4,445,482 May 1, 1984
|
|
- Audra Little
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 United States Patent [191 Hasegawa et al. [1 1] [45] 4,445,482 May 1, 1984 [54] AIR/FUEL RATION FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEM ADAPTED TO OBTAIN STABLE ENGINE OPERATION UNDER ' PARTICULAR ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS [75] Inventors: Shumpei Hasegawa, Niiza; Noriyuki Kishi, Itabashi, both of Japan Honda Gm Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, Tokyo, Japan Appl. No.: 376,106 [73] Assignee: [21] [22] Filed: May 7, 1982 [30] Foreign Application Priority Data May 15, 1981 [JP] Japan [51] int. cm..... F02M 51/00; F02D 5/00 [52] us /489; 123/491; 123/493 [58] Field of Search /489, 480, 478, 483, 123/491, 440 [56] References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,483,851 12/1969 Reichardt /491 4,354,238 10/1982 Manaka et a]. 123/489 4,359,993 11/1982 Carlson /493 4,383,515 5/1983 Higashiyama et a] /489 Primary Examiner-Raymond A. Nelli Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Lyon & Lyon [57] Answer An air/fuel ratio feedback control system adapted to control the air/fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being supplied to an internal combustion engine, by the use of a?rst coef?cient having a value variable in response to actual exhaust gas concentration and at least one second coef?cient having a value variable in dependence on the kind of a particular operating condition or region in which the engine is operating. The control system is operable such that when the engine is operating in an operating condition other than predetermined particu lar operating conditions of the engine, the value of the?rst coef?cient is varied in response to the output of an exhaust gas concentration sensor, and simultaneously the value of the second coef?cient is held at a?rst pre determined value, and when the engine is operating in one of the predetermined particular operating condi tions, the value of the second coef?cient is held at a second predetermined value, and simultaneously the value of the?rst coef?cient at a third predetermined value which is a mean value of values of the?rst coef? cient obtained when the engine is operating in the above operating condition other than the particular operating conditions. 22 Claims, 18 Drawing Figures I-J. - H INPULREADISTORE aaslc ANALOG VALUESISTAR I ER sw POSITION I, I.:".--:::: :-:::':::J.I l l. I I ' I ' - ~ I I ' l I 0212mm: 1 I :, TIrImlTIcns I I I I I l l : l 12 I f 7 I l (41mm: It, arm I I I ' KAFLKPLK gr, I I I : M is. I I DETERHlNE K", I KnmKm lrorchcc?v. TV I ' I l l I l I l, a I I I,13 I l : nzmnms TV : l I : IJETERMINE 1, Is 11 l I I l /9 I I l A4 x I ' c mum: I { CALCULATE I l r I Tounqll'oufs : : l'uutul'l oufs no FUEL (U I ' l L.i J I J I L...1 ' l AUUA'IE INJEETURS G l I
2 U.S. Patent May 1, 1984 Sheet 1 of 17 4,445,482 G. F I {13 15 v
3 US. Patent May 1, 1984 Sheet 2 of 17 4,445,482 Nam m5: $.53 or 505% M55255 QEV g Q 59:. omhzou 5.3km um<m m mdozomiuz>m< hmmc mm 2530mm AN
4 US. Patent May 1, 1984 Sheet30fl7 ' 47,445, Sue Fl n FL 11
5
6 US. Patent May 1, 1984 Sheet 5 of 17 4,445,482 FIG. 5B COUNT OIL REAUJEU m FIG. 5 F G.5A FIG. 5B
7 U.S. Patent May 1, 1984 Sheet 6 of 17 4,445,482 \ o AF..l DR I. E C 0ST 0L Tm R 00A WT.LO D.1 F PZC ED. Y1H E F. NSI NR E E0 D LEV A T L B ONA ST T E A K (RN E.1.l C POW PF. ON A N m 0 c MM R m w. N 0 6. /.. I l 1 l.ll.l \,... I l.l D. D R E 07. I L ST T E0 K KR E F 2/ o F T C 2 V E AT. EE m0 R D0 NL 0 M UP IUL GE. D c STU? K IR SE.1 A L E I..17. ET U C N PW P0 NA.l 1U.. W N P M I' UAI TRZ E F. SP R0 rr um BF.l 2 MM [T 13
8 US. Patent May 1, 1984 Sheet 7 of 17 4,445,482 FIG. 6 FIG. 7
9 US. Patent May 1, 1984 Sheet 8 of 17 4,445,482 FIG. 8 PB mmhg ubs 800 u / =12 WOT REGION =10 70o //////, K02 : KREF FEEDBACK / 500 'CONTROL REGION// Kw0T=1.0 =1.0 / / Ko2= FEEDBACKCONTROL //// / ////// MIXTURE LE Kw0T= - P5101 "Oo- /// K L5 = 0.6 (360) " K02 = KREF 300. REGION l/ 6 REGION '- - > DECELERATING iv/0p0 ; '! REGION KkglK-REF 100- ' " - l. Ne /1\ 2 3 I 5 6 1x10 )
10
11
12 May 1, 1984 Sheet 11 of 17 4,445,482 U.S. Patent cz<v66u n63 zwao ammo: 1. l I l I l I l I l I l I l 1 J B B 0 MB m B. m Wm. ms mn B G M6 Av.L I Sm R2 / O.1 so c F HA "H E In. mm AF m o 5 B p 2 1 BB M 7 8 AS 5 P T 5 MU 3 E1 Q All 5. R w B L B..l \l // B 5 D1. S. C... m.l LLL L BA 5 /" W BB L5 B AB AB BAA M A B AT G c in, B w B Q r B B IR M% W Mm Y M 2 Y U M 1 m5 L0 N5 mm M % Kw u 0 m E q. 0mm 1mm (nmuoms T : Tm m NM 2 mom M. mm F 1M 6 I <><><> + 9 N P K 11 %1111 BB V B 5 \1 5 m + 0 m /2m 05
13
14
15
16 US. Patent May 1, 1984 Sheet 15 of 17 4,445,482 SET PULSE K / CPS(B1)O :1 REGISTER 606 GOO-(B4) Q04 #a-1 CPS11 L REGISTER ' FIG. I4A FIG. I4 BOO-(B) 505 / #B REGISTER CPS10 'L l FIG. I48
17
18 US. Patent May 1, 1984 Sheet 17 of 17 4,445,482 30:. :5; oz \\ Zmau mmu op ommau ommau 43.9%; % 279mg // wmmu mmmu Fmwm No.6 mohm almvohm 2.1m ohm
19 I 1 AIR/FUEL RATION FEEDBACK CONTROL 7 SYSTEM ADAPTED TO, OBTAIN STABLE ENGINE OPERATION UNDER PARTICULAR ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS., 4,445,482 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to an air/fuel ratio feedback control system for performing by electronic means feedback control of the air/fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being supplied to an internal combustion en gine, and more particularly to an air/fuel ratio feedback control system of this kind, which is capable of posi tively controlling the air/fuel ratio to a-predetermined value best suited for a particular operating conditionof the engine when the engine is operating in the particular operating condition, to thereby achieve improved oper ational stability and driveability of the engine.. A fuel supply control system adaptedfor use with an internal combustion engine, particularly -,a igasoline.en- ' gine has been proposed e.g., by U.S. Pat. No; 3,483,851, which is adapted to determine the valve opening period of a fuel quantity metering oradjusting means for con trol of the fuel injection quantity, i.e. theair/fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being supplied to the engine, by 25?rst determining a basic value of the above. valve open ing period as a function of engine rpm and intakepipe absolute pressure and then adding to and/or multiply ing same by constants and/or coefficients being. dunc tions of engine rpm, intake pipe absolute pressure, en gine temperature, throttle valve opening,,exhaust vgas ingredient concentration (oxygen concentration), etc., by electronic computing means... ~. - Also, in. an engine having a three-way catalyst ar ranged in its exhaust system, it is generally employed to 35 control the air/fuel ratio of the mixture to a theoretical mixture ratio in a feedback manner responsive to the.output of an exhaust gas concentration sensor which may be represented by an Oz sensor, arranged in the exhaust system of the engine, to obtain the best conver-v sion efficiency of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon mon oxide and nitrous oxides in the exhaustgases emitted from the engine. However, this feedback control based upon the output of the exhaust gas sensor cannot be applied when the engine is operating in a particular operating condition such as engine idle, wide-open throttle where the air/fuel ratio of the mixture needs to be controlled to a value different from the theoretical mixture ratio.. - Therefore, in the case of applying the above exhaust gas concentration-based feedback to the aforemen tioned fuel supplycontrol system using coefficients, etc., it is necessary to carry out open-loop control when the engine is operating in such particular operating condition, by using a coefficient having afpredeter mined value corresponding to the particular operating condition, so as to achieve adesired predetermined air/fuel ratio best suited for engine operating under the above particular operating condition. It is thus desirable that the predeterminedair/fuel ratio corresponding.to the particular operating condi tion canbe achieved with certainty by means of open loop control. However, as a matter of fact, the actual air/fuel ratio can sometimes have a value different from the desired predetermined value due to variations in the performance of various sensors for detecting the operat ing condition of the engine and a system for controlling or driving the fuel quantity metering or adjusting means. In such event, it is impossible to obtain required operational stability and driveability of the engine. OBJECT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is the object of the invention to provide an air/fuel ratio feedback control system for use with an internal combustion engine, which is capable of controlling the air/fuel ratio of the mixture to a predetermined value or a value very close thereto corresponding to a particular operating condition of the engine, when the engine is operating in the above particular operating condition, to thereby assure achievement of required operational stability and driveability of the engine. The present invention provides an air/fuel ratio feed back control system f'or use with an internal combustion engine, which is adapted to control the air/fuel ratio of an air/fuel mixture being supplied to the engine, by the use of a?rst coefficient having a value variable in re sponse to the output of an exhaust gas concentration sensor arranged in the exhaust system of the engine, and at least one second coefficient having a value variable in dependence on the kind of a particular operating condi tion'in'which the engine is operating. The control sys is characterized by including an electric circuit means which is operable such that when the engine is operating in an operating condition (i.e. feedback con trol region) other than predetermined particular operat ing conditions of the engine, the valuev of the first coeffi cient is varied in response to the output of the exhaust gas concentration sensor, and simultaneously the value of the second coefficient is held at a first predetermined value, and when the engine is operating in one of the predetermined particular operating conditions, the value of the second coefficient is held at a second prede termined value which is a mean value of values of the first coef?cient obtained during engine operation under the above operating condition, i.e. feedback control region other than the particular operating conditions. - Thus, during open-loop control under a particular oper ating condition of. the engine, the use of the?rst coeffi cient having its value held at the third predetermined or means value in addition to the second coefficient having its value held at the second predetermined value makes it possible to obtain an air/fuel ratio more closer to a desired air/fuel ratio best suited for engine operation in the particular operating condition of the'engine, obtain ing improved operational stability and driveability of the engine. ' 1 I Preferably, the above mean value at which the first coefficient is to be held comprises a mean value of val ues of the first coefficient each assumed immediately before or after a proportional term control action which is performed during air/fuel ratio feedback1 control. Also preferably, an up-to-date value of them: coef ficient is used for calculation of the above'mean' value, each time it is obtained immediately before or after each proportional term control action. Thus, a mean value of the?rst'coefficient can always be obtained which is an up-to-date value and which represents a mean value obtained at an instant when the actual air/fuel ratio of the mixture assumes a value most close to the theoreti cal mixture ratio, making it possible to carry out air/ fuel ratio control fully responsive to the present operating conditionof the engine, in an accurate manner. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention willbe more apparent from the ensuing
20 ' ' ' 3 detailed description taken in connection with the ac companying drawings in which: 4,445,482 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the whole ar- 5 rangement of an air/fuel ratio feedback control system according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a program for control of the valve opening periods TOUTM, TOUTS of the main injectors and the subinjector, which are operated by an electronic control unit (ECU) in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a timing chart showing the relationship between a cylinder-discriminating signal and a TDC signal inputted to the ECU, and drive shgnals for the main injectors and the subinjector, outputted from the ECU; FIG. 4 is a?ow chart showing a main program for control of the basic valve opening periods TOUTM, TOUTS; FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a flow chart.showing a 20 subroutine for calculation of the value of Oz-feedback control correction coefficient K02; ' FIG. 6 is a view showing an Ne-Pi table for determin ing a correction value Pi for correcting Oz-feedback control correction coefficient K02; FIG. 7 is a graph showing a manner of detecting the value of correction coefficient K01 by means of propor tional term control; FIG. 8 is a graph showing a manner of applying correction coefficients to various operating conditions 30 of the engine; FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate a circuit diagram illustrat ing the whole internal arrangement of the ECU, show ing in detail a correction coefficient K02 calculating k section; 35 FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram illustrating details of a. lean/rich state comparator and part of a particular oper ating condition detecting circuit in FIG. 9; FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram illustrating details of a K02 calculating circuit in FIG. 9; 40 FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram illustrating details of a mean value calculating circuit in FIG. 9; FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram illustrating details of another example of the KO; value calculating circuit in FIG. 9; 45 FIGS. 14A and 14B illustrate a circuit diagram illus trating details of another example of the mean value calculating circuit in FIG. 9; and FIG. 15 is a timing chart showing the relationship between various signals generated in the circuit of FIG. 14. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Referring?rst to FIG. 1, there is illustrated the whole arrangement of a fuel supply control system for internal combustion engines, to which the present invention is applicable. Reference numeral 1 designates an internal combustion engine which may be a four-cylinder type, for instance. This engine 1 has main combustion chain bei's which may be four in number and sub combustion chambers communicating with the main combustion chambers, none of which is shown. An intake pipe 2 is connected to the engine 1, which comprises a main intake pipe communicating with each main combustion chamber, and a sub intake pipe with each sub combus tion chamber, respectively, neither of which is shown Arranged across the intake pipe 2 is a throttle body 3 which accommodates a main throttle valve and a sub throttle valve mounted in the main intake pipe and the sub intake pipe, respectively, for synchronous opera tion. Neither of the two throttle valves is shown. A throttle valve opening sensor 4 is connected to the main throttle valve for detecting its valve opening and con verting same into an electrical signal which is supplied to an electronic control unit (hereinafter called ECU ) 5. A fuel injection device 6 is arranged in the intake pipe -2 at a location between the engine 1 and the throttle body 3, which comprises main injectors and a subinjec.tor, none of which is shown. The main injectors corre spond in number to the engine cylinders and are each arranged in the main intake pipe at a location slightly upstream of an intake valve, not shown, of a corre sponding engine cylinder, while the subinjector, which is single in number,'is arranged in the sub intake pipe at a location'slightly downstream of the sub throttle valve, for supplying fuel to all the'engine cylinders. The main injectors and the subinjector are electrically connected to the ECU 5 in a manner having their valve opening periods or fuel injection quantities controlled by signals supplied from the ECU 5. 0n the other hand, an absolute pressure sensor 8 communicates through a conduit 7 with the interior of the main intake pipe'of the throttle body 3 at a location immediately downstream of the main throttle valve. The absolute pressure sensor 8 is adapted to detect absolute pressure in the intake pipe 2 and applies an electrical signal indicative of detected absolute pressure to the ECU S. An intake-air temperature sensor. 9 is arranged in the intake pipe 2 at a location downstream of the absolute pressure sensor 8 and also electrically connected to the ECU 5 for supplying thereto an elec trical signal indicative of detected intake-air tempera ture. An engine temperature sensor 10, which may be formed of a thermistor or the like, is mounted on the main body of the engine 1 in a manner embedded in the peripheral wall of an engine cylinder having its interior?lled with cooling water, an electrical output signal of which is supplied to the ECU 5. An engine rpm sensor (hereinafter called Ne sen sor ) 11 and a cylinder-discriminating sensor 12 are arranged in facing relation to a camsha?, not shown, of the engine 1 or a crankshaft of - same, not shown. The former 11 is adapted to generate one pulse at a particu lar crank angle each time the engine crankshaft rotates through 180 degrees, i.e., upon generation of each pulse of the top-dead-center position (T DC) signal, while the latter is adapted to generate one pulse at a particular crank angle of a particular engine cylinder. The above pulses generated by the sensors 11, 12 are supplied to the ECU 5, A three-way catalyst 14 is arranged in an exhaust pipe 13 extending from the main body of the engine 1 for purifying ingredients I-IC, CO and NOx contained in the exhaust gases. An 0; sensor 15 is inserted in the exhaust pipe 13 at a location upstream of the three-way catalyst 14 for detecting the concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gases and supplying an electrical signal indica tive of a detected concentration value to the ECU 5. Further connected to the ECU '5 are a sensor 16 for detecting atomospheric pressure and a starter switch 17 for actuating the starter, not shown, of the engine 1, respectively, for supplying an electrical signal indica
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
MAIN COMPUTER MONlTOR. INPUT/ OUTPUT ClRCUlT. 4,748,566 May 31, 1988. United States Patent [191. [11] Patent Number: [45] Date of Patent:
United States Patent [191 Sasaki et al. [11] Patent Number: [45] Date of Patent: May 31, 1988 [54] ENGINE CONTROL APPARATUS [75] Inventors: Shoji Sasaki; Kenji Tabuchi, both of Katsuta, Japan [73] Assignee:
More informationFault codes DM1. Industrial engines DC09, DC13, DC16. Marine engines DI09, DI13, DI16 INSTALLATION MANUAL. 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 1
Fault codes DM1 Industrial engines DC09, DC13, DC16 Marine engines DI09, DI13, DI16 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 1 DM1...3 Abbreviations...3 Fault type identifier...3...4 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 2 DM1 DM1 Fault
More informationE - THEORY/OPERATION
E - THEORY/OPERATION 1995 Volvo 850 1995 ENGINE PERFORMANCE Volvo - Theory & Operation 850 INTRODUCTION This article covers basic description and operation of engine performance-related systems and components.
More informationUnited States Patent [191
United States Patent [191 Fancy [54] REDUNDANT SIGNAL CIRCUIT [75] Inventor: Thomas A. Fancy, Westminster, Mass. [73] Assignee: General Electric Company, Schenectady, NY. [211 Appl. No.: 854,973 [22] Filed:
More informationEmergency Spill Basis For Collecting And Collecting?
United States Patent [191 Verstraeten [54] EMERGENCY SPILL BASIN [75] [73] Inventor: Assignee: Alexander J. Verstraeten, Knokke-Heist, Belgium Funderingstechnieken Verstraeten B. V., Oostburg, Netherlands
More informationTypical ECM/PCM Inputs
Typical ECM/PCM Inputs The computer system components fall into two categories: sensors (inputs) and controlled components (outputs). Each system has sensors. Not every system has all the ones listed,
More informationContinuous flow direct water heating for potable hot water
Continuous flow direct water heating for potable hot water An independently produced White Paper for Rinnai UK 2013 www.rinnaiuk.com In the 35 years since direct hot water systems entered the UK commercial
More informationLotus Service Notes Section EMR
ENGINE MANAGEMENT SECTION EMR Sub-Section Page Diagnostic Trouble Code List EMR.1 3 Component Function EMR.2 7 Component Location EMR.3 9 Diagnostic Guide EMR.4 11 CAN Bus Diagnostics; Lotus TechCentre
More informationllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
llllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll USOO5535162A United States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 5,535,162 Uenoyama [45] Date of Patent: Jul. 9, 1996 [54] ELECTRICALLY
More informationDIAGNOSIS SYSTEM (3S GTE and 5S FE)
Diagnosis System (3SGTE and 5SFE) FI39 DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM (3SGTE and 5SFE) DESCRIPTION The ECM contains a builtin, selfdiagnosis system by which troubles with the engine signal network are detected and a
More informationElectronic Diesel Control EDC 16
Service. Self-Study Programme 304 Electronic Diesel Control EDC 16 Design and Function The new EDC 16 engine management system from Bosch has its debut in the V10-TDI- and R5-TDI-engines. Increasing demands
More information6. VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing-intelligent) System
38 ENGE 1ZZ-FE ENGE 6. VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing-intelligent) System General This system controls the intake camshaft valve timing so as to obtain balance between the engine output, fuel consumption
More informationHydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines
Hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines Contents: Introduction External mixture formation for hydrogen operated engines Experimental engine for hydrogen in Stralsund Internal mixture formation
More informationENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM
36 ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The construction and functions of the new 1MZ-FE engine includes the following modifications and additions in comparison with the 1MZ-FE engine installed on the 98
More informationIntroduction to Electronic Signals
Introduction to Electronic Signals Oscilloscope An oscilloscope displays voltage changes over time. Use an oscilloscope to view analog and digital signals when required during circuit diagnosis. Fig. 6-01
More informationModule 21 Fuel Injectors - Dual Point Injection (DPI)
Module 21 Fuel Injectors - Dual Point Injection (DPI) Author: Grant Swaim E-mail: sureseal@nr.infi.net URL: www.tech2tech.net Phone: (336) 632-9882 Fax: (336) 632-9688 Postal Address: Tech-2-Tech Website
More informationDTC P0125 Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Closed Loop Fuel Control
EINE (5VZFE) DI195 DI8YY02 DTC P0125 Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Closed Loop Fuel Control CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION To obtain a high purification rate of the CO, HC and x components of the exhaust gas,
More informationBOSCH D-JETRONIC Volkswagen: Type 3 & 4
BOSCH D-JETRONIC Volkswagen: Type 3 & 4 MANIFOLD PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM (MPC) DESCRIPTION The Bosch D-Jetronic electronic fuel injection system is composed of 3 major subsystems: the air intake system,
More informationAutomotive Sensor Simulator. Automotive sensor simulator. Operating manual. AutoSim
Automotive sensor simulator Operating manual AutoSim Contents Introduction.. page 3 Technical specifications.... page 4 Typical application of AutoSim simulator..... page 4 Device appearance... page 5
More informationUnit 8. Conversion Systems
Unit 8. Conversion Systems Objectives: After completing this unit the students should be able to: 1. Describe the Basic conversion systems 2. Describe main conversion kit types. 3. Describe how the CNG
More informationLotus Service Notes Section EMP
ENGINE MANAGEMENT SECTION EMP Sub-Section Page Diagnostic Trouble Code List EMP.1 3 'Lotus Scan' Diagnostic Tool EMP.2 43 Engine Management Component Location EMP.3 45 Mechanical Throttle Setting Procedure
More informationON-Board Diagnostic Trouble Codes
ON-Board Diagnostic Trouble Codes The list below contains standard diagnostic trouble codes (DTC s) that are used by some manufacturers to identify vehicle problems. The codes provide below are generic
More informationINTERNAL COMBUSTION (IC) ENGINES
INTERNAL COMBUSTION (IC) ENGINES An IC engine is one in which the heat transfer to the working fluid occurs within the engine itself, usually by the combustion of fuel with the oxygen of air. In external
More informationCOMMON RAIL SYSTEM (CRS) SERVICE MANUAL: Operation
ISUZU ELF 4HK1/4JJ1 Engine COMMON RAIL SYSTEM (CRS) SERVICE MANUAL: Operation Issued : June 2007 Revised : July 2009 00400601EA 2009 DENSO CORPORATION All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced
More information\ \ \ connection connection connection interface interface interface
US 20140122910A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 20140122910 A1 Chiu et al. (43) Pub. Date: May 1, 2014 (54) RACK SERVER SYSTEM AND OPERATION Publication Classi?cation
More informationP = n M 9550 [kw] Variable Intake Manifold in VR Engines. Self-study programme 212. Principles and Description of Operation. Service.
Service. Self-study programme 212 Variable Intake Manifold in VR Engines Principles and Description of Operation P = n M 9550 [kw] M [Nm] P [kw] n [min -1 ] 212_020 The output and torque of an engine have
More informationThrottle Body Fuel Injection
Throttle Body Fuel Injection Initial Calibration of the TBI Disclaimer The author of this presentation assumes NO responsibility for information provided causing the owner to modify or alter their motorhome
More informationNISSAN FIGARO FAULT CODES AND DIAGNOSTICS
NISSAN FIGARO FAULT CODES AND DIAGNOSTICS The Nissan Figaro uses an engine management system with the acronym ECCS you ll see it in large letters on the plenum box when you open the bonnet. It stands for
More informationCHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL SET UP 3.1 INTRODUCTION The emission tests were conducted on an Izusu, four stroke, 4 cylinder petrol engine test-rig with hydraulic dynamometer loading system. The specifications
More information(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,253,226 B2 Oguri (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 28, 2012
US008253226B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,253,226 B2 Oguri (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 28, 2012 (54) ELECTRONIC PARTS, AND METHOD FOR (56) References Cited ARRANGING SHIELDING CASE AND
More informationA Practical Guide to Free Energy Devices
A Practical Guide to Free Energy Devices Part PatE21: Last updated: 15th January 2011 Author: Patrick J. Kelly This patent describes methods for altering HHO gas so that it can be used in vehicle engines
More information(12) United States Patent Halonen
(12) United States Patent Halonen US006334053B1 () Patent N0.: (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 25, 2001 (54) PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING AN ANSWERING SERVICE (75) Inventor: Mikko Halonen, Oulu (Fl) (73)
More informationClosed-Loop Control of Spark Advance and Air-Fuel Ratio in SI Engines Using Cylinder Pressure
SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2000-01-0933 Closed-Loop Control of Spark Advance and Air-Fuel Ratio in SI Engines Using Cylinder Pressure Paljoo Yoon, Seungbum Park and Myoungho Sunwoo Hanyang Univ. Inyong
More informationUS 20020072350A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2002/0072350 A1 Fukuzato (43) Pub. Date: Jun.
US 20020072350A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 20020072350 A1 Fukuzato (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 13, 2002 (54) BACKUP METHOD OF APPLICATIONS OF PORTABLE CELLULAR PHONE
More information5' i > 95 l 4. United States Patent Barnett [151 3,699,515. 1451 Oct. 17, 1972. (opr/oa/al) '0. [22] Filed: Jan. 4, 19,71 [21] Appl. No.
United States Patent Barnett [541 MOVEMENT RESPONSIVE ALARM SYSTEM FOR A VEHICLE [72] Inventor: Howard James Barnett, 4433 North Stanton, Apt. 412, El Paso, Tex. 79920 [22] Filed: Jan. 4, 19,71 [21] Appl.
More informationECUs and Engine Calibration 201
ECUs and Engine Calibration 201 Jeff Krummen Performance Electronics, Ltd. www.pe-ltd.com Page 1 Before we get started.. ECUs and Engine Calibration 201 The goal of this presentation is to explain the
More information3,2 74,344 AUTOMATIC DIALING DEVICE. Filed June 14, 1963. 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 24 \ l NVENTOR. CHARLES C. YOUNG / /////% B73744 2?
Sept. 20, 1966 Filed June 14, 1963 c. c. YOUNG AUTOMATIC DIALING DEVICE 3,2 74,344 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 3 w. L? U; / m wk, m 5 V/Wh :: ///////,// F G 2 w 24 \ / /////% 2-4 l NVENTOR. CHARLES C. YOUNG B73744
More informationEXPERIMENT NO. 3. Aim: To study the construction and working of 4- stroke petrol / diesel engine.
EXPERIMENT NO. 3 Aim: To study the construction and working of 4- stroke petrol / diesel engine. Theory: A machine or device which derives heat from the combustion of fuel and converts part of this energy
More informationJing Sun Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA
Automotive Powertrain Controls: Fundamentals and Frontiers Jing Sun Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA Julie Buckland Research & Advanced Engineering
More informationEXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION OF DIESEL ENGINE BY USING DIESEL RK
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359
More informationMAKE OF AUTOMOBILE: NUMBER : 076/0800901 DATE : 2008-12-08 Copyright Prins Autogassystemen B.V. 2008 VERSION NR : 2008-10-24 B
MAKE OF AUTOMOBILE: HONDA TYPE: CIVIC PISTON DISPLACEMENT: 1800 NUMBER OF VALVES: 16 ENGINE NUMBER: R18A TYPE VSI INJECTOR ( COLOR ) ORANGE MODEL YEAR: 2008 ENGINE SET NUMBER 348/0250200.07 NUMBER : 076/0800901
More informationENGINE KNOCKING OR RATTLING
EINE KNOCKI OR RTTLI DIGNOSTICS ECD SYSTEM (1KD FTV)(From ugust, 2004) 05 713 05M5P 02 This troubleshooting procedure checks for knocking and rattling. Knocking is most likely to occur while the engine
More informationENGINE 1ZZ-FE AND 2ZZ-GE ENGINES
ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM 1. General The engine control system for the 1ZZ-FE and 2ZZ-GE engines have following system. System SFI Sequential Multiport Fuel Injection ESA Electronic Spark Advance IAC (Idle
More informationOperating conditions. Engine 3 1,756 3,986 2.27 797 1,808 2.27 7,757 6,757 4,000 1,125 980 5.8 3,572 3,215 1,566
JOURNAL 658 OEFELEIN OEFELEIN AND YANG: INSTABILITIES IN F-l ENGINES 659 Table 2 F-l engine operating conditions and performance specifications Mass flow rate, kg/s, Ibm/s Fuel Oxidizer Mixture ratio Pressure,
More informationIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIn -_
V,. v 1 US 20080196974A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Appl lca tlol Publication (10) Pub. N0.: US 2008/ 0196974 A1 GALVEL (43) Pub. Date: (54) DEVCE AND METHOD OF STANDBY LUBRFCATON FOR AN ENGNE (75)
More information7714 Evaluation 7 logic
US 20140229045A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0229045 A1 Borchers et al. (43) Pub. Date: Aug. 14, 2014 (54) (75) (73) (21) (22) (86) (30) METHOD FOR OPERATING
More information51 7 522 Ml CRO- MICRO PLEASE
US005951462A Ulllted States Patent [19] [11] Patent Number: 5,951,462 Yamanaka [45] Date of Patent: Sep. 14, 1999 [54] ELECTRONIC ENDOSCOPE SYSTEM FOR 5,402,769 4/1995 Tsuji..... 600/109 DISPLAYING UNCONNECTED
More informationEngineering, Bharathiyar College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikal, Pondicherry 609 609, India
74 The Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal, 2008, 1, 74-78 Open Access Some Comparative Performance and Emission Studies on DI Diesel Engine Fumigated with Methanol and Methyl Ethyl Ketone Using Microprocessor
More informationSAS light Check Engine Malfunction Indicator Lamp
SAS light Check Engine Malfunction Indicator Lamp Here's how to do it: In car ECM Diagnostics/ECM Reset procedure: 1) Sit in the driver's seat. 2) Turn the ignition key to the ON position and wait three
More informationUS 20050027827A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0027827 A1 Owhadi et al. (43) Pub. Date: Feb.
US 20050027827A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2005/0027827 A1 Owhadi et al. (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 3, 2005 (54) SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING SUPPORT FOR AN ELECTRONIC
More informationMicro Motion 3098 Gas Specific Gravity Meter
Product Data Sheet PS-001161, Rev. D April 2013 Micro Motion 3098 Gas Specific Gravity Meter Micro Motion density and concentration meters are built to tackle the most demanding process and fiscal applications.
More informationMeans are provided for repetitively applying a low [52] U S Cl 128/2 1 B 324/51 current signal, having a distinctive waveform and fre
United States Patent [19] [111 Lencioni, Jr. [451 Jan. 14, 1975 [54] OPEN LEAD TESTING SYSTEM FOR EEG Primary Examiner William E. Kamm [75] Inventor: Cecil C. Lencioni, Jr., Chicago, Ill. giggles; Agent
More informationA Practical Guide to Free Energy Devices
A Practical Guide to Free Energy Devices Part PatE2: Last updated: 28th January 2006 Author: Patrick J. Kelly Please note that this is a re-worded excerpt from this patent. It describes one method for
More informationSpecifications for Volkswagen Industrial Engine
Volkswagen 1 industrial engine Specifications for Volkswagen Industrial Engine AFD 1.9 ltr. TDI diesel engine EURO 2 Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg Volkswagen AG reserves the right to introduce amendments or
More informationLambda Meter Measurement of parameter λ (Lambda) air / fuel ratio (AFR)
Lambda Meter Measurement of parameter λ (Lambda) air / fuel ratio (AFR) Wide band lambda probe measures the numerical value of the ratio Air Fuel Ratio AFR or parameter of λ (Lambda) by measuring the oxygen
More informationChem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 4 Moles & Stoichiometry Answers
Key Questions & Exercises Chem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 4 Moles & Stoichiometry Answers 1. The atomic weight of carbon is 12.0107 u, so a mole of carbon has a mass of 12.0107 g. Why doesn t a mole of
More informationELECTRICAL WIRING (R.H. DRIVE VEHICLES)
C-1 ELECTRICAL WIRING (R.H. DRIVE VEHICLES) CONTENTS GENERAL.......................... 3 WIRING HARNESS CONFIGURATION DIAGRAMS......................... 4 ENGINE COMPARTMENT................ 4 DASH PANEL...........................
More informationVOLKSWAGEN POWERTRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS DIAGNOSTICS ONE
LEARNING GUIDE POWERTRAIN SPECIALIST VOLKSWAGEN POWERTRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS DIAGNOSTICS ONE COURSE NUMBER: PT310-01 Notice Due to the wide range of vehicles makes and models, the information given during
More information(72) Inventors: Juergen RIEDL, Koenigsbrunn (DE); USPC ( 267/285)
US 20130087957A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0087957 A1 RIEDL et al. (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 11, 2013 (54) DEVICE FOR DAMPING THE VIBRATIONS Publication Classi?cation
More informationTOYOTA ELECTRONIC CONTROL TRANSMISSION
Electronic Control Transmission (ECT) The Electronic Control Transmission is an automatic transmission which uses modern electronic control technologies to control the transmission. The transmission itself,
More information(12) United States Patent (16) Patent N6.= US 6,198,814 B1 Gill (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 6, 2001
US006198814B1 (12) United States Patent (16) Patent N6.= Gill (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 6, 2001 (54) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ENTERING 5,621,790 * 4/1997 Grossman 6161...... 379/266 CALL OUTCOME RECORDS IN
More informationChem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 4 Moles & Stoichiometry
Chem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 4 Moles & Stoichiometry Why? Chemists are concerned with mass relationships in chemical reactions, usually run on a macroscopic scale (grams, kilograms, etc.). To deal with
More informationNaylor, Lake OsWego, OR (US) (51) Int_ CL
US 20100023688A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0023688 A1 Crowther et al. (43) Pub. Date: (54) SYMMETRICAL STORAGE ACCESS ON (86) PCT No.: PCT/US2007/001542
More informationSystem Diagnosis. Proper vehicle diagnosis requires a plan before you start
System Diagnosis Proper vehicle diagnosis requires a plan before you start Following a set procedure to base your troubleshooting on will help you find the root cause of a problem and prevent unnecessary
More informationABOUT THE DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
Table of Contents INTRODUCTION WHAT IS OBD?... 1 YOU CAN DO IT!... 2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS SAFETY FIRST!... 3 ABOUT THE DIAGNOSTIC TOOL VEHICLES COVERED... 5 BATTERY REPLACEMENT... 6 DIAGNOSTIC TOOL CONTROLS
More informationOverview. Technical Training
Overview Diesel particulate are typically soot particles with adherent hydrocarbons, sulphate and other condensed compounds. Legally a particulate is anything in the exhaust stream that can be captured
More informationsoftware, and perform automatic dialing according to the /*~102
US 20140105199A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0105199 A1 Tian (43) Pub. Date: (54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC DIALING ACCESS POINTS (71) Applicant:
More informationT U R B I N E G A S M E T E R
TURBINE GAS METER TURBINE GAS METER CGT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Design and function page 2 General technical data page 3 Measurement outputs page 4 Dimensions and weights page 5 Performance page 7 Pressure loss
More information(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,068,424 B1 Jennings et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 27, 2006
US007068424B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 7,068,424 B1 Jennings et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 27, 2006 (54) MULTIPLE PULSE GENERATION 6,141,127 A * 10/2000 Boivin et a1...... 398/92
More information: 2R5 ML OR 2. United States Patent [191. Fig-A3 [111 3,909,553. [451 Sept. 30, 1975 C54 ( T : Marshall. Laboratories Incorporated, Northlake, Ill.
United States Patent [191 Marshall [111 3,909,553 [451 Sept. 30, 1975 I54] LINE CARD FOR KEY TELEPHONE SYSTEMS ADAPTED TO PROVIDE MUSIC DURING HOLD CONDITION [75] Inventor: Richard A. Marshall, Bensenville.
More informationMP25(M) / MA25(M) Manual V4.17
MP25(M) / MA25(M) Manual V4.17 Contents page. 1 KMS (Kronenburg Management Systems)... 4 2 Software installation... 6 3 KMS software... 8 3.1 The main screen... 8 3.1.1 The injection characteristic diagram...
More informationVARIABLE COMPOSITION HYDROGEN/NATURAL GAS MIXTURES FOR INCREASED ENGINE EFFICIENCY AND DECREASED EMMISSIONS
VARIABLE COMPOSITION HYDROGEN/NATURAL GAS MIXTURES FOR INCREASED ENGINE EFFICIENCY AND DECREASED EMMISSIONS R. SIERENS University of Gent Laboratory of Transporttechnology Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat B-9000
More informationDTC P0351 Ignition Coil "A" Primary / Secondary Circuit. DTC P0352 Ignition Coil "B" Primary / Secondary Circuit
208 2UZ-FE EINE CONTROL SYSTEM SFI SYSTEM DTC P05 Ignition Coil "A" Primary / Secondary Circuit DTC P052 Ignition Coil "B" Primary / Secondary Circuit DTC P05 Ignition Coil "C" Primary / Secondary Circuit
More informationFuel Consumption Studies of Spark Ignition Engine Using Blends of Gasoline with Bioethanol
Fuel Consumption Studies of Spark Ignition Engine Using Blends of Gasoline with Bioethanol 208 V. Pirs, D. Berjoza, G. Birzietis, and I. Dukulis Motor Vehicle Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Latvia
More informationPollution by 2-Stroke Engines
Pollution by 2-Stroke Engines By Engr. Aminu Jalal National Automotive Council At The Nigerian Conference on Clean Air, Clean Fuels and Vehicles, Abuja, 2-3 May 2006 Introduction to the 2-Stroke Engine
More informationOUTCOME 2 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE. TUTORIAL No. 5 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
UNIT 61: ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Unit code: D/601/1410 QCF level: 5 Credit value: 15 OUTCOME 2 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE TUTORIAL No. 5 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 2 Be able to evaluate
More informationKolbenschmidt Pierburg Group
Kolbenschmidt Pierburg Group Exhaust Gas Recirculation Reducing Emissions with Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems Pierburg exhaust gas recirculation contributing to a clean environment for more than 30
More informationFuel Requirements for HCCI Engine Operation. Tom Ryan Andrew Matheaus Southwest Research Institute
Fuel Requirements for HCCI Engine Operation Tom Ryan Andrew Matheaus Southwest Research Institute 1 HCCI Fuel & Air Charge Undergoes Compression Spontaneous Reaction Throughout Cylinder Low Temperature
More informationExhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel. engine with addition of ethanol
www.ijaser.com 2014 by the authors Licensee IJASER- Under Creative Commons License 3.0 editorial@ijaser.com Research article ISSN 2277 9442 Exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine with addition
More informationOn-line Dissolved Gas Analysis
On-line Dissolved Gas Analysis accord. to IEC 567/ASTM 3612 Online-Monitoring of transformers Automatic on-line analysis of 11 gases The analysis is done in 2 steps with high selectivity and accuracy fully
More informationUS 20020128882A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. N0.: US 2002/0128882 A1
US 20020128882A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. N0.: US 2002/0128882 A1 Nakagawa et al. (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 12, 2002 (54) VEHICLE INSURANCE PREMIUM (22) Filed: Feb. 27,
More informationENGINE DIAGNOSTICS & CONTROL
ENGINE DIAGNOSTICS & CONTROL CONTROL SYSTEM WIRING DIAGRAM Page 1 Page 2 MONITORING SYSTEM AND CONTROL SYSTEM DEVICE RELATIONSHIP CHART : Applicable Component Input Battery Ignition switch A/C switch,
More informationInternal Combustion Optical Sensor (ICOS)
Internal Combustion Optical Sensor (ICOS) Optical Engine Indication The ICOS System In-Cylinder Optical Indication 4air/fuel ratio 4exhaust gas concentration and EGR 4gas temperature 4analysis of highly
More information(54) METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR FINDING Publication Classi?cation CONNECTIONS AMONG SUBSCRIBERS TO AN EMAIL CAMPAIGN (51) Int- Cl
US 201403 79420A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0379420 A1 Chestnut et al. (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 25, 2014 (54) METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR FINDING Publication
More informationThe 2.3-ltr. V5 Engine
The 2.3-ltr. V5 Engine Design and Function Self-Study Programme No. 195 195_118 The new 2.3-ltr. V5 engine is related to the VR6 engine as regards design. For this reason this Self-Study Programme will
More informationNote: This information obtained from internet sources and not verified- use at your own risk!!!!
Cummins Engine Diagnostic Fault Codes for 2003 and later engines (generally for 2004 and later Alpines; see page 13 for earlier engine diagnostic codes): Note: This information obtained from internet sources
More informationPREPARATION FOR TESTING
Table of Contents INTRODUCTION WHAT IS OBD?... 1 YOU CAN DO IT!... 2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS SAFETY FIRST!... 3 ABOUT THE SCAN TOOL VEHICLES COVERED... 5 BATTERY REPLACEMENT... 6 SCAN TOOL CONTROLS CONTROLS
More informationRESEARCHES REGARDING USING LPG ON DIESEL ENGINE
RESEARCHES REGARDING USING LPG ON DIESEL ENGINE Bogdan Cornel BENEA, Adrian Ovidiu ŞOICA TRANSILVANIA University of Brasov, Autovehicles and Engines Departament, B-dul Eroilor nr. 29, Brasov, Tel: 0040
More informationHearing Aids And Frequency Response Testing
' United States Patent [191 1 Power et al. [54] FREQUENCY RESPONSE TESTING APPARATUS [75] Inventors: Ronald Frederick Power, Rayleigh; Alan Anthony Barker, Gravesend; Michael Charles Martin, Kingston-upon-Thames;
More informationHay (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 17, 2002
US 20020152322A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2002/0152322 A1 Hay (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 17, 2002 (54) (76) (21) (22) (51) (52) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING
More information(12) United States Patent Takada
US008218645B2 (12) United States Patent Takada (10) Patent N0.: (45) Date of Patent: US 8,218,645 B2 Jul. 10, 2012 (54) METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ENCODING AND DECODING BY WAVELET TRANSFORM (75) Inventor:
More informationDetermination of the enthalpy of combustion using a bomb calorimeter TEC
Determination of the enthalpy of TEC Related concepts First law of thermodynamics, Hess s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of combustion, enthalpy of formation, heat capacity. Principle The bomb
More informationHVAC SYSTEM (AUTO A/C) (DIAGNOSTICS) AC
HVAC SYSTEM (AUTO A/C) (DIAGNOSTICS) AC Page. Basic Diagnostic Procedure.... General Description...3 3. Electrical Components Location...6 4. A/C Control Module I/O Signal...8 5. Self-diagnosis...0 6.
More informationWynn s Extended Care
Wynn s Extended Care Every car deserves to receive the very best care... especially yours. How Do You Keep Your Reliable Transportation Reliable? Count on Wynn s Because Wynn s has been caring for cars
More information17 Claims, 19 Drawing Sheets EG4 SD4 {8L4 ( I; DLI Q P A. \! v,zcll. RG1 7 / l. a U ' 14 A I 1) ~ $133 .. _. _. _. T. _. _. _. /,.
US008564751B2 (12) United States Patent Nakanishi et a]. (10) Patent N0.: (45) Date of Patent: US 8,564,751 B2 Oct. 22, 2013 (54) (75) (73) ( * ) (21) (22) (86) (87) (65) (30) Apr. 17, 2009 (JP)..... 2009-101273
More informationMarine after-treatment from STT Emtec AB
Marine after-treatment from STT Emtec AB For Your Vessel and the Environment 6 7 8 1 11 1 10 9 1. Pick up. Flow direction valve. Filters. Cooler. Condensate trap 6. Flow meter 7. EGR-valve 8. Secondary
More informationEmissions pollutant from diesel, biodiesel and natural gas refuse collection vehicles in urban areas
Emissions pollutant from diesel, biodiesel and natural gas refuse collection vehicles in urban areas José Mª López, Nuria Flores, Felipe Jiménez, Francisco Aparicio Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM),
More informationDTC Database (OBD-II Trouble Codes)
Auto Consulting S.a.s di Cofano A. & C. Attrezzature diagnostiche Elaborazioni elettroniche Formazione tecnica DTC Database (OBD-II Trouble Codes) Definitions for generic powertrain diagnostic trouble
More informationBoiler Tune-up Guide
Boiler Tune-up Guide National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Area Sources: Industrial, Commercial, and Institutional Boilers What is a boiler tune-up? 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart JJJJJJ
More information