SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER IS FOR MARS

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER IS FOR MARS"

Transcription

1 SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER IS FOR MARS Dr. Matthew L. Dalton IAC, October, 2015

2 Space Based Solar Power (SBSP) First proposed by Isaac Asimov in 1941 and has been under active research since the 1970 s. No demonstration mission has ever been flown and most proposals remain a pie in the sky. Notable examples are very large, risky adventures with no real proven technology, e.g. NASA Arbitrarily Large Phased Array. Many hurdles are left unanswered, how to point such an array in geosynchronous orbit always pointing nadir yet also pointing at the sun more generally, how to not interfere with Earthly communication or electronics.

3 SBSP: dead? Elon Musk offered perhaps one of the most damning assessments for the outlook of the field. In an interview in 2012, he declared his desire to stab that bloody thing in the heart. Full transcript:

4 SBSP: dead? The crux of his argument against SBSP seems to be that you have multiple power conversion steps: Photon (sun) -> electron (solar panel) -> photon (beamed power) -> electron (rectenna) The same is true, however for Earth based solar power since production often does not match consumption. Photon (sun) -> electron (solar panel) -> chemical reaction (batteries) -> electron (grid) Or perhaps solar power is produced in solar abundant regions and carried across long land lines to less abundant regions (e.g. DESERTEC) where transmission lines introduce new losses

5 SBSP: the real difficulty? The cost of launching into LEO (not even counting GEO!) is typically estimated to be $1,000/kg. If 1kWh costs $0.10 on Earth, you would need to produce 10,000kWh on Earth per kilogram launched just to win back the initial investment. Assuming an overly optimistic total efficiency (mirrors, power production in space, beamed power, rectified on Earth) of 10%, that means 100,000kWh of solar radiation collected per kilogram launched. Assume the reflector module in the figure below weights 100kg and has a reflective area of 2m 2, this would require 3.5 million hours or 400 years! Just to win back the initial investment, and that is not even counting solar panels or power transmission mass or refueling every 5 years.

6 SBSP: what about Mars? It is the cost of launching that kills SBSP from the beginning, not conversion/transmission efficiencies. The cost of launching would need to go down by a factor of at least 100 to make this financially viable (which Musk might contribute to with his re-usable launchers). Moving SBSP to Mars turns the whole problem on its head. Instead of disadvantages, we get the following advantages: 1. Instead of high launch costs we can reduce landed mass with SBSP 2. Only hundreds of watts or kilowatts are required for Mars rovers instead of Megawatts for SBSP power plants (good for technology demonstrators) 3. No international restrictions on bandwidth apply on Mars 4. Less atmosphere means less power transmission losses, but also that power station can be located much closer to the planet surface, further reducing transmission losses 5. Microwave transceivers: less mass than RTGs and less sensitive to dust than solar panels, can receive power at night or in the winter If SBSP can be done anywhere it can be done on Mars!

7 SBSP Mars Mission Simulation: KSP One other eye catching comment Elon Musk said in that interview was KSP is awesome!. Further inspection revealed that KSP is a spaceflight simulation software under continual development by Squad which allows the user to build and test spacecraft. The basic vanilla version simulates a fictional solar system, however, a plug-in scheme allows third party developers to introduce their own code and modifications ( mods ) which may add new technologies or improve physics simulations.

8 SBSP Mars Mission Simulation: KSP The new version KSP1.0 has significantly improved aerodynamics, launch/reentry and thermal physics. The most critical mods for realistic simulations and the ones used in the following simulations are the following: 1. Realism Overhaul (makes solar panels produce realistic amounts of power depending on solar facing factor, distance from sun, realistic rocket thrusts and sizes, masses, power consumption, etc.) 2. Real Solar System (RSS, replaces simplified solar system with real planets, orbits, etc.) 3. Interstellar Extended (provides near future technologies, such as microwave power transmission needed for the Mars SBSP project)

9 SBSP Mars Mission Simulation: KSP Planning an SBSP based mission to Mars The Mars Power Hub (MPH, right) collects solar power with PV panels and beams it down to the rover. Just like the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, it also serves as a data relay hub. The Mars Rectenna Rover (MRR)

10 SBSP Mars Mission Simulation: KSP The Realism Overhaul solar panels have an area of 13 m 2 each and sun exposure (cosine law) is updated continuously based on pointing. Solar flux near Mars is about 590 W/m 2, so the received power of 1.34 kw corresponds to a very realistic efficiency of 15.9%, however, 85% efficient power transmission to MRR is overly optimistic at a distance of 600 km! In fact, Interstellar does not include distance dependence of microwave transmission efficiency!

11 SBSP Mars: Implement Distance Fall-off The code for the Interstellar plug-in can be downloaded from: (originally developed by Fraktal_UK, currently maintained by S.Svelm with many contributors) Under FNPlugin/Microwave/MicrowavePowerReceiver.cs We find protected double ComputeDistanceFacingEfficiency(double distance, double facingfactor) { double powerdissip = 1; if (distance > penaltyfreedistance)//if distance is <= penaltyfreedistance then powerdissip will always be 1 powerdissip = (microwaveangletan * distance * microwaveangletan * distance) / collectorarea;//dissip is always > 1 here } return facingfactor / powerdissip; The distance has no effect for power transmission when distance is less than the penalty free distance, i.e. when around only a single planetary body. So I downloaded the software, implemented distance dependent beam spreading, recompiled and re-ran the simulations.

12 SBSP Mars: Implement Distance Fall-off The microwave transmission module is similar to the one described in the NASA SPS ALPHA study from A communication dish is attached so that the Mars Power Hub functions also as a communication hum, just like the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Transmitted microwaves are now assumed to spread at an angle of 1-10 arc seconds.

13 MSBSP: Landing on Mars is hard! One of the first things you learn simulating missions to Mars is that landing on Mars really is hard. At least 9 failed missions to Mars: -Mars 2 (USSR, 1971) burned up on entry -Mars 6 (USSR, 1973) landed too hard -Mars 7 (USSR, 1973) missed the planet -Mars Polar Lander/Deep Space 2 (U.S., 1999) lost on arrival -Beagle 2 (ESA, 2003) lost on arrival Reducing landed mass is important!

14 MSBSP: Simulating beamed power Beamed power at a distance of 300km is feasible if 1 beam divergence can be achieved. With 10 it is somewhat feasible, with 1% transmission efficiency and ~53W power received, but power hub would need to be beefed up.

15 SBSP Mars: Beam divergence For diffraction limited Gaussian beam, the minimum possible divergence is give by: 2θ = λ πw Where w is the width of the beam at its smallest point, λ is the wavelength. Simple testing with the MPH and MRR show that a beam divergence angle of at most 10 (or ~50 μrad) in order to have at least 1% transmission due to small receiver. 1 (~5 μrad) can avhieve nearly zero beam loss due to beam spreading at a distance of ~300km. Given transmitter radius w = 2m 10 -> λ 300 μm -> 1,000 GHz not really feasible Assume 10 GHz (30mm) 10 -> need 98m radius transmitter also not really feasible

16 SBSP Mars: Beam divergence On the other hand, imagine that beamed power is from a laser and the receiver is a solar panel instead of microwave phased array. 1. Solar panel functions during the day as normal, providing power 2. When laser is overhead, solar panels receive up to two or three times the solar flux on Mars in the form of laser light. 3. Laser light will be transmitted in the day, at night, in the winter adding to the normal independent functioning of the solar panels. 4. But dust problem comes back

17 SBSP Conclusions This presentation has shown that Mars should be considered an ideal playing ground for testing SBSP: 1. Low atmosphere (low loss, lower orbits possible) 2. No problem of interfering with communications (free range of frequency selection) 3. No danger to people (maybe environment, e.g. planetary protection?) 4. Financial incentive: less landed mass instead of more launched mass But we have seen that with microwave frequencies this is not really feasible, requires either very large transmitter or very large receiver. Laser is the last possibility, most promissing and Mars is still the best place to test/prove it. Testing giant space laser on Mars is less likely to scare the masses, good place to demonstrate safety and effectiveness. And finally, we can see that KSP, while simple, can be used for zeroth order mission feasibility testing And Elon Musk was definitely right about one thing, KSP is awesome! I am happy to take suggestions or collaborations to continue the KSP mission design/testing! Dr. Matthew L. Dalton R&D Manager, Active Space Technology, GmbH Matthew.Dalton@activespacetech.eu Tel: +49 (0) Fax: +49 (0) Carl Scheele Strasse Berlin Germany

IAC 09 C3.4.5 SUSTAINABILITY ON-ORBIT: SPACE SOLAR POWER AND CLOUD COMPUTING CONSTELLATION TWO EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL OFFSET PROJECTS

IAC 09 C3.4.5 SUSTAINABILITY ON-ORBIT: SPACE SOLAR POWER AND CLOUD COMPUTING CONSTELLATION TWO EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL OFFSET PROJECTS IAC 09 C3.4.5 SUSTAINABILITY ON-ORBIT: SPACE SOLAR POWER AND CLOUD COMPUTING CONSTELLATION TWO EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL OFFSET PROJECTS Author: Mr. Sean Mobilia Global Enterprise Initiative (GEI), Moffett

More information

SPACE SOLAR POWER FOR POWERING A SPACE ELEVATOR. Bryan E. Laubscher, ISR-4 Mervyn J. Kellum, ISR-4

SPACE SOLAR POWER FOR POWERING A SPACE ELEVATOR. Bryan E. Laubscher, ISR-4 Mervyn J. Kellum, ISR-4 LA-UR-0 tf-3 /7D Approved hr public release; distribution is unlimited. Title: SPACE SOLAR POWER FOR POWERING A SPACE ELEVATOR Author(s): Bryan E. Laubscher, ISR-4 Mervyn J. Kellum, ISR-4 Submitted to.

More information

2. Orbits. FER-Zagreb, Satellite communication systems 2011/12

2. Orbits. FER-Zagreb, Satellite communication systems 2011/12 2. Orbits Topics Orbit types Kepler and Newton laws Coverage area Influence of Earth 1 Orbit types According to inclination angle Equatorial Polar Inclinational orbit According to shape Circular orbit

More information

Visualizing Wireless Transfer of Power: Proposal for A Five-Nation Demonstration by 2020. ISDC2012: Washington DC, May 26, 2012

Visualizing Wireless Transfer of Power: Proposal for A Five-Nation Demonstration by 2020. ISDC2012: Washington DC, May 26, 2012 Visualizing Wireless Transfer of Power: Proposal for A Five-Nation Demonstration by 2020 Don Flournoy Ohio University Brendan Dessanti & Narayanan Komerath Georgia Institute of Technology ISDC2012: Washington

More information

Does currently available technology have the capacity to facilitate a manned mission to Mars?

Does currently available technology have the capacity to facilitate a manned mission to Mars? Furze Platt Senior School Does currently available technology have the capacity to facilitate a manned mission to Mars? Daniel Messias Date: 8/03/2015 Candidate Number: 7158 Centre Number: 51519 Contents

More information

CONSTRUCTING A CONSTELLATION OF 6U SOLAR POWER CUBE SATELLITES

CONSTRUCTING A CONSTELLATION OF 6U SOLAR POWER CUBE SATELLITES CONSTRUCTING A CONSTELLATION OF 6U SOLAR POWER CUBE SATELLITES Authors: Corey Bergsrud 1, Jeremy Straub 2, Matthew Clausing 3, Johnathan McClure 1, and Sima Noghanian 1. 1 Department of Electrical Engineering,

More information

The Development of Space Solar Power System Technologies

The Development of Space Solar Power System Technologies 17 The Development of Space Solar Power System Technologies TAKANORI NARITA *1 TOSHIHIRO KAMIYA *1 KEIJI SUZUKI *1 KENICHI ANMA *2 MAYUKI NIITSU *3 NOBUHIKO FUKUDA *4 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI)

More information

WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION FROM SPACE

WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION FROM SPACE WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION FROM SPACE Gp Capt PA Patil Research Fellow, CAPS China is considering the concept of placing solar panels spanning an area equivalent to a small town aboard the largest-ever

More information

Solar Energy. Outline. Solar radiation. What is light?-- Electromagnetic Radiation. Light - Electromagnetic wave spectrum. Electromagnetic Radiation

Solar Energy. Outline. Solar radiation. What is light?-- Electromagnetic Radiation. Light - Electromagnetic wave spectrum. Electromagnetic Radiation Outline MAE 493R/593V- Renewable Energy Devices Solar Energy Electromagnetic wave Solar spectrum Solar global radiation Solar thermal energy Solar thermal collectors Solar thermal power plants Photovoltaics

More information

Radiation Transfer in Environmental Science

Radiation Transfer in Environmental Science Radiation Transfer in Environmental Science with emphasis on aquatic and vegetation canopy media Autumn 2008 Prof. Emmanuel Boss, Dr. Eyal Rotenberg Introduction Radiation in Environmental sciences Most

More information

Physics PH1FP. (Jun15PH1FP01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June 2015. Unit Physics P1. Unit Physics P1 TOTAL

Physics PH1FP. (Jun15PH1FP01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June 2015. Unit Physics P1. Unit Physics P1 TOTAL Centre Number Surname Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials Question Mark Science A Unit Physics P1 Physics Unit Physics P1 Friday 12 June 2015 General

More information

RS platforms. Fabio Dell Acqua - Gruppo di Telerilevamento

RS platforms. Fabio Dell Acqua - Gruppo di Telerilevamento RS platforms Platform vs. instrument Sensor Platform Instrument The remote sensor can be ideally represented as an instrument carried by a platform Platforms Remote Sensing: Ground-based air-borne space-borne

More information

Solar Energy for Space Exploration Teacher s Guide

Solar Energy for Space Exploration Teacher s Guide Solar Energy for Space Exploration Teacher s Guide GRADE LEVEL: 6 to 12 SUBJECT: Physical Science eacher s Resources 1 Solar Energy for Space Exploration Table of Contents Introduction... 4 Objectives...

More information

Connecting the World from the Sky

Connecting the World from the Sky Connecting the World from the Sky Last August, Facebook partnered with leading technology companies to launch Internet.org a global effort to make affordable basic internet services available to everyone

More information

Orbital Power Beaming for Extraterrestrial Exploration

Orbital Power Beaming for Extraterrestrial Exploration Orbital Power Beaming for Extraterrestrial Exploration Seth Potter 1, Dean Davis The Boeing Company, El Segundo, CA Collecting solar energy in space for use on Earth has been considered for many years,

More information

GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS PHYSICS 20 GRAVITATIONAL FORCES. Gravitational Fields (or Acceleration Due to Gravity) Symbol: Definition: Units:

GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS PHYSICS 20 GRAVITATIONAL FORCES. Gravitational Fields (or Acceleration Due to Gravity) Symbol: Definition: Units: GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS Gravitational Fields (or Acceleration Due to Gravity) Symbol: Definition: Units: Formula Description This is the formula for force due to gravity or as we call it, weight. Relevant

More information

Examples of Uniform EM Plane Waves

Examples of Uniform EM Plane Waves Examples of Uniform EM Plane Waves Outline Reminder of Wave Equation Reminder of Relation Between E & H Energy Transported by EM Waves (Poynting Vector) Examples of Energy Transport by EM Waves 1 Coupling

More information

Lecture L17 - Orbit Transfers and Interplanetary Trajectories

Lecture L17 - Orbit Transfers and Interplanetary Trajectories S. Widnall, J. Peraire 16.07 Dynamics Fall 008 Version.0 Lecture L17 - Orbit Transfers and Interplanetary Trajectories In this lecture, we will consider how to transfer from one orbit, to another or to

More information

A long time ago, people looked

A long time ago, people looked Supercool Space Tools! By Linda Hermans-Killam A long time ago, people looked into the dark night sky and wondered about the stars, meteors, comets and planets they saw. The only tools they had to study

More information

Chapter 4 Solution to Problems

Chapter 4 Solution to Problems Chapter 4 Solution to Problems Question #1. A C-band earth station has an antenna with a transmit gain of 54 db. The transmitter output power is set to 100 W at a frequency of 6.100 GHz. The signal is

More information

Evolution of Satellite Communication Systems

Evolution of Satellite Communication Systems Mathieu DERVIN Brussels, 6th May 2015 Brussels, May 2015 Agenda I. From Sputnik to wideband satellite services: The key technological evolutions II. Increase the satellite system capacity: A global system

More information

Satellite Communication Systems. mgr inż. Krzysztof Włostowski Instytut Telekomunikacji PW chrisk@tele.pw.edu.pl

Satellite Communication Systems. mgr inż. Krzysztof Włostowski Instytut Telekomunikacji PW chrisk@tele.pw.edu.pl Satellite Communication Systems mgr inż. Krzysztof Włostowski Instytut Telekomunikacji PW chrisk@tele.pw.edu.pl Satellite Communication Satellite Communication combines the missile and microwave technologies

More information

A Comparison of a Solar Power Satellite Concept to a Concentrating Solar Power System

A Comparison of a Solar Power Satellite Concept to a Concentrating Solar Power System A Comparison of a Solar Power Satellite Concept to a Concentrating Solar Power System David V. Smitherman * NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, 35812 A comparison is made of a solar power

More information

Name: Earth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 1: Celestial Motions and Forces Due in class Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2015

Name: Earth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 1: Celestial Motions and Forces Due in class Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2015 Name: Earth 110 Exploration of the Solar System Assignment 1: Celestial Motions and Forces Due in class Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2015 Why are celestial motions and forces important? They explain the world around

More information

1. Introduction. FER-Zagreb, Satellite communication systems 2011/12

1. Introduction. FER-Zagreb, Satellite communication systems 2011/12 1. Introduction Topics History Characteristics of satellite communications Frequencies Application 1 History Arthur C. Clark suggested in 1945. Earth coverage with 3 geostationary satellites. On 4th of

More information

Earth vs Space for Solar Energy, Round Two

Earth vs Space for Solar Energy, Round Two Earth vs Space for Solar Energy, Round Two Arthur P. Smith American Physical Society apsmith@aps.org January 5, 2004 Can renewable solar energy for terrestrial use be collected more efficiently and cleanly

More information

Laser Ranging to Nano-Satellites

Laser Ranging to Nano-Satellites 13-0222 Laser Ranging to Nano-Satellites G. Kirchner (1), Ludwig Grunwaldt (2), Reinhard Neubert (2), Franz Koidl (1), Merlin Barschke (3), Zizung Yoon (3), Hauke Fiedler (4), Christine Hollenstein (5)

More information

Automated Spacecraft Scheduling The ASTER Example

Automated Spacecraft Scheduling The ASTER Example Automated Spacecraft Scheduling The ASTER Example Ron Cohen ronald.h.cohen@jpl.nasa.gov Ground System Architectures Workshop 2002 Jet Propulsion Laboratory The Concept Scheduling by software instead of

More information

ESCI-61 Introduction to Photovoltaic Technology. Solar Radiation. Ridha Hamidi, Ph.D.

ESCI-61 Introduction to Photovoltaic Technology. Solar Radiation. Ridha Hamidi, Ph.D. 1 ESCI-61 Introduction to Photovoltaic Technology Solar Radiation Ridha Hamidi, Ph.D. 2 The Sun The Sun is a perpetual source of energy It has produced energy for about 4.6 billions of years, and it is

More information

Elements of Physics Motion, Force, and Gravity Teacher s Guide

Elements of Physics Motion, Force, and Gravity Teacher s Guide Teacher s Guide Grade Level: 9 12 Curriculum Focus: Physical Science Lesson Duration: Three class periods Program Description Examine Isaac Newton's laws of motion, the four fundamental forces of the universe,

More information

A Guide to Acousto-Optic Modulators

A Guide to Acousto-Optic Modulators A Guide to Acousto-Optic Modulators D. J. McCarron December 7, 2007 1 Introduction Acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) are useful devices which allow the frequency, intensity and direction of a laser beam

More information

Chapter 2: Solar Radiation and Seasons

Chapter 2: Solar Radiation and Seasons Chapter 2: Solar Radiation and Seasons Spectrum of Radiation Intensity and Peak Wavelength of Radiation Solar (shortwave) Radiation Terrestrial (longwave) Radiations How to Change Air Temperature? Add

More information

Briefing Paper. Wireless Power Transmission. Peter Vaessen KEMA. September 2009 ELECTRICITY

Briefing Paper. Wireless Power Transmission. Peter Vaessen KEMA. September 2009 ELECTRICITY Briefing Paper Wireless Power Transmission Peter Vaessen KEMA September 2009 ELECTRICITY Electricity 1 Introduction The definition of Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) is: efficient transmission of electric

More information

Physics 111 Homework Solutions Week #9 - Tuesday

Physics 111 Homework Solutions Week #9 - Tuesday Physics 111 Homework Solutions Week #9 - Tuesday Friday, February 25, 2011 Chapter 22 Questions - None Multiple-Choice 223 A 224 C 225 B 226 B 227 B 229 D Problems 227 In this double slit experiment we

More information

Lab 10. Solar and Wind Power

Lab 10. Solar and Wind Power 1 Name Lab 10. Solar and Wind Power INTRODUCTION Sunlight can be used to create heat or generate electrical power. This is referred to as solar energy. It is a clean form of energy production, which doesn't

More information

Provided for non-commercial research and educational use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use.

Provided for non-commercial research and educational use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. Provided for non-commercial research and educational use. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in Comprehensive Renewable Energy, published by Elsevier,

More information

About us The Challenge Younicos Technology Our Services Business Segments & Projects. Page 3

About us The Challenge Younicos Technology Our Services Business Segments & Projects. Page 3 Contents About us The Challenge Younicos Technology Our Services Business Segments & Projects Page 3 Younicos Company Presentation 2012 About us What we do Founded in 2008, our employees today develop

More information

ATM S 111, Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast

ATM S 111, Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast ATM S 111, Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast DARGAN M. W. FRIERSON DEPARTMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES DAY 1: OCTOBER 1, 2015 Outline How exactly the Sun heats the Earth How strong? Important concept

More information

Orbital Solar Panels

Orbital Solar Panels Orbital Solar Panels New Mexico Supercomputing Challenge Final Report 4/5/2011 Team #109 Sandia Preparatory Alex Burd Caitlyn Scharmer Mr. Neil McBeth Table of Contents Executive Summary Page 3 Statement

More information

The Sun. Solar radiation (Sun Earth-Relationships) The Sun. The Sun. Our Sun

The Sun. Solar radiation (Sun Earth-Relationships) The Sun. The Sun. Our Sun The Sun Solar Factoids (I) The sun, a medium-size star in the milky way galaxy, consisting of about 300 billion stars. (Sun Earth-Relationships) A gaseous sphere of radius about 695 500 km (about 109 times

More information

Astronomy 110 Homework #04 Assigned: 02/06/2007 Due: 02/13/2007. Name:

Astronomy 110 Homework #04 Assigned: 02/06/2007 Due: 02/13/2007. Name: Astronomy 110 Homework #04 Assigned: 02/06/2007 Due: 02/13/2007 Name: Directions: Listed below are twenty (20) multiple-choice questions based on the material covered by the lectures this past week. Choose

More information

Satellite Laser Communications on the Cheap

Satellite Laser Communications on the Cheap Satellite Laser Communications on the Cheap William Marshall PhoneSat Project Overview 1. PhoneSat 2. LightForce 3. Modula

More information

Space-Based Solar Energy A Brief Review and Analysis

Space-Based Solar Energy A Brief Review and Analysis Space-Based Solar Energy A Brief Review and Analysis Introduction Energy is one of the most fundamental components of nature. Energy demonstrates its importance in human society from calorie-filled food

More information

Fiber Optics: Fiber Basics

Fiber Optics: Fiber Basics Photonics Technical Note # 21 Fiber Optics Fiber Optics: Fiber Basics Optical fibers are circular dielectric wave-guides that can transport optical energy and information. They have a central core surrounded

More information

150 Watts. Solar Panel. one square meter. Watts

150 Watts. Solar Panel. one square meter. Watts Tool USE WITH Energy Fundamentals Activity land art generator initiative powered by art! 150 Watts 1,000 Watts Solar Panel one square meter 600 Watts SECTION 1 ENERGY EFFICIENCY 250 Watts 1,000 Watts hits

More information

Satellite Communications Class Project: Space Solar Power

Satellite Communications Class Project: Space Solar Power Satellite Communications Class Project: Space Solar Power ECE 6390 Fall 2011 Synopsis: Your newly-formed SunSat team/ company will respond to the request for proposal (RFP) at the end of this project description,

More information

EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission. Prof. Murat Torlak

EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission. Prof. Murat Torlak Path Loss Radio Wave Propagation The wireless radio channel puts fundamental limitations to the performance of wireless communications systems Radio channels are extremely random, and are not easily analyzed

More information

CHAPTER 2 Energy and Earth

CHAPTER 2 Energy and Earth CHAPTER 2 Energy and Earth This chapter is concerned with the nature of energy and how it interacts with Earth. At this stage we are looking at energy in an abstract form though relate it to how it affect

More information

APOPHIS 2029 A UNIQUE MISSION OPPORTUNITY

APOPHIS 2029 A UNIQUE MISSION OPPORTUNITY APOPHIS 2029 A UNIQUE MISSION OPPORTUNITY Jean-Yves Prado CNES Toulouse - France Presentation Outline APOPHIS reminder The April 2029 flyby Mission objectives Sequence of events Launch Orbit transfer Relative

More information

Hyperspectral Satellite Imaging Planning a Mission

Hyperspectral Satellite Imaging Planning a Mission Hyperspectral Satellite Imaging Planning a Mission Victor Gardner University of Maryland 2007 AIAA Region 1 Mid-Atlantic Student Conference National Institute of Aerospace, Langley, VA Outline Objective

More information

SPQ Module 3 Solar Power

SPQ Module 3 Solar Power SPQ Module 3 Solar Power The sun is the source of all life on earth. Yet we sometimes forget how central it is to our every activity. We stumble through our daily routine worrying about the mundane tribulations

More information

G U I D E T O A P P L I E D O R B I T A L M E C H A N I C S F O R K E R B A L S P A C E P R O G R A M

G U I D E T O A P P L I E D O R B I T A L M E C H A N I C S F O R K E R B A L S P A C E P R O G R A M G U I D E T O A P P L I E D O R B I T A L M E C H A N I C S F O R K E R B A L S P A C E P R O G R A M CONTENTS Foreword... 2 Forces... 3 Circular Orbits... 8 Energy... 10 Angular Momentum... 13 FOREWORD

More information

AS COMPETITION PAPER 2008

AS COMPETITION PAPER 2008 AS COMPETITION PAPER 28 Name School Town & County Total Mark/5 Time Allowed: One hour Attempt as many questions as you can. Write your answers on this question paper. Marks allocated for each question

More information

Overview of NASA s Laser Communications Relay Demonstration

Overview of NASA s Laser Communications Relay Demonstration Overview of NASA s Laser Communications Relay Demonstration April 2012 Bernard Edwards NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (301) 286-8926 Bernard.L.Edwards@nasa.gov 1 LCRD Demonstration Scenarios Mission

More information

1. Large ships are often helped into port by using two tug boats one either side of the ship. April 5, 1989 (Anchorage Daily News / Erik Hill)

1. Large ships are often helped into port by using two tug boats one either side of the ship. April 5, 1989 (Anchorage Daily News / Erik Hill) 1. Velocity and displacement vectors and scalars Vector and scalar quantities: force, speed, velocity, distance, displacement, acceleration, mass, time and energy. Calculation of the resultant of two vector

More information

Satellite Communications

Satellite Communications Satellite Communications Mika Nupponen S-72.4210 Postgraduate Course in Radio Communications 21/02/2006 1 Contents Introduction History of Satellite communications Satellites Satellite Link Design Propagation

More information

From Single to Formation Flying CubeSats: An Update of the Delfi Programme

From Single to Formation Flying CubeSats: An Update of the Delfi Programme From Single to Formation Flying CubeSats: An Update of the Delfi Programme Jian Guo, Jasper Bouwmeester & Eberhard Gill 1 Outline Introduction Delfi-C 3 Mission Delfi-n3Xt Mission Lessons Learned DelFFi

More information

ShindaiSat : A Visible Light Communication Experimental Micro-Satellite

ShindaiSat : A Visible Light Communication Experimental Micro-Satellite ShindaiSat : A Visible Light Communication Experimental Micro-Satellite Atsushi Nakajima, Nobutada Sako, Masato Kamemura, Yuuki Wakayama, Arata Fukuzawa, Hironori Sugiyama and Naoki Okada Graduate School

More information

Energy Systems. Sub Module 2

Energy Systems. Sub Module 2 Energy Systems Sub Module 2 Mars Challenge: Energy Systems CONTENTS Student assessment exercises: Part 1 Energy Systems: Reflective Journal Part 2 Solar Cells in Space: Reflective Journal Solar Cells

More information

Blackbody radiation. Main Laws. Brightness temperature. 1. Concepts of a blackbody and thermodynamical equilibrium.

Blackbody radiation. Main Laws. Brightness temperature. 1. Concepts of a blackbody and thermodynamical equilibrium. Lecture 4 lackbody radiation. Main Laws. rightness temperature. Objectives: 1. Concepts of a blackbody, thermodynamical equilibrium, and local thermodynamical equilibrium.. Main laws: lackbody emission:

More information

C-S TEAM. Page 1 of 5

C-S TEAM. Page 1 of 5 Title: Medium/large vehicle tracking system Primary POC: Jacoba Auret Organization: C-S Team (Cape Peninsula University of Technology-Stellenbosch University) POC email: 14807599@sun.ac.za Need We exist

More information

Science 9 Worksheet 13-1 The Solar System

Science 9 Worksheet 13-1 The Solar System Name Date Due Date Science 9 Read pages 264-287 of SP to help you answer the following questions: Also, go to a school computer connected to the internet. Go to Mr. Colgur s Webpage at http://sd67.bc.ca/teachers/dcolgur

More information

Activity 10 - Universal Time

Activity 10 - Universal Time Activity 10 - Universal Time Teacher s Guide Scientists use the Universal Time reference to talk about data that is taken around the globe. Universal Time is the time kept in the time zone centered on

More information

Regolith-Derived Heat Shield for Planetary Body Entry and Descent System with In-Situ Fabrication

Regolith-Derived Heat Shield for Planetary Body Entry and Descent System with In-Situ Fabrication Regolith-Derived Heat Shield for Planetary Body Entry and Descent System with In-Situ Fabrication Michael D. Hogue, NASA Kennedy Space Center Robert P. Mueller, NASA Kennedy Space Center Laurent Sibille,

More information

Dispersion penalty test 1550 Serial

Dispersion penalty test 1550 Serial Dispersion penalty test 1550 Serial Peter Öhlen & Krister Fröjdh Optillion Irvine, January 2001 Dispersion penalty test, 1550 serial Page 1 SMF Transmission at 1550 nm Different from multi-mode transmission

More information

Use the following information to deduce that the gravitational field strength at the surface of the Earth is approximately 10 N kg 1.

Use the following information to deduce that the gravitational field strength at the surface of the Earth is approximately 10 N kg 1. IB PHYSICS: Gravitational Forces Review 1. This question is about gravitation and ocean tides. (b) State Newton s law of universal gravitation. Use the following information to deduce that the gravitational

More information

Solar Power at Vernier Software & Technology

Solar Power at Vernier Software & Technology Solar Power at Vernier Software & Technology Having an eco-friendly business is important to Vernier. Towards that end, we have recently completed a two-phase project to add solar panels to our building

More information

Performance ratio. Contents. Quality factor for the PV plant

Performance ratio. Contents. Quality factor for the PV plant Performance ratio Quality factor for the PV plant Contents The performance ratio is one of the most important variables for evaluating the efficiency of a PV plant. Specifically, the performance ratio

More information

Solar power Availability of solar energy

Solar power Availability of solar energy Solar Energy Solar Energy is radiant energy produced in the sun as a result of nuclear fusion reactions. It is transmitted to the earth through space by electromagnetic radiation in quanta of energy called

More information

Running the Electric Meter Backwards: Real-Life Experience with a Residential Solar Power System

Running the Electric Meter Backwards: Real-Life Experience with a Residential Solar Power System Running the Electric Meter Backwards: Real-Life Experience with a Residential Solar Power System Brooks Martner Lafayette, Colorado University of Toledo Spring 2015 PHYS 4400 - Principles and Varieties

More information

Antennas & Propagation. CS 6710 Spring 2010 Rajmohan Rajaraman

Antennas & Propagation. CS 6710 Spring 2010 Rajmohan Rajaraman Antennas & Propagation CS 6710 Spring 2010 Rajmohan Rajaraman Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors o Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space o Reception

More information

Operational experienced of an 8.64 kwp grid-connected PV array

Operational experienced of an 8.64 kwp grid-connected PV array Hungarian Association of Agricultural Informatics European Federation for Information Technology in Agriculture, Food and the Environment Journal of Agricultural Informatics. 2013 Vol. 4, No. 2 Operational

More information

Physics 41 Chapter 38 HW Key

Physics 41 Chapter 38 HW Key Physics 41 Chapter 38 HW Key 1. Helium neon laser light (63..8 nm) is sent through a 0.300-mm-wide single slit. What is the width of the central imum on a screen 1.00 m from the slit? 7 6.38 10 sin θ.11

More information

Chapter 7 Our Planetary System. Agenda. Intro Astronomy. Intro Astronomy. What does the solar system look like? A. General Basics

Chapter 7 Our Planetary System. Agenda. Intro Astronomy. Intro Astronomy. What does the solar system look like? A. General Basics Chapter 7 Our Planetary System Agenda Pass back & discuss Test 2 Where we are (at) Ch. 7 Our Planetary System Finish Einstein s Big Idea Earth, as viewed by the Voyager spacecraft A. General Basics Intro

More information

Version A Page 1. 1. The diagram shows two bowling balls, A and B, each having a mass of 7.00 kilograms, placed 2.00 meters apart.

Version A Page 1. 1. The diagram shows two bowling balls, A and B, each having a mass of 7.00 kilograms, placed 2.00 meters apart. Physics Unit Exam, Kinematics 1. The diagram shows two bowling balls, A and B, each having a mass of 7.00 kilograms, placed 2.00 meters apart. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by

More information

The Moon. Nicola Loaring, SAAO

The Moon. Nicola Loaring, SAAO The Moon Nicola Loaring, SAAO Vital Statistics Mean distance from Earth Orbital Period Rotational Period Diameter 384,400 km 27.322 days 27.322 days 3476 km (0.272 x Earth) Mass 7.3477 10 22 kg (0.0123

More information

PTYS/ASTR 206 Section 2 Spring 2007 Homework #2 (Page 1/5) NAME: KEY

PTYS/ASTR 206 Section 2 Spring 2007 Homework #2 (Page 1/5) NAME: KEY PTYS/ASTR 206 Section 2 Spring 2007 Homework #2 (Page 1/5) NAME: KEY Due Date: start of class 2/6/2007 5 pts extra credit if turned in before 9:00AM (early!) (To get the extra credit, the assignment must

More information

How To Understand Light And Color

How To Understand Light And Color PRACTICE EXAM IV P202 SPRING 2004 1. In two separate double slit experiments, an interference pattern is observed on a screen. In the first experiment, violet light (λ = 754 nm) is used and a second-order

More information

Try to answer all of these questions. Be prepared to share your answers with a partner, and with the rest of the class.

Try to answer all of these questions. Be prepared to share your answers with a partner, and with the rest of the class. U1YESCO Module 21: Photovoltaic systems - 'Photovoltaic' (or PV for short) means turning light into electricity Solar PV systems provide electricity from sunlight They can provide power for a wide variety

More information

'' EGGBEATER '' ANTENNA VHF/UHF ~ PART 2

'' EGGBEATER '' ANTENNA VHF/UHF ~ PART 2 '' EGGBEATER '' ANTENNA VHF/UHF ~ PART 2 ON6WG / F5VIF Summary Note : In Part 1, Fig 1 shows a maximum gain of 6.45 dbi. Several design attempts were made using slightly different configurations ( i.e.

More information

MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE

MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE 1 MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE 1. The volume of a given mass of water at a temperature of T 1 is V 1. The volume increases to V 2 at temperature T 2. The coefficient of volume expansion of water may be calculated

More information

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SATELLITE COMMUNICATION By Gaurish Kumar Tripathi. 1.0 INTRODUCTION: The use of satellite in communication system is very much a fact of everyday in life. This is evidence by the many homes, which are

More information

Our Solar System, Our Galaxy, then the Universe

Our Solar System, Our Galaxy, then the Universe Our Solar System, Our Galaxy, then the Universe Al Globus, April 2012 Orbital Space Settlements When thinking about space settlement, most people think in terms of cities on the Moon or Mars. However,

More information

Friday 20 January 2012 Morning

Friday 20 January 2012 Morning THIS IS A NEW SPECIFICATION H Friday 20 January 2012 Morning GCSE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE PHYSICS A A181/02 Modules P1 P2 P3 (Higher Tier) *A131500112* Candidates answer on the Question Paper. A calculator

More information

DEOS. Deutsche Orbitale Servicing Mission. The In-flight Technology Demonstration of Germany s Robotics Approach to Service Satellites

DEOS. Deutsche Orbitale Servicing Mission. The In-flight Technology Demonstration of Germany s Robotics Approach to Service Satellites DEOS Deutsche Orbitale Servicing Mission The In-flight Technology Demonstration of Germany s Robotics Approach to Service Satellites B. Sommer, K. Landzettel, T. Wolf, D. Reintsema, German Aerospace Center

More information

Chapter 7 Our Planetary System. What does the solar system look like? Thought Question How does the Earth-Sun distance compare with the Sun s radius

Chapter 7 Our Planetary System. What does the solar system look like? Thought Question How does the Earth-Sun distance compare with the Sun s radius Chapter 7 Our Planetary System 7.1 Studying the Solar System Our goals for learning:! What does the solar system look like?! What can we learn by comparing the planets to one another?! What are the major

More information

Small Satellite Attitude Determination With RF Carrier Phase Measurement

Small Satellite Attitude Determination With RF Carrier Phase Measurement Politecnico di Torino Electronics Department IAC-09.C1.6.9 Small Satellite Attitude Determination With RF Carrier Phase Measurement Danilo Roascio, Leonardo M. Reyneri, Claudio Sansoé, Maurizio Bruno International

More information

2 Absorbing Solar Energy

2 Absorbing Solar Energy 2 Absorbing Solar Energy 2.1 Air Mass and the Solar Spectrum Now that we have introduced the solar cell, it is time to introduce the source of the energy the sun. The sun has many properties that could

More information

A New Radar Technology Broadband Radar Explained

A New Radar Technology Broadband Radar Explained A New Radar Technology Broadband Radar Explained by Bill Johnson The landscape of small boat radar has just changed. Until two months ago, all the radars for the leisure marine market worked in pretty

More information

ESCI 107/109 The Atmosphere Lesson 2 Solar and Terrestrial Radiation

ESCI 107/109 The Atmosphere Lesson 2 Solar and Terrestrial Radiation ESCI 107/109 The Atmosphere Lesson 2 Solar and Terrestrial Radiation Reading: Meteorology Today, Chapters 2 and 3 EARTH-SUN GEOMETRY The Earth has an elliptical orbit around the sun The average Earth-Sun

More information

EE302 Lesson 14: Antennas

EE302 Lesson 14: Antennas EE302 Lesson 14: Antennas Loaded antennas /4 antennas are desirable because their impedance is purely resistive. At low frequencies, full /4 antennas are sometime impractical (especially in mobile applications).

More information

Can Hubble be Moved to the International Space Station? 1

Can Hubble be Moved to the International Space Station? 1 Can Hubble be Moved to the International Space Station? 1 On January 16, NASA Administrator Sean O Keefe informed scientists and engineers at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) that plans to service

More information

Solar Energy Systems. Matt Aldeman Senior Energy Analyst Center for Renewable Energy Illinois State University

Solar Energy Systems. Matt Aldeman Senior Energy Analyst Center for Renewable Energy Illinois State University Solar Energy Solar Energy Systems Matt Aldeman Senior Energy Analyst Center for Renewable Energy Illinois State University 1 SOLAR ENERGY OVERVIEW 1) Types of Solar Power Plants 2) Describing the Solar

More information

Artificial Satellites Earth & Sky

Artificial Satellites Earth & Sky Artificial Satellites Earth & Sky Name: Introduction In this lab, you will have the opportunity to find out when satellites may be visible from the RPI campus, and if any are visible during the activity,

More information

Essential Question. Enduring Understanding

Essential Question. Enduring Understanding Earth In Space Unit Diagnostic Assessment: Students complete a questionnaire answering questions about their ideas concerning a day, year, the seasons and moon phases: My Ideas About A Day, Year, Seasons

More information

Take away concepts. What is Energy? Solar Energy. EM Radiation. Properties of waves. Solar Radiation Emission and Absorption

Take away concepts. What is Energy? Solar Energy. EM Radiation. Properties of waves. Solar Radiation Emission and Absorption Take away concepts Solar Radiation Emission and Absorption 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Conservation of energy. Black body radiation principle Emission wavelength and temperature (Wein s Law). Radiation vs. distance

More information

Space Export Controls Update

Space Export Controls Update Space Export Controls Update Since Delivering the 1248 Report to Congress - April 2012 Congress added language into the FY13 National Defense Authorization Act that gave the President the authority to

More information

WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION OF SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER

WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION OF SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER 2011 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology IPCBEE vol.6 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION OF SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER Barathwaj. G 1, Srinag.

More information

Electricity from PV systems how does it work?

Electricity from PV systems how does it work? Electricity from photovoltaic systems Bosch Solar Energy 2 Electricity from PV systems Electricity from PV systems how does it work? Photovoltaics: This is the name given to direct conversion of radiant

More information

Solar and Wind Energy for Greenhouses. A.J. Both 1 and Tom Manning 2

Solar and Wind Energy for Greenhouses. A.J. Both 1 and Tom Manning 2 Solar and Wind Energy for Greenhouses A.J. Both 1 and Tom Manning 2 1 Associate Extension Specialist 2 Project Engineer NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Rutgers University 20 Ag Extension Way New Brunswick,

More information