Paola Guzzo. The influence of French feminism on English feminism during the XXst century

Transcription

1 Paola Guzzo The influence of French feminism on English feminism during the XXst century

2 Table of Content Introduction... 3 I. The premices of a movement... 3 The first feminists... 3 The Age of Enlightment... 3 II. The French Revolution... 4 A Revolution for Human Rights... 4 The impact on French feminism... 4 III. The impact on British Feminism...5 Main Feminists of the Xxth century...5 Similarities and differences... 5 Similarities... 5 Differences... 5 Conclusion... 6

3 Introduction I chose this subject because the situation of women in the world is a subject very important for me. In this part, i'll do an introduction of my subject. First, I will explain the reasons why I chose this subject and then how I organised my work (the main parts). Then I'll define the main question and a write a sentence of transition. I. The premices of a movement The first feminists Christine de Pisan Henri Corneille-Agrippa Moderata Fonte Mary Astell Mary Wollstonecraft Olympe de Gouges The Age of Enlightment So, in this part I'll explain how the Age of Enlightment 1 was a period of great changes in liberty and progress. It was the first step to reach a finally more open minded society. It was the case, of course, especially in France. Dans ce cadre, je mettrais des citations de féministes en français, ou des extraits de textes français, comme par exemple ici, l'encyclopédie de Diderot et d'alembert. La police sera Californian FB, la taille du texte de 13 et en rouge 5. Pour cela, j'ai créé MonContenuCadre dans «Style et formatage» 1 Paola Guzzo 3/7

4 II. The French Revolution A Revolution for Human Rights Today, Climate change is a very serious issue of the transatlantic community and it is at the very top of the government s political agendas of the European Union and the United States of America. Indeed, they are worried about the impacts of the negative effects of Global Warming for the next generation. The European Union is a very unique kind of actor because as a supranational organization it has technical and financial resources and instrumental power. Besides, its many relations all around the word add to its importance. But without the US, it seems almost impossible to change the international climate policy 2. Conferences of the parties (COP) are international conventions organized each year since 1995 to discuss about an international issue, plan new actions and find solutions with all members of the United Nations which want to take actions. For example, the COP21 also known as the Paris Climate Conference will take place in the end of November in Paris and will be dedicated to the climate issue. Indeed, this international political response to climate which began in 1992 with the creation of the UN Framework on Climate Change will be attended by more than participants including official delegates from government, intergovernmental organisations, UN agencies, NGOs and civil society. The conference is crucial because the expected outcome is a new international agreement on climate change, applicable to all, to keep global warming below 2 C. Historically, the actions taken to reduce climate change consisted mostly in the limitation of the emission of greenhouse gases (Kyoto Protocol 1992). Recommendations also exist on this subjects. [MAT ] The impact on French feminism Today, Climate change is a very serious issue of the transatlantic community and it is at the very top of the government s political agendas of the European Union and the United States of America. Indeed, they are worried about the impacts of the negative effects of Global Warming for the next generation. The European Union is a very unique kind of actor because as a supranational organization it has technical and financial resources and instrumental power. Besides, its many relations all around the word add to its importance. But without the US, it seems almost impossible to change the international climate policy. Conferences of the parties (COP) are international conventions organized each year since 1995 to discuss about an international issue, plan new actions and find solutions with all members of the United Nations which want to take actions. For example, the COP21 also known as the Paris Climate Conference will take place in the end of November in Paris and will be dedicated to the climate issue. Indeed, this international political response to climate which began in 1992 with the creation of the UN Framework on Climate Change will be attended by more than participants including official delegates from government, intergovernmental organisations, UN agencies, NGOs and civil society. The conference is crucial because the expected outcome is a new international agreement on climate change, applicable to all, to keep global warming below 2 C. Historically, the actions taken to reduce climate change consisted mostly in the limitation of the emission of greenhouse gases (Kyoto Protocol 1992). Recommendations also exist on this subjects. 2 Paola Guzzo 4/7

5 III. The impact on British Feminism The French Revolution had a big impact on the British society. Main Feminists of the Xxth century Simone de Beauvoir ( ) is a French woman who gave a lot to the world, especially thanks to her book in two parts «Le deuxième sexe». [SIM] «On ne naït pas femme, on le devient.» Simone de Beauvoir Similarities and differences Similarities First similarity Second similarity Third similarity Differences [POL] France - First specificity of France - Second specificity of France - Third specificity of England England - First specificity of England - Second specificity of England - Third specificity of England Paola Guzzo 5/7

6 Conclusion There were 23 British universities in After a period of expansion in the 1960s and reforms in 1992 when existing institutions such as polytechnics were given university status, there are now some 87 universities and 64 institutions of higher education, with 1.3 million full-time students. The Open University and the independent University of Buckingham are additional universitylevel institutions. The universities can be broadly classifies into four types. The ancient university of Oxford and Cambridge (composed of their many colleges) date from the twelth century Paola Guzzo 6/7

7 Bibliography Ruth Mather, The impact of the French Revolution in Britain,,2005 Simone de Beauvoir, Le Deuxième Sexe,, 1949 Judith Pollard, France and Britain: Twins with differences,,2012 Index des illustrations Logo Paris Logo Feminism...1 Simone de Beauvoir...5 Paola Guzzo 7/7