Financial ratios can be classified according to the information they provide. The following types of ratios frequently are used:
|
|
- Cynthia Bradford
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Financial Ratios Financial ratios are useful indicators of a firm's performance and financial situation. Most ratios can be calculated from information provided by the financial statements. Financial ratios can be used to analyze trends and to compare the firm's financials to those of other firms. In some cases, ratio analysis can predict future bankruptcy. Financial ratios can be classified according to the information they provide. The following types of ratios frequently are used: Liquidity ratios Asset turnover ratios Financial leverage ratios Profitability ratios Dividend policy ratios Liquidity Ratios Liquidity ratios provide information about a firm's ability to meet its short-term financial obligations. They are of particular interest to those extending short-term credit to the firm. Two frequently-used liquidity ratios are the current ratio (or working capital ratio) and the quick ratio. The current ratio is the ratio of current assets to current liabilities: Current Ratio = Current Assets Current Liabilities Short-term creditors prefer a high current ratio since it reduces their risk. Shareholders may prefer a lower current ratio so that more of the firm's assets are working to grow the business. Typical values for the current ratio vary by firm and industry. For example, firms in cyclical industries may maintain a higher current ratio in order to remain solvent during downturns. One drawback of the current ratio is that inventory may include many items that are difficult to liquidate quickly and that have uncertain liquidation values. The quick ratio is
2 an alternative measure of liquidity that does not include inventory in the current assets. The quick ratio is defined as follows: Quick Ratio = Current Assets - Inventory Current Liabilities The current assets used in the quick ratio are cash, accounts receivable, and notes receivable. These assets essentially are current assets less inventory. The quick ratio often is referred to as the acid test. Finally, the cash ratio is the most conservative liquidity ratio. It excludes all current assets except the most liquid: cash and cash equivalents. The cash ratio is defined as follows: Cash Ratio = Cash + Marketable Securities Current Liabilities The cash ratio is an indication of the firm's ability to pay off its current liabilities if for some reason immediate payment were demanded. Asset Turnover Ratios Asset turnover ratios indicate of how efficiently the firm utilizes its assets. They sometimes are referred to as efficiency ratios, asset utilization ratios, or asset management ratios. Two commonly used asset turnover ratios are receivables turnover and inventory turnover. Receivables turnover is an indication of how quickly the firm collects its accounts receivables and is defined as follows: Receivables Turnover = Annual Credit Sales Accounts Receivable The receivables turnover often is reported in terms of the number of days that credit sales remain in accounts receivable before they are collected. This number is known as the collection period. It is the accounts receivable balance divided by the average daily credit sales, calculated as follows: Average Collection Period = Accounts Receivable
3 Annual Credit Sales / 365 The collection period also can be written as: Average Collection Period = 365 Receivables Turnover Another major asset turnover ratio is inventory turnover. It is the cost of goods sold in a time period divided by the average inventory level during that period: Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold Average Inventory The inventory turnover often is reported as the inventory period, which is the number of days worth of inventory on hand, calculated by dividing the inventory by the average daily cost of goods sold: Inventory Period = Average Inventory Annual Cost of Goods Sold / 365 The inventory period also can be written as: Inventory Period = 365 Inventory Turnover Other asset turnover ratios include fixed asset turnover and total asset turnover. Financial Leverage Ratios Financial leverage ratios provide an indication of the long-term solvency of the firm. Unlike liquidity ratios that are concerned with short-term assets and liabilities, financial leverage ratios measure the extent to which the firm is using long term debt. The debt ratio is defined as total debt divided by total assets: Debt Ratio = Total Debt
4 Total Assets The debt-to-equity ratio is total debt divided by total equity: Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Total Debt Total Equity Debt ratios depend on the classification of long-term leases and on the classification of some items as long-term debt or equity. The times interest earned ratio indicates how well the firm's earnings can cover the interest payments on its debt. This ratio also is known as the interest coverage and is calculated as follows: Interest Coverage = EBIT Interest Charges where EBIT = Earnings Before Interest and Taxes Profitability Ratios Profitability ratios offer several different measures of the success of the firm at generating profits. The gross profit margin is a measure of the gross profit earned on sales. The gross profit margin considers the firm's cost of goods sold, but does not include other costs. It is defined as follows: Gross Profit Margin = Sales - Cost of Goods Sold Sales Return on assets is a measure of how effectively the firm's assets are being used to generate profits. It is defined as: Return on Assets = Net Income Total Assets
5 Return on equity is the bottom line measure for the shareholders, measuring the profits earned for each dollar invested in the firm's stock. Return on equity is defined as follows: Return on Equity = Net Income Shareholder Equity Dividend Policy Ratios Dividend policy ratios provide insight into the dividend policy of the firm and the prospects for future growth. Two commonly used ratios are the dividend yield and payout ratio. The dividend yield is defined as follows: Dividend Yield = Dividends Per Share Share Price A high dividend yield does not necessarily translate into a high future rate of return. It is important to consider the prospects for continuing and increasing the dividend in the future. The dividend payout ratio is helpful in this regard, and is defined as follows: Payout Ratio = Dividends Per Share Earnings Per Share Use and Limitations of Financial Ratios Attention should be given to the following issues when using financial ratios: A reference point is needed. To to be meaningful, most ratios must be compared to historical values of the same firm, the firm's forecasts, or ratios of similar firms. Most ratios by themselves are not highly meaningful. They should be viewed as indicators, with several of them combined to paint a picture of the firm's situation. Year-end values may not be representative. Certain account balances that are used to calculate ratios may increase or decrease at the end of the accounting period because of seasonal factors. Such changes may distort the value of the ratio. Average values should be used when they are available. Ratios are subject to the limitations of accounting methods. Different accounting choices may result in significantly different ratio values.
6
Ratio Analysis. A) Liquidity Ratio : - 1) Current ratio = Current asset Current Liability
A) Liquidity Ratio : - Ratio Analysis 1) Current ratio = Current asset Current Liability 2) Quick ratio or Acid Test ratio = Quick Asset Quick liability Quick Asset = Current Asset Stock Quick Liability
Chapter 17: Financial Statement Analysis
FIN 301 Class Notes Chapter 17: Financial Statement Analysis INTRODUCTION Financial ratio: is a relationship between different accounting items that tells something about the firm s activities. Purpose
Discussion Board Articles Ratio Analysis
Excellence in Financial Management Discussion Board Articles Ratio Analysis Written by: Matt H. Evans, CPA, CMA, CFM All articles can be viewed on the internet at www.exinfm.com/board Ratio Analysis Cash
Creating a Successful Financial Plan
Creating a Successful Financial Plan Basic Financial Reports Balance Sheet - Estimates the firm s worth on a given date; built on the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner s Equity Income Statement
How To Calculate Financial Leverage Ratio
What Do Short-Term Liquidity Ratios Measure? What Is Working Capital? HOCK international - 2004 1 HOCK international - 2004 2 How Is the Current Ratio Calculated? How Is the Quick Ratio Calculated? HOCK
FSA Note: Summary of Financial Ratio Calculations
FSA Note: Summary of Financial Ratio Calculations This note contains a summary of the more common financial statement ratios. A few points should be noted: Calculations vary in practice; consistency and
Chapter. How Well Am I Doing? Financial Statement Analysis
Chapter 17 How Well Am I Doing? Financial Statement Analysis 17-2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Explain the need for and limitations of financial statement
Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS The following financial statements for Spencer Company will be used to demonstrate the calculation of the various ratios in profitability analysis. Spencer Company Comparative Balance
Return on Equity has three ratio components. The three ratios that make up Return on Equity are:
Evaluating Financial Performance Chapter 1 Return on Equity Why Use Ratios? It has been said that you must measure what you expect to manage and accomplish. Without measurement, you have no reference to
Financial Statement and Cash Flow Analysis
Chapter 2 Financial Statement and Cash Flow Analysis Answers to Concept Review Questions 1. What role do the FASB and SEC play with regard to GAAP? The FASB is a nongovernmental, professional standards
Ratio Analysis By transforming dollar figures into ratios, they may be compared to ratios of past periods, ratios of other firms or to industry norms.
Chapter Four Financial analysis and Planning, Control and Analysis The CONCEPT : So why divide? Dividends (Return) Company A: $15.00 Company B: $21,000.38 Company C: $73,400.00 The CONCEPT : Why divide?
Using Accounts to Interpret Performance
Using s to Interpret Performance ing information is used by stakeholders to judge the performance and efficiency of a business Different stakeholders will look for different things: STAKEHOLDER Shareholders
ESSENTIALS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 6E
CHAPTER 11 Creating a Successful Financial Plan The Importance of a Financial Plan Financial planning is essential to running a successful business and is not that difficult! Common mistake among business
Ratio Analysis CBDC, NB. Presented by ACSBE. February, 2008. Copyright 2007 ACSBE. All Rights Reserved.
Ratio Analysis CBDC, NB February, 2008 Presented by ACSBE Financial Analysis What is Financial Analysis? What Can Financial Ratios Tell? 7 Categories of Financial Ratios Significance of Using Ratios Industry
Appendix. Selected Financial Ratios Useful in Analytical Procedures
Selected Financial Ratios Useful in Analytical Procedures < Appendix D A number of financial ratios are used by auditors as analytical procedures. These ratios are broken down into four categories: short-term
Total shares at the end of ten years is 100*(1+5%) 10 =162.9.
FCS5510 Sample Homework Problems Unit04 CHAPTER 8 STOCK PROBLEMS 1. An investor buys 100 shares if a $40 stock that pays a annual cash dividend of $2 a share (a 5% dividend yield) and signs up for the
ICAP GROUP S.A. FINANCIAL RATIOS EXPLANATION
ICAP GROUP S.A. FINANCIAL RATIOS EXPLANATION OCTOBER 2006 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION... 3 2. FINANCIAL RATIOS FOR COMPANIES (INDUSTRY - COMMERCE - SERVICES) 4 2.1 Profitability Ratios...4 2.2 Viability
Financial Statements and Ratios: Notes
Financial Statements and Ratios: Notes 1. Uses of the income statement for evaluation Investors use the income statement to help judge their return on investment and creditors (lenders) use it to help
Ratios from the Statement of Financial Position
For The Year Ended 31 March 2007 Ratios from the Statement of Financial Position Profitability Ratios Return on Sales Ratio (%) This is the difference between what a business takes in and what it spends
Course 1: Evaluating Financial Performance
Excellence in Financial Management Course 1: Evaluating Financial Performance Prepared by: Matt H. Evans, CPA, CMA, CFM This course provides a basic understanding of how to use ratio analysis for evaluating
Ratio Analysis 0.75. Fixed Assets Fixed Assets + Net Working Capital =0.75 Fixed Assets
Ratio Analysis CA Past Years Exam Answer Answer to Q.1: (Nov, 009) Fixed assets ` 18,00,000 Proprietor s funds ` 4,00,000 Note: 1 Ratio of fixed assets to proprietor s funds 0.75 Properietors Fund 0.75
Financial Ratio Cheatsheet MyAccountingCourse.com PDF
Financial Ratio Cheatsheet MyAccountingCourse.com PDF Table of contents Liquidity Ratios Solvency Ratios Efficiency Ratios Profitability Ratios Market Prospect Ratios Coverage Ratios CPA Exam Ratios to
Financial Ratios and Quality Indicators
Financial Ratios and Quality Indicators From U.S. Small Business Administration Online Women's Business Center If you monitor the ratios on a regular basis you'll gain insight into how effectively you
Financial Planning for East Coast Yachts
Financial Planning for East Coast Yachts Prepared for East Coast Yachts Prepared by Dan Ervin, Mary-Ann Lawrence, Kevin Klepacki, Katie Wilson, Andrew Wright January 1, 2010 Table of Contents iii Table
Financial Forecasting (Pro Forma Financial Statements)
Financial Modeling Templates Financial Forecasting (Pro Forma Financial Statements) http://spreadsheetml.com/finance/financialplanningforecasting_proformafinancialstatements.shtml Copyright (c) 2009, ConnectCode
Understanding Financial Management: A Practical Guide Guideline Answers to the Concept Check Questions
Understanding Financial Management: A Practical Guide Guideline Answers to the Concept Check Questions Chapter 3 Interpreting Financial Ratios Concept Check 3.1 1. What are the different motivations that
Liquidity analysis: Length of cash cycle
2. Liquidity analysis: Length of cash cycle Operating cycle of a merchandising firm: number of days it takes to sell inventory + number of days until the resulting receivables are converted to cash Acquisition
ACCOUNTING FOR NON-ACCOUNTANTS
Deutsch and Chikarovski's ACCOUNTING FOR NON-ACCOUNTANTS A Question and Answer Handbook Robert Deutsch and Kris Chikarovski THE FEDERATION PRESS 2012 Preface - x Who is this book for? x What is in this
E5-4 Assessing receivable and inventory turnover (AICPA adapted)
E5-4 Assessing receivable and inventory turnover (AICPA adapted) Accounts receivable turnover Net credit sales = Average trade receivables = $2,500,000 $462,500 = 5.41 times where average trade receivables
TYPES OF FINANCIAL RATIOS
TYPES OF FINANCIAL RATIOS In the previous articles we discussed how to invest in the stock market and unit trusts. When investing in the stock market an investor should have a clear understanding about
Computing Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio = CA / CL 708 / 540 = 1.31 times Quick Ratio = (CA Inventory) / CL (708 422) / 540 =.53 times Cash Ratio =
1 Computing Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio = CA / CL 708 / 540 = 1.31 times Quick Ratio = (CA Inventory) / CL (708 422) / 540 =.53 times Cash Ratio = Cash / CL 98 / 540 =.18 times 2 Computing Leverage
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING TOPIC: FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
SYLLABUS Compulsory part Basic ratio analysis 1. State the general functions of accounting ratios. 2. Calculate and interpret the following ratios: a. working capital/current ratio, quick/liquid/acid test
Company Financial Plan
Financial Modeling Templates http://spreadsheetml.com/finance/companyfinancialplan.shtml Copyright (c) 2009-2014, ConnectCode All Rights Reserved. ConnectCode accepts no responsibility for any adverse
Creating a Successful Financial Plan
CHAPTER 11 Creating a Successful Financial Plan The Importance of a Financial Plan Financial planning is essential to running a successful business and is not that difficult! Common mistake among business
Financial ratio analysis
Financial ratio analysis A reading prepared by Pamela Peterson Drake O U T L I N E 1. Introduction 2. Liquidity ratios 3. Profitability ratios and activity ratios 4. Financial leverage ratios 5. Shareholder
FI3300 Corporation Finance
Learning Objectives FI3300 Corporation Finance Spring Semester 2010 Dr. Isabel Tkatch Assistant Professor of Finance Explain the objectives of financial statement analysis and its benefits for creditors,
CHAPTER 6. P.6.17 The following are the ratios relating to the activities of National Traders Ltd:
CHAPTER 6 Solved Problems P.6.17 The following are the ratios relating to the activities of National Traders Ltd: Debtors velocity (months) 3 Stock velocity (months) 8 Creditors velocity (months) 2 Gross
Portfolio Management FMI Skema Paris campus Contrôle continu 2 2 April 2014 O. Williams
Portfolio Management FMI Skema Paris campus Contrôle continu 2 2 April 2014 O. Williams 1. The comparisons with which ratios should be made include the following, except: a. The firm's own past performance
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS CS. Sample Reports. version 2008.x.x
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS CS Sample Reports version 2008.x.x TL 19887 (10/14/2008) Copyright Information Text copyright 2004-2008 by Thomson Reuters/Tax & Accounting. All rights reserved. Video display images
Key Concepts and Skills. Standardized Financial. Chapter Outline. Ratio Analysis. Categories of Financial Ratios 1-1. Chapter 3
Key Concepts and Skills Chapter 3 Working With Financial Statements Know how to standardize financial statements for comparison purposes Know how to compute and interpret important financial ratios Know
Fundamental Analysis Ratios
Fundamental Analysis Ratios Fundamental analysis ratios are used to both measure the performance of a company relative to other companies in the same market sector and to value a company. There are three
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND RATIO ANALYSIS
In following we will be demonstrating the use of ratios to help examine the health of a firm. Ratios allow managers evaluate to a firm's financial statements in order to point out the strengths and weaknesses
Chapter 9 Solutions to Problems
Chapter 9 Solutions to Problems 1. a. Cash and cash equivalents are cash in hand and in banks, plus money market securities with maturities of 90 days or less. Accounts receivable are claims on customers
Credit Analysis 10-1
Credit Analysis 10-1 10-2 Liquidity and Working Capital Basics Liquidity - Ability to convert assets into cash or to obtain cash to meet short-term obligations. Short-term - Conventionally viewed as a
Chapters 3 and 13 Financial Statement and Cash Flow Analysis
Chapters 3 and 13 Financial Statement and Cash Flow Analysis Balance Sheet Assets Cash Inventory Accounts Receivable Property Plant Equipment Total Assets Liabilities and Shareholder s Equity Accounts
Understanding Financial Information for Bankruptcy Lawyers Understanding Financial Statements
Understanding Financial Information for Bankruptcy Lawyers Understanding Financial Statements In the United States, businesses generally present financial information in the form of financial statements
Solutions to Chapter 4. Measuring Corporate Performance
Solutions to Chapter 4 Measuring Corporate Performance 1. a. 7,018 Long-term debt ratio 0. 42 7,018 9,724 b. 4,794 7,018 6,178 Total debt ratio 0. 65 27,714 c. 2,566 Times interest earned 3. 75 685 d.
HEALTHCARE FINANCE An Introduction to Accounting and Financial Management. Online Appendix A Financial Analysis Ratios
11/16/11 HEALTHCARE FINANCE An Introduction to Accounting and Financial Management Online Appendix A Financial Analysis Ratios INTRODUCTION In Chapter 17, we indicated that financial ratio analysis is
CHAPTER 3 LONG-TERM FINANCIAL PLANNING AND GROWTH
CHAPTER 3 LONG-TERM FINANCIAL PLANNING AND GROWTH Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 5. The sustainable growth rate is greater than 20 percent, because at a 20 percent growth rate
* * * Chapter 15 Accounting & Financial Statements. Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
Chapter 15 Accounting & Financial Statements Copyright 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall Bookkeeping vs. Accounting Bookkeeping Accounting The recording of business transactions.
E2-2: Identifying Financing, Investing and Operating Transactions?
E2-2: Identifying Financing, Investing and Operating Transactions? Listed below are eight transactions. In each case, identify whether the transaction is an example of financing, investing or operating
Financial Formulas. 5/2000 Chapter 3 Financial Formulas i
Financial Formulas 3 Financial Formulas i In this chapter 1 Formulas Used in Financial Calculations 1 Statements of Changes in Financial Position (Total $) 1 Cash Flow ($ millions) 1 Statements of Changes
Financial/Accounting Analysis Ratios Excel Calculator
User Guide Financial/Accounting Analysis Ratios Excel Calculator Dec 2008 Version 2 copyright 2008 Business Tools Templates Financial/Accounting Analysis Ratios Excel Calculator Financial Analysis Ratios
Chapter 4 Analysis of Financial Statements ANSWERS TO SELECTED END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS
Chapter 4 nalysis of Financial Statements NSWERS TO SELECTED END-OF-CHPTER QUESTIONS 4-1 a. liquidity ratio is a ratio that shows the relationship of a firm s cash and other current assets to its current
Financial Terms & Calculations
Financial Terms & Calculations So much about business and its management requires knowledge and information as to financial measurements. Unfortunately these key terms and ratios are often misunderstood
For our curriculum in Grade 12 we are going to use ratios to analyse the information available in the Income statement and the Balance sheet.
SUBJECT: ACCOUNTING GRADE 12 CHAPTER: COMPANIES LESSON: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION-RATIOS LESSON OVERVIEW (KNOWLEDGE AREAS) LESSON 1. Introduction 2. Analysing of financial statements and its purpose
Current Assets. Current Liabilities. Quick Assets or Liquid Assets. Current Liabilities. 1. Liquidity Ratios 1 Current Ratio Formula.
1. Liquidity Ratios 1 Current Ratio Current Assets Current Liabilities This ratio shows short-term financial soundness of the business. Higher ratio means better capacity to meet its current obligation.
9901_1. A. 74.19 days B. 151.21 days C. 138.46 days D. 121.07 days E. 84.76 days
1. A stakeholder is: 9901_1 Student: A. a creditor to whom a firm currently owes money. B. any person who has voting rights based on stock ownership of a corporation. C. any person or entity other than
1.1 Role and Responsibilities of Financial Managers
1 Financial Analysis 1.1 Role and Responsibilities of Financial Managers (1) Planning and Forecasting set up financial plans for their organisations in order to shape the company s future position (2)
COMPANIES INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 13 MARCH 2014
COMPANIES INTERPRETATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 13 MARCH 2014 In this lesson we: Introduction Lesson Description Look at analysing financial statements and its purpose Consider users of financial statements
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS GUIDE
MAN 4720 POLICY ANALYSIS AND FORMULATION FINANCIAL ANALYSIS GUIDE Revised -August 22, 2010 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS USING STRATEGIC PROFIT MODEL RATIOS Introduction Your policy course integrates information
CHAPTER 2 ACCOUNTING STATEMENTS, TAXES, AND CASH FLOW
CHAPTER 2 ACCOUNTING STATEMENTS, TAXES, AND CASH FLOW Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. True. Every asset can be converted to cash at some price. However, when we are referring
ILLUSTRATION 5-1 BALANCE SHEET CLASSIFICATIONS
ILLUSTRATION 5-1 BALANCE SHEET CLASSIFICATIONS MAJOR BALANCE SHEET CLASSIFICATIONS ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNERS' EQUITY Current Assets Long-Term Investments Current Liabilities Long-Term Debt Capital
Report Description. Business Counts. Top 10 States (by Business Counts) Page 1 of 16
5-Year County-Level Financial Profile Industry Report Architectural Services (SIC Code: 8712) in Prince George County, Maryland Sales Range: $500,000 - $999,999 Date: 11/07/08 Report Description This 5-Year
FINANCIAL AND REPORTING PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS
FINANCIAL AND REPORTING PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS 2 BASIC REPORTING PRINCIPLES Full Disclosure of Meaningful Information Basic facts about an investment should be available prior to buying it. Investors
Nursery Financial Management: Basis for Decisions
AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE AE02-52 Nursery Financial Management: Basis for Decisions Charles R. Hall Professor Agricultural Economics E12-4115-00-001-02
Trade Date The date of the previous trading day. Recent Price is the closing price taken from this day.
Definition of Terms Price & Volume Share Related Institutional Holding Ratios Definitions for items in the Price & Volume section Recent Price The closing price on the previous trading day. Trade Date
Using Financial Ratios: Interested Parties
Using Financial Ratios: Interested Parties Ratio analysis involves methods of calculating and interpreting financial ratios to assess a firm s financial condition and performance. It is of interest to
Interpretation of Financial Statements
Interpretation of Financial Statements Author Noel O Brien, Formation 2 Accounting Framework Examiner. An important component of most introductory financial accounting programmes is the analysis and interpretation
6. Financial Planning. Break-even. Operating and Financial Leverage.
6. Financial Planning. Break-even. Operating and Financial Leverage. Financial planning primarily involves anticipating the impact of operating, investment and financial decisions on the firm s future
CHAPTER 2 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND CASH FLOW
CHAPTER 2 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND CASH FLOW Solutions to Questions and Problems NOTE: All end-of-chapter problems were solved using a spreadsheet. Many problems require multiple steps. Due to space and
The Interpretation of Financial Statements. Why use ratio analysis. Limitations. Chapter 16
The Interpretation of Financial Statements Chapter 16 1 Luby & O Donoghue (2005) Why use ratio analysis Provides framework Comparison to previous years Trends identified Identify areas of concern Targets
Oklahoma State University Spears School of Business. Financial Statements
Oklahoma State University Spears School of Business Financial Statements Slide 2 Sources of Information Annual reports (10K) & Quarterly reports (10Q) SEC EDGAR Major databases COMPUSTAT(access through
Section 3 Financial and stock market ratios
Section 3 Financial and stock market ratios Introduction 41 Ratio calculation 42 Financial status ratios 43 Stock market ratios 45 Debt: short-term or long-term? 47 Summary 48 Problems 49 INTRODUCTION
Guidance on Accounting Elements
Guidance on Accounting Elements OCR GCE in Business Studies August 2012 The following guidance has been prepared in order to assist centres in the preparation of their candidates for the accounting elements
CHAPTER 9. Ratio Analysis
CHAPTER 9 Ratio Analysis Introduction The analysis of the financial statements and interpretations of financial results of a particular period of operations with the help of 'ratio' is termed as "ratio
performance of a company?
How to deal with questions on assessing the performance of a company? (Relevant to ATE Paper 7 Advanced Accounting) Dr. M H Ho This article provides guidance for candidates in dealing with examination
Understanding Financial Statements. For Your Business
Understanding Financial Statements For Your Business Disclaimer The information provided is for informational purposes only, does not constitute legal advice or create an attorney-client relationship,
Intermediate (IPC)Course Paper 3 Part 2 Financial Management Chapter 3 CA. N Raja Natarajan, B.Com, PGDBA, ACA
Intermediate (IPC)Course Paper 3 Part 2 Financial Management Chapter 3 CA. N Raja Natarajan, B.Com, PGDBA, ACA Classification of Ratios Liquidity Ratios Capital Structure / Leverage Ratios Activity Ratios
3 Financial Analysis and Planning
3 Financial Analysis and Planning BASIC CONCEPTS AND FORMULAE 1. Financial Analysis and Planning Financial Analysis and Planning is carried out for the purpose of obtaining material and relevant information
Liquidity and Working Capital Analysis
8 Lecture Liquidity and Working Capital Analysis Liquidity and Working Capital Operating Activity Additional Liquidity Measures Current assets Current Liabilities Working Capital Current ratio Cash-based
Analyzing the Statement of Cash Flows
Analyzing the Statement of Cash Flows Operating Activities NACM Upstate New York Credit Conference 2015 By Ron Sereika, CCE,CEW NACM 1 Objectives of this Educational Session u Show how the statement of
Measuring Financial Performance: A Critical Key to Managing Risk
Measuring Financial Performance: A Critical Key to Managing Risk Dr. Laurence M. Crane Director of Education and Training National Crop Insurance Services, Inc. The essence of managing risk is making good
Borrowing Money for Your Business
Borrowing Money for Your Business After you have developed a cash flow analysis and determined when your business will make profit, you may decide you need additional funding. Borrowing money is one of
140 SU 3: Profitability Analysis and Analytical Issues
140 SU 3: Profitability Analysis and Analytical Issues QUESTIONS 3.1 Profitability Ratios Questions 1 and 2 are based on the following information. The financial statements for Dividendosaurus, Inc., for
SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTER RM. 032
SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTER RM. 032 FINANCING THROUGH COMMERCIAL BANKS Revised January, 2013 Adapted from: National Federation of Independent Business report Steps to Small Business Financing Jeffrey
BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE for Teachers and Students
Pathway: Business, Marketing, and Computer Education Lesson: BMM C6 4: Financial Statements and Reports Common Core State Standards for Mathematics: N.Q.2 Domain: Quantities Cluster: Reason quantitatively
Financial Ratio Analysis A GUIDE TO USEFUL RATIOS FOR UNDERSTANDING YOUR SOCIAL ENTERPRISE S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Financial Ratio Analysis A GUIDE TO USEFUL RATIOS FOR UNDERSTANDING YOUR SOCIAL ENTERPRISE S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE December 2013 Acknowledgments This guide and supporting tools were developed by Julie
Uses and Limitations of Ratio Analysis
Uses and Limitations of Ratio Analysis Balkrishna Parab ACS, AICWA balkrishnaparab@jbims.edu F inancial statement analysis involves comparing the firm s performance with that of other firms in the same
NWC = current assets - current liabilities = 2,100
Questions and Problems Chapters 2,3 pp45-47 1. Building a balance sheet. Penguin Pucks, Inc., has current assets of $3,000, net fixed assets $6,000, current liabilities of $900, and long-term debt of $5,000.
Chapter Financial Forecasting
Chapter Financial Forecasting PPT 4-2 Chapter 4 - Outline What is Financial Forecasting? 3 Financial Statements for Forecasting Constructing Pro Forma Statements Basis for Sales Projections Steps in a
Easter School Accounting Grade 12. Interpretation of Financial Statements 27 March 2013
KEY CONCEPTS: In this session we will focus on: - Ratios X-PLANATION INTRODUCTION: Ratios For our curriculum in Grade 12 we are going to use ratios to analyse the information available in the Income Statement
MAN 4720 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND POLICY FORMULATION FINANCIAL ANALYSIS GUIDE
MAN 4720 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND POLICY FORMULATION FINANCIAL ANALYSIS GUIDE Revised -December 13, 2011 1 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS USING STRATEGIC PROFIT MODEL RATIOS Introduction Your policy course integrates
Topic 4 Working Capital Management. 1. Concept of Working Capital 2. Measuring Working Capital and Net Working Capital. 4.
Topic 4 Working Capital Management 1. Concept of Working Capital 2. Measuring Working Capital and Net Working Capital 3. Optimization i i of Working Capital 4. Applications 80 Learning objectives This
Chapter 5: Business Valuation (Market Approach)
Chapter 5: Business Valuation (Market Approach) This methodology values larger companies based upon the value of similar publicly traded For smaller companies, otherwise known as micro businesses (e.g.,
HEALTHCARE FINANCE: AN INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT. Online Appendix A Financial Ratios
HEALTHCARE FINANCE: AN INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Online Appendix A Financial Ratios INTRODUCTION In Chapter 17, we indicated that ratio analysis is a technique commonly used to
Catching Up with Running Ratios
Catching Up with Running Ratios Laurie Watje, CPA University of Northern Iowa John Pappajohn Entrepreneurial Center Who is Laurie? Manager Student Business Incubator at UNI CPA Former business owner The
Often stock is split to lower the price per share so it is more accessible to investors. The stock split is not taxable.
Reading: Chapter 8 Chapter 8. Stock: Introduction 1. Rights of stockholders 2. Cash dividends 3. Stock dividends 4. The stock split 5. Stock repurchases and liquidations 6. Preferred stock 7. Analysis