Location Analysis Regarding Disaster Management Bases via GIS Case study: Tehran Municipality (No.6)

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1 Urba - Regoal Studes ad Research Joural 3 rd Year No.10 - Autum 2011 Locato Aalyss Regardg Dsaster Maagemet Bases va GIS Case study: Tehra Mucpalty (No.6) M. Shoja Aragh. S. Tavallae. P. Zaea Receved: 17 Jue 2010 / Accepted: 14 May 2011, P Exteded abstract 1- Itroducto Nowhere the world s free from the rsk. However, wth creasg populato ad ther relevat eeds, the destructo ad damagg power ad magtude of both atural dsasters have bee tesfed. I other words, the Earth s more vulerable tha t used to be. I ths cotext, dsaster maagemet headquarters Tehra rased ad adopted the orgal pla for dsaster maagemet Tehra. The ma goals of Costructo of ths ste s to provde tactcal ad operatoal platform for achevg the approprate prevetve measures, preparedess ad copg wth varous crses, partcularly the great atural crses such as earthquakes, accelerate etwork developmet ad system evaluato retculum cdet, ad coduct operatos cotrol ceter of cty of Tehra. Authors M. Shoja Aragh ( ) M.A of Geography ad Urba Plag, Tarbat Moallem Uversty, Tehra, Ira e-mal: Mahaz_sh_a@yahoo.com S. Tavallae Professor of Geography ad Urba Plag, Tarbat Moallem Uversty, Tehra, Ira P. Zaea Assocate Professor of Geography ad Urba Plag, Tarbat Moallem Uversty, Tehra, Ira I ormal codtos, user educato ad sport (CS wome) also for these categores s cosdered. Cosderg that the support bases, partcularly crss stuatos play a very mportat role the orgazato ad crss maagemet, so t s ecessary that through a comprehesve study the exact place for ths type of costructo s selected order to mprove effcecy ad explotg t to be effectve. So, ths research, aalyss ad detfcato of the factors fluecg locato choce swtchg stes ad approprate maer based o the fdgs ad scetfc strumets s take to accout so that, the most sutable places to establsh these bases foud. For ths purpose geographc formato system s used as a powerful tool maagg ad aalyzg spatal data, ad sx Regoal Mucpalty of Tehra are selected as the study area. 2- Theoretcal Bases I order to weght to the effectve crtera settg the ste locato AHP s used ad for tegratg layers of dex were used overlay ad fuzzy models. URS Joural

2 12 Urba - Regoal Studes ad Research Joural, 3 rd Year, No. 10, Autum 2011 Explaato about each cocept s preseted the followg part. - AHP (Aalytcal Herarchy Process) AHP was troduced by Thomas L. clock Ths system s oe of the most comprehesve of systems desged for decso makg wth multple crtera. Ths techque allows formulatg the problem a herarchcal patter ad makes t possble to cosder varous quattatve ad qualtatve crtera. Ths process volves varous optos decso makg ad has the possblty of dog sestvty aalyss o the crtera ad sub crtera. Furthermore, t s based o pared comparso ad thus facltate ad calculatos. It also shoes the compatblty ad compatblty of the decso whch s a superor advatage of ths techque mult crtera decso makg. - Idex Overlay Model The dex overlay model s a cmmo model to combe layers, whch gves weght to the factors fluecg ste selecto, based o ther mportace ad role ad accordg to expert opos. Ths weght s umercal ad determed specfc perod. The umercal weght the specfed perod shall be determed. S S j = 1 = = 1 W W I ths coecto s s the weghed score for the ssue or complcato (polygo, pxel); W s weght of th put map ad S j s weght of j th class from th map. - Fuzzy logc model (Fuzzy logc) Fuzzy logc s a mult- valued logc,.e. ts parameters ad varables, addto to assgg the umbers 0 or 1, ca assg all values ca be betwee these two umbers. Belogg of Each member of the referece set to a specfc subset, s ot deftve,.e. t caot be sad decsvely that the desred member belogs to ths s set or ot. Ths s doe by attrbutg a amber betwee 0 ad 1 to ths member. Operators of fuzzy logc model are as follow: Fuzzy OR: Fuzzy AND: Combato = MIN Α, B, c,... Fuzzy Algebrac Product: = Combato = 1 Fuzzy Algebrac Sum: {,,... } Combato = MAX Α, B c { } Combato = 1 (1 ) Fuzzy Gamma: γ = ( fuzzyalg. Sum) ( FuzzyAlg.Product) Combato = 1 I whch s the selected parameter the rage of (0 ad 1). Whe γ = 1 the combato woud be the fuzzy algebrac sum ad whe γ = 0 the combato s equal to fuzzy algebrac product. 3- Dscusso After the tal studes to determe the optmal locato for establshg bases for dsaster maagemet support usg geographc formato systems (GIS), the followg steps were taka: 1 γ URS Joural

3 Urba - Regoal Studes ad Research Joural, 3 rd Year, No. 10, Autum At frst the study area was determed. The the parameters of the desred user locato were aalyzed, ad were classfed two levels of factor ad sub factor. These factors clude some geomorphc specfcatos, populato desty, locatoal propertes, physcal characterstcs, accessblty ad cotgecy regardg both compatble ad compatble urba lad uses. Each factor has some sub factors, e.g. geologcal profle crtera clude factors of groud water level, slope ad groud fault. More layers were prepared. It was ecessary to, georeferece the layers ad create topology for layers ad defe coordate system ad the same scale for each layer. Layers were prepared for subsequet aalyss. The factor map were prepared for layers. Factor maps clude two processg stages ad gve weght to each layer. Before that t s requred to defe crtera ad stadards for each layer accordg to ther feld work. I the process stage, all layers were chaged from vector to raster usg Spatal Aalyst tools. Preparg factor map was doe usg fuzzy method wth regardg crtera defed for each layer ad lear membershp fuctos was defed based o the postve or egatve effect of each parameter the process of ste selecto. Membershp fuctos o layers some software was wrtte usg Raster Calculator tool Arc GIS ad fally some maps were obtaed to each of the uts ts place, a value betwee 0 to1 was allocated. The layers each class (factor) were to be combed wth each other so t was ecessary that the effectve factors be determd. Selectg the correct ad coscous weght wll help to determe the optmum ste. I ths study for sutable weghg, AHP was used. Experts preseted scores based o 9 degree Saat table at the matrx tables, the the scores were etered the software Super Decso ad after dog ecessary calculatos, the fal weght for each of the crtera ad factors were extracted. Next, tegratg layers was doe usg software ArcGIS9.2. Ths process was doe at two levels (factor & sub factor levels) ad va three methods. I combg layers at both levels, AHP techque was appled as well -Based o frst method, dex overly was appled combg two levels -I secod procedure, dex overly was appled wth regard to combato of sub factor. However, fuzzy gamma was used for combato of factor. Based o the opo of experts gamma value of 0.85 was chose -Accordg to thrd method, fuzzy gamma was used order to combe both factor ad sub factor: - Geomorphc specfcatos γ = Accessblty γ = Compatble urba lad uses γ = Icompatble urba lad uses γ = 0.95 Later o, raster maps derved from ths method, factor maps, were tegrated wth each other usg the fuzzy gamma. Gamma optmal level for ths stage γ = 0.98 has bee set. Result of ths operato was three raster maps, the value of each pxel represets o the desrablty or udesrablty of establshg user locato. 4- Cocluso To fd the optmal locato from the three outputs obtaed, the maps were combed together usg four operatos of, multplcato, sum, Fuzzy Or operator ad Fuzzy Ad operator. I each of the four output smlar lmts was foud as a approprate URS Joural

4 14 Urba - Regoal Studes ad Research Joural, 3 rd Year, No. 10, Autum 2011 locato. The results of ths study propose the three optos for the establshmet of bass s. All of these maps suggest that orth easter part of Kordesta, Shaheed Gomam tersecto possess the hghest pxels value terms of areal extet ad optmum shp ad therefore s recommeded as optmum locato for costructo of emergecy evacuato base. 5- Suggestos Urba plaers ad decso makers ca acheve ther goals wth greater accuracy ad speed ad make decsos ad solve problems for urba models usg logc ad moder effcet devces ad systems, ad especally wth the advatage of geographc formato systems. Proposed method ths research, gves ths opportuty to preveto ad dsaster maagemet orgazato to detfy ad select the safe ad desred locato ad safe costructo of bases for dsaster maagemet support wth greater accuracy ad ease spte of the frequecy of parameter ad dfferet values. Key words: Locato Aalyss, Dsaster Maagemet Bases, Geographc Iformato System, Aalytcal Herarchcal Process, Idex overlay, Fuzzy logc Refereces Al shekh, A. ad Hossea, Sh. (2006) Geomatc Coferece, Optmal locato of urba lad use va GIS (case study: gree space Yasuj), Tehra. Amr, F. (2007), Ste Selecto of hgh voltage substato usg Geographc formato system, Ebad Hamd, M.A Thess, Khaje asr toos uversty of techology, photogrammetry departmet, Tehra. B.Kar, M.E Hodgso. (2008), A GIS- Based Model to Determe Ste Sutablty of Emergecy Evacuato Shelters, Trasactos GIS. Bayata, A. ( ), Mappg of potetal meral deposts of copper Prfyry usg remote sesg ad GIS case study southwest meshk Cty, Zaeea Parveez, M.A Thess, Shaheed behesht uversty, remote sesg departmet. Ghods poor, H. (2000), Topcs multple crtera decso makg: Aalytcal Herarchy Process, Amrkabr uversty press, Tehra. Islam, A. (2006), ste selecto regardg Emergecy Evacuato Bases of Kae Wolfgag. (2002), Fuzzy logc ad GIS, Departmet of Geography ad Regoal Research Uversty of Vea, Austra. Mehdpoor, Fatemeh ad Mesgar, Mohammad s. (2007), Geomatc Coferece, Model for ste selecto based o multple crtera decso makg methods GIS, Tehra, Mucpalty subdvso umber 1, Tehra, Publc relato of Tehra dsaster mtgato ad maagemet orgazato. (2006), Report of Dsaster Maagemet Bases, Hamgama magaze, o9, Tehra. Saeeda, A. (2008), Ketabe sabz (lad use), Mucpalty Orgazato Coutry, Tehra. Samadzadega. (2004), Optmum Ste Selecto for cotemporary Evacuato Shelters based o applcato of spatal formato systems (GIS) Itellget, Tehra, Shoja Aragh, Mahaz. (2008), Locatoal Aalyss Regardg Mult- URS Joural

5 Urba - Regoal Studes ad Research Joural, 3 rd Year, No. 10, Autum Purpose Dsaster Maagemet Bases va GIS Case study: Tehra Mucpalty (The 6th Dvso), Tavallae Sm, M.A Thess, Tarbat Moallem Uversty, Geographc departmet. Shoja Aragh, M. (2004), Istructo set operato ad mateace maagemet support dsaster maagemet bases Tehra, Mucpalty Orgazato Coutry, Tehra. Shoja Aragh, M. (2004), Report ste locato partcular area of Dsaster Maagemet Bases 20th Dvso, Mucpalty Orgazato Coutry, Tehra Zebar dast, E. (2005), Ste Survey Aalyss wth Respect to Emergecy Evacuato Ceters usg GIS ad AHP techques, Art perodcal ssue umber 21 pp5-16.tehra. URS Joural