Advanced Microcontrollers Grzegorz Budzyń Lecture. 3: Electrical parameters of microcontrollers 8051 family

Transcription

1 Advanced Microcontrollers Grzegorz Budzyń Lecture 3: Electrical parameters of microcontrollers 8051 family

2 Plan Electrical parameters of microcontrollers 8051 core(8-bit) Main features 8051 based microcontrollers

3 Electrical parameters

4 Electricalparameters Important parameters: Maximum ratings Power supply: Voltage Current consumption Clocking Reset I/O ports parameters

5 Electrical parameters Maximum ratings

6 Maximumratings Microcontrollershaveto be viewedas a complicated device, sensitive to many factors Each device have their own Absolute Maximum Ratings that must be viewed very carefully ThevaluesfoundinthattableMUST NOT be exceeded

7 Main parameters: Maximumratings Operating temperature Usually from -40C to 130C Differs fromchip vendorto chip vendor Usually different temperature versions available Thermal resistance should be taken into consideration in order to avoid problems with overheating Microcontrollers are usually NOT protected against overheating!

8 Main parameters: Maximumratings Maximum operating voltage: Maximumvalueofvoltagethatcanbe connectedto power supply input of the microcontroller For microcontrollers with multiple power supplies inputs, themaximumoperatingvoltageisdefinedfor each input separately

9 Main parameters: Maximumratings Input/ output voltage range: Maximumvalueofvoltagethatcanbe connectedto any pin of the microcontroller Thevalueisusuallylimittedby theactualpowersupply valueandmaystaywithinsomelimits(i.e. -0.5V to VCC+0.5V) The input-output voltage range can be extended when the CLAMP CURRENT parameter is used properly

10 Main parameters: Clamp Current: Maximumratings Themaximumcurrentthattheinputcansinkorthe output can source without any damage UsuallyinmArange Ifa seriesresistorisusedthenevenveryhigh or negative voltages can be directly connected to the microcontroller Usable in ESD protection

11 Electrical parameters Power supply

12 Power supply Delivering power to microcontrollers is usually a delicate task Most ofmicrocontrollershavemorethan1 power supply input Each power supply input have usually different requirements The most problematic for proper power supply are microcontrollers with analog part

13 Power supply Single supply Dual supply

14 System grounding Grounds shortened only on uc Ground shortened only on power supply Grounds shortened only on uc

15 Currentconsumption The requirements on power consumption reduction are nowdays very high Theactivesupplycurrentisintherangeof 1mA/MIPS Theactivesupplycurrentdependson the main clock frequency Microcontrollers offer many supply modes in order to reduce power consumption

16 Currentconsumption

17 Electrical parameters Clocking

18 Clocking External Crystal Oscillator: An external crystal oscillator is connected between XTAL inputs Modifying clock frequency requires change of the physical object(crystal) Clock stability can be high (1-10ppm)

19 Clocking Low Frequency Crystal Oscillator: Optimised for low frequency crystals mainly the khz Similar stability like standard Crystal Oscillator

20 Clocking External RC Oscillator: Verysimpleandcheapoption Just two discreet components necessary Limitedto a fewmhzrange Ease of frequency regulation Very low stability( ppm)

21 Clocking Internal RC Oscillator: Verysimpleandcheapoption Limitedto a fewmhzrange Easeoffrequencyregulation onlysoftware register change necessary Possibility of frequency calibration Very low stability( ppm)

22 Clocking External Clock: The most expensive option Just one (but complicated!) component necessary the clock generator Very wide frequency range available(even above 100MHz) No possiblity of frequency regulation High to Ultra high stability( ppm)!!!

23 Clocking Internal PLL: Requires external clock or external oscillator Wide frequency range available Ease of frequency regulation via software register Stabilitydependson theclocksourceandthe jitter of PLL. Usually not better than 1ppm

24 Electrical parameters Reset

25 Reset During Reset: alli/o Registersareset to theirinitialvalues the program starts execution from the Reset Vector Theresetcircuitrydoes not require any clock source to be running(it is asynchronous)

26 Reset In most microcontrollers there are available a few reset sources: Power-on Reset. TheMCU isresetwhenthesupply voltage is below the Power-on Reset threshold(vpot) ExternalReset.TheMCU isresetwhena lowlevelis presenton thereset pin for longerthantheminimum pulse length WatchdogReset. TheMCU isresetwhenthewatchdog Timer period expires and the Watchdog is enabled Brown-out Reset. TheMCU isresetwhenthesupply voltage VCC is below the Brown-out Reset threshold (VBOT) and the Brown-out Detector is enabled

27 Power-on Reset

28 ExternalReset

29 Brown-out Reset

30 WatchdogReset

31 Electrical parameters I/O ports

32 GeneralI/O port structure

33 I/O port withinternalpull-up

34 I/O port withpush-pull

35

36 Introduction

37 Introduction Familyof8051 originatesfromintel8051 microcontroller constructed in microcontrollerswere, for thelongtime, the most popular microcontrollers on the market

38 Introduction One ofthesourceofsuccessisthefactthat 8051 basemicrocontrollersareofferedby many vendors(e.g. Siemens, Infineon, Atmel, Philips, Dallas Semiconductors, Analog Devices) 8051 based microcontrollers are still very popular because of backward compatibility andbecausepresentconstructionsaremuch more efficient than original ones

39 Introduction blockdiagram External interrupts Interrupt Control On-chip ROM for program code On-chip RAM Timer/Counter Timer 1 Timer 0 Counter Inputs CPU OSC Bus Control 4 I/O Ports Serial Port P0 P1 P2 P3 TxD RxD Address/Data

40 Introduction-Architecture Main features: 8-bit CISC processor Modified Harvard architecture(instructions and data on separate busses) 4 banksof8 x 8b universalregisters Instructionsexecutedin1, 2 or3 instructionclock cycles(12 clock pulses)

41 Introduction-Architecture Main features: 4kB ofinternalrom 128B ofinternalsram four parallel ports P0..P3 1 x UART Two timers(one used for UART transmission) interrupt subsystem with priorities

42 Source: [1] PIC10

43 8051 -pinout Source: [1]

44 Mainpins: RST activehigh pinout EA ExternalAccess logic 0 meansexecution of program from internal ROM PSEN -Program StoreEnable OE for external memory ALE -AddressLatchEnable signalusedfor demultiplexing of data and address

45 8051 -registers A B R0 R1 DPTR DPH DPL R2 R3 R4 PC PC Some bit Register Source: [1] R5 R6 R7 Some 8-bitt Registers of the 8051

46 8051 Mainproducers ChipCON (TI) versions with internal wireless communications blocks Analog Devices very good Analog microcontrollers with embedded, high-quality, analog-digital and digital-analog converters

47 8051 Mainproducers Dallas Semiconductors very high performance (33MIPS in comparison to original 1MIPS!!!); excellent communication blocks (CAN, Ethernet) NXP a lot of classical models, power supply current reduction, improved performance

48 8051 by ChipCON (TI)

49 8051 by ChipCON Source: [2]

50 Main features: CC2430 SoC chip integrated processor and RF circuits 8051 CPU, 32MHz 8kB ofsram 128kB Flash RF 2.4GHz, transceiver Low supply voltage Very small component count

51 CC2430 Source: [3]

52 8051 by Analog Devices

53 PIC12F615 blockdiagram

54 ADuC824 Named Analog microcontroller : Mainpart areprecisionadc sanddac s Microprocessor is only an addition Fully integrated 24-bit data acquisition system Software compatible with 8052 processors

55 ADuC824 Source: [4]

56 Main features: ADuC824 High Resolution Sigma-Delta ADCs Two Independent ADCs(16- and 24-Bit Resolution) Programmable Gain Front End 24-Bit No Missing Codes, Primary ADC 13-Bit 20 Hz, 20 mvrange 18-Bit 20 Hz, 2.56 V Range Memory: 8kB Program Memory, 640 B Data Memory(Flash) 256B Data RAM

57 Main features: 8051-Based Core ADuC Compatible Instruction Set (12.58 MHz Max) 32 khz External Crystal, On-Chip Programmable PLL Three 16-Bit Timer/Counters 26 Programmable I/O Lines 11 Interrupt Sources, Two Priority Levels Power Specified for 3 V and 5 V Operation Normal: 3 ma@ 3 V (Core CLK = 1.5 MHz) Power-Down: 20 ua (32 khz Crystal Running)

58 Main features: On-Chip Peripherals ADuC824 On-Chip Temperature Sensor 12-Bit Voltage Output DAC Dual Excitation Current Sources Reference Detect Circuit Time Interval Counter (TIC) UART Serial I/O I2C -Compatible and SPI Serial I/O Watchdog Timer (WDT), Power Supply Monitor (PSM)

59 ADuC824 MainADC structure

60 8051 by Dallas Semiconductors

61 PIC12F615 Pinout Source: [5]

62 Source: [5]

63 DS80C410 8-bit network microcontroller Many connection peripherals: 10/100 Mbs Ethernet 3 x serial ports CAN 2.0B controller 1-Wire Master 64kB SRAM for TCP/IP stack

64 Source: [6] PIC16

65 Main features: DS80C410 High-Performance Architecture Single 8051 Instruction Cycle in 54ns DC to 75MHz Clock Rate (1MIPS/4MHz) Flat 16MB Address Space Four Data Pointers with Auto-Increment/Decrement and Select-Accelerate Data Movement 16/32-Bit Math Accelerator

66 DS80C410 MultitieredNetworkingandI/O 10/100 Ethernet Media Access Controller(MAC) Optional CAN 2.0B Controller 1-Wire Net Controller Three Full-Duplex Hardware Serial Ports Upto EightBidirectional8-Bit Ports(64 DigitalI/O Pins)

67 DS80C410 Integrated Primary System Logic 16 Total Interrupt Sources with Six External Four 16-Bit Timer/Counters 2x/4x Clock Multiplier Reduces Electromagnetic Interference(EMI) Programmable Watchdog Timer Oscillator-Fail Detection Programmable IrDA Clock

68 DS80C410 Enhanced Memory Architecture Selectable 8/10-Bit Stack Pointer for High-Level Language Support 64kBytes Additional On-Chip SRAM Usable as Program/Data Memory 16-Bit/24-Bit Paged/24-Bit Contiguous Modes Selectable Multiplexed/Nonmultiplexed External Memory Interface MergedProgram/Data MemorySpaceAllowsIn-System Programming Defaults to True 8051-Memory Compatibility

69 DS80C410 Externalmemorymerging

70 DS80C410 arithemtic coprocessor Source: [6]

71 DS80C410 Ethernet

72 DS80C410 ROM functions Plentyusefulfunctionscanbe foundin DS80C410 ROM Many function categories, e.g.: Utility Memory managing Socket handling DHCP functions 1-Wire functions andmany, manymore.

73 DS80C410 ROM functions

74 Thank you for your attention

75 References [1] [2] [3] CC2430 documentation; [4] ADuC845 documentation; [5] [6] DS80C410 documentation; [7] df [8]