Speed Network Marketing, Energy Selection and Optimal Timetable

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Abel Quinn
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1 COULOMB11 Optical Acceleration of Ions and Perspective for Biomedicine G. Turchetti Conclusive remarks

2 The regime currently most investigated is TNSA. The problem is not maximum energy. Limits come from 1) Exponential energy spectrum 2) Low average energy 3) Large angular spread Transport, focusing and energy selection are difficult. The bunches suitable for final use or post-acceleration have a low number of protons.

3 The spectrum is dn/de = N 0 /E 0 exp( -E/E 0 ) E<E max where E 0 is the average energy and N 0 the total number if E 0 << E max The number of protons in a narrow range [E, E+DE ] is DN= N 0 DE/E 0 exp( -E/E 0 ) For instance if E 0 =2 MeV, E=10 MeV, DE=0.1 MeV, N 0 =10 12 DN =

4 Monocromatic beam Strongly chromatic beam Focusing of a solenoid f = b 02 /(L W 2 ) ~ E / B 2 Focusing at the desired energy can help for energy selection.

5 Solenoids or quadrupoles for focusing, chicanes for energy selection are not efficient as for classical beams. How to peak the spectrum increasing average energy? The deposition of a quasi critical layer improves TNSA Structured or mass limited targets limit the energy spread The RPA regime also provides quasi monochromatic spectra But circular polarization, extreme contrast rise difficulties.

6 . Scaling for TNSA Emax ~ a q 1<q<2 3D PIC energy ½ of 2D PIC. Coating doubles <E>=1.7 MeV

7 The quasi critical targets are interesting. Hole boring regime E= a 2 n/n c Induced self transparency allows propagation + good collimation The only easily available targets are gas jets for n c = cm -3 occurring for l=10 mm wave length of CO 2 lasers PIC 3D for a channel a=26 E max =75 MeV <E>=10 MeV a=26

8 Dispersion in a 3D beam a=10 E(MeV) Focusing when Energy varies E(MeV) Transport experiments: realistic 3D PIC beams were transported on lines with a solenoid, chicane and collimators

9 A possible pathway for therapy Accelerate a beam sufficiently intense around 30 MeV Transport and focus it selecting energy at DE/E =5-10 % Inject it in the linac ACLIP for post-acceleration This is the LILIA experiment final goal and the key part of the Prometheus project feasibility study.

10 The ACLIP module was deveoped by the Milano INFN group of De Martinis and Naples. Recently tested at LNS in Catania. RF 3 Ghz With 24 modules of 4 m energy gain from 30 to 60 MeV Might be the second stage of a hybrid accelerator for therapy. ACLIP LIBO

11 We propose to form a working group aimed to Develop a design study for the acceleration, transport and post-acceleration with injection at 30 MeV. The key issues should be A) Virtual experiments fully 3D B) Real experiments on acceleration and transport to validate simulations

A) Theoretical sapecifications of acceleration regimes Fully 3D simulations of acceleration phase (possible benchmarks with different PIC codes) Simulation of transport,

12 A) Theoretical sapecifications of acceleration regimes Fully 3D simulations of acceleration phase (possible benchmarks with different PIC codes) Simulation of transport, focusing and energy selection (without and with space charge) B) Acceleration and transport experiments at lower energies. LILIA at 3 MeV C) Radiobiology and radioprotection aspects

13 Start of project January End december 2013 Creation of a common web site Meetings: june 2012, november 2012, june 2013 Financial support

14 The Bologna Group Conclusive remarks Laser acceleration: P. Londrillo, F. Rossi Transport: G. Turchetti, S. Sinigardi Technology: M. Sumini + 2 graduate students Radiobiology: G. Castellani, L. Oliveira and undergraduate students. Financial support: MAE, INFN, ABO, MIUR, Foundations

Final proposal Organize a working group for Design a system to accelate and transport a proton beam of 30 MeV suitable to be injected in a compact high field (ACLIP) to postaccelerate 10

15 Final proposal Organize a working group for Design a system to accelate and transport a proton beam of 30 MeV suitable to be injected in a compact high field (ACLIP) to postaccelerate protons up to 60 MeV Dose 6 Gray for 3 min at 10 Hz on a few g tissue, for preclinical studies and selected treatment on humans Deliverable: scientific, tecnical and financial report.

16 Scientific committe for the design study P. Bolton (Physics biomedicine interface ) I. Hofmann (Transport) M. Borghesi (Acceleration exp.) L. Silva (Vitual accel. Exp) De Martinis (Linac post acceleration) Erbacci (Supercomputing) Coordination: G. Turchetti, G. Dattoli, M. Sumini

17 The Montecuccolino nuclear site The university of Bologna has a site whic hosted a nuclear reactor Almost completely decommissione. The bulding is a cube of 17 m side With bunker and moving krane. Annex buildings 220 mq. Underground 300 mq for technological installations. Electric power 1 MW. On the hills 3 Km from city centre. Proposed for a laboratory of radiation physics and biology

18 Progetto Prometheus PROTONS, IONS AND COHERENT X RAYS FACILITY BASED ON HIGH POWER LASER for MEDICAL RESEARCH, ONCOLOGICAL THERAPY,BIO-IMAGING AND RADIO-BIOLOGY USE.

21 Post accelerazione di protoni HARDWARE SVILUPPATO. In ambito INFN si e consolidata una vasta esperienza nell ambito della progettazione e realizzazione di acceleratori lineari compatti per protoni alla frequenza di 3 GHz LIBO: 60 MeV proton linac booster) at LNS during installation in the beam line ACLIP: a 30 MeV linac booster, assembly of the first module E = 20 MV/m -RF High Power Tests on the First Module of the ACLIP Linac, V. Vaccaro et al. Proceedings PAC09 (Particle Accelerator Conference. Vancouver, Maggio 2009 LIBO - A LINAC-Booster for Protontherapy: Construction and Tests of a Prototype - Nuclear Instruments and Methods A, Volume 521, 2-3, aprile 2004 U. Amaldi et al -BEAM TESTS ON A PROTON LINAC BOOSTER FOR HADRONTHERAPY C. De Martinis et al- Proceedings EPAC 2002 (European Particle Accelerator Conference. Parigi, Giugno 2002

22 Post accelerazione di protoni Schema di accelerazione con linac ad alto campo dove viene iniettato il fascio da 30 MeV di un ciclotrone per PET sviluppato da INFN. Possibile utilizzo di un laser per iniezione SCL: side coupled linac

23 Setup presso il Laboratorio di Biofisica, UniBO

24 APID: protein-protein network whole network: 1600 nodes (proteins) - giant component shown

ACCELERATORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS 2

ACCELERATORS AND MEDICAL PHYSICS 2 Ugo Amaldi University of Milano Bicocca and TERA Foundation EPFL 2-28.10.10 - U. Amaldi 1 The icone of radiation therapy Radiation beam in matter EPFL 2-28.10.10 - U.