THE HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE RUTLAND COUN

Transcription

1 THE HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE RUTLAND COUN VERMONT STATE REGISTER OF HISTO r VERMONT DIVISION FOR HISTORIC PRESERVA

2 Curtis B. Johnson, Editor Elsa Gilbertson, Assistant Editor Published by the Vermont Division for Historic Preservation ( ). Printed in the United States of America 1988 The Vermont Division for Historic Preservation The activity that is the subject of this publicatio been financed in part with Federal funds from th All rights reserved. No part of this book may National be used, Park Service, Department of the Interio reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, ever, or the transmitted contents and opinions do not necessar in any manner, except for brief quotations the in views critical or policies of the Department of the Int reviews or articles, without written permission does the from mention the of trade names or commercial Vermont Division for Historic Preservation. constitute endorsement or recommendation by Department of the Interior. This pamphlet is an excerpt from The Historic This program Architecture receives Federal financial assista of Rutland County. The complete volume contains identification a short and protection of historic propertie history of Rutland County, individual histories Tide VI of of each the C ivil Rights Act of 1964 and Sectio town in the county, and a guide to Vermont the Rehabilitation architecture. Act of 1973, the U.S. Departm An abbreviated version of the architecture Interior guide prohibits is found discrimination on the basis of r on the back cover of this pamphlet. color, national origin, or handicap in its federally The essays use historic architecture to programs. tell the developmental history of each town from the first against years of in white any program, activity, or facility as des If you believe you have been discrimi settlement to World War II. Most of the photographs above, or if you are desire further information, pleas contemporary to show the historic structures Office as for they Equal stand Opportunity, U.S. Department o today. Sources used to prepare this book, Interior, which Washington, include D.C the Vermont State Historic Sites and Structures Survey and other primary and secondary sources, are listed in the select bibliography found in the complete county volume. Structures referred to in the text that are listed on the State Register of Historic Places are identified by a number or street address in parentheses corresponding to the Register listings and maps immediately following each town history. The list uses standardized architectural terms to provide information on readily identifiable, significant, exterior features of Register sites. This information is gathered by surveying the exteriors of tures and examining readily available sources. T be discrepancies between demonstrable or asse building dates and those dates given here. All sites are located on town maps, and where applicable, village area and historic district maps For further information on The Historic Architecture land County or the State Register of Historic Place contact the Vermont Division for Historic Preser State Office Building, Montpeher, Vermont 0560 Most of the historic structures included in the town histories are privately owned and are not open to the public. When viewing, please be courteous. INTRODUCTION Historic structures are part of our daily lives County in is part of the effort by the Division for His Vermont. We live in them, we work in them, Preservation we shop to encourage and enhance the appre in them, we continue to use them for the purposes tion and continued for thoughtful use of our historic which they were built, or we find new ways architectural to use resources and to save and protect the them. Whether buildings or bridges, on the for farm, the future. in This publication identifies and doc the village or city, these historic resources ments are a living the resources making up the rich architectu history of the state because they stand as powerful heritage left in our stewardship, and gives citizens and readily visible reminders of our past. today information that is needed to plan for its Historic buildings also make a major contribution preservation. to the celebrated Vermont environment that I is hope crucial this publication will encourage commun to both our economic prosperity and to our pride, personal and that it will be used by property owners t well being. Historic downtowns provide attractive learn about their buildings, by local officials in pl alternatives to shop and work. Industries locate ning for in the future of their towns, as a resource fo Vermont because of the quality of life here, teachers and the of Vermont and local history, as a guide presence of our history is one aspect of that residents quality. on It Sunday drives, and as a way travelers is clear from every survey that travelers come from to all see over can learn about Vermont. More tha our countryside, with its historic buildings, this, green I hope it helps us au recognize our heritage a fields, forests, hills, and mountains. the value of preserving it. We must make a constant effort to protect historic resources and their surroundings and be ready to intervene to prevent the forces of both man and nature from destroying what our ancestors Eric placed Gilbertson the landscape. The Historic Architecture of Rutland Director, Vermont Division for Historic Preserva

3 381 RUTLAND TOWN Even in winter farms such as this one (33) lend their beauty to the agricultural landscape of Rutland Town north of the City of Rutland, this farmstead with its la bank barn and white farmhouse is set against the ba the rugged laconic Range. Rutland Town, which originally with included the historic buildings of Center Rutla what are now Rutland City, shaped Proctor, by early milling efforts, trade, and and West Rutland, lies in a marble fertile, industry. rolling plain well watered by the Otter Creek, East Creek, and their tributaries. JAMES Several MEAD, important early roads were laid out through the town: of Rutland, the came here in 1769, the earliest recorded sett 1759 Crown Point and 1776 Hubbardton returning military roads, the Rutland to Burlington children stage to road an unfinished log cabin near t the next year with his wife and t (U.S. Route 7), and an east-west present road (U.S. Center Route Rutland. Establishing title 4) to Skenesboro, New York, surveyed most of in the land surrounding the Otter C Where the Crown Point road crossed falls, the then Otter built a gristmill and maintain Creek at a set of falls, the village bridge of Center over Rutland gradually developed after 1780 by the as a Revolutionary milling War. In July 1777 A the creek. Settlement was dis center for a growing agricultural community. ican forces retreated from Mount Indepe Marble quarrying interests in the in western Orwell portion of town and the arrival of the stopped railroad at in Mead's on their way to Manch and after the Battle of Hubbard 1850 combined to transform the village In 1778 into Fort a Ranger, which became the m busy marble processing center, and headquarters by the late of Vermont, was built on th 1800s into a corporate outpost of above the Vermont Mead's mill. Marble Company. Agriculture remained Two ambitious important in outlying regions, as farmers Richard shifted Gookin, to bought Mead's gristmill brothers, William and dairying in the latter half of the 19th as some century. land around Mead's Falls about The town lost nearly two-thirds of and its size then after built a fulling mill, paper mill, an the creation of the towns of Proctor store and in West the newly developing hamlet of C Rutland in 1886 and the incorporation treville of (called the Center Rutland after 1840) City of Rutland in 1892, leaving it About with Center 1810 William Gookin built a gracef Rutland and farmland ringing the City. Today Rutland Town retains an architectural heritage rich in agricultural buildings, which Building contrast numbers in parenthesis correspond to the St of Historic Places listing and maps that follow the text.

4 382 RUTLAND TOWN In 1889 the Swedish Evangelical Congregational Mission Church was Jormed. Work soon began on the foundation of a church, located on land in Center Rutland donated by the Vermont Marble Company. Subscriptions were raised, including a $250 gift from Redfield Proctor, and in 1892 the newly completed church (54) was dedicated. Federal style home (A17) with a handsome sidelit doorway and Palladian window not far from the recently renamed Gookin's Falls. Much of the outlying land in Rutland These marble Town, block terraces and walls are part o gentle terrain crisscrossed by the Vermont Otter Creek, Marble Company industrial complex (49 East Creek, Clarendon River, and Gookin's Cold Falls River, in Center Rutland. The site includ proved fertile for farming, and by marble the early mill on 1800s one bank of the Otter Creek and a a number of farms were established generating throughout station on the other. the town. Daniel Greeno, who first settled in the northeast corner of Rutland before emphasis the Revolution, moved further to the west and building in 1795 new built barns to house their herd from raising sheep to dairyin a Cape Cod (3), now one of the oldest A large standing bank barn (27) on a northern R houses in town. Yet another Cape farm Cod proclaims (45, its year of construction C.1810), with a transom over the doorway, on one side is of its polychromed slate ro located in the southwestern corner year of town. later the Lester family erected a n Slightly later farmhouses were even (13c), more also substantial. The Hymes family owned road a large from Geor their house. Many of these with a slate-covered roof, ac gian plan home (21, c.1815), detailed sent with their a milk Fed teral style door surround, while the including Griggs family one established in 1873 by b several local cheese house (1, C.1820) is built of brick with Jesse elliptical and Leeds Billings. Jesse owned arches over all the windows. farm, and lived in the brick house (46) By the 1830s many Rutland farmers his father, were Avery, in raising sheep for wool, and between 1830 and 1850 the town had the largest sheep TWO population RAILROADS built through town in the county. Farmers not only updated Rutland their and Burlington of 1849 and th old homes, but also erected stylish land new and ones. Whitehall A of 1850, greatly sti Greek Revival style doorway was the added newly to developing marble industry Daniel Greeno's Cape Cod house county (3, by providing direct routes to di 1795/C.1835), while another member markets. of the William Barnes, who in 1844 family, Benjamin, had a 2 54 story the sidehall first marble plan quarry in West Mounta house (4, C.1835) built in the same what style is just now up West Rutland), and his pa the road. H. W. Lester's farm near liam East Y. Ripley Creek had large blocks of mar has a sidehall plan house (13a) and dragged several by barns oxen and horses, and late dating from about To join the on outlying the railroad line to their mill at Goo farms, a number of covered bridges for sawing. were constructed across the East and Otter Center Creeks Rutland, about lived in a brick Feder Ripley, who also ran a stor this time. Today only one (26), built house in 1850 (All, by C.1825), distinguished by p Pittsford-born, master bridge builder end walls Nicholas and arcaded wall panels, wh M. Powers, still stands, although originally it was washed owned by Thomas Page. Ch ashore in the flood of Clement soon established another ma Agriculture remained important (foundation throughout of 49d), and in ensuing ye the rest of town in the second half company of the 19th built a number of modest ho century. Farmers gradually shifted nearby their for his workers. Among those t

5 RUTLAND TOWN 383 The railroad station (A19) in Center Rutland likely was built near the turn of the 20th century. Now usedfor Numerous other dwellings purposes, built by the Vermont Marble C the old station with its wide overhanging slate-covered for its employees roof, once clustered near the marble mills large supporting brackets, and mix of clapboard Rutland. and Among vertical the few survivors of the 1927 and board siding stands today as a good example floods of and its type. subsequent redevelopments is this two fam (56, c.1910). The abundance in Rutland of marble, are a c.1860 house (53) with a simple wise sumptuous building material much in demand Greek Revival style doorway, and the three, United similar States, is evident here in its use for thefo and porch steps of this humble abode. story houses (50, 51, 52; c.1870) with no ornamentation. By the 1880s the marble interests begun that in had 1885 and linking Center Rutlan developed in the western hills were City in of large Rutland, part was electrified ten years responsible for the action of the state with power legislature from the coal-fired generators in It moved to partition off from Rutland Rutland Railway, Light and Power Comp Town two new towns Proctor and About West 1906 Rutland. The size of Rutland was further electrified dimin its Center Rutland works, build the Vermont Marble Compan ished in 1892 with the incorporation marble-faced of the City powerhouse (part of 49) at of Rutland in its center. The western Otter border Creek of falls on the site of an old gris the city reached as far as Center Increasing Rutland, which demands in Rutland City for e was then left as the sole village in tricity Rutland led to Town. the construction in b With a need for their own municipal Rutland services, Railway, Light and Power Comp townspeople eventually voted to construct a power-generating the station (17) along wh village a large schoolhouse, but it now burned U.S. down Route 7 as part of its Chittende in 1908 just before its completion. Reservoir-East Immediately Creek generating system rebuilt, the new Colonial Revival style 1937 school it added a surge tank water tower (2 (A18) had four classrooms on the control first floor the and water flow in the system. the Town Hall in the basement. The marble industry in Center Rutland The Vermont Marble Company, gradually founded came by to a standstill after the D Redfield Proctor, became the leader sion of and the World Rutland County marble industry in the continued late 1800s to remain by important throughou War II, although agricultu buying out most of the other marble rest companies of the town. The old Rutland to Burli in the area, including those at Center stage Rutland. road (U5. Route 7) and the old Ske Vermont Marble soon transformed (Whitehall), this local New York, road (now U.S. Ro milling and trade center into a company now funnel town. heavy traffic through rolling fa They erected a large new mill (49d, land c.1900) into the on busy City of Rutland, posing the foundation of the old Clement threat mill, and to the connected it to their base of operations close in Proctor these by highways. Off" these main r significant early farmhouses building their own railroad, the Clarendon however, many and other Federal and Greek Pittsford, begun in 1886 and completed style farmhouses, in as well as later agricul The company also built a post office buildings, (A22, may be found throughout town c.1880) and a multitude of employee Center tenements Rutland a wide variety of building around their works (49). Although including many tenements were swept away in the 1927 State flood, Register one of Historic Places, docum those in a historic district listed well-preserved example, a duplex years (56, c.1910), as an early milling village as well as still stands. thriving center of the marble industry. Th c.1810 Gookin House has been recorded BY THE CLOSE OF THE 19TH drawings CENTURY for the Historic American Build a number of companies began building Survey, plants kept in to the Library of Congress. T harness the abundant Rutland area er the waterpower village and farms form an architec and generate electricity. A horse-drawn legacy that trolley. tells the long history of Rutlan

6 384 RUTLAND TOWN TOWN OF RUTLAND MAP Sites Listed in the State Register of Historic Places (Numbers correspond to Register listings that follow. For A see historic district map.)

7 RUTLAND TOWN 385 TOWN OF RUTLAND 8 House, c House, House,.19I5 Sites listed in Greek Revival style, Classic Gable roof, I'A stories. Bungalow style, gable roof, the State Register Cottage. Features: distinctive lintelboards, entry triangular arch win Features: rafter tails, bay win I'A stories. Features: entry pilasters, of Historic Places entablature, sidelights, entry dow, bay window, distinctive dow, distinctive dormer, cobblestone, recessed porch, (For locations entablature. dormer. see town and Related carriage barn, barn. stickwork. historic district Features: cupola. 20 House, c.1815 Related garage. Federal style, Georgian plan. maps.) Features: historic garage 9 House, c.1840 Features: entry pilasters, doors, sidelights, entry entablature, dis rafter tails. Greek Revival style, sidehall 1 House, c.1820 plan, 2!^ stories. tinctive chimney. 32 House, c.1915 Federal style, Georgian plan, Features: paneled entry Vernacular-Bungalow style, brick. pilasters, Colonial Revival 21 House, c.1815 hip roof, 1 'A stories. Features: sidelights, gable porch, fan, bay window, Queen window fan, entry fanlight. Anne window. Federal style, Georgian plan. Features: distinctive dormer, Features: distinctive chimney, porch, bay window, distinctive Related barn. 10 House, c.1820 sidelights, entry entablature, chimney. 2 House,.1840 Federal style, I-house. transom, entry pilasters. 33 House, c.1925 Greek Revival style, Georgian Features: transom, sidelights, 22 House, c.1825 Gable roof, 1 'A stories. plan. paneled entry pilasters, entry Federal style, I-house. Features: Colonial Revival Features: fieldstone, paneled entablature. Features: entry pilasters, porch. entry entry pilasters, reveals, entry Related barn. entablature, Colonial Revival Related bank barn. entablature, Colonial Revival Features: cupola. porch, transom. Features: cupola. porch, distinctive chimney. Related barn, barn. 11 House,.1920 Related carriage barn. 34 House, c.1850 Features: peaked lintelboards. Vernacular-Colonial Revival 23 House, c.1870 Vernacular-Greek Revival style. Foursquare. Vernacular-Italianate style, style. Classic Cottage. Features: beltcourse, porch, Classic Cottage. 3 House, Features: entry entablature. bay window, leaded glass Features: window, fieldstone. Italianate porch, sidelights. bay window, Related carriage barn. Related carriage barn. 35 House, c House, c.1900 Gable roof, stories. Gable roof, 2 stories. 24 Watsrtower, 1937 Features: rafter tails, distinctive chimney, distinctive dorm Features: Queen Anne porch. Related barn, barn. er. Colonial Revival porch. 25 Church, 1896 Gable roof, 114 stories. 13 (Farm) Features: tower. Queen Anne 36 House, c.1920 a. House, c.1850 window, unusual window. Gable roof, 1 'A stories. Gable roof 2 stories. Features: distinctive dormer, Features: porch. 26 Covered Bridge, 1850 porch, rafter tails. Greek Revival style, Classic b. Barn, c.1850 Architect/builder: Nicholas Related garage. Cottage. Features: cupola. M. Powers. Features: Greek Revival porch, c. Barn, c.1882 paneled entry pilasters, sidelights, entry entablature, Features; full cupola. Features: polychrome slate, Features: transom. d. Barn, c Barn, House, c.1880 entablature. e. Shed, c.1850 date inscription, falsefront. Related carriage barn, barn. Related house. Features: cupola, roof finials. 14 House, c.1905 Features: full entablature, corner pilasters. Gable roof, VA stories. 4 House, c.1835 Features: Queen Anne porch. Greek Revival style, sidehall Queen Anne window. 28 House, c.1865 plan, 2^ stories. Related barn. Greek Revival style, sidehall Features: entry pilasters, Features: entry cupola. plan, stories. entablature, sidelights, Colonial Revival porch. 15 House, 1836 sidelights, full entablature. Features: corner pilasters, Related carriage barn, barn. Greek Revival style, Georgian Related barn. Features: cupola, transom. plan, brick. Gable roof, I'A stories. Features: sidelights, transom, Features: Queen Anne porch, 5 House, c.1870 stone lintels, marble, distinctive chimney. 29 c.1920 distinctive dormer. Gable roof, I'A stories. Features: Gothic wall dormer, Related shed, barn, carriage transom, sidelights, corner barn. pilasters, segmental arch Features: cupola. window. Related barn, barn, carriage 16 House, c (Farm) a. House, c.1840 Greek Revival style, gable roof, stories. Features: distinctive lintelboards, entry entablature, sidelights, continuous architecture. b. Barn, c.1840 c. Barn, c.1840 Features: wood silo. 39 House, c.1865 Vernacular-Greek Revival barn. Gable roof, 2 stories. Features: cupola, transom. Features: Queen Anne porch. Queen Anne window. 6 House, c.1835 Related carriage barn. Greek Revival style, sidehall 17 Powerhouse, 1920 plan, 2^ stories. Neo-Classical Revival style. Foursquare. style, sidehall plan, IJ^ stories. Features: sidelights, entry Features: parapet, decorative Features: shinglework, distinctive dormer, porch, beltcourse. transom, full entablature, Features: corner pilasters, pilasters, entry entablature, brickwork, enriched frieze, sunburst, entry pediment. beltcourse. Related barn, garage. granite. 7 House, c.1900 Gable roof, I'A stories. 18 House, c House, c House, c.1875 Features: Italianate porch. Gable roof, I'A stories. Greek Revival style, sidehall Sidehall plan, 1 'A stories. Features: Queen Anne porch. plan, 2!^ stories. Features: sidelights. Related carriage barn. Features: corner pilasters, Related barn. Features: transom, Queen entry pilasters, entry entablature, porch. Anne porch. Related barn.

8 386 RUTLAND TOWN 41 House, c House, c.1860 Vernacular-Greek Revival Vernacular-Greek Revival style, gable roof, 2 stories. style, sidehall plan, 2 stories. Features: entry entablature, Features: entry entablature, sidelights. entry pilasters, peaked lintelboards. Related barn. Features: cupola. 54 Church, House, c.1870 Jerkinhead roof, VA stories. Vernacular-Italianate style, Features: round arch window, sidehall plan, 2^ stories. label lintels, round window, Features: round arch window, peaked lintelboards, transom, distinctive chimney. central tower. 43 House, c.1870 Gable roof, 2 J4 stories. Features: door hood, granite. Related garage. 44 House, c.1850 Gable roof, 2!4 stories. doors. Features: bargeboard, distinctive dormer. Queen Anne 56 Duplex, c.1910 porch, grcuiite. Related office. 45 House, c.1810 Cape Cod. Features: transom. Related barn. 57 House, c House, 1830 Gable roof, 2 stories. Greek Revival style, Georgian plan, brick. 58 House, c.1860 Features: stone lintels, bay Vernacular-Greek Revival window, distinctive chimney, style, gable roof, I'A stories. marble, porch. Related barn. 47 Bridge, House, c.1880 Gable roof, 2 stories. Features: cornice brackets, kneewall window. Related garage. Features: historic garage Gable roof, 2 'A stories. Features: porch, kneewall window. Related garage. Features: historic garage doors. Features: corner pilasters, reveals, sidelights, entry entablature. 59 House, c.1875 Through truss. Features: date inscription. Vernacular-Italianate style, gable roof, 2!4 stories. 48 Bridge,.1890 Features: peaked lintelboards, Through truss. label lintels, porch, distinctive Features: marble. dormer, transom. 49 VerMarCo Mill a. Guardhouse, c.1900 Stone. b. Retaining Wall, c.1850 Features: marble. c. Pump House, c.1900 Stone. d. MUl, c.1900 Gable roof, 3 stories. Features: roof monitor. 50 House,.1870 Sidehall plan, l stories. 60 Mill, c.1920 Brick veneer, 3 stories. Features: roof monitor. Related shed, shed. 61 (Farm) a. House, c.1880 Gable roof, 2 stories. Features: Queen Anne porch, door hood. b. Barn, c.1880 Features: cupola. c. Carriage Barn, c.1890 d. Barn, c House,.1870 Gambrel roof. Sidehall plan, 1J4 stories. 62 House, c.1880 Features: Colonial Revival porch. Georgian plan. Related shed, shop. 52 House, c.1870 Sidehall plan, 1!4 stories. Features: entry entablature.

9 CENTER RUTLAND HISTORIC DISTRICT The historic resources of Center Rutland include several, handsome Federal style buildings, which recall the early years when Centreville was a developing milling and trade center, and a number of structures from the mid to late 1800s when a succession of marble companies operated marble-sawing mills here. RUTLAND TOWN 387 Thomas Page House (All, c.1825) East Proctor Road I ii (A16, c.1880); William Gookin House (Al7, c.1810) Gookin House (Al 7, c.1810)

10 388 RUTLAND TOWN A CENTER RUTLAND HISTORIC DISTRICT MAP (Numbers correspond to accompanying Register listing.) A15a Garage, c.1935 A16 House, c.1880 Vernacular-Queen Anne style, gable roof, 214 stories. Features: gable screen. Queen Anne porch. Al 7 House, c.1810 Federal style, Georgian plan. Features: entry fanlight, entry pilasters, sidelights, unusual window, keystones, hood moldings, Palladian window. CENTER RUTLAND A5a Garage, c.1930 A12 House, c.1860 HISTORIC DISTRICT A6 House, c.1885 Gable roof, 2 stories. Al House,.1855 Greek Revival style, sidehall A7 House, c.1885 plan, 114 stories. Gable roof, 2 stories. Features: entry entablature, Features: Queen Anne porch. full entablature, corner Queen Anne window. pilasters, sidelights, entry pilasters. A7a Garage, c.1955 Non-contributing due to age. Ala Garage, c.1920 Features: historic garage A8 House, c.1885 doors, rafter tails. Gable roof, 2 stories. Features: Queen Anne porch, A2 House,.1930 bay window. Vernacular-Bungalow style, Vernacular-Greek Revival gable roof, 1 'A stories. A9 House, c.1870 style, gable roof, IH stories. Features: Bungalow porch, Gable bay roof, VA stories. Features: corner pilasters, window, rafter tails. Features: marble. porch, transom, entry entablature. A3 House, c.1910 AlO House, c.1885 Non-contriburing due to Vernacular-Queen alterations. gable roof, 2 A stories. Gable roof, 2!4 stories. Anne A13 style, House, c.1880 Features: Queen Anne porch, Features: porch. A4 House, c.1900 bay window, shinglework. Vernacular-Queen Anne style, A14 House, c.1865 gable roof, 2!4 stories. AlOa Warehouse, c.1970 Gable roof, I'A stories. Features: Queen Anne porch. Non-contributing due to Features: age. Queen Anne window, entry pilasters, wall Queen Anne window. All House, c.1825 pilasters. A4a Carriage Barn, c.1900 Federal style. Half Georgian plan, brick. A14a Barn, c.1880 A5 House, c.1930 Features: parapet, arcading, Vernacular-Bungalow style, entry fan, keystones, side A1lights, enriched cornice, stone Gable roof, 1 'A stories. House, c.1880 wood shingle, hip roof, lyi stories. lintels. Features: bay window, entry Features: Bungalow porch, pediment. marble. A17a Garage, c.1900 A18 School, 1908 Colonial Revival style, hip roof, 1/4 stories. Features: entry pediment, granite, round arch window, enriched cornice, wall pilasters, entry fanlight, reveals, keystones, bank of windows. A19 Railroad Station, c.1900 Gable roof, 1J4 stories. Features: cornice brackets, rafter tails, bay window. A20 House, c.1875 Sidehall plan, 2 stories. Features: entry entablature, marble. A21 House, c.1875 Gable roof, 2!4 stories. Features: Queen Aime window. A22 Post Office, c.1880 Vernacular-Italianate style, gable roof, 1 'A stories. Features: falsefront, cornice brackets, origin<il storefront. A23 House,.1895 Vernacular-Queen Anne- Colonial Revival style, gable roof, 2J4 stories. Features: bay window. Colonial Revival porch, shinglework, distinctive lintelboards, marble. A23a Carriage Bam, c.1895 A24 Store, c story. Features: Queen Anne window, marble, original storefront, cornice brackets.

11 GLOSSARY dentils A band of toothlike Steeply blocks ornamenting a pitched dormer whose front House is form consisting of a a continuation of the main main block, generally with a Note; all terms arc defined A as secondary block of a wall. gable front, and flanking they arc used in this publication. They may have other at a right angle to that of the A building whose roof ridge runs matching meanings not included here. main block. barn that has its main floor The at triangular ground level, a hay loft above, wall area inside a gable and no basement, and often framed by along all A barn whose three sides. Also used to mean basement is built into the side cornice-framed elements, of a hill or earthen bank and J A either triangular or other whose first floor stable is at or shapes, found over doors or grade level. that is three bays wide windows. Decorative board, often scroll sawn or carved, ornamenting rooflines. Regular vertical divisions ground up to the main level of of the exterior of a building, a barn. Most commonly found usually defined by the door on and window openings. Having many or Rooftop structure, entablature Three-part all trim of the characteristics of a usually with windows on consisting all of an architrave, particular architectural style. sides. frieze, and and found under rooflines (full entablature) and over doors. sloping sides meeting at a Roof with four Exterior siding of flush, wide, vertical point or short ridgeline. planks with narrow wooden facade Face or wall of a strips (battens) covering the building, usually referring to joints. the front wall. or Used before a date fan A semi-circular or elliptical frame usually filled with to indicate that the date is approximate. radiating wooden louvers above a door or window or in the gable ends. fanlight A semi-circular or elliptical window, often with across the eaves side, with the door in the left or right bay. Flat representation of a A ramp, often enclosed, leading from the Blocks of stone or other materials found at the corners of buildings. Usually arranged in an alternating pattern of large and small blocks. Gable end window set at an angle between the rooflines of the main house block and its Roof with a single slope. radiating dividers or leaded glass patterns, above a door A or 2 or 2 story House form window or in the gable ends. house, five bays wide across with the a gable front and main eaves side, with a central door entry, (leading into a hallway) in flushboard siding and only one room deep. the left or right hand bay. A 1 story house, Horizontal boards laid flush to five bays wide across the eaves create smooth exterior walls. A gable sidelights Narrow vertical roof in which the gable peaks side, with a central entry, eaves windows, usually consisting of with little or no overhang, Foursquare and A 2 story tall are clipped off and inclined small panes or patterned originally built with a large house built in the early 1900s, backward. leaded glass, flanking a door. central chimnev. nearly square in plan, with a hip roof, full width front Wedge-shaped surround The frame and porch, and usually a central center stone in an arch. trim surrounding the sides and dormer. top of a door or window. The area between gable roof Pitched roof with the top of the first floor three-quarter plan house two sloping sides that meet windows at a and the eaves of Aa 1 or ridge (the gable being the VA triangular wall area formed by bays wide across the eaves side story building. or four the roof slopes). A horizontal stone, with a window on one side of brick, cast-iron, or wooden the door and two on the other. gambrel roof Roof with beam two that spans the top of a A story double-pitched sloping sides door or window opening. transom Row of glass panes house, five bays wide across meeting the at a ridge. located directly above a door eaves side, with a central entry, Roof with characterized by a four double-pitched sloping Tri-Gable EU Gable front and originally built with stove sides, the lower pitch being house with an almost the chimneys, usually symmetrically placed, on the steeper than the upper. ridgeline. same height as the main block. Built in late 1800s and early 1900s. Small scrolled A vertical support brackets under the overhanging section of a vernacular Having few of that consists of a base, shaft, and capital. In classical the elements or ornamental architecture there are five Multi-sided details characterizing a particular a architectural style. types: Doric, Tuscan, Ionic, window that projects from Corinthian, and Composite. wall and whose base does not reach the ground. Georgian plan A A farmhouse linked to its story house, five bays wide Three attached barns and outbuildings. room on each side of a central across the eaves side with part a window consisting of a round-headed window flanked entryway, and two rooms by deep. two shorter and narrower cornice Topmost part of an windows, each part usually Also a decorative being framed by or band found under rooflines.

12 STYLE GUIDE BUNGALOW ^1 The word bungalow comes from India where, in the late 19th century, the British used it to describe low, single-story houses with large verandas wellsuited to tropical environ panes. Churches from the 1850s to 1870s have the towers and pointed arch windows with diamond ments. American bungalows, "homey" early 20th century 1 or 1 ^ the story style, resi irregular in form or symmetrical Classic same features but often were built of stone. House dences, have broad gable, hip, or jerkinhead Cottages roofs, built in the 1850s and 1860s, have steeply often with dormer windows and deep overhanging pitched roofs and wall dormers edged with bargeboards, molded label lintels over windows and doo eaves, and deep, wide front porches. COLONIAL REVIVAL and porches with octagonal posts. The Colonial Revival style, popular from the GREEK REVIVAL late 1800s through the Inspired by the ancient 1930s (and still used, architecture of Greece, the today), was derived from 'J Greek Revival style was American architectural the most popular 19th century style in Vermont, in styles of the 18th century. Houses (traditional Georgian, sidehall, or other plans with gable, gambrel, or 1830s through the 1870s, widespread use from the hip roofs), commercial blocks, and public buildings and later in remote rural are decorated with features derived from the areas. earlier Residences (often sidehalls, Georgian plans styles but distinguishable by their larger scale Classic and Cottages), churches, courthouses, stores, a often unusual placement on the building. other Among buildings the are detailed with pilasters, full ent most typical details are Palladian windows, latures, porches and pediments. Most of the stylistic emph with classical columns, doorways topped by is often fanlights on the main entry a paneled door or pediments, and full entablatures under flanked the eaves. by sidelights and robust columns or pilaste and topped by a transom and three part entablatur FEDERAL The Federal style, with its ITALIANATE light and delicate detailing The Italianate style, inspired by the classical influenced by the architecture of Italian countryside architecture of ancient Rome, was the first major villas, became popular in J style in Vermont. It was Vermont after the Civil widely used from the late War and was used mainly 1700s through the 1830s to for houses, commerical trim churches and the symmetrical gable, hip, or blocks, and outbuildings. FRENCH SECOND EMPIRE Popular in Vermont during the 1870s and 1880s, the elegant French Second Empire style, used for residences, public buildings, and commercial blocks, is characterized by use of the Mansard roof. Other features, shared with the Italianate style, include eavesline brackets, paired windows, and sweeping verandas with chamfered posts and matching brackets. GOTHIC REVIVAL The Gothic Revival style was first used in Vermont from the 1820s to 1840s for churches, which were built in the common New England meetinghouse form but with pinnacles and cresting atop belfry gambrel roof Georgian plan, 1-house, or Houses Cape Cod are either cube-shaped, with shallow hip houses of the period. The main stylistic focus roofs is and on sometimes projecting pavilions or tower the entryway: a paneled door often flanked or by gable-roofed sidelights and thin columns or pilasters, and crowned include cornice by brackets under overhanging eaves Georgian or sidehall plans. Featu a semi-elliptical fan or fanlight, transom, rooftop or delicate cupolas or belvederes, windows that are of entablature. Other features include Palladian paired with arched tops, and porches with chamfe windows and molded cornices or entablatures posts that and scrolled brackets. are sometimes enriched with dentils or fretwork. QUEEN ANNE Gaudy, colorful, and irregular describe the Queen Anne style, popular in Vermont from about 1885 to 1905 for churches, public buildings, commercial blocks, and particularly for houses. It is identified by its asymmetrical building forms, richly textured wall surfaces, mul colored paint schemes, unpredictable window spacing, towers, bay windows, gable screens, and porches with turned columns and balusters.