TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE SCOPE DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENT 12

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2 TABLE OF CONTENTS DOCUMENT CONTROL - EXTERNAL CONTROLLED COPIES 6 DISTRIBUTION LIST 7 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 8 SPILL ACTION PLAN QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE 10 EMERGENCY CONTACTS 11 1 INTRODUCTION PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE SCOPE DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENT Description of Activity Description of the Environment INTEGRATION WITH OTHER PLANS PTTEP AA Plans External Plans 16 2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE ARRANGEMENTS PTTEP AA CRISIS AND EMERGENCY ORGANISATION Emergency Management Team Crisis Management Team CMT and EMT Support Groups STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS AND SPILL RESPONSE AUTHORITIES Definition of Tier Levels Statutory Authority and Combat Agency NOPSEMA AMSA Department of Environment State/Territory Authorities INDUSTRY ARRANGEMENTS Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre (AMOSC) Oil Spill Response Ltd 23 3 INITIAL RESPONSE ACTIONS REPORTING AND NOTIFICATION ESCALATION AND DE-ESCALATION OF RESPONSE TIERS INCIDENT ACTION PLAN 27 4 FATE OF SPILT HYDROCARBONS SPILL SCENARIOS HYDROCARBON PROPERTIES ZONE OF POTENTIAL IMPACT PRIORITIES 35 5 SPILL RESPONSE STRATEGY OVERVIEW OF RESPONSE PLANNING MONITOR AND EVALUATE DISPERSANT 40 Technical# Rev 4 Page 2 of 169

3 5.3.1 Dispersant Decision Process Application Methods IN-SITU BURNING CONTAINMENT AND RECOVERY PROTECTION AND DEFLECTION Offshore Protection and Deflection Shoreline Protection and Deflection SHORELINE CLEAN-UP OILED WILDLIFE Response Structure and Capability Response Activities Equipment and Facilities WASTE MANAGEMENT PTTEP AA OIL SPILL EQUIPMENT Maintenance of Equipment RESOURCES AND MOBILISATION SUMMARY Aircraft Resources Vessel Resources NET ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ASSESSMENT 84 6 OPERATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC MONITORING PROGRAM Implementation Mobilisation 93 7 RESPONSE TERMINATION RESPONSIBILITY FOR TERMINATING THE RESPONSE Tier Tiers 2 and STAND-DOWN PROCEDURES Return of Equipment Debrief COST RECOVERY 96 8 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN PERFORMANCE MEASURES MAINTENANCE OF PTTEP AA RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS Testing Auditing Review and Maintenance Training MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE CONSULTATION REFERENCES ATTACHMENTS ATTACHMENT A - PTTEP AA EMERGENCY CONTACT DIRECTORY ATTACHMENT B EMT ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ATTACHMENT C EMT CHECKLISTS ATTACHMENT D SPILL REPORTING AND NOTIFICATION FORMS 119 Technical# Rev 4 Page 3 of 169

4 10.5 ATTACHMENT E INCIDENT ACTION PLAN PROCEDURE ATTACHMENT F OIL SPILL EQUIPMENT INVENTORY ATTACHMENT G NET ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ASSESSMENT PROCESS ATTACHMENT H BONN APEARANCE CODES ATTACHMENT I ESTIMATING OIL SLICKS AT SEA ATTACHMENT J OPERATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC MONITORING PROGRAM ATTACHMENT K ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION ATTACHMENT L DISPERSANT FIELD TEST PROCEDURE 169 TABLE OF TABLES Table 1-1 PTTEP AA Crisis and Emergency Management Plans Table 1-2 Associated External Plans Table 2-1 Definition of Spill Tiers Table 2-2 Statutory and Combat Agencies in WA, NT and adjacent Commonwealth Waters Table 2-3 Triggers for Statutory Authorities and Support Organisations to join the EMT Table 3-1 Spill Assessment Form Table 3-2 Escalation and de-escalation triggers for oil spill response Table 4-1 Summary of Spill Scenarios Table 4-2 Predicted Shoreline ZPI Contact for all Seasons Table 5-1 Monitor and Evaluate Strategy Summary Table 5-2 Monitor and Evaluate Objectives, Standards and Measurement Criteria Table 5-3 Operational Constraints for Dispersant Application Table 5-4 Dispersant application summary (initial five days of a spill response) Table 5-5 Dispersant Application Strategy Summary Table 5-6 Dispersant application objectives standards and measurement criteria Table 5-7 In-situ Burning Strategy Summary Table 5-8 In-situ Burning objectives, standards and measurement criteria Table 5-9 Operational Constraints for Open Water Containment and Recovery Table 5-10 Containment and Recovery Strategy Summary Table 5-11 Containment and Recovery objectives, standards and measurement criteria Table 5-12 Protection and Deflection Strategy Summary Table 5-13 Protection and Deflection Objectives, Standards and Measurement Criteria Table 5-14 Shoreline Clean-up Methods Table 5-15 Shoreline Clean-up Strategy Summary Table 5-16 Shoreline clean-up performance objectives, standards and measurement criteria Table 5-17 Proposed response activities Table 5-18 Oiled Wildlife Strategy Summary Table 5-19 Oiled wildlife performance objectives, standards and measurement criteria Table 5-20 Segregation of Wastes Table 5-21 Temporary Waste Storage and Handling Table 5-22 Waste performance objectives, standards and measurement criteria Table 5-23 PTTEP AA Response Equipment for Immediate Deployment Table 5-24 Resource and Mobilisation Overview Table 5-25 Aircraft Resources Table 5-26 PTTEP AA Vessel resources (indicative exact vessels may change) Table 5-27 Conceptual NEBA Technical# Rev 4 Page 4 of 169

5 Table 6-1 Operational Monitoring Studies Table 6-2 Scientific Monitoring Studies Table 7-1 Indicative Termination Criteria Table 8-1 Oil Spill Preparedness performance objectives, standards and measurement criteria Table 8-2 Oil Spill Response Training Level for PTTEP AA Table 8-3 Oil Spill Response Training Levels for Offshore Personnel TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1-1 Montara PDW activity location and Key Environmental Features Figure 1-2 Montara PDW activity location and Protected Areas Figure 2-1 PTTEP AA Emergency and Crisis Management Teams and Support Figure 2-2 PTTEP AA Emergency Management Team Structure Figure 3-1 Reporting Sequence for MODU and supply vessels within 500 m of the MODU Figure 3-2 Reporting sequence for supply vessels within the permit area but outside of the 500 m MODU zone Figure 4-1 Annual Zone of Potential Impact surface hydrocarbon moderate exposure (10g/m 2 ) from a 84,966 m 3 subsea release of Montara crude over 77 days Figure 4-2 Predicted movement of an oil spill at 3 days after the initial release for the selected single spill trajectory. Results were calculated from a 84,966 m 3 subsea release of Montara crude over 77 days Figure 4-3 Predicted movement of an oil spill at 7 days after the initial release for the selected single spill trajectory. Results were calculated from a 84,966 m 3 subsea release of Montara crude over 77 days Figure 4-4 Predicted movement of an oil spill at 15 days after the initial release for the selected single spill trajectory. Results were calculated from a 84,966 m 3 subsea release of Montara crude over 77 days Figure 4-5 Predicted movement of an oil spill at 35 days after the initial release for the selected single spill trajectory. Results were calculated from a 84,966 m 3 subsea release of Montara crude over 77 days Figure 5-1 Basic Response Strategy Process Figure 5-2 Dispersant Surface Application Decision Process Figure 5-3 Dispersant Sub-surface Application Decision Process Figure 5-4 Logistics map with aerial support bases, response times Technical# Rev 4 Page 5 of 169

6 DOCUMENT CONTROL - EXTERNAL CONTROLLED COPIES If you become aware of any changes or corrections that are required please photocopy this page and the relevant page(s) requiring correction, mark up the corrections and send them to: Document Control PTTEP Australasia (Ashmore Cartier) Pty Ltd Tel: Name:..... Position:... Organisation:.... OSCP Controlled Copy Number:... Tel:... Fax: Please note the changes to details on the attached pages(s): Section Title:... Sub Section Title:... Page Numbers:... Other Comments: DOCUMENT CONTROL - INTERNAL CONTROLLED COPIES Please use the Change Proposal Management Standard Form M CORP. Technical# Rev 4 Page 6 of 169

7 DISTRIBUTION LIST RECIPIENT PTTEP AA Perth Office Copy No Chief Executive Officer 1 E SSHE Manager 3 E Drilling & Well Services Manager 4 E Drilling SSHE Supervisor 5 H / E Drilling Supervisor 6 E Environmental Advisor 7 H / E C, BS & DI Manager 8 E Perth EMT Emergency Management Team Leader 9 H Crisis Management Room 10 H Emergency Response Room 11 H Darwin Support Darwin Supply & Logistics Base Manager 12 H / E PTTEP AA Offshore Senior Drilling Supervisor 13 H / E Night Drilling Supervisor 14 H / E SSHE Coach 16 H / E Ensco Australia Pty Ltd MODU Manager 17 H HSE Manager 18 H Offshore Installation Manager 19 H Barge Manager 20 H Hard (H) or Electronic (E) Technical# Rev 4 Page 7 of 169

8 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation ALARP AMSA AMOSC Description As Low As Reasonably Practicable Australian Maritime Safety Authority The Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre API Combat Agency CMT CORP cp CWLTH DoE DPaW DSEWPAC/SEWPAC/DoE EMT EP ER ERT FPSO HRs IAP IBC ICT IMO IPIECA ISO ITOPF KG KM M MARPOL MOC MODU MOSES MSDS NAS NATPLAN NEBA American Petroleum Industry The agency (either industry or government) that directs and manages the spill response in certain situations Crisis Management Team Corporate Centipoise Commonwealth Department of Environment Department of Parks and Wildlife Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (now DoE) Emergency Management Team Environment Plan Emergency Response Emergency Response Team Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Facility Hours Incident Action Plan Intermediate Bulk Container Information Communication and Technology International Maritime Organisation International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association International Organisation for Standardisation International Tank Owners Pollution Federation Kilograms Kilometres metres International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Management of Change Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit Marine Oil Spill Equipment System Material Safety Data Sheet National Academy of Science Australian National Plan to Combat Pollution of the Sea and Other Noxious and Hazardous Substances Net Environmental Benefit Assessment Technical# Rev 4 Page 8 of 169

9 Abbreviation Nm NOAA NOPSEMA NRT NT NT DoR NT DoT OIM Description Nautical Miles National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority National Response Team Northern Territory The former Northern Territory Department of Resources Northern Territory Department of Transport Offshore Installation Manager OPGGSA Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 OPGGS(E)R OSCP OSMP OSR OSRICS OSRL OSTM PIC POLREP PPB PTTEP PTTEP AA SARO SITREP SSHE SOPEP Statutory Agency WA WA DoT WESTPLAN WMC ZPI Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Environment) Regulations 2009 Oil Spill Contingency Plan Operational and Scientific Monitoring Programme Oil Spill Response Oil Spill Response Incident Control System Oil Spill Response Limited Oil Spill Trajectory Modelling Person in Charge POLREP Marine Pollution Report Parts Per Billion PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Limited PTTEP Australasia (Ashmore Cartier) Pty Ltd, being the operator or the titleholder of AC/L7 and AC/L8 or being the Australian subsidiaries of PTT Exploration and Production Public Company Limited, as the context requires Search and Rescue Officer Situation Report Safety, Security, Health and Environment Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan State/NT or Commonwealth agency having statutory authority for marine pollution matters in their area of jurisdiction Western Australia Western Australia Department of Transport Western Australian State Emergency Management Plan Waste Management Coordinator Zone of Potential Impact Technical# Rev 4 Page 9 of 169

10 SPILL ACTION PLAN QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Technical# Rev 4 Page 10 of 169

11 EMERGENCY CONTACTS EMERGENCY CONTACT FOR PTTEP AA EMT LEADER DEDICATED EMERGENCY RESPONSE TELEPHONE NUMBER (this will divert to the EMT Leader s Mobile) Mobile OTHER EMERGENCY CONTACTS Agency 24 Hour Number Telephone AMSA (Rescue Coordination Centre) NT DLP Port of Darwin AMOSC NOPSEMA WA DoT Technical# Rev 4 Page 11 of 169

12 1 INTRODUCTION PTTEP AA is engaged in petroleum exploration, development and production activities in the offshore area of the Territory of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands under the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (OPGGS Act) (Cwlth). PTTEP AA is the operator of the Licence Areas AC/L7 and AC/L8 located in the Bonaparte Basin, in the East Timor Sea. 1.1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this OSCP is to detail the procedures and resources through which PTTEP AA will minimise the effect of any marine oil spill from the periodic Montara production drilling and well workovers (PDW) within the Timor Sea. This aim is achieved through the implementation of rapid, effective and appropriate response procedures, in particular: 1.2 SCOPE ensuring that the procedures used by PTTEP AA personnel are consistent with those detailed in the National Plan to Combat Pollution of the Sea by Oil and other Noxious and Hazardous Substances (the NatPlan ), Western Australian Department of Transport (WA DoT) WestPlan and NT Oil Spill Contingency Plan; achieving a full and effective integration and utilisation of PTTEP AA, industry, State/NT and national response resources; and rapid identification of protection and clean-up priorities. This OSCP is designed for use by the PTTEP AA Emergency Management Team. This OSCP applies to all PTTEP AA Montara PDW activities located in the AC/L7 and AC/L8 licence areas, as described in Section 1.3 and in greater detail in Section 4 of the Environment Plan ( for an effective response to an unplanned release of petroleum products or petroleum based chemicals used during the periodic PDW activities. PTTEP AA is the combat agency for all spills associated with the Montara drilling activities with the exception of spills originating from vessels outside of the Montara PDW activities 500 m exclusion zone. The Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) is the designated Combat Agency for all vesselsourced spills in Commonwealth waters. AMSA will assume control upon notification of a vessel incident, as specified in the NatPlan. Therefore, incident planning for vessels outside of the 500 m operations exclusion zone will not be covered in detail in this OSCP. 1.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENT Description of Activity This OSCP deals with spills arising from periodic PDW activities. Refer to Section 4 of the corresponding EP ) for further detail on the nature of drilling and workover activities Description of the Environment A detailed discussion of the local and regional environments, including the location of the physical, biological and socio-economic receptors in the area of interest for operations is include in the EP (Sections 5). The key values and attributes identified at the sensitive receptor locations which may be affected by the activity and have been incorporated into the planning of this OSCP include the following: Technical# Rev 4 Page 12 of 169

13 physical environment: Seabed and water quality; ecological: Benthic communities, shoals, reefs, islands, marine flora, fish, marine reptiles, marine megafauna and seabirds; and socio-economic: Heritage, protected areas, commercial, recreational and traditional fishing and commercial shipping. The location of the key environmental features and protected areas in relation to the Montara PDW activities are shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2 respectively. Technical# Rev 4 Page 13 of 169

14 Figure 1-1 Montara PDW activity location and Key Environmental Features Technical# Rev 4 Page 14 of 169

15 Figure 1-2 Montara PDW activity location and Protected Areas Technical# Rev 4 Page 15 of 169

16 1.4 INTEGRATION WITH OTHER PLANS PTTEP AA Plans This OSCP interfaces with other relevant PTTEP AA crisis and emergency plans as detailed in Table 1-1. Table 1-1 PTTEP AA Crisis and Emergency Management Plans Title Document Number Scope and Function PTTEP AA SSHE Management System PTTEP Crisis Management Plan PTTEP AA Emergency Management PTTEP AA Montara Drilling Environment Plan Vessel SOPEPS As per contractor document control. Describes the way in which security, safety, health and the environment is managed in PTTEP AA. Company-wide plan setting out Crisis Management Team procedures. Covers company-wide emergency management. Integrated with facility and project EMPs. Sets out environmental management requirements for the Montara production drilling and well workovers Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plans as per MARPOL requirements External Plans The OSCP is integrated with a number of government plans as well as oil industry mutual assistance plans. These are listed in Table 1-2. Table 1-2 Associated External Plans Jurisdiction Plan Title Administering Agency Function / Application Industry (all waters) Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre Plan (AMOS Plan) AMOSC Sets out industry arrangements for mutual aid and access to AMOSC resources. Commonwealth of Australia (Commonwealth Waters) National Plan for Maritime Environmental Emergencies (NatPlan) AMSA Sets out oil spill preparedness and response procedures under the National Plan. Northern Territory NT Marine Oil Pollution Manual NT Oil Spill Contingency Plan NT Dept. of Transport Sets out NT arrangements for marine oil spill preparedness and response. NT Wildlife Response Plan for Oil Spills NT NRETAS Implemented by the Oiled Wildlife co-ordinator within the NT Incident Management Team. Western Australia WA Marine Oil Pollution Management Plan (WestPlan-MOP) WA Dept. of Transport Response to oil in WA waters. WA Marine Hazardous Materials Emergency Management Plan (WestPlan-HAZMAT) Response to spills of non-oil chemicals or other hazardous substances. WA Oiled Wildlife Plan WA Dept. Parks and Wildlife Response plan for managing oiled wildlife in Western Australian waters. Technical# Rev 4 Page 16 of 169

17 2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE ARRANGEMENTS 2.1 PTTEP AA CRISIS AND EMERGENCY ORGANISATION Crisis and emergency response is managed by a hierarchy of teams within PTTEP AA, supported by the resources of PTTEP s Head Office in Bangkok, Thailand (Figure 2-1). Figure 2-1 PTTEP AA Emergency and Crisis Management Teams and Support Emergency Management Team The structure and operations of the PTTEP AA EMT are consistent with the Oil Spill Response Incident Control System (OSRICS) as set out in the National Marine Oil Spill Contingency Plan. The EMT addresses tactical response issues in an emergency, interfacing with and providing information to internal and external parties including the CMT, Contractors, Joint Venture Partners and the relevant regulatory authorities. The size and organisation of the EMT will depend on the nature of the incident and the anticipated response. The basic organisation will be as per Figure 2-2. Technical# Rev 4 Page 17 of 169

18 Figure 2-2 PTTEP AA Emergency Management Team Structure The EMT generates tactical objectives, determines response priorities, ensures that emergency response operations are performed in a safe manner, interacts with senior company representatives, relevant regulatory authorities, and the public. The EMT also prompts for personnel, relative and /or media matters through the CMT. In event the EMT is activated, the team shall gather at the Emergency Response Room (Board Room, 1st Floor of PTTEP AA Perth Office). The roles and responsibilities of the Emergency Management Team are nominated from the EMT Duty Roster Group with the roles defined in the PTTEP AA Emergency Management Plan ) and summarised in Attachment B. AMSA and AMOSC will be the key support agencies for Tier 2 and 3 spill scenarios. Support from OSRL will be requested as required. AMSA will provide support as specified under the National Plan arrangements. AMSA will provide a liaison officer to the PTTEP AA EMT to enable this support role. AMOSC will also provide a liaison officer within the EMT, whose role will be to provide technical advice to the EMT Leader, Planning Coordinator and Operations Coordinator, coordinate AMOS Plan resources and manage deployment in cooperation with AMSA liaison officer (for Tier 2 and 3 spills) Crisis Management Team The PTTEP AA CMT is based in Perth and is responsible for proactively identifying and managing strategic issues associated with the incident. The CMT comprises senior PTTEP AA personnel supported by technical specialists as required for the incident. The CMT has the following strategic responsibilities: Technical# Rev 4 Page 18 of 169

19 identify the short and long term strategic implications of the emergency for PTTEP AA corporate image, operability and commercial position; develop, resource and initiate appropriate strategies to limit potentially adverse consequences for PTTEP AA arising from the emergency; and develop and implement a long term recovery plan. The roles of the CMT are detailed in Section 6.5 of the Crisis Management Plan ( ) CMT and EMT Support Groups The emergency support groups provide detailed support to the EMT and CMT on a variety of areas. Under the direction of the EMT Leader they work closely with the EMT and CMT in order to ensure a consistent and comprehensive output. The EMT and CMT support groups are described in Section 6.3 of the PTTEP Emergency Management Plan ) and includes the following to be setup as required: Employee and Relative Response Group; Media and External Affairs Group; Technical Support Group and; Administration Support Group. The EMT leader may also request support from the following personnel: Project Leader Perth; Project Leader corporate; Drilling Team Leader; Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) Leader; and Other service providers as required. 2.2 STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS AND SPILL RESPONSE AUTHORITIES Response and preparedness requirements for potential spills of hydrocarbon resulting from offshore petroleum activities undertaken in Commonwealth waters are provided for under the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 and Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Environment) Regulations 2009 (most notably with regard to Section 14 (8)). This OSCP has been developed to meet the requirements of the OPGGSA and OPGGS(E)R, but also meets the requirements of other relevant Commonwealth and state legislation including: The Protection of the Sea (Prevention of Pollution by Ships) Act 1983 (Cth); and Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) Definition of Tier Levels Under the NatPlan arrangements, oil spills and their response requirements are categorised into three Tiers as summarised in Table 2-1 with the applicable Montara PDW activities potential spill scenarios provided for guidance. The tier, location and trajectory of the spill influences the PTTEP AA and external resources involved in the spill response and notifications required. Technical# Rev 4 Page 19 of 169

20 Table 2-1 Definition of Spill Tiers Tier Tier 1 Approximate Volumes 0-10 tonnes 0 70 bbl 0 10 m 3 Tier tonnes bbl m 3 Tier 3 >1000 tonnes >7000 bbl >1000 m 3 Tier Definition A small spill requiring a local response: The Combat Agency will generally be able to respond to and clean up a spill utilising local resources. A medium spill requiring a regional response and/or national assistance: The resources of the Combat Agency will need to be supplemented by other resources from intrastate and possibly interstate. A large spill requiring national assistance: The Combat Agency will require local, regional, national and possibly international assistance. Applicable Montara Spill Scenarios Flare drop out General operations e.g. hydrocarbon transfers Oily water discharges Fuel spill bunkering /refuelling (crude/diesel max volume 5 m 3 ) Vessel collision and fuel tank rupture (diesel - max volume 80 m 3 ) Loss of well control blow out (crude - max volume 84,966 m 3 ) Statutory Authority and Combat Agency A Statutory Agency and a Combat Agency are designated for spills offshore depending on their size and nature, categorised as either Tier 1, 2 or 3. The Statutory Agency has the remit to monitor the Combat Agency in preparing for and responding to spills and to advise operators on their response. The Combat Agency is the entity having operational responsibility in accordance with the relevant contingency plan. These are detailed in Table 2-2. In the event of an oil spill arising during Montara PDW activities, PTTEP AA will assume Combat Agency responsibilities. Table 2-2 Statutory and Combat Agencies in WA, NT and adjacent Commonwealth Waters Location of Incident Spill Source/ Location Statutory Agency Combat Agency Commonwealth Waters (>3nm offshore) NT Waters (<3nm from land) MODU NOPSEMA PTTEP AA Vessel at sea AMSA AMSA* Vessels at sea NT DoT NT DoT WA Waters (<3nm from land) Vessel at sea WA DoT WA DoT *In the event of a Tier 1 vessel spill within the 500m zone, PTTEP AA will deploy first strike resources to assist spill clean up (refer to Section 5) The provision of resources for any tier of oil spill event response will be coordinated by PTTEP AA EMT. In the event of Tier 2 or 3 responses, PTTEP AA may require support from statutory authorities and support agencies. Technical# Rev 4 Page 20 of 169

21 The support agencies will be requested to join the EMT at the commencement of an incident. Triggers for inviting the support agencies into the EMT are provided in Table 2-3. Table 2-3 Triggers for Statutory Authorities and Support Organisations to join the EMT Support AMSA AMOSC and OSRL WA and NT DoT Trigger to join the EMT Spill response activated or requiring National Plan Resources An event which has, in the opinion of the EMT Leader, the potential to escalate into a Tier 2 or Tier 3 spill Tier 2 or Tier 3 spill requiring AMOSC support and Core Group members or specialist OSRL Resources An event which has, in the opinion of the EMT Leader, the potential to escalate into a Tier 2 or Tier 3 spill Spill has potential to enter WA State / NT Waters In the event of a spill potentially reaching international waters, PTTEP AA will contact the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trading to ensure the appropriate notifications are made NOPSEMA AMSA The function of the NOPSEMA includes regulation of environmental management of offshore petroleum activities in the Commonwealth offshore areas and in coastal waters where State and Northern Territory powers have been conferred. NOPSEMA is the National Authority for offshore petroleum activities and a Statutory Authority under the National Plan. In these roles, NOPSEMA is responsible for the oversight of response actions to pollution events from offshore petroleum operations (excluding vessel-only spills) in areas of Commonwealth jurisdiction. AMSA manages the NatPlan, which has been developed in consultation with State / Northern Territory government, the shipping, oil and gas exploration and production companies, chemical industries and emergency service organisations to maximise Australia s marine pollution response capability. AMSA is responsible for a range of services that are directly relevant to oil spill operations including co-ordination of National Response Team resources (up to 60 people) and the provision and coordination of personnel, equipment and aerial surveillance resources. The NatPlan, incorporating AMSA, State/NT authorities and industry, conducts regular training programs and exercises for personnel likely to be involved in a response to an oil spill in the marine environment. These training programs and exercises are designed to enable Australia to have sufficient numbers of trained personnel to mount a credible and effective response to an oil spill incident during PTTEP AA operations. Training programs are conducted at three levels, which recognise the overall technical complexity of managing an oil spill response and that the associated knowledge required by personnel varies depending on their level of responsibilities. The three levels of training conducted are: Level 1: Operator level personnel, i.e. those undertaking on-site clean-up operations, in a major incident this would also include supervisors appointed as site managers; Level 2: Middle management personnel responsible for managing the operational response, e.g. incident controllers, their deputies and environment and scientific coordinators, and Fire Brigade (Hazardous Materials) specialists; and Level 3: Senior government and industry personnel responsible for high level decision-making in the management of oil or chemical spill incidents. Technical# Rev 4 Page 21 of 169

22 2.2.5 Department of Environment The Department Environment (DoE s) role is to assess projects that may, will or are likely to have a significant impact on matters of national environmental significance. This project was assessed and approved by the delegate of the then Minister for Environment and Heritage on 3 September The DoE also has a role in monitoring compliance with the conditions of approval issued under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999, including compliance with management plans such as Oil Spill Contingency Plans The DoE requires spill incidents of 80L or above to reported within 48 hours of the spill occurring on the Department s Compliance Hotline for this purpose. The phone number is (note that this is not available 24 hours) State/Territory Authorities Northern Territory Department of Transport The Northern Territory Department of Transport (NT DoT) through the Marine Safety Branch is responsible for marine pollution prevention and response activities in the NT. The Marine Safety Branch administers the NT Marine Pollution Act (as in force October 2004). The NT Department of Transport, Marine Branch (DLP Marine) manages marine oil pollution response. The Marine Safety Branch on behalf of the NT DoT is responsible for the NT Marine Pollution Contingency Plan which supports the National Plan. As Statutory Authority for marine oil pollution in NT waters, DLP Marine will: maintain an adequate level of response preparedness in the NT; maintain the NT Plan; monitor all spills and spill responses; provide support for Company Combat Agencies; coordinate the supply of NT equipment and personnel for oil spill response if required; undertake investigations and prosecutions; and facilitate activation of suitable recovery procedures, including: o o o assisting in the recovery of costs on behalf of all participating agencies; facilitating damages claims from the public or commercial operators; coordinate the provision and deployment of NT equipment and personnel contributing to an interstate or Commonwealth response Western Australian Department of Transport The WA DoT is the Hazard Management Authority for oil pollution in WA State waters. The DoT coordinates the State Response Team oil spill response personnel and equipment resources. In the event that an oil spill (for which PTTEP AA is the combat agency) impacts shorelines in WA the DoT will work with PTTEP AA in shoreline operations, and the DoT will define endpoints in liaison with PTTEP AA that are as low as reasonably practical (ALARP). In the event that there is potential for an oil spill to intersect state waters then DoT will implement WestPlan-marine oil pollution (MOP) and oil spill contingency plan. WestPlan-MOP details the management arrangements for preparation and response to a marine oil pollution incident in order to minimise the effects of oil pollution occurring in State Waters. Also relevant are the WA Hazardous Materials Emergency Management Plan (WestPlan-HAZMAT) and WA Oiled Wildlife Plan, administered by the WA Fire and Emergency Services (FESA) and Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) respectively. Technical# Rev 4 Page 22 of 169

23 2.3 INDUSTRY ARRANGEMENTS Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre (AMOSC) Industry assistance is available through the Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre (AMSOC), an industry funded response facility based in Fremantle, Western Australia and Geelong, Victoria. As a member company of AMOSC, PTTEP AA has access to AMOSC s oil spill recovery and response equipment (refer to Attachment F), training, dispersant and technical capabilities along with those resources held by member companies as outlined in the AMOSPlan. The EMT leader has authorisation to request the mobilisation of AMOSC resources. AMOSC support is facilitated through the AMOSPlan using various legal instruments signed by all members. The AMOSPlan also provides a link into the NatPlan (AMSA) resources. AMOSC Core Group of up to 100 personnel re-validate their competencies every 2 years through additional training and exercises at AMOSC and relies on competence based training for its skillbase. This ensures personnel have appropriate training and competency for oil spill response to ensure tasks, for example offshore containment and recovery, shoreline protection and deflection and dispersant operations can be completed effectively. AMOSC Core Group personnel provide the surge capability in response to a Tier 2 or 3 spill. AMOSC will supply a liaison person directly to the EMT to assist the EMT Leader and Planning and Operations Co-ordinators Through PTTEP, PTTEP AA has access to additional oil spill resources through ), which is based in Singapore and Southampton. If required, PTTEP AA has access to 50% of oil spill response equipment (refer to Attachment F). Both the CEO and SSHE Manager have approval to officially request and activate support from in the event of a Tier 3 spill. L can provide up to 32 trained personnel (16 per rotation) to assist with response in the event of an oil spill. These personnel can be mobilised from Singapore to Australia in less than 24 hours. personnel can assist and provide technical advice to the PTTEP AA EMT as required. In addition, these personnel can be mobilised in the field as they are trained in operational activities such as containment and recovery, aerial surveillance, flurometric monitoring, shoreline assessment and clean-up. L can also provide satellite imagery every 12 hours in the event of a spill occurring. If required, AMOSC will coordinate and facilitate EMT. assistance on behalf of the PTTEP AA Technical# Rev 4 Page 23 of 169

24 3 INITIAL RESPONSE ACTIONS This section provides guidance on the immediate response actions in the event of a spill and covers: reporting and notifications: o o o o reporting of spill to the MODU OIM; MODU OIM notifying PTTEP AA Drilling Supervisor immediately; reporting to PTTEP AA, and activation of the EMT; reporting to regulatory agencies; initial assessment of spill; and response escalation and de-escalation. 3.1 REPORTING AND NOTIFICATION All PTTEP AA staff and contractors must report spills or observations of oil or oily substances on the sea immediately to the MODU OIM. On a vessel, the observer must notify the Vessel Master, which in turn will notify the MODU OIM if within the 500 m of the MODU. Reporting and notification shall be in accordance with PTTEP AA s Incident Reporting and Investigation Procedure (S CORP). Spills from the MODU with a response activated or requiring NatPlan resources must be reported to AMSA as soon as possible in readiness for activation of the AMSA support role. A POLREP form (Attachment D) is required to be sent to AMSA by the MODU OIM in order to provide details of the spill. Figure 3-1 outlines the notification process for a spill within the MODU 500 m zone. Figure 3-1 Reporting Sequence for MODU and supply vessels within 500 m of the MODU Technical# Rev 4 Page 24 of 169

25 The MODU OIM will make an initial evaluation and estimation of the magnitude and Tier level of the spill and whether the spill has a potential to escalate to a higher Tier level. The guidance for evaluation of the Tier level is provided in Table 2-1. The MODU OIM will notify the Drilling Supervisor immediately, the Drilling Supervisor will then contact the EMT Leader if EMT assistance is required. The spill assessment form (Table 3-1) should be completed immediately by the MODU OIM to aid the response teams (onsite Emergency Response Team coordinated by MODU OIM and/or EMT under leadership of EMT Leader). Table 3-1 Spill Assessment Form Question Prompt / Answer 1 Name of Reporter 2a 2b Contact Details Telephone No: Bus: A/H: Fax/ 3 Position of observer when sighting made Aircraft Vessel Ground Other (details) 4 Position of the slick 5 Source of spill (if known) 6 7 8a Type of substance spilled (if known) Amount of substance spilled (if known) General 8b Colour Black Brown Rainbow Silver 8c Description of slick Area Other (specify) Length (m) Width (m) Broken up? Yes No 8d Other Windrows (Streaks)? Yes No 9 Direction of slick movement (if known) 10 Weather / sea conditions 11 Other information 12 Name of person receiving report 13 Agency / Division / Role 14 Report to be forwarded to Name Agency Technical# Rev 4 Page 25 of 169

26 NOPSEMA is required to be notified of spills from the Montara PDW activities, the type of spills and required timeframes are detailed below. NOPSEMA s contact number for reporting an environmental incident is Spills from the MODU and vessel spills within the 500 m MODU zone must be reported to NOPSEMA as follows: Spills greater than 80 litres must be reported to NOPSEMA by the MODU OIM verbally within 2 hrs. A written report of the event must be provided to NOPSEMA within 3 days. Spills greater than 80 litres must be reported to the PTTEP AA Drilling Supervisor by the MODU OIM verbally within 2 hrs. Spills less than 80 litres must be reported to the PTTEP AA Drilling SSHE Supervisor who will ensure that NOPSEMA receives a written report within 15 days of the end of the reporting month. All vessel spills, regardless of location, must be reported to AMSA, the combat agency for all Tiers. For support vessel spills under contract by PTTEP AA within the permit area but outside of the 500 m MODU zone, they must report directly to the PTTEP AA Drilling Supervisor as per Figure 3-2. A POLREP form (Attachment D) is required to be sent to AMSA by the vessel master in order to provide details of the spill. AMSA s contact number for reporting any marine pollution is (02) or Figure 3-2 Reporting sequence for supply vessels within the permit area but outside of the 500 m MODU zone If a spill has the potential to enter WA or NT State Waters, the relevant state departments must also be informed by the EMT leader on the below reporting contact numbers. WA DoT: WA DPaW: WA DER: NT DoT: Technical# Rev 4 Page 26 of 169

27 In addition, the DoE requires spill incidents of 80L or above to reported within 48 hours of the spill occurring on the Department s Compliance Hotline for this purpose. The phone number is (note that this is not available 24 hours). 3.2 ESCALATION AND DE-ESCALATION OF RESPONSE TIERS After the spill has initially been reported to the Person in Charge (PIC) (MODU OIM or Drilling Supervisor), the PIC is required to make the initial assessment of the spill tier, and maintain responsibility for de-escalation and termination of the response if Tier 1. The EMT will be responsible for escalation and de-escalation in the event of Tier 2 or 3 spills. The EMT Leader is responsible for defining the response tier upon establishment of the EMT, ongoing assessment of the incident and the defined tier level, including escalation and deescalation considerations, and ultimately terminating the incident response. The escalation and de-escalation response triggers for this OSCP are: Table 3-2 Escalation and de-escalation triggers for oil spill response Escalation Triggers The spill moves or is predicted to move outside of the ZPI De-escalation Triggers Hydrocarbon source is under control A volume greater than 10 m 3 has been released will escalate the spill from Tier 1 to Tier 2 A volume greater than 1000 m 3 has been released will escalate the spill from Tier 2 to Tier 3 incident The NEBA determines that continued response activities will have no further net environmental benefit Endpoint criteria for response strategies in Section 4 have been met The surface slick is predicted to reach a shoreline will escalate the event to a Tier 3 For classification of Tier levels for spills from the PDW activities, refer to Section INCIDENT ACTION PLAN In the event of a Tier 2 or 3 spill, the EMT leader will develop an Incident Action Plan (IAP) (IAP Procedure - Attachment E) with input from supporting units of the EMT team and Planning Coordinator (refer to EMT Role Checklists in Attachment B). The main steps in planning the response and preparing the IAP are: response policy and aim: this is a broad statement of the over-riding aim of the response, it should also set priorities; objectives these comprise a goal statement and indicate desired individual outcomes of the response; describe the strategies these describe how the EMT plan to reach the stated objectives; and methods (tactics) these state how the strategies will be undertaken and may be written as a series of tasks. The IAP is a key step in managing any significant response, recognising that all incidents are different and will be subject to variable factors such as weather, timing (seasons), sea state, duration, size and nature of release. The purpose of the IAP is to consider all of these variable and changing factors, to ensure the response continues to be suitable for the event. There are a range of scenarios that the EMT may need to respond to, and the IAP allows a structured approach to the challenge facing the team, and the resources available to respond to the incident. The Planning Coordinator will ensure monitoring of the IAP with input from the Operations Coordinator and Logistics Coordinator in consultation with the EMT Leader. This includes consolidation of the IAP aims, objectives, strategies and tactics developed by the EMT under the direction of the EMT Leader Technical# Rev 4 Page 27 of 169

28 The IAP will cover operational monitoring and focuses on obtaining timely information such that physical analysis can be carried out to assess efficiency of response or to predict oil behaviour (weathering) or effects. Long term scientific monitoring will be undertaken in accordance with the Operational and Scientific Monitoring Program (Attachment J). It will detail the response mechanisms and priority areas for protection based on the actual circumstances of the event, taking into account the spill trajectory, weather conditions, but also importantly safety considerations. For the PDW activities, given the range of potential impacts from a sub-surface release event, an IAP is a critical step identified in the response strategy. Key activities to be addressed by the IAP include a review of the Net Environmental Benefit Assessment (NEBA) (Section 5), remodelling of oil spill trajectory modelling with relevant spill and environmental data (Section 4), and ongoing consultation with affected/involved parties that may be required (see Section 9 of the Montara Operations EP). To ensure that the IAP is appropriate for the nature of the spill, PTTEP AA proposes to seek the advisory support of technical experts as nominated by AMSA, AMOSC and operators with activities within the ZPI. These experts will provide advice and support to the EMT Leader in the development of an IAP in areas including (but not limited to): monitoring and evaluate; dispersant application; containment and recovery; in-situ burning; shoreline clean-up; environmental monitoring; and other response strategies as appropriate. Technical# Rev 4 Page 28 of 169

29 4 FATE OF SPILT HYDROCARBONS The purpose of this section is to set the context for development of response arrangements outlined in subsequent sections of this OSCP. 4.1 SPILL SCENARIOS As part of the risk assessment process, six potential hydrocarbon spills were identified for Montara PDW activities. The different types of spills could be classified in to three categories being: subsea (crude), surface (diesel) and surface (crude). Further information on the six worst case spill scenarios, associated maximum spill volumes, model settings and assumptions are detailed in Section 7 of the EP and summarised with assessed Tier level below in Table 4-1. Table 4-1 Summary of Spill Scenarios Scenario ID Incident Source/Location Oil Type Maximum Credible Volume (m 3 ) A Flare drop out Well bore clean-up Montara Crude < Tier B C General operations e.g. hydrocarbon transfers Oily water discharges D Fuel spill bunkering /refuelling E F Collision and/or sinking of support vessel leading to tank rupture Loss of well control blow out MODU and Supply Vessels MODU Diesel, lubricating oil, aviation fuel, waste oil Diesel, lubricating oil, waste oil < < MODU Diesel ~ 5 1 Supply Vessel(s) Diesel ~ 80 2 MODU Montara Crude 84,966 (534, 380 bbls) over 77 days 3 Scenarios E (80 m 3 diesel) and F (84,966 m 3 crude) were then modelled as they presented the worst case scenario for the category of spill it represents, consequently providing the worst case Zones of Potential Impact (ZPI). 4.2 HYDROCARBON PROPERTIES PTTEP AA commissioned Asia Pacific Applied Science Associates ( to undertake hydrocarbon spill modelling of two hydrocarbons release scenarios, being Scenario E (80 m 3 diesel vessel collision) and F (84,966 m 3 - loss of well control). As part of this modelling, the characteristic oil properties were defined for the diesel and crude oil. The diesel oil used in the modelling study was based on the formulation used for typical operation of diesel fuel engines in the North West Shelf and Timor Sea. This type of diesel would have an initial API of 38 (or 829 kg/ m 3 ) and a dynamic viscosity of 1.15 cp at 25 o C. Diesel fuel oil only has 5% residual or persistent components when spilled into the marine environment. These persistent hydrocarbons will not readily evaporate with the heavier components tending to entrain in the upper water column as oil droplets in the presence of moderate winds (i.e. >12 knots) and breaking waves, but can re-float to the surface if these energies abate. Technical# Rev 4 Page 29 of 169

30 The use of Montara crude for spill modelling instead of the Skua, Swift and Swallow field oils or a blend is considered conservative due to the more persistent nature of Montara crude (higher density and wax content) than those from Skua, Swift and Swallow fields. The Montara crude is a medium crude oil (API of 35.8, density of 845 kg/ m 3 at 25 C) with a low viscosity (4.5 cp), which is categorised as a Group III oil (ITOPF). The Montara crude has a significant portion of residual components (27%), which means under certain conditions (i.e. exposure to weathering) it can solidify into small waxy flakes. 4.3 ZONE OF POTENTIAL IMPACT Definition of a Zone of Potential Impact (ZPI) allows identification of potential sensitive receptors which may be affected by harmful hydrocarbon concentrations associated with an oil spill in order to manage risks to those receptors to ALARP during a spill response. Section 7 of the EP provides an extensive discussion around the ZPI from both scenario E and F modelled. The ZPI relates to the area that could potentially be impacted by spilled hydrocarbons. The two ZPI s are: surface exposure or within the water column (dissolved and entrained hydrocarbons); and shoreline contact. It is recognised that the spatial extent of the ZPI is influenced by environmental conditions (i.e. wind and currents). To account for these conditions, the potential impact of the spill scenarios have been considered for each of the three main seasons summer, transition and winter. As discussed in section 7 of the EP, the annual sea surface exposure ZPI for the loss of well control features the largest impact envelope and has therefore been used to formulate the response strategies within this plan. This sea surface hydrocarbon exposure is based on a threshold of 10 g/m 2 as this represents surface hydrocarbons viable for response strategies and potential environmental impacts. Small patches of sea surface exposure above the threshold of 10 g/m 2 are located outside of the main ZPI, these spot slicks are of low probability. Dissolved and entrained hydrocarbons have not been presented as part of the ZPI. This is due to their smaller impact envelope as detailed within section 7 of the EP. The discussion of potential impacts of spills from the Montara PDW activities, the Net Environmental Benefit Assessment (NEBA), and development of appropriate response strategies in this OSCP are based on the following sea surface exposure ZPI and associated volumes of stranded oil ashore. Technical# Rev 4 Page 30 of 169

31 Figure 4-1 Annual Zone of Potential Impact surface hydrocarbon moderate exposure (10g/m 2 ) from a 84,966 m 3 subsea release of Montara crude over 77 days. The worst case single scenario from a 84,966 m 3 subsea release of Montara crude over 77 days is illustrated below in Figure 4-2 through Figure 4-5. This worst case single scenario illustrates how distinct spot slicks of surface oil form on the sea surface in the first seven days (Figure 4-2 and Figure 4-3) that exceed 10 g/m 2. After seven days, the frequency of spot slicks with a concentration greater than 10 g/m 2 reduce as the rate of release decreases and the oil becomes influenced by surface winds and currents. As a result of this, a number of response strategies will target the area close to the release site with concentrations of sea surface exposure greater than 10 g/m 2, this will aim to minimise the volume of oil that could reach an environmentally sensitive location. Technical# Rev 4 Page 31 of 169

32 Figure 4-2 Predicted movement of an oil spill at 3 days after the initial release for the selected single spill trajectory. Results were calculated from a 84,966 m 3 subsea release of Montara crude over 77 days. Figure 4-3 Predicted movement of an oil spill at 7 days after the initial release for the selected single spill trajectory. Results were calculated from a 84,966 m 3 subsea release of Montara crude over 77 days. Technical# Rev 4 Page 32 of 169

33 Figure 4-4 Predicted movement of an oil spill at 15 days after the initial release for the selected single spill trajectory. Results were calculated from a 84,966 m 3 subsea release of Montara crude over 77 days. Figure 4-5 Predicted movement of an oil spill at 35 days after the initial release for the selected single spill trajectory. Results were calculated from a 84,966 m 3 subsea release of Montara crude over 77 days. Technical# Rev 4 Page 33 of 169

34 Modelling has shown that if no spill response measures are implemented, the trajectory of the spilled Montara crude has the potential to contact shorelines in proximity to the Montara PDW activities, this forms the shoreline contact ZPI. In the case of a spill, all predicted shoreline contact based on real time modelling will be considered as part of the NEBA process including the operational and scientific monitoring programs. All shoreline contact is considered as part of the ZPI. Shorelines contacted are presented in Table 4-2. Table 4-2 Predicted Shoreline ZPI Contact for all Seasons Shoreline Location Maximum Probability Contact (%) of Minimum Time Before Visible Oil Coming Ashore (hours) Maximum Peak Load on Shoreline (g/m 2 ) Average Load on Shoreline (g/m 2 ) Adele Island 4 (Summer) 1076 (Summer) 788 (Summer) 231 (Summer) Browse Island 42 (Transitional) 373 (Transitional) 3230 (Summer) 592 (Summer) Scott South Scott North Reef Reef Seringapatam Reef 52 (Transitional) 330 (Winter) 3773 (Transitional) 583 (Transitional) 40 (Transitional) 344 (Winter) 7265 (Winter) 186 (Summer) 60 (Winter) 306 (Winter) 5103 (Summer) 407 (Summer) Cartier Island 100 (Winter) 122 (Winter) 6545 (Summer) 916 (Winter) Ashmore Island 100 (Winter) 232 (Winter) 7264 (Transitional) 1227 (Transitional) Hibernia Reef 86 (Transitional) 192 (Winter) 6118 (Winter) 1022 (Winter) Melville Island 48 (Summer) 849 (Summer) 2509 (Transitional) 690 (Transitional) Rote 32 (Transitional) 314 (Transitional) 3657 (Summer) 140 (Winter) Sawu 14 (Winter) 826 (Transitional) 6746 (Transitional) 121 (Transitional) Sumba 16 (Transitional) 669 (Transitional) 1764 (Transitional) 46 (Transitional) Lombok 8 (Transitional) 1067 (Transitional) 559 (Transitional) 14 (Transitional) Sermata 18 (Summer) 715 (Summer) 461 (Summer) 21 (Transitional) Leti 30 (Summer) 592 (Summer) 1008 (Summer) 61 (Transitional) Moa 20 (Summer) 603 (Summer) 945 (Transitional) 114 (Transitional) Masela 10 (Transitional) 1110 (Summer) 561 (Summer) 26 (Summer) Selaru 24 (Summer) 1285 (Summer) 651 (Summer) 21 (Summer) Babar 18 (Summer) 906 (Summer) 300 (Transitional) 12 (Summer) Flores 2 (Winter) 1127 (Transitional) 147 (Winter) 11 (Winter) Yamdena 14 (Summer) 1364 (Summer) 484 (Summer) 13 (Summer) Sandy Islet 20 (Transitional) 579 (Winter) 1851 (Summer) 418 (Summer) Joseph Bonaparte Gulf 6 (Summer) 1591 (Summer) 1465 (Summer) 41 (Summer) Sumbawa 14 (Transitional) 1000 (Transitional) 3227 (Transitional) 177 (Transitional) Nusapenida 6 (Transitional) 1053 (Transitional) 548 (Transitional) 31 (Transitional) Technical# Rev 4 Page 34 of 169

35 Shoreline Location Maximum Probability Contact (%) of Minimum Time Before Visible Oil Coming Ashore (hours) Maximum Peak Load on Shoreline (g/m 2 ) Average Load on Shoreline (g/m 2 ) Bathurst Island 48 (Summer) 918 (Summer) 1850 (Summer) 46 (Summer) Pulau Semau 10 (Transitional) 1162 (Summer) 518 (Summer) 26 (Transitional) West Timor 20 (Summer) 761 (Summer) 639 (Summer) 27 (Summer) East Timor 24 (Summer) 857 (Summer) 1994 (Summer) 16 (Summer) Pulau Dana 32 (Transitional) 283 (Transitional) 2054 (Summer) 177 (Winter) Raijua 8 (Transitional) 1136 (Summer) 322 (Winter) 45 (Winter) Alor 8 (Summer) 1362 (Summer) 241 (Summer) 18 (Summer) Wetar 20 (Summer) 839 (Summer) 567 (Summer) 26 (Summer) Liran 4 (Summer) 1797 (Summer) 131 (Summer) 23 (Summer) Pulau Kisar 26 (Summer) 749 (Summer) 1180 (Summer) 86 (Summer) Romang 12 (Summer) 1332 (Summer) 1547 (Summer) 54 (Transitional) Nyata 2 (Transitional) 2060 (Transitional) 662 (Transitional) 46 (Transitional) Dai 2 (Summer) 1183 (Summer) 162 (Summer) 12 (Summer) Papua 6 (Summer) 2010 (Summer) 328 (Summer) 5 (Summer) Kepulauan Aru 2 (Summer) 1861 (Summer) 118 (Summer) 3 (Summer) Christmas Island 18 (Winter) 1460 (Winter) 1478 (Winter) 37 (Winter) The minimum predicted time oil could be sighted on the shoreline was 122 hours (or 5.1 days) at Cartier Island under winter, 249 hours (or 10.4 days) under transitional conditions and 315 hours (13.1 days) under summer. 4.4 PRIORITIES In the event of a spill, PTTEP AA in accordance with AMSA guidance, will be guided by the following priorities: human health and safety; habitat and cultural resources; rare and/or endangered flora and fauna; commercial resources; and amenities. The EP assessed all locations and sensitivities that could be impacted in the event of a spill, with consideration of the maximum average loads and minimum times to contact. Many locations will potentially be impacted in the event of a loss of well control. The following three environmentally sensitive locations have been identified an assigned as priority locations for protection in the event of a spill based on the sensitivities, loads ashore and times to contact. These are: Ashmore Reef; Cartier Island; and Hibernia Reef. Technical# Rev 4 Page 35 of 169

36 5 SPILL RESPONSE STRATEGY 5.1 OVERVIEW OF RESPONSE PLANNING This section details the priorities, equipment, resources and response strategies that would be deployed in the event of a spill during Montara PDW activities. Response strategies have been developed on the basis of predictive modelling and experience from the Montara drilling incident in As Section 4.3 detailed, the single case trajectory provides a basis for planning a response strategy as it demonstrates the characteristics of the hydrocarbons. The modelling illustrates how the subsea release produces spot slicks of oil with a concentration of greater than 10 g/m 2 for the first seven days. The characteristics of the oil to form spot slicks is accounted to the high release rate estimated for a well blowout scenario. The response strategies have therefore been developed to target these areas and reduce the volume of oil that could potentially travel and contact shorelines. After seven days, the frequency of spot slicks of greater than 10 g/m 2 are limited and it is only the area in close proximity to the release site that features unweathered crude with sea surface exposures of greater than 10 g/m 2. This has been utilised to determine the extent of response strategies required and enables the resources for each strategy to be evaluated. As was undertaken during the Montara incident in 2009, the oil spill modelling outputs may require reassessment, using revised real-time modelling and observation of the spill. In a spill event, the spill trajectory, size, spill event time/season may result in a different impact than the scenarios provided in this document. Any such re-work would be incorporated into an IAP as detailed in section 3.4. The response strategies that may be implemented are dependent on the volume of hydrocarbon, location of the spill event, environmental conditions at the time of the spill, and sensitivities in the ZPI. There are eight potential response options: 1. Monitor and Evaluate: this is applicable to all spill scenarios. In the event that a surface spill does not threaten any environmental sensitivity, it may be the only strategy that is deployed. 2. Dispersant Application: samples of Montara hydrocarbons have undergone weathering and dispersant testing. During a Tier 3 spill incident, dispersant amenability testing and a NEBA assessment will be undertaken to confirm the applicability of the strategy. This strategy is likely to be the primary strategy for the reduction of hydrocarbons reaching environmental sensitivities. 3. In-situ Burning: this strategy may be considered in the event of a loss of well control if there are high concentrations of surface oil on the sea surface and the environmental conditions are suitable. 4. Containment and Recovery: this strategy may be useful to recover any persistent weathered residues floating on the sea surface and prevent them from reaching shore providing sea states permit. Weathering assessment of Montara crude oil samples have been undertaken to determine the properties of the weathered product, in addition to the observations of weathering during the Montara incident in 2009, these are detailed in the EP. 5. Protection and Deflection: this strategy will only be deployed when surface hydrocarbons threaten environmental sensitivities due to the failure or inability to deploy dispersant application and/or containment and recovery techniques. A NEBA assessment will determine whether deployment of the strategy will have an overall environmental benefit to protecting shorelines which may be sensitive to the protection and deflection activities. 6. Shoreline Clean-up: this is a strategy of last resort and will only be deployed in the event of surface hydrocarbons impacting shorelines. A NEBA assessment will determine whether deployment of the strategy will have an overall benefit to shorelines (which may be sensitive to shoreline clean-up techniques). Technical# Rev 4 Page 36 of 169

37 7. Oiled Wildlife Response: this strategy will be considered for deployment where surveillance activities identify marine fauna that may be impacted by the spill. 8. Waste Management: this strategy will be required to support all active response strategies. For all tiers, source control is undertaken to ensure no further release of hydrocarbons to the marine environment. The process in which these response strategies will be considered is illustrated in Figure 5-2. These strategies can be implemented concurrently depending on the location and characteristics of the spill. The viability of implementing response strategies will be dependent on a number of factors including but not limited to environmental conditions, resources available and distance from sensitivities. Development of an Incident Action Plan (section 3.4) will assess these various factors. A Net Environmental Benefit Assessment (as detailed in section 5.10) will be undertaken frequently to determine which response strategies will provide a net environmental benefit to the environmentally sensitive locations that may be impacted. All viable strategies will be implemented until their performance objectives are satisfied. Figure 5-1 Basic Response Strategy Process 5.2 MONITOR AND EVALUATE The ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the oil spill is essential to maintaining situational awareness. Situational awareness based on the likely fate and trajectory of the spilt oil is fundamental to putting in place an oil spill response that will be efficient and effective. Technical# Rev 4 Page 37 of 169

38 Based on the ZPI, PTTEP AA will use a variety of methods to gain and maintain situational awareness of the spill. Operational monitoring may also commence at this point if triggered (refer Section 7). Monitoring and evaluation will be undertaken for any tier spill to sea during Montara PDW activities in order to monitor the location of the spill and state of natural weathering. There are four key sources for monitoring a spill: real time oil spill trajectory modelling (OSTM); satellite tracking buoys; observations from a vessel; and aerial surveillance. Real time oil spill trajectory modelling will be used to estimate the likely movement and behaviour of the spill and will be verified by field observations. The oil spill trajectory modelling will be sourced from within 24 hours using their 24/7 emergency capability and the location of the slick predicted by oil spill trajectory modelling will be verified by field observations. Preliminary estimations using visual observations from the field and manual calculations will be available within approximately 3 hrs to inform the mobilisation of equipment and resources in preparation for potential response strategies. Satellite tracking buoys are also available in the field (two on the MODU support vessel) and will be deployed in the event of a Tier 2 or 3 spill. One buoy will be deployed from the support vessel at the leading edge of the spill plume within 3 hours of the spill event in order to: monitor movement of surface oil; and qualify and assist surveillance monitoring. To access tracker buoy data go to website: Resources available to respond to a spill requiring monitoring and evaluation (Tier 1, 2 and 3 spills) are given in Table 5-1 with the minimum standard for resource mobilisation time post activation by the EMT. Vessel surveillance will involve visual monitoring from the MODU and from vessels of opportunity, which may be engaged immediately in the event of a spill. Vessel surveillance may assist in determining if additional response actions are required. Vessel surveillance will incorporate Operational monitoring studies as outlined in Section 6; this will involve various monitoring and sampling methodologies of water to determine the extent of surface, entrained and dissolved hydrocarbons in the water column and near sensitive receptors. Guidelines on how to estimate spill volumes at sea are provided in Attachment I. Aerial surveillance will be undertaken for Tier 2 and 3 level spills. Visual observations may be undertaken from specially mobilised aircraft. Procedures for visually tracking the movement and behaviour of the spill are provided in Attachment I. Trained observers are to be present on the surveillance aircraft. Trained observers will be sourced from AMOSC, AMSA and OSRL to undertake the required aerial surveillance in the event of a spill. Aerial surveillance may assist in determining if additional response actions are required. Minimum requirements are: 1 x visual observer; 1 x aircraft (helicopter or fixed wing); and 1 x aerial support base (Truscott airfield). Technical# Rev 4 Page 38 of 169

39 If aerial surveillance is required, an over-flight schedule is developed by the EMT. The frequency of flights will be sufficient to ensure that the information collected during each flight (i.e. observer log and spill mapping) meets the information needs to validate dispersion of the spill. During each flight a photographic record and marine fauna sighting record sheet is completed for each marine fauna sighting made and recorded on the observer log. Aerial surveillance would be used at the start of spill to assess trajectory of spill (in conjunction with revised real-time spill modelling) data collected is vital to developing of operational IAPs and deciding on appropriate initial and ongoing responses. It would also be used during the response to monitor ongoing spill trajectory, changes to spill and visual effectiveness and assessment of response strategies used. Initial reconnaissance may be basic, whilst later observations may require more skill/calculations to estimate behaviour, therefore trained observers are critical. For surveillance tasks, aircraft will have: good downward visibility (e.g. helicopters or fixed wing aircraft with an over-fuselage wing); if acting in support of marine response, aircraft should be equipped with radios that allow direct communications with the vessels or other aircraft that are carrying out the spraying; space for observers, excluding pilot(s); visibility from both sides; pilot-observer and pilot to vessel communications; and navigational aids to follow proposed flight path. This strategy is summarised in Table 5-1, highlighting the minimum time standard for deployment upon activation, and the objectives, standards and measurement criteria are provided in Table 5-2. Table 5-1 Monitor and Evaluate Strategy Summary Task Outcome Resources Minimum standard Visual observation from MODU Identify extent and direction of oil, visual characteristics Manual calculations estimating likely spill trajectory and time scales to contact environmental sensitivities 1 x on-site observer Immediate (visual observations) Within 3 hours (spill trajectory calculations) Visual observation from vessels of opportunity/support vessels Identify extent and direction of oil, visual characteristics Vessel x 2 (refer to section ) Observer x 2 Within 24 hours Oil Spill Trajectory Modelling Forecast the behaviour of the surface slick. Identify and assess risks to environmental sensitivities within the ZPI. Inform development of the IAP. Within 24 hours Satellite tracking buoys Identification of the leading edge/rear edge of the spill and inform aerial surveillance 1 x Tracker Buoy - deploy from support vessel Deploy within 3 hour and continual tracking thereafter Visual observation from aircraft/helicopter Identify extent and direction of oil, visual characteristics Trained observer x 1 Aircraft x 1 Within 24 hours Technical# Rev 4 Page 39 of 169

40 (Air North Fixed Wing Aviation) Aerial support base x 1 (Truscott airbase) Determination of surface and dispersed oil trajectory and fate Identify the likely trajectory and fate of the spill and dispersed oil, timeframes for the oil (surface or dispersed) to interact with environmental sensitivities 1 x person onsite with oil spill assessment training Within 24 hours of OSTM being undertaken Satellite imagery High fidelity photographs using different spectrums to identify the trajectory of the oil. OSRL Within 24 hours and every 24 hours thereafter Visual observation from chartered vessels Identify extent and direction of oil, visual characteristics. Vessel x 1 (refer to section ) Observer x 1 < 72 hours Table 5-2 Monitor and Evaluate Objectives, Standards and Measurement Criteria Performance Objective Monitor and evaluate response strategy will be undertaken to identify extent and direction of spill Standard If Winds <15 kts and Sea State <2m, vessel surveillance will be undertaken within 24 hours of spill notification Aerial surveillance requested by EMT Aerial surveillance observer log completed for each flight and sent to EMT until no observed rainbow or metallic sheen, discontinuous or continuous true oil colour can be seen as per the Bonn Agreement Oil Appearance Code Assessment of spill trajectory via OSTM within 24 hrs of spill and daily during response Satellite tracking buoys deployed within 3 hour of Tier 2 or 3 spill notification OSMP undertaken when triggered to identify sensitivities at risk and inform NEBA Measurement Criteria Incident log records weather conditions and vessel surveillance activation within 24 hours of notification Incident log records request for aerial surveillance Aerial surveillance observer log completed for every flight undertaken Incident log Aircraft and/or helicopter log Agreement with OSTM reports provided to EMT until termination of aerial/vessel surveillance Incident log indicates tracking buoys were deployed within 3 hour of spill notification Satellite tracking data and reports Operational monitoring reports completed as identified by the OSMP 5.3 DISPERSANT Dispersants act by allowing hydrocarbons to be mixed into the upper layers of the water column, which accelerates the biodegradation process. Dispersants are considered to be a potentially effective option to reduce the size of the spill in a short duration, where containment and recovery of hydrocarbons is not possible because of sea state or location, and can be used on spot slicks to minimise hydrocarbons reaching sensitive shoreline resources and habitats. Due to the remote nature of the Montara PDW activities, dispersant application will be a key response strategy. Aerial application will enable the dispersant to be applied as close to the spill source as possible, consequently being as far from any environmental receptors as possible. Technical# Rev 4 Page 40 of 169

41 Subsurface dispersant application will be considered, however well blowout scenarios that are suitable for the subsurface dispersant application are minimal and mobilisation times are longer than that for aerial dispersant application. Dispersant application will reduce the quantity of surface oil which may impact priority environmental sensitivities such as Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Hibernia Reef. Dispersants were used effectively throughout the Montara drilling incident in 2009, where approximately 184 m 3 was applied to the Montara Crude, consequently reducing the volume of surface oil. Dispersants selected for a response will be those which have been tested and approved by AMSA for efficacy and toxicity, and are listed on the Oil Spill Control Agent Register. As of the 23 rd August 2013, current dispersants listed on the Oil Spill Control Agent Register are: Dasic Slickgone NS; and Dasic Slickgone EW. Efficacy of dispersants against the Montara crude will be determined for all dispersants as they are listed on the OSCA register. Efficacy testing will be undertaken using the McKay test procedure for relevant conditions prior to use. This will provide a ranking of dispersants based on their efficacy against the Montara crude. If the dispersant is more than 25% effective in the laboratory test, it will be deemed suitable for application subject to field tests. Field tests will be undertaken in the event dispersant is to be applied during a spill. The effectiveness of dispersant application will be monitored (in accordance with OSMP Study 4) continuously in the field, and the use of dispersant will be modified accordingly based on conditions in the field at the time. PTTEP AA commissioned dispersant testing on Montara crude which assessed the efficacy of Dasic Slickgone NS and Nalco Corexit 9500A dispersant in conditions representative of winter and summer seasons, the results indicated that dispersant efficacy is a minimum of 73% at 12 hours and remains a minimum of 68% for summer and winter within 24 hours, after 24 hours the efficacy gradually decreases due to the weathering (increased pour point and viscosity) of the oil (Leeder, 2013). The summer and winter seasons were tested for efficacy as they were representative of the minimum and maximum conditions (water, air temperature and wind speed) in the Timor Sea. A wind speed of 4 knots was selected as this is the lowest wind speed at which dispersant application would commence in the field. This wind speed is considered conservative for determining dispersant efficacy due to minimal mechanical mixing, a higher wind speed (ie. increased mechanical mixing) would consequently result in a higher efficacy. The weather conditions used for each season are summarised below: Winter: o Water Temperature 27ºC o Air Temperature 26ºC o Wind speed 4 knots Summer: o Water Temperature 31ºC o Air Temperature 29ºC o Wind speed 4 knots Therefore dispersant application in the event of a spill would primarily focus on crude with less than 24 hours of weathering. The toxicity testing requirements for AMSA approval are detailed in the AMSA Test Protocol OSCA 1.1 Mackay Dispersant Performance Test for the Register of Oil Spill Control Agents (AMSA, December 2012). These requirements include the use of a NATA (or equivalent) accredited laboratory and endorsed tests (as per ISO17025), ANZECC compliant tests, Australian test species and QA/QC validation. The criteria for acceptance for dispersants is a 96 hour EC 50 value (or Technical# Rev 4 Page 41 of 169

42 equivalent) of 10 mg/l (10 ppm) or above for the Group 1 and 2 test species (crustacean and fish larvae). PTTEP AA has reviewed these requirements and considers them to be appropriate for the selection of dispersants. In addition to this, the dispersant will be subject to the PTTEP AA chemical selection process (refer to EP) to ensure the impacts to the environment are acceptable and ALARP. PTTEP AA commissioned to undertake a dispersant modelling study for the loss of well control scenario. Modelling of the loss of well control indicated that in the first seven days there are spot slicks of greater than 10 g/m 2 which travel up to 60 km from the release site. The frequency of these spot slicks reduces after seven days as a result of a decreasing release rate from the well. The dispersant modelling focussed on dispersant application within a 26 km radius (total area km 2 ) around the MODU. This area was defined as the primary dispersant application zone as it focusses on crude within 24 hours of release and avoids any direct dispersant application over shoals. Further detail on dispersant applications zones are provided below. Criteria within the modelling were set to the operational constraints surrounding aerial and marine dispersant application, some of which are detailed in Table 5-3. Table 5-3 Operational Constraints for Dispersant Application Response Strategy Constraint Sea State (1) Current (Knots) (2) Wind (Knots) Vessels Other Aircraft Range Beaufort scale (1). (2) 1 Knot = 0.5 m/s or 1.8 km/hour approximately. (3) cst = Centistokes. Sea State 4 from the Beaufort scale has been selected as the cut-off point. The dispersant does not remain in contact with the oil for sufficient duration to work effectively and spraying from a vessel is therefore inefficient. Note that flat calm weather conditions will inhibit the efficiency of dispersant application because some natural mixing is required. If dispersant spraying is still justified in these conditions, this can be overcome through using the response vessels to mix the slick with propeller wash. Modelling indicates that the maximum volume of dispersant applied on a worst case shoreline contact scenario would be a total 900 m 3 of dispersant over the modelled spill duration of 77 days, with a peak rate of dispersant required being 26 m 3 on day one, reducing to 5 m 3 of dispersant required by day 70. Within the first week of response, dispersant application rates will be limited by the mobilisation and capacity of resources available. By day 3 of the spill, the required resources will be in place to achieve the expected dispersant application rate of 18 m 3, this gradually reduces down to 12 m 3 by day 7 of the spill response. In the modelling, dispersant was applied in a 26 km zone surrounding the MODU. The following assumptions were made: oil thickness on the sea surface was equal to or above 10 g/m 2 ; dispersant application was not undertaken when wind speeds were less than 3 knots as there is insufficient energy at the air/water interface to aid in mixing and diluting the dispersed oil in the upper water column; dispersant application was not undertaken when wind speeds were above 27 knots, wind speeds above this make dispersant operations unsafe or make targeted application ineffective. In addition, breaking waves are expected in wind speeds above 27 knots, this should naturally entrain the surface oil; dispersant application occurred only during daylight hours; aerial dispersant application did not commence until after 24 hours, to allow for mobilisation of tractor/thrush aircraft to Truscott airbase; Technical# Rev 4 Page 42 of 169

43 for conservative modelling purposes, marine dispersant application did not commence until 6 days after commencement of the spill to allow for mobilisation from Darwin. Based on the above assumptions a maximum of 14% of the total spill volume (12,197 m 3 ) was able to be dispersed. The total volume of dispersant required was then calculated as being 900 m 3 based on the application ratio of 1:20 (dispersant to oil) and an effectiveness of 68% which was derived from the dispersant efficacy testing undertaken on the Montara crude. This level of application resulted in a 56% reduction of shoreline volumes from the ZPI compared with no response strategies implemented. The strategy for dispersant application in the first 5 days of a spill response is summarised below in Table 5-4. Table 5-4 Dispersant application summary (initial five days of a spill response) Day Predicted Dispersant Required Availability and Mobilisation Schedule Day 1 26 m 3 Drilling support vessel commence spraying - 2 m 3 (refer to section 5.3.2) If available, support vessel can be loaded with Montara Venture FPSO oil spill container and apply dispersant - 2 m 3 (refer to section 5.3.2). Commence mobilisation of air tractors and dispersant stocks to Truscott airbase. Day 2 21 m 3 One air tractor arrives at Truscott. Commence application of 5 m 3 PTTEP AA stocks stored at Truscott. Minimum of 18 m 3 dispersant arrives via aircraft (Hercules C- 130, Ilyushin Il-76 or Antonov An m 3 per load) at Truscott from national stockpiles (Darwin-32 m 3 ; Exmouth-30 m 3 ; Fremantle 48 m 3 ; Brisbane-91 m 3 ; Geelong-71.4 m 3 refer to section 5.3.2). Arrival of two additional air tractors at Truscott. Day 3 18 m 3 Three air tractors commence dispersant application 18 m 3 Minimum of 16 m 3 dispersant stocks arrive at Truscott via aircraft from national stockpiles (Darwin-32 m 3 ; Exmouth-30 m 3 ; Fremantle 48 m 3 ; Brisbane-91 m 3 ; Geelong-71.4 m 3 refer to section 5.3.2). Continue building dispersant stockpile at Truscott to support ongoing aerial dispersant application. Slicks that have travelled outside of the Green Zone in the first two days, and are located within the Amber Zone will be assessed for dispersability via a NEBA (refer to section ). Day 4 16 m 3 Three air tractors continue dispersant application 16 m 3 Minimum of 15 m 3 dispersant stocks arrive at Truscott via aircraft from national stockpiles (Darwin-32 m 3 ; Exmouth-30 m 3 ; Fremantle 48 m 3 ; Brisbane-91 m 3 ; Geelong-71.4 m 3 refer to section 5.3.2). Continued building of dispersant stockpile at Truscott to support ongoing aerial dispersant application. Day 5 15 m 3 Three air tractors continue dispersant application 15 m 3 Truscott dispersant resupplied from national and international stocks that have been mobilised to Darwin (refer to section 5.3.2). Deployed Dispersant 4 m 3 5 m 3 18 m 3 16 m 3 15 m 3 Technical# Rev 4 Page 43 of 169

44 Based on the above dispersant application rates and mobilisation times for resources to support a response, sufficient stocks of approved dispersant are available through existing PTTEP AA, AMSA, AMOSC, stocks and the establishment of the manufacturers supply (refer to section 5.3.2) in the event of a well blowout Dispersant Decision Process Surface Application A decision to apply dispersants will only be taken if the NEBA concludes that the environmental benefit of a reduction in surface hydrocarbons to shore exceeds the environmental impact of the increased concentrations of entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics in the water column at sensitive locations (in the event of a marine diesel spill, the light and highly evaporative nature of marine diesel renders the use of dispersants undesirable as the slick is often too thin for application). Based on undertaken for dispersant application, a positive net environmental benefit was identified if undertaken within the applied 26 km application zone from the release site (refer to EP for detailed assessment). The following dispersant application process has been formulated to assist in the event of a spill (Figure 5-2). Technical# Rev 4 Page 44 of 169

45 Figure 5-2 Dispersant Surface Application Decision Process 1. Assess whether the spill trajectory has the potential to impact sensitive locations through either manual calculations or via and commence oil spill trajectory modelling. 2. Rapid qualitative field tests and visual observations for dispersant effectiveness will be carried out in the early phase of the spill using test kit onboard the support vessel (results are anticipated within 6 hours) and in accordance with AMSA Field Test for the Effectiveness of Dispersants Procedure outlined in Attachment L. a. Effectiveness of the dispersant on the oil will then be backed up by the laboratory tests and the operation can be continued or discontinued as indicated by a NEBA assessment. Laboratory tests will be used to confirm the amenability of samples of the surface slicks to the dispersants and results would be available in approximately seven days. Dispersant amenability testing will be undertaken through either Intertek Geotech or Leeder Analytical. Technical# Rev 4 Page 45 of 169

46 3. Dispersant application would only be considered if the outcome provides a net environmental benefit i.e. when the potential impacts to shorelines from not applying dispersant is far greater than the resultant impacts due to increasing entrained and dissolved hydrocarbons within the water column. The modelling is not required prior to the use of surface dispersant application in the Green Zone based on the risk assessment indicating a net environmental benefit based on available information, in particular the trajectory heading towards sensitive receptors. When available, will be used to inform ongoing NEBA assessments of the strategy, including: a. the potential for environmental sensitivities to be contacted by entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics above the impact thresholds of 9,600 ppb.hrs and 4,800 ppb.hrs respectively as a result of the sub surface application; and b. the reduction in exposure of sensitive receptors (ie surface oil and shorelines) as a result of dispersant application 4. A test spray run either via marine vessel or aircraft (swath 100 m long) will be conducted prior to moving to full dispersant operations with the outcomes reported back to the EMT leader. Full dispersant operations will commence once this test run has been reported achieving dispersion, which will be determined by parties monitoring the test run in the field. Monitoring will look for: a. a visible coffee coloured cloud in the water column; b. a difference in the appearance of treated and untreated slicks; c. slick remains entrained after 5, 10 and 15 minutes. 5. Dispersant application is to continue, with implementation of OSMP Protocol 4 Monitoring of Dispersant Efficiency and Fate of Dispersed Hydrocarbons until the termination criteria are met (refer to section 7.1.2). This includes continued assessment of efficacy throughout the dispersant operation. OSMP Protocol 4 specifies dispersant monitoring through the following methods. a. visual monitoring (including photographs); b. fluorometer readings; c. water samples (in parallel with OSMP Protocol 2 Monitoring of Hydrocarbon Character and Fate ); and d. Oil Spill Trajectory Modelling based on real time data from the spill event. If possible, small volumes onboard the Montara Venture FPSO can be offloaded on to a supply vessel and sprayed initially on the fresh crude whilst waiting for aerial dispersant to arrive from Truscott Airbase in northern Western Australia. In the event of a spill, three dispersant application zones will be established, these are: Green Zone: This zone is within a 26 km radius of the MODU and ensures dispersant usage as close to the source as possible to allow maximum time for dispersal. This zone is to target fresh oil and achieve a high effectiveness of application. Amber Zone: Spot slicks outside of the Green Zone may be targeted if heading towards a sensitive receptor; however a NEBA will be undertaken to determine whether there will be a net environmental benefit of dispersing the slick. Red Zone: This zone defines the exclusion zones in which no dispersant is to be applied. o o o o not within waters less than 20 m deep; not within 3 nm of shorelines, State and Commonwealth Marine Reserves; not within waters with benthic habitats (corals, seagrass) or coral and fishing spawning areas; and not within 1 km of shoals. Technical# Rev 4 Page 46 of 169

47 The above zones are considered conservative in ensuring that the impacts of the dispersed oil do not impact sensitive locations. It is considered that only no significant impacts are likely to occur deeper than 10 m if applied in open ocean waters. The 1 km buffer zone is selected to ensure a conservative approach to the shoals. The 3 nm zone from shorelines and marine reserves will ensure that dispersed oil in the upper water column is adequately dispersed in open ocean waters prior to contacting these sensitivities Subsurface Application The use of subsurface dispersant injection systems was also considered. In order to respond to a threatened or actual subsea oil discharge or well control incident (Subsea Incident), various members of the Australian petroleum industry including PTTEP AA as well as AMOSC have entered into an agreement dated 27 February 2013 under which these members including PTTEP AA have set up a subsea first response toolkit Foundation (SFRT Foundation) and have established a subsea first response toolkit comprising the relevant equipment, consumables and material (SFRT Equipment) and the relevant dispersant (SFRT Dispersant) to be procured, managed and maintained by AMOSC and funded by the SFRT Foundation. Under this Agreement PTTEP AA can use this SFRT for the purposes of responding to a Subsea Incident at the proposed well locations, or for training purposes access from AMOSC the SFRT Equipment and SFRT Dispersant by entering into a SFRT Services contract with AMOSC (subject to availability including any prior deployment and agreed rules of priority). This has the potential for deployment to an incident with future workovers at subsea wells. The American Petroleum Industry has recently developed a large scale, multiple year Subsea Dispersant Program to study the effectiveness of subsea injection over a range of conditions. Modelling upgrades to better predict fate of oil dispersed subsea are currently under investigation therefore careful consideration is required prior to implementing subsea dispersant injection (API, 2013). Consideration of subsea dispersant injection would occur for this activity based on real time information on the blowout event including release rate, dispersant volumes and expected dispersant efficacy at depth with considerations of droplet size in particular. Potential impacts would be thoroughly evaluated to fully inform a NEBA of the strategy including fate modeling prior to implementation to enable detailed evaluation of, and to minimize, the risk to both shorelines and submerged habitats. These are summarised in Figure 5-3 the Dispersant Sub-surface application decision process. Technical# Rev 4 Page 47 of 169

48 Figure 5-3 Dispersant Sub-surface Application Decision Process The following steps for subsurface dispersant application are described below and are contingent on SFRT being deemed feasible on an operational and technical basis: 1. Assess whether the spill trajectory has the potential to impact sensitive locations through immediate manual calculations. a. Manual calculations will be backed up by oil spill trajectory modeling to predict fate of oil based on spill details and metocean conditions. Technical# Rev 4 Page 48 of 169

49 2. Commence mobilisation of SFRT equipment and resources. 3. Laboratory tests will be used to evaluate the efficacy of the dispersant and results would be available within approximately seven days Dispersant amenability testing will be undertaken through either Intertek Geotech and/or Leeder Analytical (see contact details in Attachment G) and inform the Oil Spill Trajectory Modelling undertaken to fully assess the potential impacts. 4. Oil Spill Trajectory Modelling (OSTM), utilising the efficacy test results and real time information of the spill, undertaken prior to use of subsea application to inform a detailed risk assessment and NEBA. Oil Spill Trajectory Modelling of subsurface dispersant application should assess: a. the potential for environmental sensitivities to be contacted by entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics above the 9,600 ppb.hrs and 4,800 ppb.hrs respectively as a result of the sub surface application; and b. the reduction in environmental impact from surface oil reaching environmental sensitivities. 5. Dispersant application would only be considered if the outcome provides a net environmental benefit i.e. when the potential impacts to shorelines is far greater than the resultant impacts due to increasing entrained and dissolved hydrocarbons within the water column. 6. Dispersant application is to continue with implementation of OSMP Protocol 4 Monitoring of Dispersant Efficiency and Fate of Dispersed Hydrocarbons until the termination criteria are met (refer to Section 7.1.2). OSMP Protocol 4 specifies dispersant monitoring through the following methods: a. visual monitoring (photographs); b. fluorometer readings; and c. water sampling (in parallel with OSMP Protocol 2 Monitoring of Hydrocarbon Character and Fate. d. Oil Spill Trajectory Modelling based on real time data from the spill event Application Methods The following section provides a summary of the aerial, marine and subsurface dispersant application methods. It outlines the resources that PTTEP AA has available and minimum timeframes for mobilisation based on a well blowout scenario. Dispersant stockpiles available as of the 26 September 2013: PTTEP AA Slickgone NS dispersant (Total - 15 m 3 ); o Truscott airbase 5 m 3 o Montara Venture FPSO 2 m 3 o Darwin Supply Base 8 m 3 AMSA s Slickgone NS dispersant stockpile; o Darwin stockpile (32 m 3 ); o Fremantle stockpile (48 m 3 ); o Gladstone stockpile (5 m 3 ); o Brisbane stockpile (91 m 3 ); AMOSC s Slickgone NS dispersant stockpile ; o Exmouth stockpile (30 m 3 ); and o Geelong stockpile (71.4 m 3 ). L Slickgone NS dispersant stockpile (50% allocation from PTTEP membership m 3 ); and Technical# Rev 4 Page 49 of 169

50 Dasic International (up to 54 m 3 per day after 14 days). Dasic International is the manufacturer of the Slickgone product line (Refer to Attachment F for contact details). Dasic International are capable of producing a continuous supply of dispersant to Australia of up to 54 m 3 of product per day within 14 days. This capability and timeframe is based on liaison with Dasic and 7 days to commence production and package the first lot of product for dispatch and 7 days to establish a supply chain - air freight direct from the UK to Darwin, Australia. Section 5.11 provides further information on the resources, locations and mobilisation processes Aerial dispersant application Dispersant will be applied to areas of oil greater than 10 g/m 2 and with less than 24 hours of weathering. This will ensure the application of dispersant will have the greatest chance to disperse the oil as the dispersant efficacy remains high within the first 24 hours. Aerial dispersant will be applied via: tractor/thrush aircraft 6 x capacity m 3 per strike; OSRL Hercules 1 x 13 m 3 per strike; and The airbase for dispersant spraying operations will be Truscott airbase, located near the northern tip of Western Australia, strategically placed approximately 250 km from the Montara field. Tractor/thrush aircraft would be mobilised to Truscott airbase immediately in the event of a Tier 2 or 3 spill. PTTEP AA have dispersant stocks and a dispersant transfer pump (suitable to load tractor/thrush aircraft) presently at Truscott airbase ready to cater for dispersant operations immediately on arrival of the tractor/thrush aircraft in the event of a spill. Dispersants would be flown directly in to Truscott airbase. AMOSC have agreements in place with aviation contractors that are capable of delivering up to 20 m 3 of dispersant per flight. Aircraft would be sourced from within Australia initially, and then other areas such as Singapore and Thailand. Truscott airbase is suitable for landing of a Hercules C-130, Ilyushin Il-76 and Antonov An-12 aircraft. The aviation contractor would be contacted immediately in the event of a well blowout to mobilise available aircraft. Depending on the location of the aircraft sourced, it will be loaded within hours using the national stockpiles (Darwin-32 m 3 ; Exmouth-30 m 3 ; Fremantle 48; Brisbane- 91 m 3 ; Geelong-71.4 m 3 ) and arrive in Truscott during the hour period. This therefore provides sufficient stocks for aerial dispersant operations on Day Three of the response for the aerial tractors at Truscott airbase. The chartered cargo aircraft are approved for handling Dangerous Goods, therefore there is expected to be no delays. During the Rena incident off New Zealand in October 2011, AMOSC was engaged to assist with the spill response. Upon notification, AMOSC contacted their aviation contractor to request what aircraft were available to assist with the response; four spot hire aircraft (3 x Hercules C-130 and Ilyushin Il-76) from Brisbane, Darwin, Indonesia and Malaysia were able to be mobilised within 24 hours for transportation of equipment from Australia to New Zealand, two of these being available for loading in less than 8 hours. One tractor/thrush aircrafts can be deployed within 24 hrs spraying 7.2 m 3 of dispersant per day. The OSRL Hercules aircraft can be over the Montara PDW activities location within three days with a capacity to deliver up to an additional 13 m 3 per run. Within three days, an additional two tractor/thrush aircraft can be deploying 14.4 m 3 of dispersant. If required, an additional three tractor/thrush aircraft can be mobilised, to provide a total of six tractor/thrush aircraft deploying dispersant or supporting other response operations such as aerial surveillance and directing offshore containment and recovery. However, the requirement of these resources will be determined as part of the NEBA and IAP. Locations of the air tractors/thrush aircraft are: Ballarat Victoria, Adelaide, South Australia, Ballidu, Western Australia, Batchelor, Northern Territory, Emerald, Queensland and Moree, New South Wales. Refer to section for additional information on aircraft resources. Technical# Rev 4 Page 50 of 169

51 Marine dispersant application Marine vessels to deploy dispersants can spray up to 16 m 3 per day. The role of the vessels is to apply dispersants to windrows/spots of surface slick which threaten priority environmental sensitivities. Vessels can also be used in close proximity to the MODU to apply dispersant on fresh crude in between aerial dispersant strikes. In addition to the dispersant already located in Darwin, dispersant can either be trucked or flown to Darwin or Broome to be loaded on to the vessels. As part of the drilling campaign, PTTEP AA has three support vessels contracted that are able to undertake dispersant operations. Refer to section for additional information on vessel resources. Table 5-4 below identifies the resources available to PTTEP AA in the event that dispersants are required in a Tier 3 scenario, and the minimum time in which they are available. The objectives, standards and measurement criteria are provided in Table 5-5. Based on modelling, the aerial and marine dispersant capacity is sufficient to treat the volume of oil viable for dispersant application once resources are mobilised (day 3 onwards) Subsurface Dispersant application At present, there are two Subsea First Response Toolkits (SFRT) globally, these include a BOP intervention system, subsea dispersant injection system and debris clearance system. AMOSC are in the process of procuring a SFRT. The SFRT will be based in Perth with a dispersant stockpile to supplement the subsea dispersant injection system. Application of the SFRT would only be viable for a well blowout from well workover activities. There are no well workovers scheduled until after Quarter The SFRT is anticipated to be available with effect from Quarter 4 of 2013, mobilisation times of the SFRT is estimated to be 14 days. This includes mobilisation of the SFRT and dispersant to Darwin, and contracting a suitable construction vessel capable of deploying the SFRT. Table 5-5 below provides a summary of the resources available to PTTEP AA in the event that dispersants are required in a Tier 3 scenario and highlights the minimum time standard to be activated. The objectives, standards and measurement criteria are provided in Table 5-6. Table 5-5 Dispersant Application Strategy Summary Task Outcome Resources Minimum standard Surface Application Assessment of spill trajectory via Manual Calculations Forecast likelihood of spill threatening sensitive resources EMT/AMOSC Within 3 hours of spill Commence mobilisation of dispersant resources Dispersant resources mobilised in readiness for potential use EMT leader mobilises the resources. Various resources (refer below) Within 6 hours of spill Assessment of spill trajectory via OSTM Forecast the behaviour of the hydrocarbons. Identify and assess risks to environmental sensitivities within the ZPI. Inform NEBA and development of the IAP. / AMOSC Within 24 hours of spill NEBA Determine if response strategy will have a net environmental benefit. Inform development of the IAP. EMT/AMOSC Within 24 hours (Ongoing NEBA every 24 hours and as required) Technical# Rev 4 Page 51 of 169

52 Task Outcome Resources Minimum standard Assessment of dispersant efficacy Laboratory test Assessment of dispersed oil trajectory via OSTM Evaluate and confirm dispersant efficacy on Montara Crude hydrocarbons. Informs OSTM, ongoing NEBA and IAP. Forecast the behaviour of the hydrocarbons with surface dispersant application using laboratory efficacy data. Identify and assess risks to environmental sensitivities within the ZPI. Inform ongoing NEBA and IAP. Intertek/Leeder Analytical Within 7 days of spill / AMOSC Within 8 days of spill Aerial dispersant release 5 m 3 of dispersant stock pile (Truscott Airbase). Within 24 hours Aerial application means Dispersant rapidly applied to the fresh crude to reduce the potential for surface oil to reach shoreline and sensitive receptors. 1 x fixed wing aircraft (4 sorties/day) 3 x fixed wing aircraft (4 sorties/day) 6 x fixed wing aircraft (4 sorties/day) Within 24 hours Within 48 hours Within 144 hours 1 x OSRL Hercules - 13 t dispersant (Singapore) Within 72 hours Re-supply dispersant stocks ongoing Dispersant available at the air base for loading into the aircraft when needed over the period of the oil spill dispersant stocks will be distributed between aerial and marine deployment as required. Dispersant stock AMOSC stocks m 3 AMSA stocks m 3 OSRL stocks 202 m 3 Dasic (supplier of Slickgone) up to 54 m 3 /day (Note: dispersant will be split between marine and aerial application) Commence receiving within 48 hrs Commence receiving after 14 days. Truscott Air base. Air base support Aircraft refuelled, reloaded with dispersant Logistical support to sustain/maintain aerial operations. Within 24 hours Spotter aircraft A helicopter or fixed wing aircraft is able to accurately direct the air tractor pilot when apply dispersant Trained spotter x 1 Aircraft x 1 Within 24 hours Safety aircraft/rescue vessels A helicopter is available to be used for search and rescue Helicopter and responding vessels (contracted to PTTEP AA - refer to section 5.11) Within 24 hours Technical# Rev 4 Page 52 of 169

53 Task Outcome Resources Minimum standard Marine dispersant release 2 m 3 of dispersant (in-field on support vessel) Within 24 hours Dispersant stocks Dispersant available at the marine base for loading when needed over the period of the oil spill dispersant stocks will be distributed between aerial and marine deployment as required AMOSC stocks m 3 AMSA stocks m 3 stocks 202 m 3 Dasic (supplier of Slickgone) up to 54 m 3 /day (Note: dispersant will be split between marine and aerial application) Commence receiving within 72 hrs Commence receiving after 14 days. Dispersant spray system A system that can effectively and efficiently apply dispersant from IBCs on deck 2 x dispersant spray systems (PTTEP AA currently have two fixed arm systems; AMSA have 2 x AFEDO systems in Darwin) Marine delivery of dispersant Marine operating base Spotter aircraft Subsurface dispersant release Assessment of spill trajectory via Manual Calculations Commence mobilisation of dispersant resources Assessment of spill trajectory via OSTM Dispersant rapidly applied to the fresh crude to reduce the potential for surface oil to reach shoreline and sensitive receptors. Marine operating base that can accommodate vessel and crews is close to the response site. A helicopter or fixed wing is able to accurately direct the vessel operator where the oil is. Forecast likelihood of spill threatening sensitive resources Dispersant resources mobilised in readiness for potential use Forecast the behaviour of the hydrocarbons. Identify and assess risks to environmental sensitivities within the ZPI. Inform NEBA and development of the IAP. 2 x Vessel (and crew) suitable for operations in the Timor Sea (contracted to PTTEP AA - refer to section 5.11) 2 x Trained dispersant application operator Wharf space (Darwin) Loading areas (Darwin) Trained spotter x 1 Aircraft x 1 Pilots EMT/AMOSC EMT leader mobilises the resources. Various resources (refer below) / AMOSC Within 96 hours Within 24 hours Within 24 hours Within 3 hours of spill Within 6 hours of spill Within 24 hours of spill Technical# Rev 4 Page 53 of 169

54 Task Outcome Resources Minimum standard Assessment of dispersant efficacy Field Test Evaluate dispersant efficacy on Montara Crude. Informs NEBA and IAP. Vessels Within 6 hours of spill Assessment of dispersant efficacy Laboratory test Evaluate and confirm dispersant efficacy on Montara Crude. Informs OSTM, ongoing NEBA and IAP. Intertek/Leeder Analytical Within 7 days of spill Assessment of dispersed oil trajectory via OSTM Forecast the behaviour of the hydrocarbons with Sub-surface dispersant application using laboratory efficacy data. Identify and assess risks to environmental sensitivities within the ZPI. Inform ongoing NEBA and IAP. / AMOSC Within 8 days of spill NEBA Determine if response strategy will have a net environmental benefit. Inform development of the IAP. EMT/AMOSC Within 9 days of spill. (Ongoing NEBA every 24 hours and as required) 1 x subsurface dispersant spray system Subsurface dispersant spray system Subsurface dispersant applied to the fresh crude to reduce the volume of surface oil. 1 x vessel (and crew) suitable for application of subsurface dispersant (contracted to PTTEP AA - refer to section 5.2) Within 14 days Dispersant suitable for subsea application Table 5-6 Dispersant application objectives standards and measurement criteria Performance Objective Standard Measurement Criteria Dispersant application will be undertaken to provide net environmental benefit in the event of a Tier 3 spill Forecast likelihood of spill threatening sensitive resources via manual calculations within 3 hours Commence mobilisation of dispersant resources within 6 hours of spill Evaluate dispersant efficacy on Montara crude using field test procedure within 6 hrs of spill Assessment of spill trajectory via OSTM within 24 hrs of spill Undertake NEBA of surface dispersant strategy within 24 hours of spill Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Results of manual calculations of trajectory Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Results of field testing Modelling results Documented EMT IAP and NEBA Technical# Rev 4 Page 54 of 169

55 Performance Objective Standard Measurement Criteria Evaluate and confirm dispersant efficacy on Montara Crude using laboratory testing within 7 days of spill Undertake modelling of fates from dispersant application within 8 days using laboratory efficacy data to determine if application is to provide a net environmental benefit for subsurface application and continued net benefit for surface application Undertake NEBA of Sub-surface dispersant application response strategy within 9 days Apply dispersant in the trajectory of high priority sensitivities, or other identified priority sites, in accordance with the defined dispersant application and exclusion zones. Dispersant application to continue until termination criteria have been met (refer to section 7.1.2) Laboratory testing results Modelling results Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT NEBA records Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT 5.4 IN-SITU BURNING In-situ burning (ISB) aims to collect oil in a specialised fire boom to create a burnable thickness of oil and is then ignited using special igniters that can be deployed from a vessel. ISB does not completely remove oil from the environment; the burned oil is primarily converted to airborne residues and burn residue. It is the oil vapours above the slick that burn, not the liquid oil. The Montara crude being a Group 3 hydrocarbon is suitable for ISB, however Montara crude does weather rapidly and would likely become unsuitable for burning within 24 hours. At present there is no ISB equipment or expertise currently in Australia, with the closest set of ISB booms (300 m) and experienced personnel located in OSRL, Singapore. In the event of its deployment being desirable, the Burn Team from OSRL would be mobilised to implement this strategy. At the commencement of a spill, PTTEP AA would request an assessment of the spill and modelling by an experienced OSRL Burn Team member to assess whether in-situ burning would be a viable response to implement. This assessment would consider: oil thickness (> 2-5 mm); duration of release; surface oil characteristics; o o o <20-25% water content; < 24 weathering time; < 25-30% evaporation weather conditions; o Wind < 20 knots; o Swell < m; and o Current < 0.5 m/s. A detailed ISB plan would need to be developed, this would outline as a minimum: Technical# Rev 4 Page 55 of 169

56 Burn Team command structure; designated burn area (updated daily); amount of oil to be burned; ignition methods; required notifications; methods for terminating the burn; methods for collecting burn residues; health and safety assessment; and environmental monitoring requirements. ISB was an effective response utilised during the Macondo incident in Key benefits of this strategy were the effective oil removal rate and the reduction in waste generation compared to other strategies such as containment and recovery. Fire booms are capable of up to 11 burns. If additional booms are required during a response, OSRL would be able to access additional booms through the OSRL Global Response Network at an additional cost. As a result of Montara crude likely becoming unsuitable for burning within 24 hours, ISB would have to be undertaken in a similar area to that of dispersant, therefore simultaneous operations between these two responses may be required. The following zones have been established: Green Zone (Designated Burn Area): This zone is anticipated to be within a 26km radius of the MODU and ensures in situ burning as close to the source as possible on the freshest oil to allow efficient burning. This zone is to target fresh oil (not exposed to dispersant) and achieve a high effectiveness of application. The designated burn box within this zone will be based on expert opinion and assessment by the OSRL Burn Team and subject to regular, daily review. Red (Exclusion) Zone: This zone defines the exclusion zones in which no in situ burning is to be undertaken under any circumstances: not within waters shallower than 20 m depth; not within 3 nm of shorelines, State and Commonwealth Marine Reserves; not above benthic habitats (corals, seagrass) or coral and fish spawning areas; and not within 1 km of shoals. It is estimated that it would take a minimum of 10 days from notification for the required resources and personnel to be deployed to the Montara PDW location. The modelling indicates that there are spot slicks of surface oil greater than 10 g/m 2 in the first seven days post release, however as the daily rate of oil released decreases over the first week, the frequency of these spot slicks reduce. The thickness of oil on the sea surface is predicted to be low and in isolated patches, consequently the effectiveness of an ISB response may be limited. As a result of this, ISB is not considered to be a primary response as part of the Montara PDW activities. In the event of a long duration spill, ISB will be assessed for viability at the time. Table 5-7 below provides a summary of the resources available to PTTEP AA in the event that ISB is required in a Tier 3 scenario and highlights the minimum time standard to be activated. The objectives, standards and measurement criteria are provided in Table 5-8. Technical# Rev 4 Page 56 of 169

57 Table 5-7 In-situ Burning Strategy Summary Task Outcome Resources Minimum standard Booming systems A system that can effectively and efficiently corral oil offshore. ISB fire boom 300 m (OSRL Singapore) Onsite 10 days OSRL ISB personnel ISB expertise Mobilise expertise in ISB activities Vessels x 2 (contracted to PTTEP AA - refer to section 5.11) Small craft for ignition x 2 Onsite 10 days Aerial surveillance x 1 (Truscott airbase Air North and CHC Helicopters) Table 5-8 In-situ Burning objectives, standards and measurement criteria Performance Objective Standard Measurement Criteria Initial NEBA undertaken by response team to identify which sensitivities at risk require spill response activities to be implemented If required, mobilise in-situ burning equipment Perform a NEBA within 24 hours of the spill with consideration of ISB. ISB initiated (within 10 days) if proved to have a net environmental benefit and where safe to do so Development and implementation of a ISB plan (including health and safety) with expertise specific to the nature of the spill within 10 days Implementation of the ISB zones as part of the ISB Plan. ISB activities to continue until termination criteria have been met (refer to section 7.1.2) NEBA Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT ISB plan Incident log 5.5 CONTAINMENT AND RECOVERY Booms and skimmers can be used to contain and recover oil where there is a potential threat to environmental sensitivities. The physical containment and removal of oil from the marine environment can minimise damage to environmental sensitivities in the ZPI. Priority of the implementation of tasks to support this strategy will be focused on containing and recovering oil that cannot be chemically dispersed, and to remove as much oil from the marine environment. Containment and recovery is a viable response option for the Montara crude. Containment and recovery of surface oil will focus on spot slicks of hydrocarbons of greater than 10 g/m 2 outside of the dispersant application zone and feature a trajectory heading towards sensitive locations. Containment and recovery will be used to remove a proportion of weathered product from the sea and reduce the likelihood of shoreline contact. Where it is operationally feasible to use containment and recovery equipment the result will have a positive environmental benefit. The containment and recovery would likely be undertaken in two separate areas depending on the nature of slick. Firstly, containment and recovery would be undertaken as close to the source as possible, located on the outer boundary of the dispersant application zone or within the zone where dispersant is not applied. Containment and recovery is also a viable option when dispersant application is not Technical# Rev 4 Page 57 of 169

58 justified. This offshore containment close to source aims to reduce the volume of oil that heads towards the sensitive locations. The second location for containment and recovery will then be located closer to the sensitive location in line for impact (perhaps some 5 nm offshore from it). Vessels located in this area will target slicks through using the J sweep technique. There may be two vessels working concurrently in order to contain and recover these slicks in order to prevent any oil from impacting the shorelines. Given the light and evaporative nature of marine diesel and the spill modelling indicating limited shoreline contact from a diesel spill, containment and recovery is unlikely to be a viable spill response strategy in the event of a Tier 1 or 2 diesel spill. The following considerations should be taken into account prior to implementation of this response strategy: the volatility of the crude will restrict the use of response strategies; and safety and health considerations for use of equipment must be assessed. Efficiency of containment and recovery operations is dependent on sea conditions and the type of hydrocarbon (see Table 5-9 below). Table 5-9 Operational Constraints for Open Water Containment and Recovery Response Activity (Equipment) Sea State (1) Current (Knots) (2) Constraint Wind (Knots) Other Boom Containment Vessel availability Deflection Skimmers Weir Recovered waste oil storage Disc availability Mop/Belt Vacuum (1) Beaufort scale. (2) 1 Knot = 0.5 m/s or 1.8 km/hour approximately. (3) cst = Centistokes. If the EMT deems containment and recovery a viable response strategy through the use of NEBA and IAP, strike teams will be deployed using work vessels with sufficient deck space and storage of oil/water waste. The strike teams will require specialist support to enable booming operations and associated spill response activities. The characteristics of the surface oil and effectiveness of dispersant application will determine scale of containment and recovery operations required during a loss of well control. During the Montara incident in 2009, two containment and recovery teams were utilised throughout the response. In the event of a loss of well control during the Montara PDW activities, it is expected the number of teams would be of similar magnitude, these teams would be utilised for other response activities when not undertaking containment and recovery operations. These teams would utilise PTTEP AA, AMSA, AMOSC and resources from local, regional, national and international locations to lead the operations. As experienced during the Montara incident in 2009, the recovery rate of oil varied on the type of skimmer used and phase at which the Montara crude had weathered. PTTEP AA has both brush skimmers and a weir skimmer located in Darwin. Both brush skimmers and weir skimmers can be used on liquid and waxy oil, and were effective during the Montara drilling incident in AMSA currently stock four skimmers in Darwin that could be rapidly mobilised as part of the response. AMSA s skimmers include a weir skimmer, rope mop and two multi-head skimmers. Technical# Rev 4 Page 58 of 169

59 Furthermore, AMSA, AMOSC and OSRL have in excess of 40 skimmers that could be utilised as part of a response. With regard to the PTTEP AA skimmers, the brush skimmer (12 m 3 /hr) has a significantly higher recovery rate of oil up to 90% efficiency when in a liquid phase. Therefore, in an 8 hour day, a recovery team could recover up to 86 m 3 of oil (96 m 3 oily/water mix). The weir skimmer (70 m 3 /hr) typically has a lower efficiency dependent on the weather. During the Montara incident in 2009, weir skimmers were used effectively on the weathered crude with efficiencies of in excess of 70% being achieved on weathered crude. For the purpose of planning, a worst case 1:10 oil to water ratio has been assumed. Therefore in an 8 hour day, a recovery team could recover up to 56 m 3 of oil (560 m 3 of oily/water mix). The constraint on this will be the storage capacity of the vessel undertaking the operation, therefore vessels with a crane and large storage capacities are preferred for weir skimmer containment and recovery operations. The total rate of recovery will be subject to the number of vessels and skimmers utilised and environmental conditions. The slops tanks onboard the FPSO (2,600 m 3 capacity) will be used for storage of contained and recovered oil. This strategy was effectively utilised during the Montara incident in 2009, whereby PTTEP AA utilised the Challis FPSO for storage of oil. The oily water mix recovered on the vessels will be pumped to the FPSO slops tanks. This can then be separated out, processed and discharged through the produced water system. This increases the recovery rate of the vessels undertaking the containment and recovery, as it does not require the transport of recovered material back to Darwin. Decanting onboard the recovery vessels will be undertaken if it is possible to pass the oily water mix through a treatment system. Manual decanting can be undertaken in calm conditions, whereby the oil water mix becomes separated. Appropriate settling time should be allowed to enable gravity separation to occur prior to decanting and discharge of free water. Free water should be discharged within the apex of containment booms in the path of the recovery device (so that any accidentally discharged oil can be contained and recovered). If the sea state is not calm, the oil water mix will remain mixed, with no separation, therefore decanting is not practical. Offshore containment and recovery teams will utilise up to four vessels (refer to section vessel resources) as follows: one vessel booming strike team consisting of two vessels capable of towing the equipment and each able to store oil/water waste on deck and in their mud/slops tanks, skimmer systems, booming system and recovery equipment capable of recovering surface oil from the sea surface; one single vessel J-sweep strike team capable of towing the J-sweep system and able to store oil/water waste on deck and in their mud/slops tanks, and skimmers capable of recovering surface oil; and one single vessel side sweeping with own recovery systems and able to store oil/water waste on deck and in their mud/slops tanks. The offshore containment and recovery team will be supported by the marine operating base in Darwin and aerial support from Darwin and Truscott. Aerial support will comprise of fixed wing aircraft and helicopters to direct the vessel operators to the oil location. Each aircraft will provide a trained spotter. Aircraft involved in dispersant spraying will, where practicable, be utilised for aerial support. Table 5-10 provides a summary of the resources available to PTTEP AA in the event that containment and recovery is required for a Tier 3 spill, and the timeline in which the resources are available. The objectives, standards and measurement criteria are provided in Table Refer to section 5.11 for additional detail on aircraft and vessel resources and availability. Technical# Rev 4 Page 59 of 169

60 Table 5-10 Containment and Recovery Strategy Summary Task Outcome Resources Minimum standard Montara Venture FPSO Slops tanks onboard capable of storing 2600 m 3 of recovered oil. Montara Venture FPSO Immediately Spotter aircraft A fixed wing or helicopter able to accurately direct the vessel operator where the oil is. Trained spotter x 1 Aircraft x 1 (Darwin Air North fixed wing aviation) Pilots Within 72 hours Marine operating base Marine operating base that can accommodate vessel and crews is close to the response site. Wharf space (Darwin) Loading areas (Darwin) Within 24 hours Marine delivery Vessel that can store oil/water waste on deck and in mud/slops tanks, skimmer system 4 x vessels (refer to section vessel resources) Within 72 hours Booming systems A system that can effectively and efficiently corral oil offshore Heavy Duty Oil Boom and Reel Booms & Accessories Within 72 hours Lamor Minimax 12 Skimmers (12 m 3 /hr) (Darwin) Within 48 hours if based in Darwin Recovery systems High capacity skimmers that can recovery both fresh and weathered crudes Lamor Weir Skimmer LWS500 (70 m 3 /hr) (Darwin) AMSA, AMOSC and OSRL skimmers (Darwin, Australia, Singapore - refer to Attachment F) Commence receiving within 48 hours Table 5-11 Containment and Recovery objectives, standards and measurement criteria Performance Objective Standard Measurement Criteria Containment and recovery response strategy will be undertaken to provide net environmental benefit in the event of a spill Forecast likelihood of spill threatening sensitive resources via manual calculations within 3 hours Commence mobilisation of containment and recovery resources within 6 hours of spill Assessment of spill trajectory via OSTM within 24 hrs of spill Perform a NEBA and assess operational feasibility within 24 hours of the spill Containment and recovery commenced within 72 hours of spill Containment and recovery activities to continue until termination criteria met (refer to section 7.1.2) Operational monitoring undertaken to identify sensitivities at risk and inform NEBA. Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Results of manual calculations of trajectory Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Modelling results Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Incident log Operational monitoring reports completed as identified in the OSMP; NEBA Technical# Rev 4 Page 60 of 169

61 5.6 PROTECTION AND DEFLECTION Protection and deflection is subject to amenable weather and sea conditions. Protection and deflection involves the use of physical barriers to separate hydrocarbons from environmental sensitivities, or to deflect hydrocarbons to other areas where it may be naturally collected for recovery. Protection and deflection is commonly undertaken in nearshore environments, and is not as effective in offshore environments. At the time of assessing this response strategy, shorelines which are predicted to be impacted with oil must be assessed using NEBA techniques to confirm that the environmental benefits of these techniques outweigh the environmental impacts. This will depend on: rate and likelihood of natural cleaning; access for personnel and equipment; nature and distribution of the oil; shoreline character; availability of personnel and equipment; safety issues; and environmental sensitivity to oil and clean-up methods. In the case that protection and deflection is implemented, the priority for this strategy will be focused on protecting the highest environmentally sensitive shoreline and near-shore habitats which can be boomed effectively to provide a net environmental benefit. This can include sensitive areas such as turtle nesting beaches, bird colonies and socio-economic resources. Given the light and evaporative nature of marine diesel, and the spill modelling indicating very low probability of impact from a diesel spill, shoreline protection and deflection is unlikely to be a spill response strategy in the event of a Tier 1 or 2 spill of diesel Offshore Protection and Deflection If the EMT deems offshore protection and deflection a viable response strategy, protection and deflection teams will be in place and equipment deployed within the predicted contact times. Offshore protection and deflection aims to prevent oil from reaching a sensitive location. If successfully implemented offshore protection and deflection can eliminate the requirement to access shorelines, if all oil is deflected. Keys areas to implement offshore protection and deflection using offshore rated containment and recovery booms are: narrow entrances to reefs systems to prevent high concentrations oil entering lagoons such as Cartier Island, Hibernia Reef, Seringapatam Reef and North Scott Reef; sandy beaches (such as Sandy Islet) to prevent any contact with the shoreline Shoreline Protection and Deflection If the EMT deems shoreline protection and deflection a viable response strategy, protection and deflection teams will be in place and equipment deployed within predicted shoreline contact times (where possible) which will be determined from ongoing aerial surveillance and real time oil spill trajectory modelling. However, considerations of the associated impacts of this response strategy are to be considered. The actual number of teams and resources will be determined when oil spill trajectory modelling and aerial surveillance provides sufficient data to forecast the location and extent of the shoreline impacts. Environmental advisors working on behalf of the EMT Leader will assist the identification of areas for priority protection as part of the NEBA process and assess whether protection and deflection will provide a net environmental benefit. The deployment would require flat bottom vessels (such as landing craft used to supply the Truscott air base) or vessels with tenders. The work crews allocated the task will include trained Technical# Rev 4 Page 61 of 169

62 personnel from the AMOSC, AMSA and OSRL, these personnel will supervise the activity. The logistical summary is shown below (Table 5-12) for a Tier 3 spill. The objectives, standards and measurement criteria are provided in Table Table 5-12 Protection and Deflection Strategy Summary Task Outcome Resources Minimum standard Assessment of spill trajectory via Manual Calculations Forecast likelihood of spill threatening sensitive resources EMT/AMOSC Within 3 hours of spill Commence mobilisation of resources Protection and deflection resources mobilised in readiness for potential use EMT leader mobilises the resources. Various resources (refer below) Within 6 hours of spill Assessment of spill trajectory via OSTM Forecast the behaviour of the hydrocarbons. Identify and assess risks to environmental sensitivities within the ZPI. Inform NEBA and development of the IAP. / AMOSC Within 24 hours of spill NEBA Determine if response strategy will have a net environmental benefit. Inform development of the IAP. EMT/AMOSC Within 24 hours (Ongoing NEBA every 24 hours and as required) Vessel Land-side protection and deflection teams Marine vessel able to deploy protection & deflection teams and associated booms to islands/remote locations. Crew capable of securing booms Support vessels capable of carrying crew and spill equipment to remote islands (refer to section vessel resources). Capable of logistics support/accommodation for 12 POB, crew. Able to assist crews to secure booms in waterways and in shallow seas. 2 x Trained operator/team Leader(s) (AMOSC, AMSA, OSRL) 10 x Labourers Onsite within 5 days, or 24 hours prior to shoreline contact (if prolonged time to shoreline contact) Sorbent materials Booming systems A system that can effectively and efficiently direct or prevent the movement of oil Heavy Duty Oil Boom and Reel Various lengths of land/sea boom, shoreline protection booms, sorbent booms (Darwin and Australian stockpiles) Crew to operate the system. Technical# Rev 4 Page 62 of 169

63 Table 5-13 Protection and Deflection Objectives, Standards and Measurement Criteria Performance Objective Standard Measurement Criteria Implement protection and deflection measures to provide net environmental benefit in the event of a spill Forecast likelihood of spill threatening sensitive resources via manual calculations within 3 hours Commence mobilisation of containment and recovery resources within 6 hours of spill Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Results of manual calculations of trajectory Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Assessment of spill trajectory via OSTM within 24 hrs of spill Perform a NEBA within 24 hours of the spill Subject to weather conditions, sea state and access deploy protection and deflection booms at high priority sensitivities, or other identified priority sites, prior to exposure (within 5 days) where NEBA determines deployment to be of net benefit Sensitive receptors protected from shoreline contact through deployment of booms, skimmers and other equipment identified through NEBA Subject to weather conditions, sea state and access, deploy protection and deflection booms at key locations identified in NEBA OSMP undertaken to identify sensitivities at risk and inform NEBA Modelling results Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Field logs demonstrating efficiency of the effectiveness of protection and deflection: visual confirmation that booming acting as effective barrier and/or deflecting oil from sensitivities. Documented EMT IAP and logs demonstrating implementation of the NEBA Field logs indicating resources deployed and efficacy Incident log and final incident response report Operational monitoring reports completed as identified by the OSMP NEBA 5.7 SHORELINE CLEAN-UP The decision to implement shoreline clean-up will be taken by the EMT when the findings of the NEBA demonstrate that shoreline clean-up techniques used will deliver environmental benefits which outweigh the environmental harm of the clean-up operations. This decision will be incorporated into the Incident Action Plan. The shoreline clean-up response will be implemented with guidance from the AMSA Foreshore Assessment, Termination of Clean-up Plan and the ITOPF - Clean-up of Oil from Shorelines. These plans provide guidance on the following: structuring a shoreline response plan; o o o o detail threatened resources and set response priorities; determine Environmental Value of each resource and, if possible, set quantitative or semi quantitative targets; process to determine the best way to achieve the level of cleanliness required; establish a formal sign-off procedure to agree that the requisite level of cleanliness has been reached; and conducting post-spill recovery and rehabilitation assessment. Technical# Rev 4 Page 63 of 169

64 Shoreline clean-up will occur if all previous response strategies have not been successful in eliminating oil on the surface resulting in oil impacting the shore and there is a net environmental benefit of undertaking a shoreline clean-up operation. The modelling has indicated that single locations will be impacted at a time. From the modelling, a worst case maximum total of m 3 was predicted to impact shorelines in the summer season if no response activities were implemented. Shoreline clean-up strategies are developed based on the character of the shorelines that have been impacted. The focus of clean-up efforts would occur at natural collection points on the islands. Natural collection points vary along with seasonal conditions, therefore these would be identified as part of the shoreline assessment. This is the last option in the series of potential strategies, with the aim of reducing the impact to sensitivities by minimising the volume and duration of hydrocarbons on shore. The following parameters are monitored throughout the implementation of shoreline clean-up to determine effectiveness: access to appropriate shoreline response equipment; how weathered the oil is; sufficient number of trained oil spill response supervisors and responders; and waste management (refer to section 5.9) (predicted volumes, minimisation, temporary storage, transport and waste disposal). Spill trajectory modelling indicates a number of sensitive shorelines could be impacted in the event of a spill from subsea infrastructure, however from the single spill trajectory only one or two locations will be impacted at a time and will be viable for shoreline clean-up. Therefore, resources can be focussed on protecting these areas. Shoreline clean-up can require substantial personnel and equipment logistics, such as: marine vessels capable of transporting team and equipment to remote islands; PPE, food, water, shelter, communications network (purchased from local stores - Darwin); clean-up equipment (purchased from local hardware stores - Darwin) e.g. shovels, plastic bags, rakes, buckets, wheelbarrows, mechanical tillers and decontamination kits; and waste storage and transport. A shoreline assessment team will be deployed initially with the specialist skills to make an assessment of the actual and potential impact to the shoreline sensitivities and the resources that are required to implement a clean-up operation. This shoreline assessment team will be resourced through AMSA, AMOSC, and WA DoT. The shoreline assessment team will be deployed as part of the operational monitoring program. The information from the shoreline assessment team will be used to complete the NEBA assessment. During shoreline response, the following will also be considered and implemented: approval for gaining access to the shoreline; induction and training of onshore team accessing the uninhabited islands. Induction to include that spill response teams should avoid disruption of environment and take practical tactical precautions to avoid contact with flora and fauna; NEBA process is applied when preparing the IAP for the spill response strategies; and EMT to coordinate basic training to clean-up contractors; oversee the clean-up process to ensure appropriate procedures are used to minimise the impact on the environment; provide advice on practical precautions to minimise contact with flora and fauna; and assist with the NEBA process when selecting spill response strategies and to evaluate the impact of strategies. In the event that a NEBA concludes that shoreline clean-up would provide a net environmental benefit, clean-up teams and supporting resources will be deployed. Supporting resources to Technical# Rev 4 Page 64 of 169

65 supplement the operational team leads will be sourced from labour hire companies based in Darwin. PTTEP AA s supply base in Darwin is based within the. have up to 25 staff with various marine expertise that could assist in the event of a spill. n Darwin estimated they could provide up to 60 personnel within 24 hours to assist with response strategies and up to 150 personnel within 20 days. If additional resources are required, other labour hire companies in Darwin would be contacted and would contact towns such as Broome for potential resources. The number of resources required (vessels, equipment and personnel) will vary significantly depending on the level of shoreline clean-up required and the duration in which it is required. The shoreline assessment team will determine whether a longer duration clean-up will be required throughout the spill, or if a clean-up team can be mobilised once to clean up the stranded oil. This assessment will consider the impacts of a shoreli e clean-up operation on the location. For the purpose of planning a maximum of four shoreline clean-up crews will be deployed to implement this strategy to the location of potential impact. The actual numbers deployed will be determined by the shoreline team assessment reports. Due to the remote nature of the islands and areas that may be impacted, clean-up operations will be basic and have minimal impact on the existing environment. In the event of a spill, sandy beaches will be the most typical substrate encountered given the areas of potential impact identified as part of the ZPI. Clean-up methods to be utilised will be assessed by the shoreline clean-up assessment team. A number of the methods that could be utilised are conditional. The L Shoreline Operations Field Guide specifies a number of controls/conditions for different clean-up methodologies and habitats that are to be utilised in the event a shoreline clean-up response is required. For all shoreline clean-up operations, the following will occur: ensure proper supervision of teams; ensure that the personnel involved in the cleaning only remove sediment to minimise the amount of waste that is generated; ensure that a suitable site is established to minimise secondary contamination; and ensure proper waste management is implemented. Table 5-14 below identifies potential shoreline clean-up methods and various substrates that may be implemented in the event of oil stranding on shore. Technical# Rev 4 Page 65 of 169

66 Table 5-14 Shoreline Clean-up Methods SHORELINE TYPE CONSIDERATIONS AND CONTROLS DURING CLEAN-UP CLEANUP METHOD R Recommended; *C Conditional based on SCAT assessment; NA Not Applicable Substrate Form/ Exposure Positives Negatives Natural Recovery Manual Removal of Oil and Debris Use of Sorbents Mechanical Tiller to assist Bioremediation Bedrock Cliff (exposed) Consider extent of oiling and capacity for Do no wash oil into the ecologically R NA C NA Cliff (sheltered) natural recovery to determine the level and sensitive lower tidal zone method of clean up required. Avoid overcleaning or removal of R C C NA Platform (exposed) Platform (sheltered/broken) Consider the health and safety aspects of accessing and working in tidal zones and the potential for slips and falls. bedrock. R R C R C C NA NA Boulder Beach (exposed) Use response strategies that minimise R R C NA Beach (sheltered) damage to flora and fauna. C R C NA Cobble Beach R R C NA Pebble Beach R R R NA Gravel/grit Beach R R R NA Course sand Beach Consider seasonal effects on local Avoid overcleaning or removing more C R R C Fine sand Beach amenities/ecological impacts to determine sand than is absolute necessary. level of clean-up required. Avoid burying the oil further into the C R R C sand substrate, for example personnel or machinery on shoreline. Use strategies that maximise access and logistics conditions and minimise waste generation. Utilise the natural advantages of the tidal movement with surf washing and sediment relocation. Use response strategies that minimise damage to flora and fauna. Use absorbents on small patches of accessible oil. Using natural absorbents will reduce the necessity of recovering the sorbent material. Be aware of tidal ranges and ensure safety of personnel. Prevent re-oiling of adjacent beaches and avoid cross-contamination of oil into clean areas. Mud/ Silt Intertidal Flats Consider the ecological sensitivities of the Avoid both personnel and machinery C C C NA Mangroves/ Saltmarsh area when determining the most appropriate entering the area. response strategy. Avoid forcing oil into the substrate. R C C NA Use booms to protect areas not impacted. Herd oil into less sensitive areas. Prevent re-oiling of adjacent flats, mangroves and avoid crosscontamination of oil into clean areas. Avoid cosmetic clean-up. Avoid overcleaning or removing oiled vegetation and substrate. Coral Intertidal Reef/Reef Utilise the natural advantages of the tidal movement with surf washing. Avoid both personnel and machinery entering the area. R NA NA NA Technical# Rev 4 Page 66 of 169

67 Manual Removal of Oil and Debris Manual clean-up of oil will be undertaken in a methodical way at natural collection points along the shoreline to minimise the impact of the environment. Defined pathways will be established, so that disturbance to habitats are minimised and can be restored upon termination of the shoreline cleanup. Waste minimisation is a key aspect of this strategy. The oil expected to strand on the shorelines will be of waxy nature, therefore it is expected to sit on top of the sand. At cooler times of the day, wax is expected to remain in a hardened state. Clean-up personnel will be instructed to collect the wax, and minimise the volume of sand collected to ALARP during these periods. This will keep the volume of waste to be stored and disposed of to ALARP and will also minimise the impact on the beach habitat and profile. In some cases, the oily waste may be moved to above the high tide line of the beach to be picked up in a more efficient manner at a later stage. This will be assessed as part of the IAP and NEBA process. During the warmer parts of the day, the wax will become softer or melt. An assessment will be made if manual clean-up is still the optimum response at this stage, other strategies may be more effective. Refer to the EP for potential impacts of manual removal of oil and debris Sorbent Materials Sorbent materials may be used in the event hydrocarbons strand along the shorelines when still in a liquid phase, however this is not expected given the weathering characteristics of the Montara crude. The NEBA will assess whether the use of sorbents will provide a net environmental benefit. A key consideration when using sorbent materials is managing the resulting waste. Specific locations will be identified by the shoreline assessment teams in which sorbent boom can be laid along the shorelines in order to capture the most oil, whilst minimising the extent of intertidal area impacted. Stranded oil will be collected by shoreline clean-up personnel via sorbent pads. On intertidal mudflats and mangrove areas, the use of natural absorbents is preferred as it reduces the necessity of recovering the sorbent material. Sorbent materials would be stored in a contained storage area prior to transport and disposal to prevent any further contamination of habitats. Refer to the EP for potential impacts of utilising sorbent materials Mechanical Tiller to assist Bioremediation Small mechanical tillers can be used to assist with breaking down the wax in to smaller particles and moving it in to the surf zones to assist and increase the rate of natural bioremediation. Assessment by the shoreline teams will be made prior to mobilisation on whether mechanical tillers could be used. In some cases, this may be the preference as it requires smaller teams and does not result in the large volumes of waste. Depending on the volumes a shore, a combination of manual clean up and mechanical tillering may be utilised in order to reduce the volume ashore and increase the natural recovery for the remaining oil. Shoreline clean-up resources and minimum mobilisation times from request are summarised in Table The objectives, standards and measurement criteria are provided in Table Refer to the EP for potential impacts of utilising mechanical tillers to assist bioremediation. Technical# Rev 4 Page 67 of 169

68 Table 5-15 Shoreline Clean-up Strategy Summary Task Outcome Resources Minimum standard Assessment of spill trajectory via Manual Calculations Commence mobilisation of resources Assessment of spill trajectory via OSTM NEBA Shoreline assessment teams Forecast likelihood of spill threatening sensitive resources Shoreline clean-up resources mobilised in readiness for potential use Forecast the behaviour of the hydrocarbons. Identify and assess risks to environmental sensitivities within the ZPI. Inform NEBA and development of the IAP. Determine if response strategy will have a net environmental benefit. Inform development of the IAP. Shorelines are assessed as to their level of hydrocarbon stranding, and priority for clean-up EMT/AMOSC EMT leader mobilises the resources. Various resources (refer below) EMT/AMOSC Within 3 hours of spill Within 6 hours of spill / AMOSC Within 24 hours of spill 1 x shoreline clean-up assessment team Marine vessels capable of carrying crew and clean-up equipment to remote islands. Within 24 hours (Ongoing NEBA every 24 hours and as required) Onsite within 5 days, or 24 hours prior to shoreline contact (if prolonged time to shoreline contact) Marine vessels Marine vessel(s) capable of carrying crew and spill equipment to remote islands Capable of logistics support/accommodation for up to12 POB, crew. Vessels may be used that have ceased other response activities (containment and recovery/dispersant application operations.) On site within 7 days. Equipment Cleaning equipment, decontamination set Shovels, plastic bags, rakes, buckets, wheelbarrows, absorbents, PPE Decontamination kit, Mechanical tiller (if required) On site within 7 days. Shoreline clean-up personnel Crews are safe, fed, in contact with other parts of the response and hydrated PPE, food, water, shelter, communications network Amenities established Until termination of shoreline clean-up Technical# Rev 4 Page 68 of 169

69 Table 5-16 Shoreline clean-up performance objectives, standards and measurement criteria Performance Objective Standard Measurement Criteria Shoreline clean-up response strategy will be undertaken to provide net environmental benefit in the event of a spill 5.8 OILED WILDLIFE Forecast likelihood of spill threatening sensitive resources via manual calculations within 3 hours Commence mobilisation of shoreline clean-up resources within 6 hours of spill Assessment of spill trajectory via OSTM within 24 hours of spill Initial NEBA undertaken by response team within 24 hours of the spill Shoreline clean-up assessment team onsite within 5 days, or 24 hours prior to shoreline contact (if prolonged time to shoreline contact) to determine whether shoreline clean-up is required. Implement shoreline clean-up activities at priority and other sites, where NEBA determines the implementation to be of net benefit Clean-up crew onsite within 7 days of shoreline being deemed viable for shoreline cleanup. Shoreline clean-up to continue until termination criteria have been met (refer to section 7.1.2) Shoreline clean-up scope and teams to be directed by EMT Leader, in accordance with the NEBA outcome. Induction and training of clean-up team will ensure disturbance to sensitive areas is minimized by instructing the spill response teams to avoid disruption of environmental sensitivities as far as possible by restricting vehicle and foot traffic to and from spill response sites. Correct equipment and personnel deployed to key shorelines areas for clean-up. Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Results of manual calculations of trajectory Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Modelling results Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT NEBA Records Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Completed shoreline clean-up assessment reports Induction and training materials Incident log and final incident response report In the event of a hydrocarbon spill, the impact on wildlife is determined by the types of fauna present, the type of hydrocarbon spilt and the extent of exposure. The numbers of fauna that could be impacted vary widely due to the different migratory seasons that occur at the locations, section 7 of the EP outlines the fauna at risk at each of the locations. The decision to implement oiled wildlife response will be taken by the EMT in the event of wildlife being oiled or the potential to be oiled. This decision will be incorporated into the IAP. PTTEP AA s has developed a high level oiled wildlife response plan that aligns with the requirements under state and commonwealth legislation, state and national planning systems (the NatPlan), and industry standards for effective oiled wildlife response. Technical# Rev 4 Page 69 of 169

70 During oiled wildlife response, the following measures will be undertaken: maximise the best achievable and practicable protection measures to wildlife and their habitats during marine pollution incidents; minimise the risk of impacts to oiled wildlife and wildlife threatened by oil; minimise injuries to wildlife threatened or impacted by other operational activities associated with the response (e.g. containment and clean up, dispersant application, aviation etc.); provide achievable care for wildlife in line with best practices, to return as many rescued wildlife back to the wild; specialist wildlife service providers are to determine whether wildlife are required to be euthanized, treated and returned to site or captured, stabilised and sent to the wildlife treatment centre; document and monitor any impacts observed from the marine pollution incident or associated operational activities (scientific monitoring); if wildlife are encountered during response operations that have deceased, they will be captured and stored in a freezer/cool room where possible for an autopsy at a later stage to determine the cause of death; and document the operational processes undergone and their effectiveness (operational monitoring). For the purposes of PTTEP AA s oiled wildlife plan, wildlife includes avian fauna, marine mammals and marine reptiles Response Structure and Capability The oiled wildlife response plan provides a command structure suitable for implementing a coordinated, immediate and effective response for the rescue, treatment and rehabilitation of oiled wildlife in the event of a spill. The plan outlines the integration between the PTTEP AA EMT structure and the Oiled Wildlife Response Commander. The plan then further details the resources that could be accessed as the response escalates through oiled wildlife response Tiers 1 to 3. PTTEP AA will utilise a mobilisation model provided by At present, this model is standalone, however it is designed to integrate with regional plans that are to be established and coordinated by AMOSC by Quarter An Oiled Wildlife Response Commander would mobilise from and be integrated in to the PTTEP AA EMT. The Oiled Wildlife Response Commander would be responsible for the following: assist with the implementation of the oiled wildlife plan; appoint personnel to the wildlife operations as required; interface with associated organisations required to resource the implementation of the oiled wildlife response; and coordination of wildlife operations involving the rescue, stabilisation, transport, rehabilitation and disposal of wildlife affected by the spill at the direction of the EMT. Oiled wildlife coordinators would then be mobilised both offshore to evaluate the potential for or extent of oiled wildlife, as well as onshore to either Broome or Darwin to commence with the establishment of an oiled wildlife staging centre. The oiled wildlife coordinator would be responsible for the following: manage wildlife response on site; responsible to the OWR commander within the EMT; Technical# Rev 4 Page 70 of 169

71 coordination of operations wildlife operations involving the rescue, stabilisation, transport, rehabilitation and disposal of wildlife affected by the spill as directed by the Oiled Wildlife Response Commander. have a core mobilisation group of up to 40 people that could assist in the event of a spill. These responders are classified as a Commander, Coordinator, Field Team Leader or Core Group responder and have training specific to their role, such as: fauna rehabilitation (DPaW); wildlife first aid; shoreline oil spill cleanup; and oil spill response management (AMOSC). s activation number The oiled wildlife response in Commonwealth waters would be implemented in consultation with the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Populations and Communities (DSEWPaC) as outlined under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act If the spill has the potential to enter WA State waters, the Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) and Department of Environmental Regulations would be notified of the spill and would provide an advisory role to the PTTEP AA EMT under the WestPlan (operations-wildlife). If the spill has the potential to enter NT waters will notify the NT DoT as required under the NT DLP OSCP. Other wildlife service providers with experience in the region will be able to assist in the onsite response. Biosciences has extensive knowledge of avian fauna within the region, and would be utilised to assess the effectiveness of whether hazing techniques and pre-emptive capture would be viable for implementation. If the oiled wildlife response escalates to a Tier 2 or 3 response (in line with the Bonn Agreement), PTTEP AA will request additional resources both nationally and internationally. Through membership with AMOSC and OSRL, experts with extensive oiled wildlife experience could be contacted at Massey University and through the Sea Alarm Foundation. Sea Alarm Foundation has a global network of international experts in oiled wildlife response that can assist with specialised commander roles when large numbers of fauna are impacted. For future well workover activities as detailed in the EP, AMOSC are developing their oiled wildlife response capability. The capability will be comprised of equipment, international experience and skill, regional capacity in Western Australia, training at Geelong and Fremantle and exercising the oiled wildlife response capability with normal industry-based exercises. Through membership with AMOSC, PTTEP AA will have access to the existing oiled wildlife equipment, along with both national and international experts as part of call out contracts to be established in Quarter If additional resources are required to assist with cleaning and rehabilitation of wildlife at cleaning stations, PTTEP AA will draw on a number of resource pools to ensure the required surge capacity and sustainability of the response is achieved. PTTEP AA s supply base in Darwin is based within the yard. have up to 25 staff with various marine expertise that could assist in the event of a spill. Recruitment (labour hire) in Darwin advised they could provide up to 60 personnel within 24 hours to assist with response strategies and up to 150 personnel within 20 days. If additional resources are required, other labour hire companies in Darwin would be contacted and Recruitment would utilise offices in nearby towns such as Broome for potential resources to assist Response Activities Three levels of oiled wildlife response activities exist, these are primary, secondary and tertiary response. The response activated will be commensurate to the potential for oiled wildlife. Primary response refers to the response strategies as detailed within this plan, such as dispersant application, containment and recovery, protection and deflection and shoreline clean-up. Technical# Rev 4 Page 71 of 169

72 Secondary response involves the removal of species at risk from the area to be impacted, with the objective of minimising the number of individuals that are exposed to hydrocarbons. Two methods are referred to as hazing and pre-emptive capture. Hazing techniques include systems to keep wildlife away from contaminated sites and areas where impact is expected through a system of artificial threats including noise and visual devices. Pre-emptive capture involves: the isolation and/or capture of wildlife from contaminated sites by either physical barriers preventing access or exclusion to contaminated sites; transferring the wildlife well away from the contaminated site and releasing them; or holding the wildlife in short term captivity; whilst the contamination and threat is removed. Tertiary response activities are those implemented in the event that the primary and secondary response strategies do not prevent the oiling of wildlife. At the actual time of the spill, the response strategies will depend on the location, species and extent of oiling and may involve the capturing, cleaning, stabilising, transportation, rehabilitation, release and monitoring of oiled wildlife. Tertiary response may also extend to euthanasia of some species for which recovery is unlikely. Section 7 of the EP, provides further details on the potential impacts from the above oiled wildlife response activities. A summary of wildlife and associated oiled wildlife activities in the event of a spill are summarised in Table Table 5-17 Proposed response activities. Species Location Hazing Pre-emptive Capture Capturing Stabilising Transportation Cleaning Rehabilitation Release and Monitoring Euthanasia Cetaceans General Offshore N N N N N N N Y Y Sea Snakes Turtles Dugongs Seabirds and Shore birds General Offshore N N N N N N N N N General Offshore, coastal and onshore General Offshore, coastal General Offshore, coastal and onshore Equipment and Facilities N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Oiled wildlife response core group first mobilises to the staging post and/or vessel(s) and spill location, it may be some time before they can rely on the EMT supply chain for delivery of specialised equipment (for fauna capture, stabilisation, containment and transport to an oiled wildlife response facility. Oiled Wildlife Coordinators will mobilise with sufficient PPE and fauna triage equipment to last for at least 72 hours. This will enable larger quantities of equipment to be procured and mobilised aligned with the scale of the response. Technical# Rev 4 Page 72 of 169

73 The AMOSC oiled wildlife response equipment is based in Fremantle, Perth and comprises the following: Oil Wildlife Container for washing up to 50 oiled birds per day. Both AMSA and AMOSC have oiled wildlife kits available for use in the event of a spill at Darwin, Dampier, Perth, Adelaide, Geelong, Brisbane, Townsville and Sydney. Oiled wildlife kits may vary depending on the specific phase of capture, stabilisation and treatment, but generally consist of the following: General equipment (available from local hardware stores if required) o o o o o o o o cages, boxes, jars, tanks/pools; tables; drums, buckets, hoses; PPE; tarps; detergents; towels; and rope. Veterinary supplies o o o o medicines/tablets; surgical equipment (gauze, scissors, scalpels, cutters) feeding tubes; and syringes. If large numbers of oiled wildlife are encountered and require transport back to the mainland for treatment a large support vessel would remain at site undertaking the capture and stabilisation of wildlife. Smaller faster vessels would then be used to transport wildlife back to Darwin or Broome for treatment at staging centres. This aims to minimise transport times for wildlife in care, duration prior to transport to the mainland and allows the wildlife experts to remain in the field undertaking capture and stabilisation operations. OSRL have four oiled wildlife kits available that could be flown to the facility location (Darwin or Broome) to supplement the existing oiled wildlife equipment. Three types of pallets are available, that have inventories similar to that outlined above, however they focus on specific phases of oiled wildlife response, being: search and rescue; medical (triage); and cleaning and rehabilitation. Stockpiling of oiled wildlife response equipment at select locations in northern Western Australia is currently being formulated by AMOSC. As was undertaken during the Montara incident in 2009, an oiled wildlife facility may be setup in either Broome or Darwin. The facility will be scaled to the magnitude of the response, however it will consist of the following zones: Cold zone personnel management and rehabilitation of wildlife Hot zone Oiled Wildlife reception o o o Decontamination of personnel Stabilisation, triage, cleaning of oiled wildlife; and Rehabilitation or euthanasia as required. Technical# Rev 4 Page 73 of 169

74 Key requirements for the facility will be the availability of area, power, freshwater, seawater and area for waste disposal. In addition, existing veterinary centres will be utilised where practical. This strategy is summarised in Table 5-18 outlining mobilisation times from request, and the objectives, standards and measurement criteria are provided in Table Table 5-18 Oiled Wildlife Strategy Summary Task Outcome Resources Assessment Assessment of wildlife at risk Aircraft and vessels Minimum standard As part of Operational Monitoring Within 24 hours NEBA Determine if response strategy will have a net environmental benefit. Inform development of the IAP. EMT/AMOSC (Ongoing NEBA every 24 hours and as required) Environmental Pty Ltd: 40 personnel trained to capture, stabilisation, care, rehabilitation and release of affected animals Ability to lead teams of volunteers at staging centres(teams of up to 6) Oiled Wildlife Commander to provide assistance to the EMT Oiled Wildlife commander within 24 hours Onsite within 7 days Oiled Wildlife Response Team Oiled Wildlife Commander in EMT Oiled wildlife coordinators onsite. Trained wildlife response personnel can be mobilised to site and lead teams of volunteers at staging centres. Treatment centres for oiled wildlife in Darwin or Broome. Biosciences: Two specialist personnel Assessment of shorelines for oiled wildlife Assessment of potential implementation for hazing techniques Recruitment: Ability to provide labourers to assist in wildlife response Assist with operational monitoring Notified of spill within 24 hours Up to 60 personnel within 24 hours Up to 150 personnel within 20 days Up to 25 personnel within 7 days Collection of oiled wildlife To treat in the field at site Recovery and storage of deceased wildlife Support vessels capable of carrying crew and oiled wildlife equipment to remote islands. Capable of logistics support/accommodation for up to12 POB, crew. These maybe vessels that have finalised containment and recovery operations. Onsite within 7 days Technical# Rev 4 Page 74 of 169

75 Oiled wildlife kits Rehabilitation Move the oiled fauna to a rehabilitation centre if deemed necessary Resources to assist at treatment centre in Darwin or Broome. Transportation to a rehabilitation centre Recruitment agencies to provide a sustainable supply of resources during the response. Within 4 days of being captured. Within 7 days. Table 5-19 Oiled wildlife performance objectives, standards and measurement criteria Performance Objective Standard Measurement Criteria Oiled wildlife response will be undertaken to provide net environmental benefit in the event of a spill Forecast likelihood of spill threatening sensitive resources via manual calculations within 3 hours Commence mobilisation of oiled wildlife resources within 6 hours of spill Assessment of spill trajectory via OSTM within 24 hours of spill Notify Oiled Wildlife Commander and recruitment within 24 hours of spill. Initial NEBA undertaken by response team within 24 hours of the spill Undertake operational monitoring in accordance with OSMP Implement Montara PDW Oiled Wildlife Response Plan that identifies the command structure, equipment, people and training required to minimise impacts to wildlife Wildlife specialist to lead response team (within 7 days), and deploy oiled wildlife response team to priority locations identified by the NEBA Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Results of manual calculations of trajectory Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Modelling results Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT NEBA Records Monitoring reports Montara PDW Oiled Wildlife Response Plan as part of the IAP Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT 5.9 WASTE MANAGEMENT The temporary storage, transport, treatment and disposal of waste material must be correctly managed to safeguard against any adverse environmental effects which may inhibit clean-up activities or pose unnecessary threat to the environment. In line with PTTEP AA Waste Management Plan the waste management hierarchy will be implemented during a response option. The priorities are as follows: prevention; reduction; re-use; recycling/recovery; and responsible disposal. Technical# Rev 4 Page 75 of 169

76 As part of waste management, segregation of contaminated wastes types during a response will be critical to ensure efficient handling, transport and disposal of the waste. Waste will be a key consideration as part of the NEBA, when examining shoreline clean-up strategies. The aim will be to focus on minimising the volume of waste generated during the shoreline clean-up response. Where possible, all personal protective equipment including clothing should be cleaned and reused during shoreline clean-up operations. The EMT Operations Coordinator may appoint a Waste Management Coordinator (WMC) to undertake the task of managing waste. For any spill likely to produce significant amounts of waste, the WMC will develop a Waste Management Sub-Plan. The Operations Coordinators may also appoint a Marine Coordinator and a Shoreline Coordinator to assist the Logistics Coordinator in the response. The Logistics Coordinator is responsible for procuring the appropriate external resources and getting it to the locations, this includes: vessels; marine response equipment; shoreline response equipment; personal protective equipment; waste containers, storage, transport and disposal; and labour personnel. Marine response units will require assistance in the establishment of storage facilities on jetties or other locations. Shoreline units may require assistance in the establishment of temporary waste storage areas behind beaches being cleaned. AMSA have storage capabilities in Darwin (as listed in Attachment F) to be mobilised for shore based temporary storage. As far as reasonably practicable, wastes will be segregated in accordance with Table For large spills, or those where it is not possible to effectively segregate wastes entirely in the field, the field' segregations can be used. Table 5-20 Segregation of Wastes Field Segregation Liquid Oils Non-emulsified oils. Wastewater Emulsified oils. Preferred Segregation Water from temporary storage. Water from heat or gravity separation of emulsions. Water from chemically demulsified oil. Solid Oils High pour point oils. Oily debris Oiled pollution response equipment Domestic Waste High viscosity emulsions. Tar balls. Oil mixed with cobble or sand. Oil mixed with wood, vegetation, plastics or sorbents. Sorbents, pads, shovels, PPE, drums and bags. Food waste, drink bottles Note: Any container used for storage must be covered if rain is possible, to avoid overflow. Attention should be given to the prevention of leaching or spillage from the storage area by the use of plastic sheeting. Table 5-21 lists some of the equipment available for transporting of wastes along shorelines and provides some handling guidelines. Technical# Rev 4 Page 76 of 169

77 Table 5-21 Temporary Waste Storage and Handling Waste Type Container Handling Liquid Oils and Waste water Solid Oils and Oily Debris 200 litre drums Onshore Half fill only, care in handling Fast tank Onshore Can be used for transport on truck with care Skips Offshore/onshore Bottom drainage hole to be plugged Large flexible bags/ containers Offshore/onshore Barges & Dracones Offshore - Onshore should be loaded onto flat-bed trucks prior to filling 200 litre drums Onshore Half fill only, care in handling Skips Onshore Bottom drainage hole to be plugged Plastic bags Onshore Various sizes for easy handling in remote locations double bagging and a maximum of 10 kg each. Note: Care should be taken that all vessels, vehicles, or containers used for the transport of oily wastes are sealed and leakproof. The slops tanks onboard the FPSO (2,600 m 3 capacity) will be used for storage of contained and recovered oil. This strategy was effectively utilised during the Montara incident in 2009, whereby PTTEP AA utilised the Challis FPSO for storage of recovered oil. The oily water mix recovered on the vessels will be pumped to the FPSO slops tanks, this can then be separated out, processed and discharged through the produced water system. This increases the time onsite undertaking the response, as it does not require the transport of recovered material back to Darwin. Remaining oil in the slops will be disposed of as per the normal waste management procedures. Decanting onboard the recovery vessels will be undertaken if it is possible to pass the oily water mix through a treatment system and discharge at a controlled concentration. Manual decanting can be undertaken in calm conditions, whereby the oil water mix becomes separated. If the sea state is not calm, the oil water mix will remain mixed, with no separation, therefore decanting is not practical. Shoreline waste will be stored initially onshore at the location in dedicated areas above the high tide line, then pickup and disposal will occur. The location on which it is stored will be determined as part of the shoreline clean-up assessment. PTTEP AA has arrangements in place with Group, which has a number of barges, vessels and landing craft available in Darwin. In addition, there would be capacity onboard the FPSO for temporary storage of waste, which would then be transported to the final waste disposal facilities in Darwin. A standing contract exists between and PTTEP AA for the disposal of waste. currently deal with all waste resulting from PTTEP AA operations in the Timor Sea through their Darwin storage and treatment site. Other sites for storage and hydrocarbon treatment in northern WA include Broome, Karratha and Port Headland. Henderson, Kwinana and Kalgoorlie locations are also available if needed. will dispose of the oily waste in the following ways: hydrocyclone processing; evaporation ponds; landfill; and remediation. Technical# Rev 4 Page 77 of 169

78 Table 5-22 Waste performance objectives, standards and measurement criteria Performance Objective Standard Measurement Criteria Waste Management will be undertaken to provide net environmental benefit in the event of a spill Perform operational monitoring in accordance with the strategies and timeframes identified in the OSMP Perform a NEBA within 24 hours of the spill with consideration of waste requirements for each strategy. Implement Waste Management Plan that identifies the command structure, equipment, people and training required to minimise waste volume in the event of a hydrocarbon spill to ALARP Operational monitoring reports completed as identified by the OSMP Daily logs of response activities prepared by EMT Waste volumes collection and disposal records 5.10 PTTEP AA OIL SPILL EQUIPMENT PTTEP AA has oil spill response equipment to respond immediately to a spill. This includes: monitoring and surveillance through tracking buoys; dispersant operations from a vessel(s); and at sea containment and recovery. PTTEP AA equipment listings are provided in Attachment F. A summary of the equipment available and its location is provided in Table Table 5-23 PTTEP AA Response Equipment for Immediate Deployment Location Equipment Summary Comment Drilling support vessel Montara FPSO Darwin (PTTEP AA Supply Base) 10 container first response equipment including 2 m 3 Slickgone NS dispersant, dispersant spray setup, absorbent boom and tracker buoy 10 container first response equipment including 2 m 3 Slickgone NS dispersant, dispersant spray setup, absorbent boom and tracker buoy 20 container with first response equipment including 2 m 3 Slickgone NS dispersant, heavy duty boom and reel, storage tanks & tracker buoy 20 container with first response equipment including 2 m 3 Slickgone NS dispersant, heavy duty boom and reel, storage tanks & tracker buoy This is available for immediate deployment in the event of a spill. This is available for offload to supply vessel for dispersant spraying operations. Spare containers held in yard. Truscott Airbase 2 m 3 Slickgone NS dispersant 5 m 3 Slickgone NS dispersant. Aerial observation via helicopters or fixed wing aircraft (CHC Helicopters and Air North) 10 x Intermediate bulk container (IBC) Cyclone Proof Storage container Spate 75C dispersant transfer pump For initial aerial dispersant application. Technical# Rev 4 Page 78 of 169

79 Maintenance of Equipment The tiered response requires the recovery, cleaning, repair and return of all oil spill response equipment. The PTTEP AA Logistics Officer is responsible for activating and managing the Logistics Section of the EMT and is the person responsible for verifying that equipment is cleaned, repaired, and returned to owner or supplier. PTTEP AA equipment is kept complete and maintained in good working order, which is verified through regular inspection and maintenance in accordance with following: Darwin Supply Base Oil Spill Equipment Maintenance Procedure and Montara Venture Oil Spill Equipment Maintenance Procedure ( 5.11 RESOURCES AND MOBILISATION SUMMARY An overview of the equipment available to PTTEP AA from national and international response teams, and approximate mobilisation times is provided in Table 5-24 (PTTEP AA will be responsible for organising the logistics of moving the materials/equipment from Exmouth/Geelong to Darwin/Truscott as required.) Detailed lists from AMOSC, AMSA and OSRL are available in Attachment F. AMSA, AMOSC and owned resources are available to support PTTEP AA efforts. PTTEP AA has access to the National Plan and AMOSC resources and technical expertise, and has arrangements in place for activating these. AMOSC has a permanent staff of 12 and in response to oil spills; the permanent staff is supplemented by participating oil company personnel specially trained for this purpose, with approximately 100 company employees form the AMOSC Core Group. AMSA NatPlan has personnel resources in the form of the National Response Team (NRT) which has 63 personnel nominated by States/NT. can also further provide up to 16 people to PTTEP AA who have the practical skills and experience to assist and support during a spill response. AMSA, AMOSC and response personnel can assist in a range of response operations including scientific support staff to assist in dispersant monitoring operations, dispersant spray experts for the management and operation of aerial and vessel dispersant application, scientists with specialist environmental skills for assessing clean-up techniques, spill impacts and experts in shoreline/offshore recovery operations. The logistics map shown below (Figure 5-3) provides a useful tool for estimating deployment times for equipment and resources. Technical# Rev 4 Page 79 of 169

80 Figure 5-4 Logistics map with aerial support bases, response times Technical# Rev 4 Page 80 of 169

81 Table 5-24 Resource and Mobilisation Overview Impact <24 hours < hours 96 hours < PTTEP AA Deploy from support vessel Transport: n/a Tracker Buoy x 1 Dispersant Spray System 2 m 3 dispersant Sorbent Materials PPE Deploy from Truscott Transport: Aircraft 5 m 3 dispersant Deploy from Darwin (36 hours steaming from Darwin to site ) Transport: Boat Additional 20 ft containers: Heavy Duty Oil Boom and Reel Minimax 12 Skimmer System Dispersant Spray System 2 m 3 dispersant Tanks Sorbent Materials PPE Tracker Buoy - Deploy from FPSO (if support vessel available) Transport: support vessel Tracker Buoy Dispersant Spray System 2 m 3 dispersant Sorbent Materials PPE - Deploy from Singapore Transport: Hercules Aircraft (with 13m 3 dispersant) - AMOSC AMSA (NatPlan) Deploy from various stock pile locations Transport: Aircraft Dispersant and Spraying Equipment Deploy from various locations Transport: Aircraft Dispersant Spraying Equipment & Aircraft (PTTEP AA dispersant in Truscott) Also available is 50% of the OSRL equipment (if required) including: >2 km offshore booms > 14 offshore skimmers. 202 m 3 dispersant Time for delivery of this equipment will vary commence receiving within 72 hours. Deploy from various stock pile locations Transport: Aircraft/Truck/boat optimum will be chosen Skimmers Power Packs, Pumps & Accessories Booms & Accessories Dispersant Spraying Equipment Dispersant stocks (Exmouth and Geelong) Sorbents Pads & Booms Waste Storage < 10,000 L Oiled Wildlife Equipment Deploy from various stock pile locations Transport: Truck/boat/aircraft optimum will be chosen Dispersant stocks (commence receiving 176m 3 ) Skimmers Power Packs, Pumps & Accessories Booms & Accessories Dispersant Spraying Equipment Sorbents Pads & Booms Waste Storage < 10,000 L Oiled Fauna Kit Deploy from various stock pile locations Transport: Aircraft/truck optimum will be chosen Dispersant stock (Exmouth and Geelong) Skimmers Power Packs, Pumps & Accessories Dispersant Spraying Equipment Booms & Sorbents Waste Storage Communications Tracking Buoys Oiled Fauna Kit Deploy from various stock pile locations. Transport: Aircraft/truck optimum will be chosen Skimmers & Sorbents Power Packs, Pumps & Accessories Booms & Accessories Dispersant Spraying Equipment Waste Storage Communications Tracking Buoys Oiled Fauna Kit Technical# Rev 4 Page 81 of 169

82 Aircraft Resources PTTEP AA has contracts in place with and fixed wing aircraft for the provision of aviation services using dedicated aircraft based at Truscott and Darwin. These aircraft may be used for: aerial observation duties; transportation of personnel to attend to a response; transportation of equipment. If additional aircraft are required, other helicopter and fixed wing aircraft service providers in Darwin and Broome will be contacted in the event of a spill. Service providers include: AMOSC have agreements in place with aviation contractors that are capable of delivering up to 20 m 3 of dispersant per flight to Truscott airbase. Aircraft would be sourced from within Australia initially, and then other areas such as Singapore and Thailand. Truscott airbase is suitable for landing of a Hercules C-130, Ilyushin Il-76 and Antonov An-12 aircraft. If local aircraft are unavailable, or sources cannot be located, the EMT Logistics Officer will immediately contact the Senior Search and Rescue Officer - Aviation (SARO) AusSAR Canberra for available aircraft. The request should specify the task to be performed by an aircraft. When implementing aerial resources, a flight exclusion is required from the Civil Aviation Safety Authority via AMSA. The types of aircraft available to PTTEP AA in the event of a spill, and their capability is summarised in Table Table 5-25 Aircraft Resources Transport Type Base Oil Spill Response Capability Helicopter Truscott AMOSC/AMSA Visual observation Comment Pilot and trained observer deployed from Truscott, for visual spill observations. Search and rescue support for dispersants airplanes. Fixed wing aircraft & Helicopters Truscott Darwin Visual observation Cargo General transport Contract for fixed wing charters Chartered fleet Truscott, Darwin, Derby or Broome Australia International AMSA/AMOSC Visual observation Technical cameras Pilot and trained observer deployed from Truscott, for visual spill observations. Highly technical camera system to measure thickness of the oil slick - GIS mapping, to direct booms and to produce a daily chart for visual observations and to check for anomalies. Dispersant transfer to Truscott and Darwin. Technical# Rev 4 Page 82 of 169

83 Vessel Resources In the event of a spill, vessels may be required for assistance in any one of the response strategies for transportation of equipment or active involvement in spill response activities. Vessels may be required for: marine surveillance duties; transportation of personnel and equipment to attend a response; containment and recovery operations; oil and waste storage and transport; oiled wildlife response; transportation of equipment; and vessel base marine dispersant application. Vessel resources and capability are described in Table The vessel names are indicative and may change in the event of a spill due to logistics and available resources. Three vessels are contracted for the drilling campaign, these are: PTTEP AA logistics receive a monthly report of vessels that are coming out of contract within Australia and are or will be available for work. In the event of a spill, this would be the first reference point to identify vessels that are within the area and are available to assist with the response. A report received on the 12 th July 2013 outlined the following vessel availability: 9 vessels - immediately available; additional 10 vessels - within two weeks; and additional 12 vessels within five weeks. PTTEP AA would contact vessel companies as listed in Table 5-26 which have previously worked on PTTEP AA projects or are contracted to provide vessel services for upcoming drilling campaigns. In the event of a spill, the PTTEP AA Logistics Co-ordinator (or Marine Coordinator) (as per Attachment C) will make contact with Shipping Agents within Darwin (as specified on the Darwin Port website ( within 12 hours of the spill occurring to identify any vessels within the immediate area with a capability to assist with the response. The Logistics Officer would then make contact with other shipping agents to determine what vessels are available in the greater region, such as areas including Broome, Dampier and Exmouth. However, relevant transit times are to be considered as part of procuring vessels from distant locations. Spot hire vessel contracts will specify the requirement for use of mud/slops tanks as part of the spill response for recovered oil, this will enable greater capacity of storage onboard the vessel. Storage capacities are expected to vary between vessels, however vessels with larger capacities will be utilised for recovery operations, whereas vessels with small capacities will be utilised for dispersant operations. Vessels contracted to assist in the spill will be utilised to support a number of response activities such as oiled wildlife and shoreline protection, and throughout the duration of the spill the vessel role may change from one response activity to focus on another (shoreline protection to shoreline clean-up). The Logistics, Planning and Operations Co-ordinators will continually assess the vessel resources available and determine the most efficient means of use. Technical# Rev 4 Page 83 of 169

84 Table 5-26 PTTEP AA Vessel resources (indicative exact vessels may change) Vessel Comment Oil Spill Response Capability Supply Vessel Contract to PTTEP AA PTTEP AA hydrocarbon spill equipment. PTTEP AA crew trained in boom deployment. Dispersant spray with other relevant inductions and training. Support Vessel Support Vessels ( Support Vessel Support Vessel ( Supply Vessels Vessels of opportunity - Contract to PTTEP AA as required Vessels of opportunity - Contract to PTTEP AA as required Vessels of opportunity - Contract to PTTEP AA as required Vessels of opportunity - Contract to PTTEP AA as required Vessels of opportunity - Contract to PTTEP AA as required has up to 30 vessels based in Darwin and Exmouth that would be suitable to assist in oil spill response activities. Available vessels would be requested to support spill response activities in the event of a spill e.g. for slick monitoring, delivery of equipment using fast boats (oiled wildlife, shoreline protection and deflection and waste management). Supply vessel to support spill response e.g. for containment and recovery, protection and deflection, dispersant application or oiled wildlife response. has a total of 19 vessels based out of Dampier that could be utilised in various aspects of oil spill response activities. Available vessels would be requested to support spill response activities in the event of a spill e.g. for containment and recovery, protection and deflection, dispersant spraying, oiled wildlife and waste management. Available vessels (5 as per shipping report 12 th July) would be requested to support spill response activities in the event of a spill e.g. for containment and recovery, protection and deflection, dispersant spraying, oiled wildlife and waste management. Available vessels (6 as per shipping report 12 th July) would be requested to support spill response activities in the event of a spill e.g. for containment and recovery, protection and deflection, dispersant spraying, oiled wildlife and waste management NET ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ASSESSMENT No single response option will provide maximum protection for every sensitive resource during a spill. Each response will have advantages and disadvantages and will protect some resources at the cost of others. A Net Environmental Benefit Assessment (NEBA) process will be employed in the event of a spill in order to identify and compare net environmental benefits of alternative spill response options. The NEBA will effectively determine whether an environmental benefit will be achieved through implementing a response strategy compared to undertaking no response. The NEBA procedure is detailed in Attachment H. Technical# Rev 4 Page 84 of 169

85 In the event of a spill, preliminary assessment of the situation will provide clarification on the scale of the spill. Mobilisation of resources to Darwin ready for deployment will occur as soon as practicable. In parallel to resources being mobilised, an initial NEBA (within 24 hours) will be completed for all Tier 2 or 3 spills utilising the information available at the time provided by the MODU and support vessels (volume, trajectory and weather conditions). The NEBA will be reviewed as operational monitoring details become available including spill trajectory modelling. A NEBA will be completed for all Tier 2 or 3 spills prior to commencement of a response, apart from monitoring and evaluation. The NEBA will include identification of positive and negative impacts of each response option on the key resources of concern, taking into account the specific characteristics of the incident including hydrocarbon type, volume and seasonal factors. The method allows the direct comparison of multiple response options which can then be assessed with respect to reducing the environmental impact of the spill to ALARP. The SSHE Co-ordinator will take the lead in the development of the NEBA, and will utilise the Senior Environmental Advisor which has extensive knowledge of the environmental sensitivities and potential impacts of a spill within the region. The EMT has the responsibility to obtain available data with respect to the spill (including hydrocarbon characteristics, metocean conditions, trajectory modelling, and environmental sensitivity data) and to call in required personnel. To ensure that the NEBA is appropriate for the nature of the spill, PTTEP AA will seek the advisory support of environmental and technical experts, as nominated by agencies supporting the response (AMSA, AMOSC, OSRL and A preliminary assessment of key sensitivities at sites within the potential ZPI are summarised in Table 5-27 and will inform NEBA assessment undertaken during the spill response. However, all the sensitivities identified within the ZPI based on the specific incident characteristics, results of modelling and observation will be considered at the time of the assessment. The NEBA will be continually updated throughout the spill response operations. PTTEP AA through has access to the NatPlan environmental mapping resource, the Oil Spill Response Atlas (OSRA). OSRA utilises a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform and maps sensitive habitats and areas in Australian waters that could be potentially impacted by an oil spill and will be used to supplement environmental data on potentially affected sites as described in the EP and relevant baseline studies. For spill trajectories that are predicted to progress outside of Australian waters, PTTEP AA has detailed coastal habitat mapping of the Indonesian and Timor shorelines. This habitat mapping will be utilised to inform the NEBA process, in order to refine the response strategies to minimise the impact on the sensitivities. Review of the NEBA is anticipated to occur at least daily, however this could be more frequent if alternate spill response options are being proposed or excluded or the predicted impact zone is revised. It is envisaged that as each NEBA is reviewed, it will use the previous NEBA as a basis and will be refined according to any new information on the spill, environmental conditions and response options. This is to allow efficient and consistent decisions to be made with regard to the net environmental benefit. It is envisaged that as each NEBA is reviewed, it will use the previous NEBA as a basis and will be refined according to any new information on the spill, environmental conditions and response options. This is to allow efficient and consistent decisions to be made with regard to the net environmental benefit. To support the NEBA process, Table 5-27 outlines the possible response options against each of the priority locations. For each location key sensitivities have been identified along with a discussion of the viability and relevance of each response option. This information has been structured so that the NEBA must assess the location and its sensitivities as a whole. This allows the impact of the response strategy to be assessed to identify overall which strategy will achieve a net environmental benefit. Sensitivities that have key migratory or breeding seasons will result in a higher net environmental benefit during these periods. The NEBA cover sheet (Attachment H) is to be completed as the first step in undertaking a NEBA during a spill response. This summarises the key inputs from spill modelling, operational Technical# Rev 4 Page 85 of 169

86 monitoring, current conditions and available resources. This provides the personnel undertaking the NEBA all possible information to complete it effectively and efficiently. The NEBA table (Table 5-27 and Attachment H) consists of two parts: Section A: Information to inform the NEBA. This contains generic information of the negative and positive impacts of each response strategies in relation to the environment, which is necessary in order to carry out the NEBA. Section A also includes details of considerations when assessing whether the strategy should be implemented. Section B: NEBA This contains information specific to the spill event. Each location identified that is likely to be impacted by the spill is to be listed in Section B. The sensitive resources at each location that are ranked as having a medium or above impact if exposed to the oil (based on the risk assessment in the EP) are listed. This methodology allows for consideration of the site as a whole as any response decision will affect all the sensitive resources at that site. Each response strategy is then assessed against each receptor, taking into account information provided in Section A, the hydrocarbon phase, extent of weathering, peak migratory seasons of fauna, and the degree of sensitivity of the resource. While logistic limitations to the application of a particular response strategy are not part of the NEBA, particular response options may be discounted from the assessment if they are not logistically feasible. Attachment H provides the NEBA Procedure, the Coversheet and NEBA Template coversheet to be completed in the event of an actual spill. Technical# Rev 4 Page 86 of 169

87 Table 5-27 Conceptual NEBA Section A Information to inform NEBA Response strategy Negative impacts Positive impacts Consideration Monitor and Evaluate Only Dispersant application Acute and chronic toxicity effects of surface oil on organisms Physical effects e.g. smothering from surface oil Potential extended exposure of surface water and intertidal resources Survey vessels pose chance of disturbance/ collision with marine fauna Increased concentration of dissolved and entrained hydrocarbons in upper water column Can have toxic effects on organisms in upper water column Will impact shallow planktonic organisms including coral spawn and larvae In-situ burning High level of emissions to the atmosphere No additional impacts from clean-up activities Identify emerging risks to sensitive areas Limited risk to sub-tidal resources No waste generation Reduces volume of surface oil and therefore the risk to wildlife at the surface Reduces volume of oil that may strand on shorelines Enhances natural degradation process Rapid treatment over large areas Inhibits sedimentation of hydrocarbons Viable option in weather and sea conditions that prevent on-water recovery methods Reduced waste generation than other methods EPBC Regulations 2000, Part 8 Division 8.1 interactions with cetaceans For most spills aerial surveillance will be required for effective monitoring of spill movement and extent Requires trained observers Not effective or applicable for all hydrocarbons The potential for environmental sensitivities to be contacted by entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics above the 9,600 ppb.hrs and 4,800 ppb.hrs respectively as a result of the surface and sub surface application. The reduction in environmental impact from surface oil reaching environmental sensitivities. Dispersant exclusion zones apply. o not within waters less than 20 m deep; o not within 3 nm of shorelines, State and Commonwealth Marine Reserves; o not within waters with benthic habitats (corals, seagrass) or coral and fishing spawning areas; and o not within 1 km of shoals. Use of dispersant to prevent oil reaching a sensitive receptor only if the upstream site is less sensitive than the sensitive receptor itself and sufficiently distant to ensure that oil does not reach the sensitive receptor once it is dispersed. May reduce effectiveness of oleophilic skimmers. Tests of dispersant on unweathered and weathered oil would be conducted to assess amenability of the oil to dispersant Dispersant can only be applied to surface slicks which are > 10 g/m 2 threshold Dispersants should not be applied in water < 10 m depth Undertake trajectory modelling of dispersed oil plume Dispersant application should be avoided near to coral reefs or shallow banks and shoals Dispersant should be applied as close to the source as possible to allow maximum time for dispersal and reduce the likelihood of shoreline impacts Monitoring dispersant use and effectiveness required Environmental monitoring of impact of dispersant and dispersed oil as per the OSMP Direct application of dispersant to fauna should be avoided Burn plan and designated area would need to be established as part of IAP. Section B Conceptual NEBA Receptor / Sensitivities Ashmore Island Cartier Island Hibernia Reef Marine Reptiles Dugongs Seagrass Coral reefs Sandy Beach Seabirds Monitor and Evaluate only is viable for Ashmore Island. Applicable in all spill scenarios. Priority is to reduce the volume of oil impacting Ashmore Island. Dispersant application is viable as close to source of spill as possible. Dispersant application will reduce the volume of hydrocarbons on sea surface that could strand on shorelines at Ashmore Island if applied as close to the source as possible. Dispersant must not be applied close to Ashmore Island whereby it could impact coral reefs by elevating the concentrations of entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics. Turtle nesting occurs between the months of December to January, therefore it is a priority to minimise the volume of oil stranding on sandy beaches at Ashmore island. Hatchlings can be expected between February and March. Seabirds are present year round, with peak migratory periods occurring during October to November. Dispersants can have toxic effects and application will have to be assessed in light of these effects, in particular thresholds for entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics. Testing will be required to ascertain whether dispersants will be effective over the type of crude and environmental conditions at time of actual spill event. Dispersant application must be undertaken as close to source, as dispersant can elevate the concentrations of entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics. Marine Reptiles Dugongs Seagrass Coral reefs Sandy Beach Seabirds Monitor and Evaluate only is viable for Cartier Island. Applicable in all spill scenarios. In-situ burning is a viable option if undertaken at the release site. Priority is to reduce the volume of oil impacting Cartier Island. Dispersant application is viable as close to source of spill as possible. Dispersant application will reduce the volume of hydrocarbons on sea surface that could strand on shorelines at Cartier Island if applied as close to the source as possible. Dispersant must not be applied close to Cartier Island whereby it could impact coral reefs by elevating the concentrations of entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics. Turtle nesting occurs between the months of December to January, therefore it is a priority to minimise the volume of oil stranding on sandy beaches at Cartier island. Hatchlings can be expected between February and March. Seabirds are present year round, with peak migratory periods occurring during October to November. Dispersants can have toxic effects and application will have to be assessed in light of these effects, in particular thresholds for entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics. Testing will be required to ascertain whether dispersants will be effective over the type of crude and environmental conditions at time of actual spill event. Dispersant application must be undertaken as close to source, as dispersant can elevate the concentrations of entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics. Marine Reptiles Seagrass Coral reefs Sandy Beach Monitor and Evaluate only is viable for Hibernia Reef. Applicable in all spill scenarios. Priority is to reduce the volume of oil impacting Hibernia Reef. Dispersant application is viable as close to source of spill as possible. Dispersant application will reduce the volume of hydrocarbons on sea surface that could strand on shorelines at Hibernia Reef if applied as close to the source as possible. Dispersant must not be applied close to Hibernia Reef whereby it could impact coral reefs by elevating the concentrations of entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics. Turtle nesting occurs between the months of October and February, therefore it is a priority to minimise the volume of oil stranding on sandy beaches at Ashmore island. Hatchlings can be expected between February and March. Dispersants can have toxic effects and application will have to be assessed in light of these effects, in particular thresholds for entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics. Testing will be required to ascertain whether dispersants will be effective over the type of crude and environmental conditions at time of actual spill event. Dispersant application must be undertaken as close to source, as dispersant can elevate the concentrations of entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics. ISB will reduce the volume of hydrocarbons on the sea surface that could strand on shorelines and impact coral reefs at these locations if Technical# Rev 4 Page 87 of 169

88 Section A Information to inform NEBA Response strategy Negative impacts Positive impacts Consideration Containment and recovery Burn residue remains for clean-up (surface) Burn residue has potential to smother shallow benthic habitats Response vessel movement increase chance of disturbance/ collision with marine fauna Inefficient burns result in an oily residue Response vessel movement increase chance of disturbance/collision with marine fauna Generation of oily waste requiring disposal. Reduce volume of oil in marine environment rapidly during burn Reduces volume of surface slick Reduced risk of oiling of wildlife and shorelines Less waste generated than during shoreline cleanup In-situ burning requires a swell of less than 0.6m and winds less than 20 knots Oil thickness in booms is a minimum of 2-5 mm Oil thickness on sea surface needs to be of sufficient concentration to be able to corral oil to a thickness of 2-5 mm. Montara crude is only viable for ISB within 24 hours of release Monitoring of ISB effectiveness is required Assessment on traditional containment and recovery versus the containment and recovery of burn residue will be required. ISB has to be undertaken where no dispersant has been applied. Development of a health and safety plan Air quality monitoring would need to be established Dependent on weather Containment and recovery operations require surface slicks of thresholds > 10 g/m 2 Requires trained responders Booms in shallow water monitored to free trapped wildlife and prevent damage to shallow reef structures EPBC Regulations 2000, Part 8 Division 8.1 interactions with cetaceans Section B Conceptual NEBA Receptor / Sensitivities Ashmore Island Cartier Island Hibernia Reef Marine Reptiles Dugongs Seagrass Coral reefs Sandy Beach Seabirds undertaken as close to the source of release as possible. Containment and Recovery is a viable option offshore from Ashmore Island and within the lagoon. Containment and Recovery will reduce the volume of hydrocarbons on the sea surface that could strand on shorelines and impact coral reefs and seagrasses at Ashmore Island if undertaken offshore. Turtle nesting occurs between the months of December to January, therefore it is a priority to minimise the volume of oil stranding on sandy beaches at Ashmore island. West Island has been identified as having the highest occurrence of nesting turtles. Hatchlings can be expected between February and March. Marine Reptiles Dugongs Seagrass Coral reefs Sandy Beach Seabirds Containment and Recovery is a viable option offshore from Cartier Island. Containment and Recovery will reduce the volume of hydrocarbons on the sea surface that could strand on shorelines and impact coral reefs and seagrasses at Cartier Island if undertaken offshore. Turtle nesting occurs between the months of December to January, therefore it is a priority to minimise the volume of oil stranding on sandy beaches at Cartier island. Hatchlings can be expected between February and March. Seabirds are present year round, with peak migratory periods occurring during October to November. Marine Reptiles Seagrass Coral reefs Sandy Beach Containment and Recovery is a viable option offshore from Hibernia Reef. Containment and Recovery will reduce the volume of hydrocarbons on the sea surface that could strand on shorelines and impact coral reefs and seagrasses at Hibernia Reef (at low tides) if undertaken offshore. Operations will have to occur in the offshore area to minimise the volume that may impact Hibernia Reef. Seabirds are present year round, with peak migratory periods occurring during October to November. Protection and deflection Increased vessel movement increase chance of disturbance/ collision with marine fauna Potential damage/ disturbance to intertidal and benthic habitats Disturbance of shoreline fauna e.g. nesting birds or turtles Can reduce volume of surface slick Reduce the risk of oiling of wildlife and shorelines Less waste generated than during shoreline cleanup Requires trained responders Extensive effort required for some time little gain. Booms in shallow water monitored to free trapped wildlife and prevent damage to shallow reef structures or booms Flat bottom vessels, catamarans or vessels with tenders may be required to access shorelines to deploy booms and other protective equipment. Beach profile must be restored after installing barriers/berms where practicable EPBC Regulations 2000, Part 8 Division 8.1 interactions with cetaceans Protection and Deflection is a viable option for select locations at Ashmore Island. Protection and deflection could be undertaken along the intertidal shorelines of the Ashmore island to prevent the hydrocarbons from reaching the shore. This would minimise the load on the West Island sandy beaches, to reduce impacts on turtles, seabirds, dugongs and seagrasses within the lagoon. Presence of personnel and impact of booms/vessels in migratory times may be more severe than leaving the oil to come ashore. Protection and Deflection is a viable option for Cartier Island. Protection and deflection aims to reduce the volume of hydrocarbons on the sea surface that could strand on shorelines and impact coral reefs and seagrasses at Cartier Island if undertaken offshore, to prevent hydrocarbons entering the lagoon. Shoreline boom can be laid along the sandy beach shorelines for protection to minimise the extent of contaminated sand. Protection and Deflection is a viable option for Hibernia Reef. Protection and deflection may reduce the volume of hydrocarbons on the sea surface that could strand on shorelines and impact coral reefs and seagrasses at Hibernia Reef during spring tides. A channel exist in the north east corner of Hibernia reef, if a high load of oil is heading towards Hibernia Reef, this would become the priority area to prevent oil entering the lagoon area. Technical# Rev 4 Page 88 of 169

89 Section A Information to inform NEBA Response strategy Negative impacts Positive impacts Consideration Shoreline clean up Potential intertidal and shoreline disturbance, including fauna, nests from landing vessels and personnel. Large amounts of waste generated Changes to beach profiles Depending on environment may not speed natural recovery Removes stranded hydrocarbons from shorelines reduces oil burial and long-term contamination Assists natural recovery and bioremediation. Reduces impacts associated with smothering effects Reduces risk of wildlife contacting oil Reduces potential for remobilisation of stranded oil to other sensitive receptors May speed shoreline recovery Remote area work requiring extensive logistic support including waste removal and transport Target natural collection points to minimise disturbance along the beach. Clean-up methods considered: - manual clean-up; - sorbent materials; and - mechanical tiller/bioremediation. Access permits required for some areas e.g. Cartier and Ashmore Induction and training of onshore team accessing to uninhabited islands. Induction to include that spill response teams should avoid disruption of environment and take practical tactical precautions to avoid contact with flora and fauna. Early morning clean-up to target waxy material. Afternoon clean-up aims to mix up oil in to the wave zone to assist with natural recovery. EMT to: Coordinate basic training to clean-up contractors; Oversee the clean-up process to ensure appropriate procedures are used to minimise the impact on the environment; Provide advice on practical precautions to minimise contact with flora and fauna; and Assist with the NEBA process when selecting spill response strategies and to evaluate the impact of strategies Section B Conceptual NEBA Receptor / Sensitivities Ashmore Island Cartier Island Hibernia Reef Marine Reptiles Dugongs Seagrass Coral reefs Sandy Beach Seabirds Shoreline clean-up is a viable option for Ashmore Island if exposed to stranded oil. Focus should be to prevent and minimise the volume of crude from reaching Ashmore Island. Shoreline clean-up is viable on the sandy shores of Ashmore Island using manual and mechanical techniques if the volume ashore is high. Non-toxic waxy materials are expected to be landing ashore Natural collection points on Ashmore Islands will be the focus of the shoreline clean-up. Fringing coral reef and intertidal coral reef within Ashmore Island are not considered as part of shoreline clean-up. If turtle or seabird nesting season, may be less impact not undertaking shoreline cleanup. Access to and from the islands will be via the Ashmore Lagoon, on the north side of Ashmore Island. Marine Reptiles Dugongs Seagrass Coral reefs Sandy Beach Seabirds Shoreline clean-up is a viable option for Cartier Island if exposed to stranded oil. Focus should be to prevent and minimise the volume of crude from reaching Cartier Island. Shoreline clean-up is viable on the sandy shores of Cartier Island. Non-toxic waxy materials are expected to be landing ashore. Natural collection points on Cartier Island will be the focus of the shoreline clean-up. Fringing coral reef and intertidal coral reef within Cartier Island are not considered as part of shoreline clean-up. Access to Cartier Island would have to be via a small vessel. If turtle or seabird nesting season, may be less impact not undertaking shoreline clean-up. Marine Reptiles Seagrass Coral reefs Sandy Beach Shoreline clean-up is a limited option for Hibernia Reef. Focus should be to prevent and minimise the volume of crude from reaching Hibernia Reef. Vessel access is restricted to small vessels and flat bottom boats, in relatively calm sea state. Sandy beach and seagrass is only exposed to the surface waters during periods of spring tides. Limited time between tides may be available to undertake a shoreline clean-up response at Hibernia Reef. Fringing coral reef at Hibernia Reef is not considered as part of shoreline clean-up. Vessel movements are to avoid impact with shallow coral reefs, seagrass, turtles, dugongs and seabirds. Oiled wildlife response Increased vessel movement increase chance of disturbance/collision with marine fauna Disturbance to shorelines and intertidal areas during capture or marine fauna Approaching marine fauna could drive individuals towards/into spill Pre-emptive capture and relocation of turtle hatchlings may result in reduced survival (predation and/or exposure) Large volumes of oily water and waste generated by bird washing Prevent or reduce oiling of wildlife May assist recovery of oiled wildlife Wildlife at risk will depend on seasonal factors as well as the location of the spill Wildlife washing facility requires large area and large supply of clean water Trained responders required for wildlife capture and care Consider wildlife threatened or impacted by other operational activities associated with the response (e.g. containment and clean up, dispersant application, aviation etc.) Extent of oiled wildlife response will be subject to the peak seasons, it is a viable response for Ashmore Island. Turtle nesting occurs between the months of December to January, and hatchlings can be expected between February and March at Ashmore Island. Seabirds are present year round, with peak migratory periods occurring during October to November. Other marine fauna are viable to oiling. Vessel movements are to avoid impact with turtles and seabirds. Extent of oiled wildlife response will be subject to the peak seasons, it is a viable response for Cartier Island. Turtle nesting occurs between the months of December to January, and hatchlings can be expected between February and March at Cartier Island. Vessel movements are to avoid impact with turtles and seabirds. Oiled wildlife encounters are expected to occur as part of other response strategies. If large numbers of oiled wildlife are identified on Cartier Island, a specialist response team is to be deployed. Oiled wildlife response in offshore waters surrounding Hibernia Reef is viable. Oiled wildlife response in the offshore waters of Hibernia Reef will be possible. Limited oiled wildlife response would be possible with Hibernia Reef itself. Oiled wildlife encounters are expected to occur as part of other response strategies. If large numbers of oiled wildlife are identified on Ashmore Island, a specialist response team is to be deployed. Technical# Rev 4 Page 89 of 169

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91 6 OPERATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC MONITORING PROGRAM PTTEP AA has prepared an Operational and Scientific Monitoring Program (OSMP) (Attachment J) for its activities in the Timor Sea for use in the event of a large spill. Together the OSCP, OSMP and EP provide a clear, robust approach to efficiently and effectively manage a hydrocarbon spill while achieving PTTEP AA s environmental performance criteria. Specifically, the OSMP provides guidance on how and when monitoring data will be collected in the event of a Tier 2 or Tier 3 hydrocarbon spill. The data generated will be used to: determine the magnitude of short and long term environmental impacts associated with the spill (and its response), including the extent, severity and persistence of the impacts; support the planning and execution of the hydrocarbon spill response activities set out in the OSCPs; inform remediation efforts, if required; and determine whether the environmental performance criteria set out in the EPs have been achieved. The data generated will help PTTEP AA to tailor its response to the spill characteristics. This includes monitoring the sensitive receptors located in key locations in the ZPI for the Montara drilling activity as identified in the EP on evaluation of the area potentially affected and potential impacts on locations and sensitivities (Refer to Section 7of the EP). The OSMP describes the operational and scientific monitoring studies that may be undertaken to generate this information, as well as the triggers for the relevant studies. The studies are summarised in Table 6-1 and Table 6-2, respectively. For each study a corresponding operational protocol (Attachment J) has been developed to support efficient implementation. Preparation of the protocols has been guided by the following key documents: Oil Spill Contingency Planning Environmental Guidance Note, prepared by NOPSEMA and released in July 2012; Draft Operational and Scientific Monitoring Programs Information Paper, prepared by NOPSEMA and released in December 2012; Post Spill Monitoring: Background Paper, prepared by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) and released in 2003; and Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook, prepared by AMSA and released in Since the Montara drilling incident in 2009, PTTEP AA has undertaken an extensive Montara Environmental Monitoring Program, which has included a total of eleven studies, some of which are still being implemented. This OSMP builds on the valuable baseline data and information which have been captured as part of the Montara Environmental Monitoring Program. In addition, the outputs and lessons learned from the Montara Environmental Monitoring Program have informed development of the protocols. Technical# Rev 4 Page 91 of 169

92 Table 6-1 Operational Monitoring Studies Study Study Title Description O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 Monitoring of Surface Hydrocarbon Distribution at Sea and On Shorelines Monitoring of Hydrocarbon Character and Fate Shoreline Assessment Surveys Monitoring of Dispersant Efficiency and Fate of Dispersed Hydrocarbons Monitoring of Response Activities The study will monitor the distribution of hydrocarbons at sea, including the extent and possible exposure (by environmental receptors). The information generated will be used to inform response strategies, including updated modelling. The data will be collected through aerial and vessel surveillance. The study will obtain data on the physical and chemical properties of the hydrocarbon that is released. This will be used to inform the selection of response strategies and predict the potential impacts on the environment. This will include hydrocarbon and water sampling in-field to determine the extent of surface, entrained and dissolved hydrocarbons and provide samples for lab analysis. The study will collect pre- and post-impact data for the shorelines, specifically the areas likely to be impacted by the spill. The result will be a contemporary baseline against which the success of the response strategies can be evaluated. The study will collect data to help determine the effectiveness of dispersant, should it be used in the response. This will include water sampling for in-field and lab analysis. The study will focus on collecting data to support an assessment of the effectiveness of the response strategies. Table 6-2 Scientific Monitoring Studies Study Study Title Description S1 S2 S3 S4A S4B S5 S6 S7 Marine Megafauna Assessment Surveys Shoreline Ecological Assessment Aerial Surveys Assessment of Fish for the Presence of Hydrocarbons Assessment of the Short-Term Effects on the Timor Sea Fish and Fisheries Assessment of Long Term Effects on Timor Sea Fish and Fisheries Offshore Shoals and Reefs Assessment Surveys Shoreline Ecological Surveys Hydrocarbon Fate and Effects Assessment The study will collect data to determine the potential impacts associated with the hydrocarbon spill (and response strategies) experienced by marine megafuana. This will largely be done through aerial surveys. The study will collect pre- and post-impact shoreline data. This provides a baseline to evaluate the success of the response strategies. This will largely be done through aerial surveys. The study will obtain data to determine the presence of hydrocarbons in fish, including species caught be commercial and subsistence fishermen. This will include in-field collection of fish species and lab analysis of the fish caught. The study will collect data to assess the short-term effects on fish and fisheries in the Timor Sea arising from the hydrocarbon spill. This will involve desktop and in-field studies. The study will collect data to assess the long-term effects on fish and fisheries in the Timor Sea associated with the hydrocarbon spill. This will involve desktop and in-field studies. The study will obtain data to assess the impacts experienced by offshore shoals and reefs as a result of the hydrocarbon spill. This will include aerial and/ or in-field studies. The study will obtain data to assess the impacts on and recovery of the shoreline environment. This will include ground surveys, which will be informed by S3. The study will obtain data to better understand the physical and chemical weathering of the hydrocarbon. This will be used to understand inform the impacts on the environment. Technical# Rev 4 Page 92 of 169

93 In addition to the existing baseline data documented as part of the Montara Environmental Monitoring Program a number of the operational and scientific studies have been designed to collect relevant baseline data at the time of the spill (referred to as contemporary and reactive baseline data). The OSMP (Attachment J) includes a detailed list of studies that contain relevant baseline information. The baseline data collected during the operational and scientific studies will add to the existing body of knowledge by providing contemporary data. In addition, there may be a need to identify reference or control sites at the time of the spill. These sites provide a location that can be used for comparison purposes, which helps to better understand the impacts experienced during a hydrocarbon spill as well as the effectiveness of the response activities. The reference or control sites will be selected based on the predicted behaviour and fate of the hydrocarbon at the time of the spill. The sites selected will be located in close proximity to the impacted environmental receptors but will not be influenced by the spill or the response activities. It is recognised that selecting reference or control sites can be difficult in the event of a large scale hydrocarbon spill. Input from relevant scientific experts will be sought in the event of a large scale spill to ensure the most appropriate sites are selected. The study leads (and their teams) will have the appropriate expertise to help in selecting appropriate control sites Implementation In the event of a hydrocarbon spill, the PTTEP AA s EMT Leader and Senior Environmental Advisor will select the studies to be implemented. PTTEP AA s EMT Leader will be responsible for the selection and implementation of the operational monitoring studies while PTTEP AA s Senior Environmental Advisor will be responsible for selection and implementation of the scientific monitoring studies. Support for implementation will be provided by relevant experts (referred to as study leads). The study leads are identified (and described in greater detail) in the OSMP. Experience in undertaking scientific studies was a key criterion when selecting the organisations and personnel involved in the implementation. This has been done to ensure that quality control measures embedded in the operational protocols (e.g. chain of custody forms, log book requirements, photo evidence) are followed in line with standard scientific rigor Mobilisation The mobilisation and logistical arrangements for the operational and monitoring studies are described in Section 3.3 and 3.4 of the Timor Sea OSMP. Provisions for rapid operational monitoring mobilisation within days are in place and detailed in Sections 3.3 and 3.4 of the OSMP. Experienced study leads from AMOSC, and consulting, with whom PTTEP AA have existing formal arrangements will be utilised with basic field training undertaken for team members, by the study leads, on the methods in accordance with the monitoring protocols and relevant checklists (i.e. sampling methods and management, fauna counts). The scientific monitoring studies generally require the use of specialist personnel and equipment which may take up to two weeks to mobilise. As they assess longer term effects the mobilisation arrangements are considered appropriate to enable impacts to be detected. Each study lead will be notified at the time of a large spill event with the potential for scientific monitoring studies to be triggered and this will allow mobilisation to be undertaken within approximately two weeks. This timeframe is considered appropriate for enabling detection of long term effects and achievable for the expediting and confirmation of necessary formal arrangements at the time, and based on the resources and study organisations that have been identified and planned for in advance and detailed within the OSMP. Each of the scientific study organisations identified in the OSMP (Attachment 3), with the exception of who are currently formally engaged by PTTEPAA, have recently been undertaking studies as part of the Montara scientific Technical# Rev 4 Page 93 of 169

94 monitoring program under formal arrangements. It is considered that this will enable these formal arrangements to be reactivated within several days in the event of a future spill event. Reactive baseline studies are an option for locations where no, or inadequate baseline data exists (refer Section of OSMP). Each study lead will be notified at the time of a large spill event with the potential for scientific monitoring studies to be triggered and this will allow mobilisation to be undertaken within approximately two weeks, including any necessary reactive baseline studies. This is considered appropriate based on the following: Extensive baseline data is available for all locations potentially impacted by a worst case spill from the activity with minimum contact times within 14 days, including the recent Montara studies implemented after the spill in 2009, with the exception of the Indonesian islands of Pulau Dana and Rote at 12 and 13 days respectively (refer to the scientific monitoring protocols in Attachment 2 of the OSMP for relevant available baseline data). All other locations predicted to be contacted have minimum times to contact of between 25 days and 40 days, considered an adequate timeframe to implement reactive baseline studies which would be considered as a potential approach by utilising the identified study leads in Attachment 3 and the mobilisation and logistical arrangements in Section 3.3 and 3.4 of the OSMP as a basis (subject to access authorisations from relevant authorities such as DoT and immigration clearances for Indonesian locations). The two locations predicted to be contacted by oil within two weeks, Rote and Pulau Dana islands are not considered high priority locations for response and monitoring planning based on the Montara crude expected to be highly weathered by the time it contacts the shoreline (minimum of 12 days before contact) with effects limited to the physical effects of the expected weathered waxy residues. Rote is also not considered a high priority location for entrained oil contact above the impact threshold given contact is highly unlikely with less than 5% probability of contact. In addition, a and minimum contact time of much longer than the 13 days predicted for the shoreline contact based on surface oil being driven by both wind and current and entrained oil by currents only. The entrained oil would be expected to be highly dispersed after this time and remain in the coastal waters for only a short duration due to flushing. In the unlikely event that a location is impacted where no baseline is available or can be inferred within two weeks, including the two locations predicted by worst case spill modelling of Rote and Pulau Dana, the approaches detailed in Section of the OSMP, in particular the use of asymmetrical sampling designs and inference of baseline from existing information will be utilised to ensure that scientific studies can detect any impacts to sensitive receptors from a spill. These approaches will be aided in the Indonesian locations predicted, in particular Rote and Pulau Dana, by existing knowledge of the location of sensitive habitats at these locations (refer Section of the EP for relevant habitat maps) and results of studies from ATSEA (Arafura and Timor Sea Ecosystem Action Program) Cruise Reports of 2011 undertaken by AIMS in conjunction with Timor research organisations that conducted detailed surveys of the benthos and the water-column within shoals off the Timor Coast and coral reefs along the entire southern coast of Timor Leste, including abundance and species diversity data (ATSEA Program, 2011a and 2011b). Technical# Rev 4 Page 94 of 169

95 7 RESPONSE TERMINATION 7.1 RESPONSIBILITY FOR TERMINATING THE RESPONSE Tier 1 For small spills under the control of the MODU OIM, the OIM and Drilling Supervisor will determine when to terminate the response in consultation with the EMT Leader. For responses under the control of the EMT leader, the decision to terminate the response is taken by the EMT Leader. The decision to terminate the response shall be conveyed to the relevant Statutory Authority and AMSA Tiers 2 and 3 The decision to terminate a Tier 2 or Tier 3 response is taken in consultation with the Statutory Authority as defined under the National Plan. Affected WA and NT agencies will also be consulted. The following Table 7-1 provides the indicative termination criteria, which may be amended as a result of consultation during the spill event. It does however provide a guide for the purpose of capability planning. Table 7-1 Indicative Termination Criteria Response Strategy Termination Criteria Monitor and Evaluate Dispersant Application Contain and Recover In situ Burning Protect and Deflect Shoreline Clean-up Surveillance following cessation of the spill reports no visible sheen (daylight) i.e. a silvery/grey sheen as defined by the Bonn Agreement Oil Appearance Code (BOAC) is not observable Environmental Impact -NEBA based on OSTM identifies that the benefit of a reduction in surface hydrocarbons to shore exceeds the environmental impact of the increased concentrations of entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics in the water column at sensitive locations. The two key considerations for the NEBA assessment are as follows: a. the reduction in environmental impact from surface oil reaching environmental sensitivities with consideration of impact thresholds of 100 g/m 2 ; and b. the potential for environmental sensitivities to be contacted by entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics above the 9,600 ppb.hrs and 4,800 ppb.hrs respectively as a result of the dispersant application. Effectiveness - Operational monitoring (OSMP 04) identifies that dispersant application is no long effective through visual monitoring, fluorometry and water sampling. Recovery efficiency achieving <10% hydrocarbons by volume Hydrocarbons not being contained within the boom because of sea state Trajectory indicates hydrocarbons are moving away from environmental sensitivities and coastlines NEBA concludes that continued activity will produce little or no environmental benefit Oil cannot be corralled to the required thickness for ignition NEBA concludes that continued activity will produce little or no environmental benefit Clean-up is having no further beneficial effects on the shoreline or associated plants or animals The extent and degree of oiling is judged to be acceptable or having little or no adverse effects No visible hydrocarbons outside of the protection / deflection booms Clean-up is having no further beneficial effects on the shoreline or associated plants or animals The extent and degree of oiling is judged to be acceptable or having little or no adverse effects NEBA concludes that continued activity will produce little or no environmental benefit Oiled Will only cease when all affected/recovered animals are cleaned and rehabilitated Wildlife Note: These conditions may not occur at the same time for all components of the response and some Units will be reduced in size, or demobilised, earlier than others. The EMT Leader and key EMT personnel will remain active until the entire response is terminated. Technical# Rev 4 Page 95 of 169

96 7.2 STAND-DOWN PROCEDURES Upon conclusion of the spill response activity, the following tasks will be undertaken by the EMT Leader and delegates: advise all relevant contractors and PTTEP AA personnel; advise all relevant government authorities; prepare detailed reports and collate all documents; undertake an inventory of consumables and prepare accounts; arrange for the return of equipment; arrange for the refurbishment of consumed equipment; conduct an investigation into the cause of the incident and report to relevant authorities; and assess environmental monitoring requirements Return of Equipment Upon completion of the response the EMT Leader (or delegate) shall ensure that: Debrief all equipment and unused materials are returned to their storage locations; ensure that all equipment that requires cleaning or repair is secured on the supply vessel(s) and that arrangements for its cleaning and repair are put in place at the Shore Base; and ensure that any equipment brought on site for the response is returned to the Shore Base. Upon its return to the owner, the equipment shall be thoroughly serviced in accordance with equipment maintenance schedules prior to being stored. The EMT Leader shall hold a post-spill debriefing for any spill activated by the EMT. The debrief shall be address applicable issues below: spill causes (if known); speed of response activation; effectiveness of tactics and strategies; equipment suitability; health and safety issues (if any); communications; and integration of OSCP and procedures with other agencies. 7.3 COST RECOVERY Technical# Rev 4 Page 96 of 169

97 Technical# Rev 4 Page 97 of 169

98 8 IMPLEMENTATION 8.1 PLAN PERFORMANCE MEASURES This OSCP describes objectives, standards and measurements criteria for oil spill preparedness. It should be noted that a breach of a performance standard constitutes a recordable incident as defined in Regulation 4 of OPGGS(E)R. 8.2 MAINTENANCE OF PTTEP AA RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS Testing The OPGGS(E)R 14(8A) require the oil spill contingency plan to be tested as follows: a) when they are introduced; b) when they are significantly amended; c) not later than 12 months after the most recent test; d) for a new location for the activity that is added to the environment plan after the response arrangements have been tested and before the next test is conducted when the location is added to the plan; and e) for a facility or other structure that becomes operational after the response arrangements have been tested and before the next test is conducted when the facility or structure becomes operational Emergency Drills Emergency response drills may be either desktop exercises or field based response exercises. The following testing program will be initiated in line with the regulations: desktop emergency response exercise within one week of commencing (Level 1) to test notifications processes and communications; and practical emergency response exercise involving the EMT within one month of commencement (Level 2) to test the mobilisation of the EMT. Testing of OSCP response arrangements will be conducted annually in accordance with the PTTEP AA Annual Emergency Response Exercise Plan Testing described in this section will be supported by regular drills and exercises onboard the MODU and support vessels to test the emergency response arrangements including vessel SOPEPs. PTTEP AA will maintain a high standard of oil spill response preparedness through the following: training of PTTEP AA personnel, particularly those nominated to EMT or CMT; PTTEP AA s Drills and Exercises Schedule Offshore ; PTTEP AA Annual Emergency Response Exercise Plan ; ensuring that Contractors can respond as required (e.g. that they have sufficient levels of trained personnel and response equipment); maintenance of all oil spill equipment; outlining ongoing capability through exercises and drills; and ongoing audits to review that the above are being effective. The SSHE Manager is responsible for ensuring annual oil spill response drills and assessment of the performance of the EMT are undertaken. In addition, regular audits of oil spill response Technical# Rev 4 Page 98 of 169

99 preparedness will be undertaken. Training described in this section will be supported by regular drills and exercises to ensure acquired competencies are maintained. Testing oil spill preparedness is carried out against defined oil spill preparedness performance objectives and standards which are provided in the table below, along with relevant measurement criteria. Table 8-1 Oil Spill Preparedness performance objectives, standards and measurement criteria Performance Objective Ensure adequate resources and skills of staff and contractors Performance Standard - PTTEP AA training matrix - PTTEP AA s Drills and Exercises Schedule Offshore ) Measurement Criteria Company training matrix Spill training recorded Auditing Under the PTTEP AA SSHE Audit Program Management Standard all PTTEP AA activities are the subject of a SSHE audit at least once per year. This includes auditing of this OSCP. The focus of individual audits is determined by risk and each audit considers both compliance with the established management system and the adequacy of the management system. Environmental audits also focus on demonstration of ALARP in terms of risk assessment and environmental management. Audits and continuous monitoring processes will be used to assess and report on performance objectives and standards listed in Section 7 of the EP. The measurement criteria and results of the assessment will be prepared as part of compliance reporting. Incidents of non-compliance will be reported as part of PTTEP AA s incident reporting and investigation management standards and as required in compliance reporting for OPGGS(E)R 15 and Review and Maintenance The SSHE Manager is responsible for ensuring that the OSCP is regularly revised and updated as required and for ensuring that any revisions are distributed Training All personnel nominated to the EMT, must be trained to an appropriate level and in appropriate procedures relevant to their role. Training specific to each EMT role is provided by an external training organisation. The competencies unit for this training are: PMAOMIR418B Coordinate incident response (EMT Leader); and PMAOMIR320 Manage incident response information (Planning, Logistics, Operations, Recorder and Telephone Responder). Classroom training will be supported by regular exercises to ensure that acquired competencies are maintained. In addition, the minimum oil spill response training level required for each PTTEP AA oil spill response related EMT positions are summarised in the following tables. Table 8-2 Oil Spill Response Training Level for PTTEP AA OSR Position EMT Leader SSHE Coordinator Liaison Officer Planning Officer Course Oil Spill Response Management (IMO Level II) and Minimum Training Level Frequency/Currency Every 5 years Technical# Rev 4 Page 99 of 169

100 OSR Position Operations Officer Logistics Officer Course Minimum Training Level Oil Spill Response Desktop exercise Frequency/Currency 1 per year Other Roles Oil Spill Response Desktop exercise 1 per year At present, PTTEP AA has over 20 office based personnel that have been trained in IMO Level II or above oil spill training. The objective of training these personnel is so they gain an understanding of the safe and efficient response to oil spills, be able to undertake initial assessments of spill risk, initiate a response to an oil spill, identify priorities for protection, choose the correct response options, identify the limitations of response options and equipment, and understand the needs of the media. Table 8-3 Oil Spill Response Training Levels for Offshore Personnel Site Role Minimum Level of Training MODU OIM Oil Spill Response Management IMO Level II 1 Participation in an OSR exercise Drilling Supervisor OPITO (or equivalent) MOME Assessment No Oil Spill Response Management IMO Level II 1 Participation in an OSR exercise Currency/ Certification or Other Within past 5 years Within past 1 year 1 Within past 3 years Within past 5 years Within past 1 year Emergency Response Team Oil Spill Response exercise 2 Within past 1 year Supply Vessel Vessel Master and designated ERT members Oil Spill Response exercise 1 Within past 1 year Support vessel crews have undertaken oil spill response awareness and familiarisation training with PTTEP AA oil spill response equipment in Darwin. The objective of this training is to provide a basic understanding of oil spill response techniques and practical deployment including setup, operation and pack-up of oil spill equipment. In the event of a spill, all response operations will be led by trained response personnel (AMOSC core group, AMSA National response team, OSRL). These lead personnel as a minimum are to have IMO Level 1 in Oil Spill Response (operations) training (as specified by the Natplan and AMOSPlan competency requirements). Prior to undertaking a response operation (dispersant, containment and recovery, wildlife clean-up) the lead person will provide additional training for the crew of responders that will specify: the response aims and objectives; equipment/components involved; practicalities of the response (deployment of booms, operation of dispersant); and safety aspects of the operations. These arrangements are appropriate to ensure all EMT personnel and vessel crews have the suitable level of training and competencies to perform their roles in an oil spill response. Technical# Rev 4 Page 100 of 169

101 8.3 MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE PTTEP AA has a Management of Change (MOC) Procedure (I. The purpose of this document is to ensure that MOC procedures are followed for temporary and permanent changes to any work process, facility or operations that may compromise operational safety and environmental standards. Change shall be managed such that the new arrangement itself is demonstrated to be stable, as well as being safe and effective. Stability is achieved by ensuring that full consideration is given to each and every impact of the change. Effective MOC process requires multi-disciplinary and multifunctional reviews, appropriate levels of approval, and a consistent and rigorous procedure to ensure that changes are effectively managed. 8.4 CONSULTATION A consultation program to engage with authorities, persons and organisations relevant to the wider risks associated with the PDW activities (inclusive of spills) is outlined within Section 10 of the EP. In the event of a spill, the relevant persons identified as stakeholders would be utilised as the basis in developing and undertake consultation campaigns specific to the affected or potentially affected community or commercial group. This consultation with stakeholders in the event of a spill, other than government bodies or organisations supporting the response as outlined in previous sections of this OSCP, would be the responsibility of the EMT Liaison Officer. Technical# Rev 4 Page 101 of 169

102 9 REFERENCES AMSA, 2003a. Post Spill Monitoring: Background Paper. Prepared by Consulting and the Cawthron Institute for the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) and the Marine Safety Authority of New Zealand (MSA). Published by AMSA, Canberra. AMSA, 2003b. Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook. Prepared by Consulting and the Cawthron Institute for the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) and the Marine Safety Authority of New Zealand (MSA). Published by AMSA, Canberra. AMSA, 2007, Foreshore Assessment, Termination of Clean-up and Rehabilitation Monitoring AMSA, Commission Inquiry into the Uncontrolled Release of Oil and Gas from the Montara Wellhead Platform in the Timor Sea. AMSA, 2012a. National Plan to Combat the Pollution of the Sea by Oil and Other Noxious and Hazardous Substances, Interim Technical Guideline for the Preparation of Marine Pollution Contingency Plans for Marine and Coastal Facilities. AMSA, 2012b. The National Plan Register of Oil Spill Control Agents, available at: ants_information/register_of_spill_agents.asp. prepared on behalf of PTTEP Australasia, Montara Well Release: Monitoring Study S7.2 Oil Fate and Effects Assessment Modelling of Chemical Dispersant Operation. prepared on behalf of PTTEP Australasia, Quantative Oil Spill Modelling Study for the Montara Development in the Timor Sea. ATSEA Program (Publisher), 2011a, ATSEA Cruise Report, available at ATSEA Program (Publisher), 2011b, ATSEA Cruise Report No. 2 "RV Solander", available at Darwin Port Corporation, Port of Darwin Oil Spill Contingency Plan. Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPaC), Review of Net Environmental Benefit Analysis for the Response to the Montara Oil Well Release. Department of Transport, WestPlan Marine Oil Pollution. ITOPF, 2011, Technical Information Paper: Clean-up of oil from shorelines l prepared on behalf of PTTEP Australasia, 2013, Montara Dispersant Testing National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environment Management Authority (NOPSEMA), 2012a. Environmental Guidance, Oil Spill Contingency Planning (N GN0940). NOPSEMA, 2012b. Environment Plan Preparation Environmental Guidance Note N GL0931 Revision 0, April NOPSEMA, 2012c. Oil Spill Contingency Planning, Environmental Guidance Note N GN0940 Rev 2, July Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas (OPGGS) Storage Act, (2006). Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas (OPGGS) Storage (Environment) Regulations, Plan l prepared on behalf of PTTEP Australasia, 2013, Oiled Wildlife Response John A, Assessment of Oiled Shoreline: A Simplified Approach. 2 nd Edition. Technical# Rev 4 Page 102 of 169

103 10 ATTACHMENTS Technical# Rev 4 Page 103 of 169

104 10.1 ATTACHMENT A - PTTEP AA EMERGENCY CONTACT DIRECTORY Example only: Current version is located on the PTTEP AA intranet. From: 17 JULY 2013 To: 24 JULY 2013 Distribution List: To Contact the EMT Leader in an Emergency please use the below numbers: DEDICATED EMERGENCY RESPONSE TELEPHONE NUMBER (Diverts to the EMT Leader s Mobile) PTTEP AA Staff on Roster [All EMT members are reminded to inform their line managers of their EMT roster commitments] Function Staff Work Phone After Hours Mobile Phone Technical# Rev 4 Page 104 of 169

105 488 at the Colin Street building within one hour, then no telephone action is required by that member; if the paged member cannot respond to the call-out within one hour, then the member should call or and leave a message indicating estimated time of arrival at Colin s Street building; this phone will be interrogated by a delegated EMT member. Name SERVICE PROVIDERS / VESSELS / PROJECT CONTACT DETAILS Contact / Call Phone Sat Phone Sign Number/s u a Technical# Rev 4 Page 105 of 169

106 - FPSO Vessels Montara Venture FPSO CCR OIM ail.net *POBs are stored on the O Drive - O:\General\Emergency Management Team\POB's\Current Technical# Rev 4 Page 106 of 169

107 10.2 ATTACHMENT B EMT ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Team Role First person in ERR EMT Leader Operations Coordinator Materials and Logistics Coordinator Main responsibilities The first person to arrive at the ERR shall prepare it for use and make contact with the facility in distress. Building Security (alarm system) will automatically disarm upon entry with building access card (swipe card). Source the telephones stored in the EMT cupboards in the ERR and connect to the appropriate telephone jacks in the centre of the boardroom table. Establish contact with the appropriate facility and inform the facility that the ERR is in the process of being manned up. Give the facility the relevant EMT dedicated communication (telephone & fax) line numbers. Obtain a current situation report if possible and log this report using the EMT log sheets. Specifically ask the facility 'What are your immediate requirements from the EMT?' and log the request. Ensure all the dedicated ER equipment e.g. computers, faxes, telephones, printers, TV radio etc. are functional in the ERR, employee assistance providers room and media room. Contact IT Emergency if required. Source the prepared whiteboards and electronic whiteboard and make sure all relevant stationery is available. Lay out EMT trays in line with the relevant telephone (if applicable). Summarise key events if you know them on the whiteboard. Security for the ERR and office is in place as access is only available by the swiping of security passes. A Spare pass is available for non PTTEP AA employees who are required access to Head Office (162 Colin St). Notify the building Strata Manager using the ERR telephone (do not use the dedicated EMT telephones) to inform Building owners of the situation. Inform security of the manning up of the ERR and suggest that security monitor entrances to prevent un-authorised access. Additionally advise security that other relevant non-pttep AA personnel e.g. media, employee assistance providers, contractor representatives etc. are likely to request access to Head Office. Brief EMT members if required as they arrive and specifically address the facility's requirements from the EMT. Controls and directs the response from the Perth Emergency Control Room Develops the Incident Action Plan (IAP) Manage emergency offshore in accordance with the Incident Response Plan Single point of communications for infield and field to shore communications Ensure contact is made with the FPSO OIM or Vessel Master and obtain a situation report and assess immediate requirements Determine the composition of the EMT and mobilize them if required Develop an Incident Action Plan (IAP) to meet the aims, objectives and strategies Determine whether mobilization of the CMT is required and if so agree communication protocols between the EMT & CMT Delegate a member of the team e.g. SSHE Coordinator, to update the Statutory Authority and Combat Agencies Act as focal point for Operations Support Take over communications role with the PIC/Company Representative/PIC Obtain critical issues from the PIC and EMT and ensure they are reflected on the whiteboards and are being actioned Maintain regular and secure contact with the emergency site Co-ordinate support by the EMT with other members as necessary in line with the PIC & EMT Leader requests Support communication requirement with the CMT Act as focal point for materials and logistics requirements Identify immediate supply and logistic support requirements Agree priorities with the EMT Leader Maintain a personal log of events, decisions and actions When requested by the EMT Leader establish contact with: Technical# Rev 4 Page 107 of 169

108 Team Role Recorder Telephone Reception/Security Darwin Supply & Logistics Base Planning Coordinator Main responsibilities TST (Mungalalu Truscott Airfield (Aviation Support Base)) Helicopter and fixed wing aircraft providers The Darwin Supply & Logistics Base Other service providers as requested by the EMT Leader e.g. support vessels Coordinate actions with the Planning Coordinator Organize supply and transportation of contractors, materials and equipment required for emergency control as required by the EMT Leader. Notify Darwin Supply & Logistics Base of the situation and ask for assistance if required Provide support to the EMT Official recorder for the EMT Obtain an incident briefing from the EMT leader, including subsequent actions taken Maintain a log of events for personal decisions and actions Transfer significant information to the whiteboards, including a schedule of events e.g. time and action Ensure the tracking of all personnel involved in the incident is maintained throughout the incident Maintain and ensure accurate information is available on the whiteboards Create an distribution list for relevant communications During the EMT Leader briefing sessions monitor whether the information discussed ins consistent with the records and advise the EMT Leader of discrepancies Handle communication during emergency Provide services on communication and office security in support of emergency Obtain an incident briefing, including subsequent actions taken Obtain the duty EMT roster Maintain a log of calls (including time of call) Screen and route incoming calls to responders as appropriate and deny incoming calls requesting contact with any facility Hold visitors at reception and contact the relevant EMT member for action as required Provide supply and logistics services in support of emergency/oil spill Identify and activate local emergency service providers as required for the emergency response Liaise directly with the facilities in support of the emergency when delegated by the EMT When the emergency is over collate all the logs made during the emergency in issue a report to Perth Provide focal point for planning activities contained in the Incident Action Plan (IAP) in support of emergency Ensure coordination and monitoring of the Incident Action Plan with input from the Operations Coordinator and Logistics Coordinator in consultation with the EMT Leader. This includes consolidation of the IAP aims, objectives, strategies and tactics developed by the EMT under the direction of the EMT Leader Obtain an incident briefing, including subsequent actions taken, and identify immediate planning requirements and agree priorities with the EMT Leader Maintain a log of information, decisions and actions, record times of all calls Ensure that notifications to the relevant regulatory authority are completed, including but not limited to: NOPSEMA AusSAR AMSA AMOSC Oil spill contacts Liaise with the Operations Coordinator for capturing the operational needs and Logistics Coordinator the tracking of deployment of resources required for the Incident Action Plan (IAP) Collect, process and organize information and data (e.g. weather, sea-state, oil spill modelling) and disseminate the IAP Technical# Rev 4 Page 108 of 169

109 Team Role Employee and Relative Response Coordinator Media and external Affairs Coordinator Main responsibilities Notify the EMT leader of the need to update IAP as required Monitor the progress of the response against the IAP in terms of the stated aims, objectives, strategies and tactics. The Employee and Relative Response Coordinator is not part of the initial EMT call-out however if the EMT Leader determines employee and relative response support is required then an Employee and Relative Response Coordinator will be nominated. The Employee and Relative Response Coordinator as a joint member of the EMT and CMT will manage all Human Resource support for the EMT and the CMT. This may require mobilising additional personnel to an Employee and Relative Response Group, and acquiring additional office and resource support. This will be agreed by the EMT Leader and mobilisation will be done by the Employee and Relative Response Coordinator. HR support in Darwin will be available if required from employee assistance providers and will be managed by the Employee and Relative Response Coordinator. Obtain an incident briefing, including subsequent actions taken, and identify immediate HR requirements with the EMT Leader. Maintain a log of events for personal decisions and actions. Agree priorities and resource requirements with the EMT Leader. Confirm whether employee assistance providers or additional HR Support is required. Ensure relevant resources for the Employee and Relative Response Group (ERRG) are in place. Advise Reception of their relevant telephone contact numbers. Ensure copies of the Media Holding Statement are available for the ERRG. Obtain and confirm POB lists and status & location of all personnel (PTTEP AA and contractors) involved in the incident. Establish contact with relevant contractor representatives and agree responsibilities with those involved. Ensure there is a clear understanding with contractor companies on communicating information regarding incident and casualties. Ensure PTTEP AA and contractor (if required) next of kin/emergency contact information is available to the ERRG. Ensure in the case of multiple casualties or evacuations, that the next of kin/emergency contact data is integrated with the POB lists. Ensure the ERRG are given regular updates of information e.g. media releases, information about employees that are 'safe'. Liaise with the Media and External Affairs Coordinator to ensure consistency of information from the EMT - the same information must be given to all potential contacts. Coordinate with the Media and External Affairs Coordinator, the requirements to control media at the casualty reception point. Act as a point of contact and advise on all media and external affairs related issues and liaison with Media and External Affairs Group (MEAG) Provide advice on all media & external affairs related issues in support of emergency. Obtain a briefing on current status from the EMT Leader. Maintain a log of events for personal decisions and actions. Prepare a Media Holding Statement immediately, if this has not already been done by the EMT Leader. Distribute the Media Holding Statement to all relevant parties e.g. Employee and Relative Response Coordinator, facilities, Company representatives, TST, Darwin Supply & Logistics Base and PTTEP AA receptionists. Appoint an interface between the EMT and the MEAG. Brief the PTTEP AA receptionist on telephone arrangements and ensure all telephone numbers allocated to the MEAG in the PTTEP AA office are disseminated and known. In consultation with the CMT :- In a major incident where there may be a large media interest, set up and manage the Media. Call in staff as required. Liaise with the Corporate Affairs Adviser. Create media distribution lists for any media release i.e. /fax distribution list. Prepare to respond to media inquiries. Technical# Rev 4 Page 109 of 169

110 Team Role Safety, Security, Health & Environment (SSHE) Coordinator Engineering Coordinator Main responsibilities Ensure that all updated Media Holding Statements and Press Releases issued by the CMT are viewed by the EMT Leader and are promptly issued to all relevant parties as described earlier. In consultation with the Corporate Affairs Adviser and the CMT decide whether a press conference should be arranged and make arrangements, including the briefing of PTTEP AA spokespersons. Liaise with the CMT to provide a spokesperson at relevant sites to control media, families and other interested parties. Assist EMT during an emergency Provide SSHE services in support of emergency The EMT Leader determines the SSHE support required in an oil spill and nominates the SSHE Coordinator Provides specialist Health, Safety and Environmental advice and general support to the EMT. The SSHH also ensures, with the EMT Leader, that the processes and intent of the OSCP and Emergency Response Plan are met Obtain an incident briefing, including subsequent actions taken, and identify immediate SSHE requirements with the EMT Leader. Maintain a personal log of events, decisions and actions. In consultation with the EMT Leader:- Evaluate priority for movement of casualties. Assist where necessary with interactions between hospitals, trauma counselling etc. Discuss with the EMT Leader implications of response to the incident in order to identify high-risk issues. Where risk solutions are proposed, ensure an effective risk evaluation is undertaken to minimise or mitigate the risk. Coordinate the implementation of any oil spill response requirement and provide specialist advice as appropriate. In consultation with the EMT Leader, make arrangements for the incident investigation, debrief and analysis of the incident/emergency response - all of which should be fully documented. Carry out the debrief for all those involved in the response as soon as possible after the incident, documenting any identified improvements for future reference. Assist EMT during an emergency and liaison with Technical Support Group (TSG) Obtain an incident briefing, including subsequent actions taken, and identify immediate engineering requirements with the EMT Leader. Maintain a log of events for personal decisions and actions. Mobilise engineering specialists as required and form a Technical Support Group (TSG). Manage the TSG activities and conduct damage assessment and determine corrective actions to prevent further deterioration of the facility integrity. Give advice to the EMT Leader as to the safest course of action from a facility integrity viewpoint to prevent escalation. Technical# Rev 4 Page 110 of 169

111 10.3 ATTACHMENT C EMT CHECKLISTS ERT 01 OIM EMERGENCY CONTROLLER (EC) ERT 01 OIM EMERGENCY CONTROLLER (EC) Location Onsite Responsibilities: The FPSO OIM is responsible for ensuring that an effective response is mounted by the on-site ERT. The OIM will authorise an immediate response (to be confirmed by the PTTEP AA EMT Leader). Response Phase Reporting and Mobilisation Incident Assessment Immediate Response Response Termination Action Obtain details of spill and actions taken from the person in charge (PIC). Verify safety of personnel, vessel, aircraft and FPSO. Complete POLREP (OSCP Form 01) and provide to EMT Leader. Inform PTTEP AA Operations Supervisor. Call out Site/facility ERT. Assess the incident in consultation with PIC. Inform standby vessel and request that it monitors the movement of the slick (provided its services are not required for more urgent response duties). If needed, request spill trajectory/fate predictions from EMT Leader. Establish source of leak and isolate or shut down equipment as necessary. Be aware of sources of ignition. Sound General Alarm if circumstances dictate or make PA announcement. Stop all hot work. Attempt to contain spill on deck and commence clean-up operations at once. Confirm and approve (or not) on-site immediate response actions. Activate additional ERT members as needed. Liaise with EMT Leader if additional resources required through EMT. Start and maintain a log of events and personal log. Ensure the ERT is briefed and given regular updates. Undertake tasks as required by the EMT Leader. Request provision of ERT support as required. Terminate response if conditions are met. Inform all ERT staff of stand-down. Ensure a safe and complete demobilisation. Obtain written report/ verbal debrief from ERT Officers. Status/Time END OF OIM CHECKLIST Compile Incident Report. Technical# Rev 4 Page 111 of 169

112 ERT 02 - VESSEL MASTER ERT 02 VESSEL MASTERS Location Vessel Responsibilities: Vessel Masters are responsible for the safety of crew and vessels. They may, upon the direction of the Operations Coordinator (or EMT Leader) or Government On Scene Controller (Tier 2/3 response), deploy booms or sorbents, monitor the slick or undertake other actions as may be required. Response Phase Action Status/Time Reporting If spill report is received from crew: a Verify report and obtain details (see OSCP Form 01). b Report spill as per OSCP Section 4. Authorise application of fire foam (or dispersant) if and only if oil presents a fire hazard. If spill is, or may be from vessel report spill to: a PTTEP AA OIM. Immediate Actions Response Termination b AMSA (spills to Commonwealth waters). Take steps to stop any release of oil from the vessel. Monitor slick and update Operations Coordinator or ECC. Take actions as directed by the EC/Operations Coordinator/EMT Leader/PIC. Maintain a complete log. On notification by the EMT Leader/PIC, stop operations. Recover any deployed equipment and check against deployment log. Undertake a roll call. Clean deck and crew. Proceed to nominated stand-down area. Debrief crew. END OF VESSEL MASTER CHECKLIST Submit records to the EMT Leader/State On Scene Controller upon request. Technical# Rev 4 Page 112 of 169

113 ERT 03 EMT LEADER ERT 03 EMT Leader Location Onshore Responsibilities: The PTTEP AA EMT Leader is responsible for the overall management of a Tier 1 response and control of the Emergency Management Team (EMT). This control extends over all phases of the response from the EMT activation to response termination and demobilisation. The role and functions of the EMT Leader in a Tier 1 response are set out below. The EMT Leader is responsible for the development of the Incident Action Plan (IAP) assisted by the Planning Officer. The EMT Leader will monitor and assist the ERT in on-site response but may assume control if on site capacity is exceeded. Response Phase Reporting and Mobilisation Incident Assessment Response Response Action Obtain details of spill and actions taken. Verify that personnel and public are safe. Authorise immediate response actions (containment, security), deploy field response teams. Ensure that POLREP (OSCP Form 01) has been completed. Callout rostered EMT members. Verify that POLREP (and telephone call) was received by: a Production Operations Manager. b Operations Manager. c CEO. d Shore Base Supervisor (if a vessel spill). If spill is (or could be) >80litres confirm notification of, or notify on behalf of the Operations Manager: a AMSA. b NT DoT. c NOPSEMA. d NT DME e Port Authority (if a spill in Port). f. SEWPAC g WA DoT Proceed to ECC. Establish ECC. Establish communications between ECC and agencies. Predict slick trajectory and/or commission trajectory modelling Confirm or revise immediate response actions taken. Establish OSR surveillance and monitoring programme. Initiate Planning and Response procedures Reassess the incident. If a potential Tier2/3 consult Operations Manager (Crisis Manager). In consultation with the Statutory Authority and AMSA, determine or confirm the following: a Response Tier. b Control Agency c IMT organisation. Mobilise additional EMT resources as appropriate. Maintain a personal log. Within 2 hours, send updated POLREP or SITREP to Agencies Issue regular Situation Reports (SITREPs) as needed. If needed, activate AMOSC and request assistance from AMSA via PTTEPAA Authorising Officer. Keep Agencies, PTTEPAA and Contractors informed via issue of Status/Time Technical# Rev 4 Page 113 of 169

114 ERT 03 EMT Leader Location Onshore Responsibilities: The PTTEP AA EMT Leader is responsible for the overall management of a Tier 1 response and control of the Emergency Management Team (EMT). This control extends over all phases of the response from the EMT activation to response termination and demobilisation. The role and functions of the EMT Leader in a Tier 1 response are set out below. The EMT Leader is responsible for the development of the Incident Action Plan (IAP) assisted by the Planning Officer. The EMT Leader will monitor and assist the ERT in on-site response but may assume control if on site capacity is exceeded. Response Phase Action Continued SITREPs: 2 SITREPS per day recommended for days 1-2, then daily SITREP Plan response as per OSCP Undertake daily (AM) briefings. Monitor slick through regular: I Modelling. Ii Surveillance (air and/or ground). Monitor response. Monitor EMT staffing needs and direct Logistics Officer to appoint/contract staff as required. Arrange relief for IMT members (prevent fatigue). Coordinate PTTEPAA media and community liaison operations. Termination Terminate response if conditions are met or if instructed by Incident Controller (Tier 2/3). Ensure that all EMT staff are informed of stand-down. Monitor, and ensure a safe and complete demobilisation. Undertake final debrief of EMT If required or considered necessary, prepare written report. END OF EMT LEADER FORM Status/Time Technical# Rev 4 Page 114 of 169

115 ERT 04 - COMMUNICATIONS ERT 04 Communications Location Onshore Responsibilities: The FPSO radio operator is responsible for establishing and maintaining communications with the EMT (Perth) and Shore Base and for making and receiving radio and other communications as instructed by the OIM. The Radio Operator must keep an accurate log of all calls relating to the response. Response Phase Action Status/Time Immediate Actions and Response Start Personal Log. Attend initial meeting by EC. Establish and maintain a communications between FPSO, Vessels, Shore Base, Air Base and PTTEP AA EMT (Perth). Maintain a complete record of communications. Termination On notification by the Emergency Controller, stop operations. Attend EC ERT debrief if required Ensure that all distributed communications equipment is returned. Compile final list of consumed, lost or damaged equipment. Ensure that all radio records are given to the EC. End of Communications Form Technical# Rev 4 Page 115 of 169

116 ERT 05 PLANNING SUPPORT ERT 05 Planning Support Location Onshore Responsibilities: Planning of the response is the responsibility of the EMT Leader but involves all key EMT personnel and advisers. The EMT can assist the EC in developing and implementing longer term response. Planning encompasses the acquisition, assessment and distribution of information about the incident, response and environment and the development of the Incident Action Plan (IAP). The latter includes the monitoring of the performance of the response against the objectives of the IAP. Response Phase Reporting and Mobilisation Response Termination Action Upon mobilization by the EMT Leader report to the ECC Set up ECC Ensure that notifications are complete (Check that POLREPS have been sent) Start and maintain a log of events and personal log Assist EMT Leader as required. Compile and disseminate initial Incident Action Plan (IAP) Obtain aerial surveillance data, display and keep records. Obtain trajectory modelling output, display and keep records. Monitor response status against IAP Notify EMT Leader of need to update IAP Coordinate planning meetings and update IAP as required. Manage ECC Upon instruction from the EMT Leader: a Compile all data b Ensure that all equipment is returned c Assist EC in compiling Status Report End of Planning Support Form Status/Time Technical# Rev 4 Page 116 of 169

117 ERT 06 LOGISTICS SUPPORT ERT 06 Logistics Support Location Onshore Responsibilities: The Logistics Officer is responsible for obtaining equipment, services and transport for deploying resources to work sites. Note: the Operational Officer may appoint a Marine Coordinator (MC) and/or a Shoreline Coordinator (SC) to assist in the response. Response Phase Reporting and Activation Immediate Actions Response Action Proceed to ECC if mobilised to the EMT. Assist PO to set up ECC Attend briefing and make a list of immediate requirements re a ECC needs (stationary, communications etc.) b OSR equipment c OSR services d OSR personnel Start and maintain a log of events and personal log Compile list of immediate needs. Acquire high priority materials and services as directed by the EMT LEADER Ensure external resources and services are identified, available and procured as needed. a Aircraft (observation and/or dispersant). b Vessels. c Marine response equipment. d Shoreline response equipment. e Personal protective equipment. f Waste containers. g Labour. Maintain a record of contracted services, labour, equipment and supplies used. If required, organise waste disposal. Ensure that PTTEPAA standards are met, including necessary approvals. Termination Recover any deployed equipment and check against deployment log. Collate costs for EMT Leader Submit records to the EMT Leader. End of Logistics Support Form Status/Time Technical# Rev 4 Page 117 of 169

118 ERT 07 SSHE CO-ORDINATOR ERT 07 SSHE Co-ordinator Location Onshore Responsibilities: The SSHE Coordinator will advise the EMT Leader on environmental issues and will assist the EMT Leader in response planning, liaison with environmental agencies and waste management. Response Phase Reporting & Mobilisation Response Action If mobilised by the EMT Leader proceed to ECC or as directed. Maintain a personal log. Attend incident briefing and identify environmental issues Contact AMSA ESC and request resource data from OSRA. Run ADIOS model to predict oil behaviour. Commission OILMAP modelling Advise EMT Leader and of environmental sensitivities and strategies for minimising harm. Undertake a Net Environmental Benefit Assessment (NEBA) of response options as required. Assist in operational monitoring. If required establish environmental (scientific monitoring) programme. Calculate waste type and volumes. Develop a Waste Management Plan if required Termination Attend debrief as required. Review environmental and waste sections of OSCP. End of SSHE Co-ordinator Form Status/Time Technical# Rev 4 Page 118 of 169

119 10.4 ATTACHMENT D SPILL REPORTING AND NOTIFICATION FORMS AMSA POLREP Form ( data/assets/pdf_file/0019/22663/polrep_form.pdf) Technical# Rev 4 Page 119 of 169

120 Technical# Rev 4 Page 120 of 169

121 Technical# Rev 4 Page 121 of 169

122 SITUATION REPORT FORM (SITREP) Priority Urgent Immediate Standard/ Routine This Form is to be completed with as much information as possible (regardless of the size of the spill) and faxed to PTTEP AA OIM who may forward it to: PTTEP AA CEO AMSA EPG NTDLP NTDoR NOPSEMA Ref. No. Date of SITREP Time of SITREP / / : (AM/PM) Final SITREP? Yes No Next SITREP Due: : on / / Incident Name POLREP Reference Location of Oil Description: Latitude Longitude SITREP Prepared By Name Agency Position/ Role 1. Summary of Incident Events Since Last Report (POLREP/SITREP) 2. Expected Developments Contact Telephone Fax Mobile Slick position Trajectory Slick description (aerial observation) Slick area Oil description Aerial response activities Marine response activities Shoreline activities Wildlife 3. Areas Threatened TURN OVER FOR PAGE 2 OF SITREP Technical# Rev 4 Page 122 of 169

123 4. Planned Actions 5. Resources Deployed (equipment and labour) 6. Details of Assistance Required 7. Other information Aerial Marine Shoreline Other Aerial Marine Shoreline Other Attachments? Yes No If Yes Note No of Pages Attached: Additional Comments, Notes or Diagrams: END SITREP FORM Technical# Rev 4 Page 123 of 169

124 Potential Hazard Identification Form A B C D E Hazards associated with the spilled product. A.1 Presence of volatile oils or other chemicals: A.1.1 Inhalation A.1.2 Fire and explosion risk. A.2 Presence of oil or toxic chemicals: A.2.1 Ingestion. A.2.2 Skin contact (dermatitis or chemical irritation). A.3 Check product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Hazards associated with the physical environment. B.1 Slips, trips and falls (assess site and access route). B.2 Tides (check tide levels, times and access). B.3 Currents, rips and eddies. B.4 Deep water (risk of drowning). B.5 Reefs and marine (boating) hazards. B.6 Weather: B.6.1 Storms/ strong winds/cyclones. B.6.2 Heat (heat exhaustion/heat stroke). B.6.3 Exposure (sunburn). B.6.4 Cold (hypothermia). B.7 Slippery or loose surfaces. B.8 Cliffs. B.9 Mudflats (deep unconsolidated muds). Hazards associated with the biological environment. C.1 Handling of oiled birds/ animals (particularly eye injuries). C.2 Presence of dangerous wildlife. Hazards associated with the clean-up. D.1 Injuries from machinery: D.1.1 Burns and scalds. D.1.2 Crushed or broken limbs, hands D.2 Use of equipment D. 2.1 Risk of injury (restrict use by trained personnel) D.2.2 Fire and explosion (see A.1, is equipment intrinsically safe) D.3 Presence of vehicles (collisions/ accidents). D.4 Handling/storage/use of chemicals and cleaning agents. D.5 Handling and storage of fuels and lubricants D.6 Manual handling/lifting (back / lifting injuries). Hazards associated with response personnel. E.1 Conditions arising from alcohol and / or drug use. E.2 Adequacy of supervision levels. E.3 Conditions arising from existing medical conditions. E.2.1 Heart attacks. E.2.2 Epileptic seizure. E.2.3 Hypo/hyperglycaemic) episodes (diabetes). E.2.4 Asthma attack. Technical# Rev 4 Page 124 of 169

125 Mobilisation Authorisation Form Safety and Security Our Safety Policy requires assure the safety and security of our personnel when deployed to site. It is critical that these elements are reviewed and approved as robust prior to deployment. Our Management Team will work with the client to ensure that all aspects are fully addressed. WARNING! Ensure telephone contact has been established with the Duty Manager before using and fax To communications. Duty Manager Details of Authoriser Subject Date Name Company Position Contact Telephone Number Contact Mobile Number Contact Address Safety Officer Contact Mobilisation of Oil Spill Response Limited Incident Name Invoice Address Purchase Order Number I, authorise the activation and its resources in connection with the above incident under the terms of the Agreement in place between above stated Signature: Technical# Rev 4 Page 125 of 169

126 If Oil Spill Response Limited personnel are to work under another party s direction please complete details below: Additional Details Name Company Position Contact Telephone Number Contact Mobile Number Contact Address Technical# Rev 4 Page 126 of 169

127 10.5 ATTACHMENT E INCIDENT ACTION PLAN PROCEDURE PTTEPAA OSR GUIDELINEs & PROCEDURES EMERGENCY CONTROLLER (EMT Leader) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INCIDENT ACTION PLAN (IAP) (TIER 1) Task Action Action Status 1 Set Response Aim This Response Aim is a broad statement of the over riding aim of the response, i.e. what the response is aiming to achieve. It may also set priorities. The aim may be set by the EMT Leader, Crisis Manager or Statutory Authority. EMT Leader (EMT Leader) These are goal statements and indicate desired individual outcomes of the response (e.g. containment and recovery at location A). They are generally set by the EMT Leader. 2 Set Objectives Objectives may be set for all functions within the response. For example "Delivery of equipment to the Shore Base" might be an objective for the Logistics Officer. Entire EMT Objectives should be ranked according to priorities, which are decided by the EMT Leader. 3 Determine Response Strategies Strategies describe how the EMT (in particular Operations) plan to achieve the stated objectives. Strategy options may be limited by weather, availability of equipment or by a range of operational constraints. A Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) may be required for some strategies (e.g. use of dispersants) Relevant EMT Officers SSHE Coordinator Some strategies may require regulatory approval (e.g. dispersant use). Obtain any permits required. EMT Leader (EMT Leader) 4 Determine Tactics or Methods 5 Prepare/ Review Methods for implementing may be written as a series of tasks detailing the deployment of personnel and equipment. This may include, aerial surveillance, marine response, media, etc. Relevant EMT Officers Sub Plan s: The Logistics Officer should compile a list of Logistics equipment, personnel and service requirements for the Officer (LO) planned response. Technical# Rev 4 Page 127 of 169

128 PTTEPAA OSR GUIDELINEs & PROCEDURES EMERGENCY CONTROLLER (EMT Leader) DEVELOPMENT OF AN INCIDENT ACTION PLAN (IAP) (TIER 1) Task Action Action Status 6 Collate the IAP Collate the IAP (Aim, Objectives, Strategies, Methods and Logistics etc.) and distribute to EMT and EMT officers. Planning Officer (PO) 7 Approve IAP 8 Monitor The EMT Leader must approve the IAP and any revisions to the IAP. The EMT Leader is responsible for ensuring that the IAP is consistent with regulatory requirements and this OSCP. Monitor the progress of the response and assess against objectives. EMT Leader (EMT Leader) Planning Officer (PO) 9 Revise IAP Notify EMT Leader of the need to revise the IAP. Repeat this process during the response as the situation, objectives, strategies or tactics change, Technical# Rev 4 Page 128 of 169

129 This Procedure should be used by the EMT Leader and/or Planning Officer Phase/ Task Action Responsibility Check Briefing 1 Brief key EMT Officer/Coordinators: a Current situation: i Spill location. ii iii iv Spill size. Statutory/Combat Agencies. Tier/ Resources mobilised. EMT Leader/ Planning Officer. b Predicted situation: i ii Trajectory. Resources at risk/ effects. 2 State Aim (or Policy) of Response. Develop IAP Sub Plans 3 Develop and rank response objectives, based on protection priorities. PO, SSHEC 4 Develop Strategies for each Objective. PO 5 Develop Tactics for each Strategy. 6 Identify/obtain any permits required for strategies, e.g. dispersant use. EMT Leader/ SSHEC 7 Prepare/Review Sub Plans: * a Communications Sub Plan. LO * b H&S Sub Plan. SSHEC * c Wildlife Sub Plan. SSHEC * d Media Sub Plan. MLO * Logistics 8 Determine need for and location of, LO Advanced Operations Centres or Staging Areas. IAP 9 Document Aim, Objectives and Strategies EMT Leader/ Preparation and prepare Draft Incident Action Plan. PO Technical# Rev 4 Page 129 of 169

130 Phase/ Task Action Responsibility Check 10 Attach Sub Plans to Incident Action Plan PO * (IAP). 11 Prepare revised lists of resource needs for All EMT Officers submission to Logistics Officer. Approval 12 Approve IAP. EMT Leader PROCESS TO BE REPEATED THROUGHOUT THE RESPONSE AS SCENARIO, OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES OR TACTICS CHANGE END IAP Procedure Technical# Rev 4 Page 130 of 169

131 10.6 ATTACHMENT F OIL SPILL EQUIPMENT INVENTORY PTTEP AA 10 ft Container on Support Vessel Quantity Item Intermediate bulk container (IBC) 1 m 3 of Slick Gone 2 dispersant* 1 Dispersant spray pump and booms 4 3-m T270 Sorbent Boom (4 per bag) 4 HP156 Sorbent Pads (packs of 100) 1 Tracker Buoy 1 Box of PPE 20 foot Container (x 2 based in Darwin) Quantity Item Heavy Duty Oil Boom and Reel 1 LAMOR Heavy Duty Offshore Oil Boom 1200 (200m) 1 Boom Reel Heavy Construction 1 LAMOR LPP 7 HA/B8 Hydraulic Power Pack Minimax 12 Skimmer System 1 Brush Skimmer Minimax 12 W/S with associated hoses 1 LAMOR LPP 6 HA Hydraulic Power Pack Dispersant Spray System 1 Model 3210 Dispersant Spray System including spray arms and hoses 2 1,000L Dispersant DASIC Slickgone NS Tanks 1 11-Tonne Collapsible Storage Tanks 1 50-Tonne Deck Tank with 2 ½ inch ball valve and 2 ½ to 3inch adaptor Sorbent Materials 4 Sorbent Booms (3M T270) (Bag of 4x3m) 1 Sorbent Pads (HP156) (Bag of 100) PPE 1 Box of PEE (containing gloves, goggles, overalls) Technical# Rev 4 Page 131 of 169

132 Truscott Airbase Quantity 5 Item Intermediate bulk container (IBC) 1 m 3 of Slick Gone dispersant* 10 x Intermediate bulk container (IBC) Cyclone Proof Storage container 1 1 Spate 75C dispersant transfer pump AMOSC Exmouth Equipment Type Total Qty Location Skimmers 12K Disc Skimmer 1 Exmouth RoMop OM240DP 1 Exmouth GT185 Skimmer 1 Exmouth Ro Vac 1 Exmouth Power Packs, Pumps & Accessories GT185 Power 1 Exmouth Pack & Hyd Hoses 12K Spate Pump 1 Exmouth Booms Zoom Boom 500 mtr Exmouth Beach Guardian 400 mtr Exmouth Boom Accessorises Dispersant Spraying Equipment Beach Guardian 1 Exmouth Boom Deployment Kits Shore Anchor Kits 1 Exmouth Viko Spray Unit 1 Exmouth Simplex Heli 1 Exmouth Bucket Dispersant Transfer Pump 1 Exmouth Sorbents Sorbent Pads HP156 Sorbent Boom T270 4 Bales Exmouth 4 Bales Exmouth Waste Storage Fastank 9000 Exmouth 1000 ltr IBC 6 Exmouth Containers 200 Ltr Plastic Tub 1 Exmouth Trailers Tandem Trailer Rego# D Steam Cleaner/Generator Set 1 Exmouth 1 Exmouth General Oiled Fauna Kit 1 Exmouth Decontamination 1 Exmouth Technical# Rev 4 Page 132 of 169

133 Kit Wheel Barrows 10 Exmouth PPE Stock Crate 1 Exmouth Geelong Equipment Type Qty Avail Total Qty Location Skimmers 12K Disc Skimmer 2 2 Geelong 30K Disc Skimmer 2 2 Geelong Canadyne Mutli 1 1 Geelong Head Skimmer RoMop OM240DP 1 1 Geelong RoMop OM260DP 2 2 Geelong RoSkim 2 2 Geelong Desmi Geelong Skimmer GT185 Skimmer 1 1 Geelong RoVac Unit 2 2 Geelong Power Packs, Pumps & Accessories Booms Boom Accessorises Dispersant Spraying Equipment GT185 Power 1 1 Geelong Pack & Hyd Hoses 12K Spate Pump 2 2 Geelong 30K Spate Pump 2 2 Geelong GP Transfer Pump 3 3 Geelong DOT 160 Transfer 1 1 Geelong Pump RoBoom Power 4 4 Geelong Packs Lamor LPP 3 3 Geelong RoBoom 1500 & Geelong Reels Zoom Boom mtrs Geelong mtrs Beach Guardian mtrs Geelong mtrs Fence Boom 80 mtrs 80 mtrs Geelong DW600 Fence Boom 160mtrs 160mtrs Geelong DW mm Solid flotation Boom 1500mtrs 1500mtrs Geelong Beach Guardian 3 3 Geelong Boom Deployment Kits Shore Anchor Kits 4 4 Geelong Boom Anchor Kits 6 6 Geelong Viko Spray Unit 1 3 Geelong Afedo Spray Unit 3 6 Geelong Dispersant 1 1 Geelong Transfer Pump Simplex Heli Bucket (Petrol Engine) 1 2 Geelong Technical# Rev 4 Page 133 of 169

134 Simplex Heli Bucket (24V) 0 3 Geelong Sorbents Sorbent Pads 54 Bales 54 Bales Geelong HP156 Sorbent Boom 55 Bales 55 Bales Geelong T270 Sorbent Snares 1 Pallet 1 Pallet Geelong RoMops 2 Pallets 2 Pallets Geelong Waste Storage Fastank Geelong Viko Tank Geelong Lancer Barge 3 3 Geelong IBC Geelong Communications VHF Handheld 6 6 Geelong Radios UHF Handheld 6 6 Geelong Radios Air Band Radio 1 1 Geelong Tracking Buoys I Sphere 1 16 Geelong Vessels Zodiac & Trailer 1 1 Geelong Old Zodiac & 0 1 Geelong Trailer Egmopol Barge 1 1 Geelong Vehicles Nissan Ute, Reg: SLJ 712 Nissan Ute, Reg: WQW ton Crane Truck, Reg: YIT Geelong 1 1 Geelong 1 1 Geelong Trailers Training Trailer 2 2 Geelong General Support 1 1 Geelong Trailer Tool Trailer 1 1 Geelong Steam Cleaner/Generator Set 1 1 Geelong General Oiled Fauna Kit 1 1 Geelong Decontamination 2 2 Geelong Kit Beach Wash 1 1 Geelong Down Kit Off Shore Containers 10ft 1 4 Geelong Technical# Rev 4 Page 134 of 169

135 BROOME Equipment Type Total Qty Location Comments Booms Zoom Boom 200 mtr Broome Beach Guardian 100 mtr Broome RoBoom 2 Broome RoBoom Power Pack & Accessories 1 Broome Boom Accessorises Beach Guardian 1 Broome Boom Deployment Kits Shore Anchor Kits 1 Broome Sorbents Sorbent Pads HP156 Sorbent Boom T Bales Broome 100 sheets per bale 10 Bales Broome 4 x 3m length per bale Waste Storage Viko Tank Broome 1000 ltr IBC 2 Broome Containers Technical# Rev 4 Page 135 of 169

136 AMSA Darwin MOSES Number Item Darwin - Oil Spill Shed, East Arm Wharf, Berrimah, Darwin PDI Containment - Boom - Shoreline - Structureflex Land Sea 100m PDI11634 Containment - Boom - Shoreline - Structureflex Land Sea 100m PDI12491 Containment - Boom - Shoreline - Structureflex Land Sea 140m PDI12520 Containment - Boom - Shoreline - Structureflex Land Sea 200m PDO Ancillary - Anchor - Small, Set of 5, 15kg 1 PDO Ancillary - Anchor - Small, Set of 5, 15kg 1 PDF7661A BOOM, SELF BOUYANT, SLICKBAR, Mk32 600m Containment - Boom - General Purpose - Self Inflating - Versatech PDH4239 Zooom 12/18 350m PBD TOWABLE STORAGE BAG 20t COVERTEX 1 BP PUMP, BALLASTING, ONGA/HONDA 1 BP PUMP, BALLASTING, ONGA/HONDA 1 PUMP, BALLASTING, ROBIN 1 PUMP, BALLASTING, ROBIN 1 PAL13003 PUMP, DISPERSANT TRANSFER, DAVEY 1 PAL PUMP, DISPERSANT TRANSFER, FIXED WING 1 PDD4463 SKIMMER, ROPE MOP, ORI PIRANHA PDK13008 BUCKET, SPRAY, DISPERSANT, HELICOPTER, SIMPLEX PDK5098 BUCKET, SPRAY, DISPERSANT, HELICOPTER, SIMPLEX IP Ancillary - Blower Back-Pack - Stihl BR420 1 IP Ancillary - Blower Back-Pack - Stihl BR420 1 PBD4475 Storage - Towable - Recovered Oil Tank, Transpac 2.6t 1 PBD4385 Storage - Towable - Recovered Oil Tank, Transpac 2.6t 1 VCA4229 TRAILER, BOX, TANDEM AXLE 1 BOOM, INFLATABLE, GP, CANADYNE 100m BOOM, INFLATABLE, GP, CANADYNE BOOM, INFLATABLE, GP, CANADYNE BOOM, INFLATABLE, GP, CANADYNE BOOM, INFLATABLE, GP, CANADYNE Backpack Blower Stihl Backpack Blower Stihl Ancillary - Anchor - Small, Set of 5, 15kg 1 Ancillary - Anchor - Small, Set of 5, 15kg Ancillary - Anchor - Small, Set of 5, 30kg 1 Ancillary - Anchor - Small, Set of 5, 30kg 1 Aluminium Ladder 1 240V Fan (blue) 1 AFEDO single point spray system 1 AFEDO single point spray system 1 Containment - Sweep System -Current Buster 1 Skimmer - Weir - Lamor 50T 1 Skimmer - Multi Head - Small 1 Qty 100m 100m 100m 100m Skimmer - Multi Head - Small 1 Containment - Boom - Offshore - Rapid Response Ocean High Sprint Boom 300m Containment - Boom - Offshore - LAMOR Heavy Duty Open Water Wild life kit 1 600m Technical# Rev 4 Page 136 of 169

137 AMOSC, AMSA and OSRL Dispersant Stocks Dispersants used for a response will be those which have been tested and approved by AMSA, and are listed on the Oil Spill Control Agent Register: ( ersants_information/list_of_oilspill_agents.asp). The AMSA Oil Spill Control Agent Register has been established so that dispersants used in the event of a spill have passed rigorous environmental toxicity testing. No dispersants subject to the transitional arrangements (dispersants on hand prior to 1 January 2012) are to be used during response operations until such time they are demonstrated to meet Australian Standards (ie. are listed on the above Oil Spill Control Agent Register). AMSA dispersants are on the National Plan Register of Oil Spill Control Agents (OSCA) as of August 2013 are listed below: Dasic Slickgone NS; and Dasic Slickgone EW. Support Agency Dispersant Volume of Dispersant (m 3 ) AMOSC Slickgone NS AMSA Slickgone NS 176 OSRL Slickgone NS 393 Slickgone EW 29 Technical# Rev 4 Page 137 of 169

138 Dasic International, located in the UK, is the manufacturer of the Slickgone product line. Dasic are capable of producing a continuous supply of dispersant to Australia of up to 54 m 3 of product per day within 14 days - as long as all the raw materials are available. Technical# Rev 4 Page 138 of 169

139 Technical# Rev 4 Page 139 of 169

140 10.7 ATTACHMENT G NET ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT ASSESSMENT PROCESS A Net Environmental Benefit Assessment (NEBA) will be undertaken in the event of a Tier 2/3 spill in order to identify and compare net environmental benefits of alternative spill response options. The NEBA process will be utilised for all Tier 2/3 spills prior to commencement of a response and continually throughout the response to identify ALARP response options to reduce the environmental impact of the spill. This attachment contains: NEBA Procedure; NEBA Coversheet Template; and NEBA Template Technical# Rev 4 Page 140 of 169

141 NEBA Procedure PROCEDURE Responsibility Timing Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) The SSHE Co-ordinator will be responsible for the completion of the NEBA, with the assistance of an Environmental Advisor. The Environmental Advisor is to have technical competence to undertake the NEBA assessment and have a thorough understanding of the potential areas to be impacted and sensitivities that exist at these places. An understanding of the potential impacts of different spill response options is also required. The Environmental Advisor will require support from the Planning, Logistics and Operations Co-ordinators in consultation with the EMT Leader. The SSHE Coordinator may request advice from technical experts in completing the NEBA. From the occurrence of the spill, the NEBA will be developed to supplement the Incident Action Plan (IAP) being developed by the EMT Leader. The initial NEBA will be completed within 1 hour of receiving sufficient data input (spill modelling, current and forecasted weather conditions, volume of spill, the presence of sensitive receptors). Thereafter, the NEBA will be reviewed on a daily basis to inform the IAP. The reviews are flexible in the fact they can be more frequent, based on information from operational monitoring, resource availability, changes in weather and safety considerations. A review can be requested by the EMT leader at any stage. Task Action Status 1 a) Each NEBA undertaken is to have a cover page completed. The cover page is be assigned a unique reference code which is of a standard format. For example: NEBA X (NEBA number conducted)_ddmmyyyy (date)_00:00 (time)_site abbreviation_initials of Assessor e.g. NEBA5_ _15:15_Ashmore_JW Note the site abbreviation will become prevalent once the locations to be impacted are determined (ie. Ashmore, Cartier, Hibernia etc.). b) The details in the cover sheet are to be completed to the largest extent possible based on the information available.. Details to be completed include: Tier of the spill; Season; Water depth; Details of people completing the form; Date of form; Weather conditions; Resources available; Existing response strategies; Spill modelling forecast; o areas predicted to be impacted o time to contact o Volumes Operational monitoring inputs. 2 a) Populate the NEBA table with response strategies under consideration, sites and resources of interest. Part A is pre-prepared reference, the positive and negative environmental impacts as well as considerations for various response options. Review and update this as necessary based on the spill characteristics. b) From the cover page add in the site names of potentially affected sites to the top row of the NEBA table (Part B). Technical# Rev 4 Page 141 of 169

142 Task Action Status c) List the key sensitivities for the potentially affected sites identified through modelling (refer to Table 3-6 in the OSCP and the relevant Environment Plan) and additional information supplied by (from OSRA) or other local environmental experts. d) The initial NEBA will focus on primary response strategies (dispersant, containment and recovery) which target reducing the volume of oil on the water surface and minimising the risk of shoreline contact. As the time to contact reduces, and potential volumes that may contact the sites become clear, secondary response strategies such as protection and deflection and shoreline clean-ups will become more prevalent and should be incorporated into the NEBA. It is important to include detail in the initial NEBA with an outlook for the future 48 hours so that the response strategies can be refined over the coming days. This will assist the Operational and Planning Co-ordinators in acquiring resources. e) Review the peak migratory seasons for sensitivities such as: Migratory Birds - peak migratory periods occurring during October to November. Marine Reptiles (Turtles) - turtle nesting occurs between the months of December to January; Hatchlings can be expected between February and March. If the spill will affect key seasonal sensitivities, note this in each of the response strategy boxes. f) For each response strategy review the positive/negatives and considerations in Part A, update as necessary and apply them to the sites and sensitivities listed in PART B to assess the relative benefits of each response under consideration.. g) If multiple sites are identified to be impacted and prioritisation is required. It is important to list the following details against the relevant response strategy for each location: The time to contact; The volume predicted to impact; The length of shoreline to be impacted; State of weathering at impact; Hydrocarbon phase at impact; Tidal phases (spring tides etc.); Review migratory/nesting seasons for key sensitivities. Review operational monitoring data on number and diversity of fauna currently present that could be impacted. h) If a single site is to be impacted detailed operational monitoring data will be used to identify where specific response strategies could be implemented (protection and deflection, shoreline protection) given the conditions at the time (sea state, currents, access). A site specific NEBA can be undertaken using as real time information to Technical# Rev 4 Page 142 of 169

143 Task Action Status identify the most beneficial response strategies for each location within the site. 3 a) Once viable response options have been identified, this information can be incorporated into spill modelling to assess the outcome of the response and identify preferred locations for deploying the response. 4 a) The SSHE co-ordinator and Environmental Advisor are to supply the EMT leader with the following: 1. The completed NEBA; 2. A list of the recommended response options for each site of interest; 3. Modelling results for response options (where applicable). b) Ensure the NEBA and supporting information is saved in a dedicated location that is readily accessible to the EMT. c) Prepare the template for the following NEBA, based on the existing NEBA so that it is ready to be reviewed and refined if requested at short notice by the EMT leader. NEBA Coversheet Technical# Rev 4 Page 143 of 169

144 Document Number: Previous NEBA Document Number: Net Environmental Benefit Analysis Cover Sheet Location: Date: People involved: SSHE Co-ordinator Time: EMT Leader Etc.. Time (days) since spill: Prevailing Weather Conditions Spill Modelling Data Temperature: [range] Wind: [speed / direction] Swell (m): Summary of trajectories, effectiveness of dispersant application, areas at risk of impact. OSRA information if available for sites of interest Relevant Operational Monitoring Data e.g. Spill in location X is this colour and size Large aggregation of birds on Cartier Island Predicted locations to be impacted Time to shoreline contact Hydrocarbon phase at impact Volumes predicted ashore at each location Ashmore Cartier Hibernia Etc Resources Available: Currently < 24 hours > 24 hours Aerial dispersant planes X Another X in 24 hours Dispersant Xm 3 Vessels X Another X in Aerial observers Etc.. Technical# Rev 4 Page 144 of 169

145 Section A Information to inform NEBA Section B Conceptual NEBA Receptor / Sensitivities Location/Receptor Response strategy Negative impacts Positive impacts Consideration Sensitivities at receptor Natural recovery (surveillance and monitoring) Dispersant application In-situ burning Acute and chronic toxicity effects of surface oil on organisms Physical effects e.g. smothering from surface oil Potential extended exposure of surface water and inter-tidal resources Survey vessels pose chance of disturbance/collision with marine fauna Increased concentration of dissolved and entrained hydrocarbons in upper water column Can have toxic effects on organisms in upper water column Will impact shallow planktonic organisms including coral spawn and larvae High level of emissions to the atmosphere Burn residue remains for clean-up (surface) Burn residue has potential to smother shallow benthic habitats Response vessel movement increase chance of disturbance/ collision with marine fauna No additional impacts from clean-up activities Identify emerging risks to sensitive areas Limited risk to subtidal resources No waste generation Reduces volume of surface oil and therefore the risk to wildlife at the surface Reduces volume of oil that may strand on shorelines Enhances natural degradation process Rapid treatment over large areas Inhibits sedimentation of hydrocarbons Viable option in weather and sea conditions that prevent on-water recovery methods Reduced waste generation than other methods Reduce volume of oil in marine environment rapidly during burn EPBC Regulations 2000, Part 8 Division 8.1 interactions with cetaceans For most spills aerial surveillance will be required for effective monitoring of spill movement and extent Requires trained observers Not effective or applicable for all hydrocarbons The potential for environmental sensitivities to be contacted by entrained hydrocarbons and dissolved aromatics above the 9,600 ppb.hrs and 4,800 ppb.hrs respectively as a result of the surface and sub surface application. The reduction in environmental impact from surface oil reaching environmental sensitivities. Dispersant exclusion zones apply. o not within waters less than 20 m deep; o not within 3 nm of shorelines, State and Commonwealth Marine Reserves; o not within waters with benthic habitats (corals, seagrass) or coral and fishing spawning areas; and o not within 1 km of shoals. Use of dispersant to prevent oil reaching a sensitive receptor only if the upstream site is less sensitive than the sensitive receptor itself and sufficiently distant to ensure that oil does not reach the sensitive receptor once it is dispersed. May reduce effectiveness of oleophilic skimmers. Tests of dispersant on unweathered and weathered oil would be conducted to assess amenability of the oil to dispersant Dispersant can only be applied to surface slicks which are > 10 g/m 2 threshold Dispersants should not be applied in water < 10 m depth Undertake trajectory modelling of dispersed oil plume Dispersant application should be avoided near to coral reefs or shallow banks and shoals Dispersant should be applied as close to the source as possible to allow maximum time for dispersal and reduce the likelihood of shoreline impacts Monitoring dispersant use and effectiveness required Environmental monitoring of impact of dispersant and dispersed oil as per the OSMP Direct application of dispersant to fauna should be avoided Burn plan and designated area would need to be established as part of IAP. In-situ burning requires a swell of less than 0.6m and winds less than 20 knots Oil thickness in booms is a minimum of 2-5 mm Oil thickness on sea surface needs to be of sufficient concentration to be able to corral oil to a thickness of 2-5 mm. Montara crude is only viable for ISB within 24 hours of release Monitoring of ISB effectiveness is required Assessment on traditional containment and recovery versus Technical# Rev 4 Page 145 of 169

146 Response strategy Section A Information to inform NEBA Location/Receptor Negative impacts Positive impacts Consideration Sensitivities at receptor the containment and recovery of burn residue will be required. ISB has to be undertaken where no dispersant has been applied. Section B Conceptual NEBA Receptor / Sensitivities Containment and recovery Protection and deflection Response vessel movement increase chance of disturbance/collision with marine fauna Generation of oily waste requiring disposal. Increased vessel movement increase chance of disturbance/collision with marine fauna Potential damage/disturbance to intertidal and benthic habitats Disturbance of shoreline fauna e.g. nesting birds or turtles Reduces volume of surface slick Reduced risk of oiling of wildlife and shorelines Less waste generated than during shoreline cleanup Can reduce volume of surface slick Reduce the risk of oiling of wildlife and shorelines Less waste generated than during shoreline cleanup Dependent on weather Containment and recovery operations require surface slicks of thresholds > 10 g/m 2 Requires trained responders Booms in shallow water monitored to free trapped wildlife and prevent damage to shallow reef structures EPBC Regulations 2000, Part 8 Division 8.1 interactions with cetaceans Requires trained responders Booms in shallow water monitored to free trapped wildlife and prevent damage to shallow reef structures or booms Flat bottom vessels, catamarans or vessels with tenders may be required to access shorelines to deploy booms and other protective equipment. Beach profile must be restored after installing barriers/berms where practicable EPBC Regulations 2000, Part 8 Division 8.1 interactions with cetaceans Shoreline clean up Oiled wildlife response Potential intertidal and shoreline disturbance, including fauna, nests etc, from landing vessels and personnel. Large amounts of waste generated Changes to beach profiles Depending on environment may not speed natural recovery Increased vessel movement increase chance of disturbance/collision with marine fauna Disturbance to shorelines and intertidal areas during capture or marine fauna Approaching marine fauna could drive individuals towards/into spill Pre-emptive capture and relocation of turtle hatchlings may result in reduced survival (predation and/or exposure) Large volumes of oily water and waste generated by bird washing Removes stranded hydrocarbons from shorelines reduces oil burial and longterm contamination Reduces impacts associated with smothering effects Reduces risk of wildlife contacting oil Reduces potential for remobilisation of stranded oil to other sensitive receptors May speed shoreline recovery Prevent or reduce oiling of wildlife May assist recovery of oiled wildlife Remote area work requiring extensive logistic support including waste removal and transport Access permits required for some areas e.g. Cartier and Ashmore Induction and training of onshore team accessing to uninhabited islands. Induction to include that spill response teams should avoid disruption of environment and take practical tactical precautions to avoid contact with flora and fauna EMT to: Coordinate basic training to clean-up contractors; Oversee the clean-up process to ensure appropriate procedures are used to minimise the impact on the environment; Provide advice on practical precautions to minimise contact with flora and fauna; and Assist with the NEBA process when selecting spill response strategies and to evaluate the impact of strategies Wildlife at risk will depend on seasonal factors as well as the location of the spill Wildlife washing facility requires large area and large supply of clean water Trained responders required for wildlife capture and care Consider wildlife threatened or impacted by other operational activities associated with the response (e.g. containment and clean up, dispersant application, aviation etc.) Technical# Rev 4 Page 146 of 169

147 10.8 ATTACHMENT H BONN APEARANCE CODES Source: Bonn Agreement Code Technical# Rev 4 Page 147 of 169

148 Technical# Rev 4 Page 148 of 169

149 10.9 ATTACHMENT I ESTIMATING OIL SLICKS AT SEA GUIDE TO ESTIMATING OIL SLICKS AT SEA Flight Plans The first over flight of a large spill should be at 300 to 700 metres, to locate and determine its general orientation and dimensions. Determining the colour of the oil is best made at lower altitudes. When searching for an oil slick, aircraft should undertake a parallel track search of the area in which the slick is considered to be located. The longer search legs should be oriented with the direction of drift. This will maximise search effectiveness (better chance of slick detection). Estimating Slick Volumes at Sea Estimates of the volume of a slick can be made on the basis of its appearance at sea, and the area covered. A trained observer must be present on surveillance aircraft to identify oil on the water or shoreline and to accurately report location to the Aerial Coordinator or Operations Officer. Photographs should be taken to aid later assessments. Figure I1: Parallel track search pattern Suitably experienced observers can be identified and obtained through AMSA or AMOSC. In the long term PTTEP AA aims to train some aerial observers. Table I1: Guidelines for estimation of slick volume Appearance of Oil Slick Volume of Oil per Km 2 m 3 Tonnes Barrels Barely Visible except under some light conditions Silvery Sheen Rainbow Iridescence: Bright bands of colour Dull Colours. Colours still visible but are dull Dark Black or Brown (or very dark colour) NOTES: Source Bonn Agreement. The surface area of the slick can be estimated by: 1. Flying the length and breadth of the slick and equating the time taken to fly over the slick and the aircraft speed. 2. Calculating the slick area (i.e. length x breadth), and Technical# Rev 4 Page 149 of 169

150 3. Multiplying the area by the percentage of the slick that is oil (i.e. not clean water). 4. The areas covered by the various oil thicknesses should be calculated. 5. Calculate oil volumes using equation below. Example of calculating slick volumes at sea 500m 1500m E.g: Area =1.5km x 0.5km = 0.75 sq km. i) 40% of slick is black oil. So area of black oil is 40% of 0.75 sq km = 0.3 sq km. ii) Using Table 6.1, volume in black oil is approximately: 2 x 0.3 = 0.6 cubic metres. iii) 60% of slick is sheen. So area of sheen is 60% of 0.75 sq. km = 0.45 sq km. iv) Using Table 9.1, volume of oil in the sheen is approximately: 0.05 x 0.45 = cubic metres. Note that the sheen contains very little oil and estimated volume, in this example, is about 0.6 cubic metres of oil or oily emulsion. Technical# Rev 4 Page 150 of 169

151 10.10 ATTACHMENT J OPERATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC MONITORING PROGRAM (Refer to Technical# Rev 4 Page 151 of 169

152 10.11 ATTACHMENT K ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION Timor Sea Region and Significance for Oil Spill Response (OSR) For a detailed description of the baseline environment and the surrounding fauna and flora see the attached relevant section in the EP. For the purpose of the OSCP the baseline environment and its relevant sensitivities have been summarised in this sections below. Considerations and significance for oil response planning have been provided at the end of each section Physical Environment Description Climate The climate of the region is tropical monsoonal with two distinct seasons: Northwest monsoon period (November-March) Southeast monsoon period (April-September) Brief transitional periods occur in April and September/October. Air Temperature There is little variation in the mean monthly temperature with winter averages of 27 C and summer averages of 28 C. More extreme temperatures do occur and temperatures at the time of an incident should be verified: Modelling of oil fates Health and safety assessment for vessel-based responders Table K1 Seasonal temperature range Season Minimum ( C) Mean ( C) Maximum ( C) Summer (wet) Winter (dry) (Source: based on data from Jabiru Venture cited in AIMS, 1997 for the Timor Sea) The highest humidity occurs from October to May during the Northwest Monsoon season. Rainfall The rainfall within and near to the area is characterised as monsoonal. There is high rainfall associated with the northwest monsoon and low rainfall associated with the southeast monsoon. It should be noted that heavy rainfall is associated with tropical cyclones and thunderstorm activity. Winds The area is subject to two distinct wind regimes: A period of steady south-easterly air flow originating over the Australian mainland (the southeast monsoon) A steady moist west to northwest wind caused by a semi-permanent heat low over central Australia during the summer months (northwest monsoon) Occasional tropical cyclones occur during the northwest monsoon period. These result in short lived, severe storm events, often with strong but variable winds (Figure K1). There are five storm types that may occur in the Permit Area and these are described in Table K2. Technical# Rev 4 Page 152 of 169

153 Figure K1: Monthly wind rose distribution derived from the GFS model from the year 2001 to 2005 Surface Water Temperature Mean monthly sea surface temperatures in the Timor Sea range from 26 C to 30 C. Surface waters are well mixed with a weak thermocline in summer. This results in a seawater temperature drop of 3 4 C between the surface and mid depths (40 50 m). In winter the water temperature varies little in approximately the first 70 metres. In general seawater temperatures measured in the Timor sea are relatively constant Tides Tides are semi diurnal and, in the surface waters, flood to the west-northwest. A weaker ebb to the westsoutheast results in a net surface movement to the west-northwest. Currents Currents are predominantly tidal. Readings at Jabiru, to the north of the permit areas, indicate a maximum spring tidal current of 1.0 m/s and neap tide velocities of 0.4 m/s. These are orientated in a NW-SE axis and have a mean tidal excursion of 7-10 km along the NW-SE axis and about 6 km on the SW-NE axis. Wind generated currents are to the west during the winter southeast monsoon and reverse during the summer northwest monsoon. Technical# Rev 4 Page 153 of 169

154 Local wind driven surface currents may attain speeds of 0.6 m/s during monsoonal or trade wind surges, drift current velocities are in the vicinity of 0.1 m/s to 0.3 m/s. Waves Total waves are composed of sea waves that are a locally generated in response to wind conditions and swell waves that result predominantly from storms in the Southern Ocean or the southern portion of the Indian Ocean. High sea wave conditions will normally occur within 250 km of tropical cyclones and swell waves may occur at further distances. Bathymetry The water depth of the permit areas ranges from approximately 80 m to 200 m. The dominant feature of the region is the edge of the Australian continental shelf which is aligned south-west to north-east. Beyond the continental shelf the seabed slopes away sharply to a maximum depths of over 1,000 m. Table K2 Timor Sea Storm Types Type Tropical cyclones Monsoonal surge Squalls Trade surge wind Tornadoes and water spouts Description At maturity the tropical cyclone is one of the most intense storms in the world; winds exceeding 50ms- 1 are common with mature storms, as is torrential rainfall. Tropical cyclones form in the area generally south of the equator in the east Indian Ocean area and the Timor and Arafura seas. Most cyclones approach the permit area heading in a west or south-west direction. The majority have occurred between December and April. Bureau of Meteorology cyclone records shows that since 1964 an average of 2.6 cyclones per year have occurred in the area bounded by 5oS to 16.5oS and 121oE to 132oE The majority (75%) of these cyclones were not fully matured with an estimated wind speed of less than 80km/hr A severe cyclone with wind speeds exceeding 100km/hr occurs on average once every 2.6 years. Regular surges occur in the monsoonal flow throughout the summer months. These surges result in winds increasing typically 8 to 12ms-1 for periods of one to three days. Occasionally surges may attain speeds of 20ms-1 These are associated with thunderstorms occurring during the northwest monsoon period (November to March). They are of relatively short duration and are usually accompanied by heavy rain, thunder and lightning. Winds are usually 12 to 25ms-1 but in extreme cases may reach 25 to 30ms-1 with gusts to 45ms-1. These are the result of surges in the easterly trade winds during the winter period and typically result in winds strengthening to about 12ms-1 for three to five days. Tornadoes and water spouts occur in the region associated with thunderstorm activity and tropical cyclones. No reported information exists on their intensity or frequency, however in general very high winds (in the order of say 50ms-1) could be expected for a short duration. Physical Environment Significance for OSR The table below highlights the aspects from the physical environmental baseline description above in relevance for the OSR. Table K3 Physical environment significance for OSR Physical environment Temperature Significance for OSR Wind Significance for OSR No potentially spilled oils have pour points within or close to ambient air temperature range - Temperature is unlikely to have a great influence on oil character or behaviour. Temperatures may make extended vessel deck-work unsafe during an extended response. Action Verify temperatures at time of incident and monitor field conditions. Wind speed and direction will determine spill trajectory and persistence of oil on the sea. Wind strength will determine the amount of oil penetrating into the oil column. This may be Technical# Rev 4 Page 154 of 169

155 important for predicting potential environmental harm. High winds and storms will act to break up surface slicks. Storm conditions render response unsafe. Action Surface and ocean temperature Significance for OSR Currents Significance for OSR Bathymetry Significance for OSR Ensure input of ambient conditions into spill trajectory and fates modelling. Obtain weather forecasts and regular updates and monitor field conditions. No potentially spilled oils have pour points within or close to ambient surface water temperature range - temperature is unlikely to have a great influence on oil character or behaviour. Action Verify temperatures at time of incident and monitor field conditions. Current speed and direction will determine spill trajectory. Action Trajectory modelling contractors will ensure input of current data into spill trajectory modelling. Deep waters around the well-sites make impact of non-coastal seafloor sediments benthic communities by surface oil unlikely. Releases at the seafloor or spills of mud may result in the impact of sediments close to the well-site. Action Assess incident for possible seafloor impact. Consider need for monitoring (release volume, location of discharge, oil type etc.). Biological Environment The biological environment covers the habitats with associated flora and fauna (Figure K2). The following sensitive marine habitats are recognised in the Timor Sea: Open waters: o o Deep water benthic (seafloor) habitats Submerged reefs and shoals Shallow waters and inter-tidal zones: o o Coastal reefs and shorelines Seagrass and macroalgal beds Mangroves shorelines (some interface between coastal and inter-tidal habitats; although generally shoreline covers those areas not within tidal range, i.e. above water line): o o o Mangroves Sandy beaches Rocky, exposed shoreline (including cliffs) Marine fauna Socio-economic sectors: o o Protected areas Commercial fishing Technical# Rev 4 Page 155 of 169

156 Figure K2 Timor Sea locations and resources Technical# Rev 4 Page 156 of 169