The Cleaning Up of Singapore River and Kallang Basin ( )
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1 C L E A N R I V E R S B E T T E R L I F E The Cleaning Up of Singapore River and Kallang Basin ( )
2 Then
3 Now
4 How did Singapore achieve this? This is the story of Cleaning Up of Singapore River and Kallang Basin It took us 10 years, from 1977 to In Feb 1977, Singapore was given a Vision
5 The Vision It should be a way of life to keep the water clean, to keep every stream, every culvert, every rivulet, free from unnecessary pollution. In ten years let us have fishing in the Singapore River and fishing in the Kallang River. It can be done. PM Lee Kuan Yew 27 February 1977
6 The Problem sources of pollution Singapore River and Kallang Basin catchments cover a fifth of the total land area of Singapore, wherein is sited about half of the built-up up area.
7 The identification of problem sources of pollution
8 Sources of Pollution 1 Squatters - 27,000 squatter families 2 Cottage industry - 3,600 backyard industries motor-repair shops 3 Farms pig farms duck farms 4 Street hawkers - 4,900 street hawkers 5 Market activities fruit / vegetable wholesalers 6 Riverine activities bumboats - 64 boatyards 7 Unsewered premises - 21,000 unsewered premises
9 SQUATTERS Squatter colony Discharge of sullage water Overhanging latrine
10 SQUATTERS Sullage water discharged from squatter premises Nightsoil bucket latrine
11 Sources of Pollution 1 Squatters - 27,000 squatter families 2 Cottage industry - 3,600 backyard industries motor-repair shops 3 Farms pig farms duck farms 4 Street hawkers - 4,900 street hawkers 5 Market activities fruit / vegetable wholesalers 6 Riverine activities bumboats - 64 boatyards 7 Unsewered premises - 21,000 unsewered premises
12 COTTAGE INDUSTRY Backyard food manufacturing Backyard motor repair at Kampong Arang Backyard motor repair
13 Sources of Pollution 1 Squatters - 27,000 squatter families 2 Cottage industry - 3,600 backyard industries motor-repair shops 3 Farms pig farms duck farms 4 Street hawkers - 4,900 street hawkers 5 Market activities fruit / vegetable wholesalers 6 Riverine activities bumboats - 64 boatyards 7 Unsewered premises - 21,000 unsewered premises
14 FARMS Pig farm at Kampong San Teng Duck farm at Kampong San Teng
15 Sources of Pollution 1 Squatters - 27,000 squatter families 2 Cottage industry - 3,600 backyard industries motor-repair shops 3 Farms pig farms duck farms 4 Street hawkers - 4,900 street hawkers 5 Market activities fruit / vegetable wholesalers 6 Riverine activities bumboats - 64 boatyards 7 Unsewered premises - 21,000 unsewered premises
16 STREET HAWKERS Chinatown (Trengganu Street) Chinatown (Smith Street) Bugis Street Bugis Street
17 Sources of Pollution 1 Squatters - 27,000 squatter families 2 Cottage industry - 3,600 backyard industries motor-repair shops 3 Farms pig farms duck farms 4 Street hawkers - 4,900 street hawkers 5 Market activities fruit / vegetable wholesalers 6 Riverine activities bumboats - 64 boatyards 7 Unsewered premises - 21,000 unsewered premises
18 MARKET ACTIVITIES Waste vegetables discarded along Chin Hin Street Vegetable wholesale site at Tew Chew Street Drain at New Bridge Road
19 Sources of Pollution 1 Squatters - 27,000 squatter families 2 Cottage industry - 3,600 backyard industries motor-repair shops 3 Farms pig farms duck farms 4 Street hawkers - 4,900 street hawkers 5 Market activities fruit / vegetable wholesalers 6 Riverine activities bumboats - 64 boatyards 7 Unsewered premises - 21,000 unsewered premises
20 RIVERINE ACTIVITIES Geylang River Singapore River Singapore River (Magazine Road)
21 RIVERINE ACTIVITIES (Boat repair and shipyard) Kallang Basin Rochor River Singapore River (Jiak Kim Street)
22 Sources of Pollution 1 Squatters - 27,000 squatter families 2 Cottage industry - 3,600 backyard industries motor-repair shops 3 Farms pig farms duck farms 4 Street hawkers - 4,900 street hawkers 5 Market activities fruit / vegetable wholesalers 6 Riverine activities bumboats - 64 boatyards 7 Unsewered premises - 21,000 unsewered premises
23 UNSEWERED PREMISES Nightsoil bucket phased out in January 1987
24 The Action Plan The primary aim was to remove the filth and stench permanently from the rivers and canals. Clean water will then flow in our watercourses and aquatic life will return... The Action Plan called for a coordinated, comprehensive approach with the active participation and commitment of many agencies and Singaporeans
25 Action Plans 1. Development of infrastructure such as housing, industrial workshops, sewerage and food centres. 2. Massive resettlement of squatters, backyard trades and industries and farmers. 3. Resiting of street hawkers into food centres, provided with water supply and wash areas connected to sewers. 4. Relocating of vegetable wholesalers 5. Resiting of lighterage activities 6. Phasing out of pollutive activities such as boat-yard activities and charcoal trading. 7. Demolition and removal of rubbish and flotsam; and dredging of riverbeds 8. Improve the riverbanks and riverine environment.
26 Development of infrastructure such as housing, industrial workshops, sewerage and food centers. Construction of public housing (Serangoon Ave 1) Construction of sewers Construction of industrial workshops (Ubi Industrial Estate)
27 Action Plans 1. Development of infrastructure such as housing, industrial workshops, sewerage and food centres. 2. Massive resettlement of squatters, backyard trades and industries and farmers. 3. Resiting of street hawkers into food centres, provided with water supply and sewered wash areas. 4. Relocating of vegetable wholesalers 5. Resiting of lighterage activities 6. Phasing out of pollutive activities such as boat-yard activities and charcoal trading. 7. Demolition and removal of rubbish and flotsam; and dredging of riverbeds 8. Improve the riverbanks and riverine environment.
28 Massive resettlement of squatters, backyard trades and industries and farmers. Before Resettlement After Resettlement
29 Action Plans 1. Development of infrastructure such as housing, industrial workshops, sewerage and food centres. 2. Massive resettlement of squatters, backyard trades and industries and farmers. 3. Resiting of street hawkers into food centres, provided with water supply and sewered wash areas. 4. Relocating of vegetable wholesalers 5. Resiting of lighterage activities 6. Phasing out of pollutive activities such as boat-yard activities and charcoal trading. 7. Demolition and removal of rubbish and flotsam; and dredging of riverbeds 8. Improve the riverbanks and riverine environment.
30 Resiting of street hawkers into food centres,, provided with water supply and sewered wash areas Before Resiting After Resiting
31 Action Plans 1. Development of infrastructure such as housing, industrial workshops, sewerage and food centres. 2. Massive resettlement of squatters, backyard trades and industries and farmers. 3. Resiting of street hawkers into food centres, provided with water supply and sewered wash areas. 4. Relocating of vegetable wholesalers. 5. Resiting of lighterage activities 6. Phasing out of pollutive activities such as boat-yard activities and charcoal trading. 7. Demolition and removal of rubbish and flotsam; and dredging of riverbeds 8. Improve the riverbanks and riverine environment.
32 Relocating of vegetable wholesalers Vegetable wholesale site at Tew Chew Street Relocated vegetable wholesale site at Pasir Panjang
33 Action Plans 1. Development of infrastructure such as housing, industrial workshops, sewerage and food centres. 2. Massive resettlement of squatters, backyard trades and industries and farmers. 3. Resiting of street hawkers into food centres, provided with water supply and sewered wash areas. 4. Relocating of vegetable wholesalers. 5. Resiting of lighterage activities. 6. Phasing out of pollutive activities such as boat-yard activities and charcoal trading. 7. Demolition and removal of rubbish and flotsam; and dredging of riverbeds 8. Improve the riverbanks and riverine environment.
34 Resiting of lighterage activities Bum boats at Pasir Panjang after resiting from Singapore River and Kallang Basin
35 Action Plans 1. Development of infrastructure such as housing, industrial workshops, sewerage and food centres. 2. Massive resettlement of squatters, backyard trades and industries and farmers. 3. Resiting of street hawkers into food centres, provided with lighting, water supply and sewered wash areas. 4. Relocating of vegetable wholesalers. 5. Resiting of lighterage activities. 6. Phasing out of pollutive activities such as boat-yard activities and charcoal trading. 7. Demolition and removal of rubbish and flotsam; and dredging of riverbeds 8. Improve the riverbanks and riverine environment.
36 Phasing out of pollutive activities and charcoal trading Resiting of charcoal traders to Lorong Halus from Kallang Basin (Tanjong Rhu)
37 Action Plans 1. Development of infrastructure such as housing, industrial workshops, sewerage and food centres. 2. Massive resettlement of squatters, backyard trades and industries and farmers. 3. Resiting of street hawkers into food centres, provided with water supply and sewered wash areas. 4. Relocating of vegetable wholesalers. 5. Resiting of lighterage activities. 6. Phasing out of pollutive activities such as boat-yard activities and charcoal trading. 7. Demolition and removal of rubbish and flotsam; and dredging of riverbeds. 8. Improve the riverbanks and riverine environment.
38 Demolition and removal of rubbish and flotsam; and dredging of riverbeds
39 Demolition and removal of rubbish and flotsam; and dredging of riverbeds
40 Action Plans 1. Development of infrastructure such as housing, industrial workshops, sewerage and food centres. 2. Massive resettlement of squatters, backyard trades and industries and farmers. 3. Resiting of street hawkers into food centres, provided with water supply and sewered wash areas. 4. Relocating of vegetable wholesalers 5. Resiting of lighterage activities 6. Phasing out of pollutive activities such as boat-yard activities and charcoal trading. 7. Demolition and removal of rubbish and flotsam; and dredging of riverbeds. 8. Improvement of riverbanks / riverine environment.
41 Improvement of riverbanks / riverine environment Physical improvement work in progress at Kampong Bugis, Kallang River / Rochor River Dredging work in progress at Kallang River
42 Improvement of riverbanks / riverine environment Placement of sand at Kallang Basin Sandy beach formed at Kallang River
43 BEFORE AND AFTER Singapore River (North Boat Quay) Singapore River (Robertson Quay)
44 1982 BEFORE AND AFTER Geylang River Rochor Canal
45 BEFORE AND AFTER Singapore River (Jiak Kim Street) Kampong Bugis (Kallang River)
46 Return of aquatic life Fishes are now a familiar sight in the rivers University researchers at work on the Singapore River
47 Clean Rivers : Better Life Hong Bao Night at Singapore River 1984
48 Clean Rivers : Better Life River Carnival 86 at Singapore River Singapore River Regatta 85 Dragon Boat Race 87
49 Celebrating Joyous River Sculpture Commemorative Medal
50 PM Lee Kuan Yew Only ten years ago our rivers were like sewers, smelly, dirty and a devoid of fish or any aquatic life. This year marks the restoration tion of the Singapore, Rochor, Geylang and Kallang Rivers into clean watercourses. This cannot adequately describe the hard work, the planning and the implementation, that step by step reversed the pollution that human settlements from 1819 onwards had caused. It was a triumph to have diverted all toilet and sullage water into sewers, and to have resettled hawkers, boatmen, pig and duck farmers. We now have pleasant riverscapes.. We can walk along the river sides and fish or boat, ski and swim, all unthinkable only a few years ago. It is an achievement many societies dream of, but only few achieved.
51 C L E A N R I V E R S B E T T E R L I F E
52 Produced by : Drainage Department January 2004
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