steps: 1. Prevent accidents by identifying and mitigating potential hazards 2. Prepare resources and procedures to manage an emergency 3. Conduct scheduled training and drills 4. Inspect resources regularly and take corrective actions where necessary 5. In an emergency situation, all concerned parties must follow the plan. 6. Every incident must be reported and reviewed 36 P age

42 Why is an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) needed? To avoid or minimize loss of life and property To ensure any emergency can be effectively dealt with To support a prompt response to any emergency To direct key people to act on specific tasks and provide direction To support coordination and communication Collaboration with external parties (police, fire department, hospitals) To minimize the effects of P.E.A.R. within the operations area To recover from an emergency in the shortest amount of time possible To have ready emergency equipment and resources within the area of operation Three Stages in an Emergency Response Plan 1. PRE EMERGENCY in this stage, relevant parties must be able to identify hazards that will lead to an incident 2. EMERGENCY in this stage an incident is beyond control and requires urgent attention from relevant parties 3. POST EMERGENCY in this stage the emergency is under control and it is necessary that the organization addresses relevant parties on initial steps to be taken to prevent future incidents Who is Responsible to Develop the ERP It is the duty of every employer to ensure adequate information is provided to every stakeholder in the organization with regards to Emergency Planning. Everyone in the organization is responsible to ensure the ERP implementation is carried out as planned. In organizations there are many hazards and it is the employee s responsibility to identify these hazards to identify these hazards and report them. A management has to ensure that their employees are trained to identify hazards, assess them as well as to control them. Hazard Identification A hazard is defined as a source or situation with potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to environment or a combination of these (P.E.A.R). Risk, meanwhile, is defined as a combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event within a specific period or in specific circumstance and severity of injury or damage. Hazard identification is one of the systems used in many industries to prevent accidents. This system shall identify undesired evens that would be a hazard to human health, damage to property and/or degradation to the environment. The types of hazards that may lead to an emergency are: Health hazards any agent that can cause illness to an individual (chemical release or biological, such as virus or bacteria 37 P age