Cybersecurity for Small Businesses Dr. Debasis Bhattacharya, UH Maui College
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1 Cri Crime and Your Credit Union Workshop Cybersecurity for Small Businesses Dr. Debasis Bhattacharya, UH Maui College 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 1
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5 Risks to Credit Unions Stealing Membership Lists Stealing Personal and Sensitive Info Spear Phishing Spamming Social Engineering Malware Botnets Loss of Reputation, Trust Lawsuits etc. 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 5
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9 What about small businesses? In 2011, there were over 28.2 million small businesses Small businesses make up 99.7% of US employer firms 63% of net new private-sector jobs 48.5% of private-sector employment 42% of private-sector payroll 46% of private-sector output 37% of high-tech employment 98% of firms exporting goods, and 33% of exporting value Source: US SBA Office of Advocacy, 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 9
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12 Source: Infographics (June 2012). Small business security by Veracode 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 12
13 Source: Infographics (June 2012). Small business security by Veracode 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 13
14 Source: Infographics (June 2012). Small business security by Veracode 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 14
15 Source: Infographics (June 2012). Small business security by Veracode 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 15
16 Agenda What is so special about small businesses anyway? Laws related to sensitive information Management of sensitive information How to safely transfer to others Encryption Sensitive information best practices Posting sensitive information online Storage of sensitive information Where to keep it and where not to 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 16
17 Agenda Web browsing safety Password Safety Phishing & Spam Mobile Security 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 17
18 Partial credit for this presentation. University of Hawaii Information Security Team Jodi Ito - Information Security Officer Deanna Pasternak & Darryl Higa Information Security Specialists This entire presentation can be found at 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 18
19 Security in Small Businesses Small businesses have security issues just as large businesses Lack of policies/procedures, technology or leadership styles impacts the ability to fight security problems Small businesses display a general lack of concern about security issues understandable! Security? What security? 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 19
20 Common Security Problems Delayed or no security fixes or patches Incorrect preventative measures Lack of focus on security Absence of training and policies Consumed by running the business Reliance on outsourcing, cloud storage Lack of technology savvy etc. These problems are prevalent in businesses of all sizes 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 20
21 What about small businesses? Open access to data and networks by a wide range of users. Reliance on outsourcing, cloud computing. Proliferation of data on devices (ipad, phones) Very basic policies and procedures in place to ensure data recovery and information security Too much reliance on tech such as anti-virus, firewalls, surge protectors, backup storage Data corruption, lost data, virus, malicious software, employee abuse and reliability issues 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 21
22 What about small businesses? Open access to data and networks by a wide range of users. Reliance on outsourcing, cloud computing. Proliferation of data on devices (ipad, phones) Very basic policies and procedures in place to ensure data recovery and information security Too much reliance on tech such as anti-virus, firewalls, surge protectors, backup storage Data corruption, lost data, virus, malicious software, employee abuse and reliability issues 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 22
23 Evolution of Security Issues 10 years ago after the dot-com bust - Low Internet penetration in Small Biz - Reliance on paper and the IT guy/gal - OK, if you did the basics - Windows Update - Virus Protection and Backups Today and the future - Phishing, social engineering, malware etc. - Cloud computing, HIPAA, devices etc. - Cyber breaches can ruin a small business 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 23
24 Study Design Empirical, quantitative study Survey of 122 small businesses within Hawaii Over 80% of business in Hawaii have < 25 employees Study conducted in 2007 and Currently updated Tested for correlation between Information security problems and Leadership styles of business leaders 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 24
25 14 Security Problems Insider abuse access Outsider access abuse Fraud Viruses Software problems Power failure Natural disaster Data integrity, data secrecy, data availability Data theft, data sabotage Transaction integrity User errors 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 25
26 3 Leadership Styles Transformational Visionary, dynamic owner Transactional Focused on costs, control and boqom line benefits Passive-avoidant Absentee, unavailable 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 26
27 Key Findings Policies and Procedures Computer Emergency Response Plan Computer Use and Misuse Policy Information Security Policy Cost-effective? Realistic? Proactive? 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 27
28 Key Findings Technology Encryption Software Anti-virus Software Security Evaluation Systems Intrusion Detection Systems System Activity Monitors Cost-effective? Easy to install/update? Preventative? 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 28
29 Key Findings Leadership Active Management by Exception Watch out for exceptons and abnormal behavior Idealized Influence ProacTve guidance, policies and training Contingent Reward Reward vigilance and safe computng practces Realistic? Achievable? Training? 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 29
30 Proposed Solutions Level 1 - Basic Hygiene Train employees in security principles Provide firewall security for the entire business Make backup copies of important business data Secure your Wi-Fi networks and hide routers Limit employee access to data and information 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 30
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33 Proposed Solutions Level II - Active Defense Actively monitor your networks and property Proactive guidance, policies and training Reward vigilance and safe computing practices Watch out for exceptions and abnormal behavior 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 33
34 Proposed Solutions Level III - Neighborhood Watch Share common tactics and strategies with others Obtain alerts from the crowd of small businesses Actively report information security issues and concerns to authorities and other small businesses 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 34
35 Level I Basic Hygiene Sensitive Information Scanning Encryption Secure File Transfer Secure Web Links Secure Storage Information Security Policy Cloud Security Social Engineering 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 35
36 Level I Basic Hygiene Back-ups Strong Passwords Web Browsing Safety URL Safety Spam Phishing Social Networking Mobile Safety 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 36
37 Level I Sensitive Information Information is considered sensitive if it can be used to cause an adverse effect on the organization or individual if disclosed to unauthorized individuals Some examples are: Social Security Numbers, Customer records, Health information, credit card numbers, dates of birth, job applicant records, etc. State, Federal and Regulatory requirements provide standards for protecting sensitive information Question: Do you have a policy that defines your sensitive information? 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 37
38 Know What to Protect A partial list of data considered sensitive Customer records Health information (HIPAA) Personal financial information Social Security Numbers Dates of birth Access codes, passwords and PINs Answers to "security questions" Confidential salary information 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 38
39 How to Protect Information Know where it is stored Safeguard it with physical security Encrypt it Redact it Delete it 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 39
40 Level I Scanning Identity Finder Windows and Macs Download at Find Social Security Numbers Virginia Tech IT resources_and_information/ find_ssns.html Scan for vulnerabilities OpenVAS Scan a single machine or a batch scan: 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 40
41 Level I - Encryption Encrypting a Windows file, folder, and entire disk - BitLocker Encrypted disk images and full disk encryption for a Mac Secure Disk Image 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 41
42 What Does An Encrypted File Look Like? 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 42
43 DO NOT LOSE YOUR ENCRYPTION KEY When using encryption be careful to safeguard your encryption key. If lost ITS might not be able to help you recover your data. 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 43
44 Ways To Securely Transfer Sensitive Information 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 44
45 Level I - Secure File Transfer Providers such as SendThisFile https://www.sendthisfile.com/ solutions/overview.jsp Secure file transfer up to 100GB $19.95/mo, 10 day file access Security ends at transmission, you will still need to secure information on your computer 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 45
46 Level I Spot Secure Links Look for the https:// encrypted) (the S means it is The S or the padlock means: That you have a secure (encrypted) link with this web site That this web site is a valid and legitimate organization or an accountable legal entity 19 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 46
47 Level I - Do Not Use To Transfer Sensitive Information Unencrypted Third party cloud applications such as Dropbox Google Drive Unsecured USB drives or other external devices 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 47
48 Level I - Where Should Sensitive Info Be Stored? Encrypted folders, partitions, or drives Secured servers Encrypted external drives Secure applications Locked file cabinets 21 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 48
49 Level I - Where Not To Store Sensitive Information Your Unsecured paper files Your hard drive unencrypted Social networking sites 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 49
50 Level I Create and enforce an Information Security Policy Sample UH Policy - Following policies and laws to protect sensitive information will not only protect the consumer, but it protects you from possible disciplinary action as stated in the UH General Confidentiality Notice UH Form 92 I understand that failure to abide by this notice may result in disciplinary action in accordance with University policies and procedures, State and federal laws, and applicable collective bargaining agreement up to and including dismissal. 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 50
51 Level I - The Cloud The Cloud is not secure Do not store information in the cloud unless it is encrypted 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 51
52 Level I - Keep Sensitive Information Secure From Social Engineers Verify callers Do not respond to scams, phishing, or suspicious phone calls requesting confidential company information or your own personal information. Remember the IRS will NEVER ask for your password over . 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 52
53 Level I - Back-Up Regularly backing up your data is critical in case of a computer failure Store your backup in a secure location Secure your backup, lock it up, encrypt it. Regularly verify you can restore from this backup. 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 53
54 Level I - Securing Your Password Password keepers such as KeePass or Last Pass or https://lastpass.com/ Do not store on your monitor or under keyboard Use something easy to remember but hard to guess Follow password generation guidelines CAPITALS lowercase numb3r5 $ymbols 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 54
55 Use STRONG Passwords Not easily guessable Do not use dictionary words Use a combination of upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters No less than 8 characters Check your password strength: https://www.microsoft.com/protect/fraud/passwords/ checker.aspx 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 55
56 Creating a Strong Password Incorporate something memorable to you Replace letters with numbers or characters Example: First dog s name is Bingo You got him in 1965 Black spots Add special characters ==> B1NG01965bs! 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 56
57 Level I - Web Browsing Safety Use anti-virus software on your computer Create and use strong passwords Beware of instant message links and attachments Protect yourself on all wireless networks Check the URL of a website to make sure it s legitimate Ensure your web browser software and all plugins are up to date 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 57
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59 Level I - URL Safety Avoid clicking on links in pop-up ads or links in s that seem to be phony or suspicious. A good general rule is to type the Web site address in your address bar directly, rather than use a link in an message You can check the URL in any or on another Web site by simply holding your mouse above the link. The URL will appear in your browser or status bar (the bar that is usually at the bottom of your screen) and you can see what the name of the site is before you actually click on it. 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 59
60 Common Signs of a Fake URL A fairly sure sign that a URL is fake is if the URL contains the sign in the middle of the address. If a URL contains the sign, the browser ignores everything to the left of the link. For example, if you go to a Web site that is you are not going to the Paypal site at all. A dead giveaway for a fake URL or a fake Web site is basic spelling mistakes in the Web address itself. Some URLs look very much like the name of a well-known company, but there may be letters transposed or left out. An example might be "mircosoft.com" instead of "microsoft.com." These slight differences can be easy to miss, and that's what phishers are counting on. 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 60
61 Level I - Public Computers Remember to Logoff of any password protected webpage instead of just closing your browser Clear the browser s cache and web cookies When logging into password protected sites, do not use the Save my username and password option Do not log into banking or other sensitive sites over public or unsecured wireless hotspots Use private browsing 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 61
62 Private Browsing Private Browsing allows you to browse the Internet without saving any information about which sites and pages you ve visited. Warning: Private Browsing doesn't make you anonymous on the Internet. Your Internet service provider, employer, or the sites themselves can still track what pages you visit. Private Browsing also doesn't protect you from keyloggers or spyware that may be installed on your computer. 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 62
63 Level I - Don t click on attachments that you weren t expecting Do not reply to Phishing s, even to say that you aren t interested in or to ask them to stop contacting you Use spam filters Be wary of s that have misspellings or don t use your correct name Type in the URLS of your bank or other sensitive websites instead of clicking on the URL in s 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 63
64 Level I - Spam Spam is the electronic version of junk mail. It involves sending unwanted messages, often unsolicited advertising, to a large number of recipients. Spam is a serious security concern as it can be used to deliver Trojan horses, viruses, worms, spyware, and targeted phishing attacks According to Symantec s latest State of Spam report, spam now accounts for 72% of all messages 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 64
65 How Do You Know it s Spam? Messages that do not include your address in the TO: or CC: fields are common forms of Spam Some Spam can contain offensive language or links to Web sites with inappropriate content Spam also includes many misspellings or poor sentence structure 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 65
66 Reporting Spam Report to FTC or ISP: report suspicious activity to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) at or If you get spam that is phishing for information, forward it to If you believe you've been scammed, file your complaint at and then visit the FTC's Identity Theft Web site at to learn how to minimize your risk of damage from ID theft. If you receive a porn spam (pornography), you can report it at It should also be reported back to the ISP (Internet Service Provider) where the originated from. 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 66
67 Level I - Phishing Agencies such as the IRS will NEVER ask you for your password over Social engineers will combine s with phone calls Subscribe to Phishing Alerts FraudWatch International at 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 67
68 Don t Fall For This 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 68
69 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 69
70 Level I - What is DMCA? An act created to protect intellectual property in digital form Downloading / Distribution of copyrighted work without authority constitutes an infringement Examples of copyrighted materials are songs, movies, TV Shows, software, and games Violations are subject to civil and criminal liabilities 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 70
71 Downloading Downloading and sharing of copyrighted materials via peer-to-peer file sharing software / networks WITHOUT LEGAL PERMISSION from the copyright owner or agent BitTorrent, LimeWire, and Gnutella are examples of methods used for downloading large amounts of data from the Internet 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 71
72 UH Requirements for DMCA Notify the copyright infringer of the infringement Require them to remove the infringing material Provide education on Copyright Infringement 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 72
73 DMCA Violation Consequences UH complies with all copyright legal obligations When presented with a subpoena UH will provide the violators information The individual can be sued Penalties include civil and criminal penalties Civil penalties may be actual damages at not less than $750 and not more than $30,000 per work infringed Criminal penalties include imprisonment of up to five years and fines up to $250,000 per offense 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 73
74 Safe Social Networking Practices 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 74
75 Level I - Safe Social Networking Practices Limit personal information online Ensure information you post does not answer security questions (dog s name, mothers maiden name) Check privacy settings to see who has access to online info Google yourself to see what people can piece together about you 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 75
76 Social Networking Do not post TOO MUCH INFORMATION! The Internet is FOREVER! Whatever you post may circulate even AFTER you delete it New scams use social networking sites to get background personal information 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 76
77 Facebook Security https://www.facebook.com/security
78 Mobile Device Security 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 78
79 Level I - Mobile Best Practices Secure your mobile devices Use accounts and complex passwords Don t leave your devices unattended Enable auto-wipe Encrypt sensitive information Be aware when using location-aware services 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 79
80 Mobile Malware How does a mobile device get infected? Crafted malicious URL Malicious Apps What can mobile malware do? Sends out SMS messages Destroys data on device Can spread to computers to infect them when synced 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 80
81 Geotagging Pictures taken w/ a GPS-enabled smartphone tags each picture with the longitude & latitude of the location of the picture 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 81
82 Turning off Location Services iphone Settings > Location Services 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 82
83 Location-Aware Services 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 83
84 Level I - Keep Your Computers Safe Update the software on your computer weekly (or more frequently) Install anti-virus and anti-spyware software and keep it up-to- date Scan your computer for vulnerabilities and PII Use accounts and strong passwords Encrypt sensitive information Don t install unknown software from unknown sites DO NOT SHARE your accounts/passwords Use password protected screen savers 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 84
85 Level I - Wireless & Public Computers Be cautious when using open wireless networks Others using the network may be sniffing the network If you must use a public computer, change the password on the account accessed using a secure computer ASAP 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 85
86 Level II and III Level II - Active Defense AcTvely monitor your networks and property ProacTve guidance, policies and training Reward vigilance and safe computng practces Watch out for exceptons and abnormal behavior Level III - Neighborhood Watch Share common tactcs and strategies with others Obtain alerts from the crowd of small businesses AcTvely report informaton security issues and concerns to authorites and other small businesses 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 86
87 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 87
88 What They Got Right 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 88
89 Lessons Learned 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 89
90 Conclusion Small businesses have security issues just as large businesses Lack of policies/procedures, technology or leadership style impacts the ability to fight security problems Level I precautions can be done today. Level II and III require work! For further information or 6/5/15 Cybersecurity for Small Businesses 90
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