Universal Energy Storage and Recovery System A Novel Approach for Hydraulic Hybrid
|
|
- Jacob Trevor Lang
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The 13th Scandinavian Internatinal Cnference n Fluid Pwer, SICFP2013, June 35, 2013, Linköping, Sweden Universal Energy Strage and Recvery System A Nvel Apprach fr Hydraulic Hybrid M Erkkilä, F Bauer*, D Feld* Hydac Oy, Tampere, Finland *Hydac Internatinal GmbH, Sulzbach/Saar, Germany mikk.erkkila@hydac.fi, frank.bauer@hydac.cm, daniel.feld@hydac.cm Abstract The paper presents the basic principles f hybrid systems. It gives a rugh apprximatin f factrs that can affect the efficiency f a hybrid system. A Shrt cmparisn between hydraulic, mechanic and electric energy string system is presented. In a mbile wrking machine, there are mainly three pssible surces fr energy strage r recvery which are: energy f the cmbustin engine, when it is wrking n part lad, braking energy f a vehicles kinetic energy and its hydraulic system. A nvel hydraulic system is intrduced that is capable t stre and recver energy frm all energy surces f mbile wrking machine. The pwer peaks during the wrking cycles f the machine can be cvered with energy stred in the hydraulic accumulatr and s the size f the cmbustin engine can be reduced and dimensined accrding t the average pwer. It als reduces the energy cnversin lsses. Simple and cst effective design makes it an attractive alternative fr many applicatins. Keywrds: Hydraulic hybrid 1 Intrductin In mbile wrking machines the lading f the cmbustin engine is ften nt cnstant during the wrking cycle. Maximum pwer is in many cases needed nly fr shrt perids. Nrmally the cmbustin engine must be dimensined accrding t the maximum peak pwer, which leads t versized engines cmpared t the average pwer during the wrking cycle and t lw efficiency, because the engine is running mst f the time n part lad. In the past it has nt been a prblem t increase the engine size, but the tightening f engine exhaust regulatins like Eur/TIER and increased fuel cst will frce the equipment manufacturer t search fr new slutins. During mvements kinetic energy is charged in the vehicle and it is nrmally extinguished and wasted in the brakes, causing wear and thermal lading. Mre sphisticated transmissins, like Cntinuusly Variable Transmissins (CVT) [1], hydrstatic, r electrical transmissins are able t transmit the braking energy back t the cmbustin engine. Unfrtunately the braking capacity f the new lw emissin diesel engines is limited. In sme applicatins, like in city busses r package delivery r garbage vehicles, in which the amunt f braking energy is sufficient; energy recuperatin systems have been tested and are in use. By lifting f a lad, ptential energy is accumulated in the wn mass f the lifting equipment. In a traditinal hydraulic system, when the equipment is lwered, this energy is lst in the return ntch f the cntrl valve. Balancing systems can be used t cmpensate the dead weight. There are als prpsals hw the returning energy culd be recvered. In mst f the studies nly ne f these three pssible energy string surces has been cnsidered and the energy recuperatin systems have been individually develped. 2 Hybrid systems In the past years a lt f effrt has been fcused t the develpment f hybrid drives. Car industry has already taken hybrid slutins in mass prductin, in rder t reduce fuel cnsumptin. In the branch f mbile wrking machines many studies and investigatins have been carried ut, regarding the pssibility t use hybrid technlgy. By side f energy saving ne interesting chance fr mbile wrking machines is the pssibility t reduce the engine size. Traditinally the engine has t be dimensined accrding t the peak pwer f the machine. In many mbile machines there is a big difference between required average and peak pwer. Figure 1 shw the s called Ywrking cycle fr a 45
2 wheel lader, fr filling a lrry C frm a pile B. And figure 2 the crrespndent pwer demand frm the engine during this cycle. Figure 1: Y wrking cycle f a wheel lader Figure 5: 5: Serial hybrid system Discharge accumulatr Pwer In serial hybrid the engine is decupled fr frm m the pwer cnsumers like pwertrain pwertrain r wrking hydraulics, which utilizes the pssibility t ptimize the engine cntrl and efficiency nly accrding t ptimal energy prductin. Charge accumulatr The disadvantage f a serial hybrid is that the cmplete pwer in the main pwer train has t be transfrmed first t electrical r hydraulic pwer and then back t mecha mechannical pwer. The main pwer line pwer lss is then: Zeit time Recuperable energy 1 Figure 2: Pwer demand during the Y wrking cycle [2] Frm figure 2 we can see that the amunt f recverable energy is mderate. The main benefit fr hybrid system in this kind f machines is t dimensining the engine accrding t the average pwer and cvers the peak pwer demand with the stred energy. ɳ 1 ɳ (1),where: Pl is pwer lss Pe is actual engine pwer Hybrid drives can rughly be divided int int tw categries: parallel and serial hybrids ɳ,and efficiencies. 2.1 Serial hybrid 2.2 Parallel hybrid In the serial hybrid hybrid the ttal engine pwer is transfrmed t electrical r hydraulic pwer, frm which the energy i s stred and reused. Figure 5 shws a typical hydraulic serial hybrid design. In parallel hybrid system the energy string device is arranged in parallel t the main pwer line line,, and it has n influence t the basic functin f it. Figure 6 shws the typical hydraulic parallel hybrid design. 46 ɳ are the pwer transfrm
3 The energy string capacity f hydraulic accumulatrs is limited,, but they are able t restre and discharge high pwer. Figure 6: : Energy and pwer densities ies f energy strage device [3] Figure 4: : Parallel hybrid system In parallel hybrid system the speed f the engine has t be cntrlled due t the requirements f the main pwer line. The parallel hybrid can nly increase r decrease the engine trque. If the accumulatr is nt charged r discharged, the m main pwer line efficiency is nly affected by the idle pwer lss f the energy strage device. The main pwer line pwer lss is then, where P l is pwer lss. is pwer lss f the energy string device, which nrmally depends n the pressures s in high and lw pressure accumulatrs and running speed f the engine. When the accumulatr is charged and discharged,, the pwer lss can be defined as: where: Q is the flw that is charged r discharger frm r t the accumulatr, and p ha p la, 1ɳ, (3) is the pressure in high pressure accumulatr and is the pressure in lw pressure accumulatr. (2) 3 Hydraulic accumulatr as energy strage 3.1 Characteristics f a hydraulic accumulatr cmpared with ther energy strage devices Figure 3 shws the energy and pwer densities fr different kind f energy string devices. Table 1 shws a cmparisn f the characters f electrical, mechanical and electrical pwer string devices Technlgy Electrical Mechanical Hydraulic Energy strage device Duble layer capacitr Lithium in battery Flywheel Energy density Pwer density Ageing / Capacity lss Temperature sensitivity Self discharge Packaging Cst effectiveness Safety / Service Table 1: Cmparisn f energy string devices In the past the main fcus f hybrid drives has been cncentrated t the develpment f electric hybrids due t the better efficiency f the electric cmpnents. nts. A study made by Liebherr [4] ] shws that due t the high number f required energy transfrmatins the ttal efficiency f electric hybrid systems can drp n the level f the hydraulic systems. See figure 7 7. System/Generatr Energy transfer: Vltage cnversin Energy transfer: mechanical t n the level f electrical t chemical eletrical energy strin device 98 % 96 % Hydraulic accumulatr 94 % 88 % 90 % 92 % Energy transfer: Vltage Energy transfer: electrical t cnversin n the chemical t electrical mechanical system level Figure 7: : Pwer lsses ses in electrical energy strage [4]] Energy strage 47
4 On the ther hand electric energy transfer can be dangerus in mbile machines which are wrking in rugh envirnment. Fr example 60 kw means 600 V and 100 A r 100 V and 600 A. Cable breaks r damaged cable islatins can cause far bigger prblems than hydraulic hse breaks. Hydraulic accumulatrs have been used several decades in mbile wrking machines. Security standards have been develped n a high level and security devices are well knwn and available. In mbile wrking machines the required pwer is typically changing extremely during the wrking cycles and thse are typically shrt. Due t the gd pwer density hydraulic accumulatrs are suitable t cmpensate rapid pwer peaks. In practice the accumulatr has t perate n wide temperature range, which limits the theretical pwer charging capacity. Hydac s ASP Accumulatr Simulatin Prgram is an excellent tl fr dimensining accumulatrs fr hybrid slutins. It is based t real gas characteristics an therm dynamical prcesses during lading and unlading. In praxis a 50 L accumulatr with perating pressure range maximum 330 bar and minimum 100 bar is able t stre abut 360 kj energy. Figure 9 shws that with 360 kj energy can be laded, when a vehicle with weight f 10 tn is braked frm a velcity f 36 km/h t 19 km/h. With this stred energy it is pssible t lift a lad f 3,6 tn in a height f 10 m. 3.2 The energy string capacity f a hydraulic accumulatr The Energy capacity f a hydraulic accumulatr fr an ideal gas can be defined as [5]:! " # $" & ' % $ () &/' *1. ' 0 (4), Where; E is the energy capacity f the accumulatr, V 0 is the vlume f the accumulatr, p min is the minimum pressure p max is the maximum pressure p 0 is the pre charge pressure f the accumulatr Figure 9: Practical energy capacity f a 50L accumulatr 4 Cnventinal hydraulic energy string systems In the fllwing sme knwn hydraulic hybrid systems are shwn. 4.1 Adding an accumulatr t a hydraulic system The easiest pssibility t stre energy is t add an accumulatr t the hydraulic system as shwn in figure 10. K is the adiabatic cnstant fr nitrgen. The figure 8 shws the energy capacity fr a 10 Liter accumulatr, with a maximum pressure f 350 bar as a functin f P min, when the pre charge pressure is 0.9 * P min. Figure 8: Theretical energy string capacity f a 10 L accumulatr 48
5 Wrking hydraulics 2 1 Figure 10: Simple energy string system This kind f system is used in a frestry machine applicatin by the cmpany HSM. Where energy is stred in the accumulatr and used t accelerate the feeding rlls in a harvester head [6] see figure 11. Accrding t HSM it was pssible t reduce 20% fuel cnsumptin with this system. Figure 12: Usable energy capacity in a simple system, marked as blue 4.2 Using an extra pump Figure 13 shws a hydraulic system, where an extra pump is used t charge and discharge the accumulatr. The pump is mechanically driven frm the engine and the transmissin. It is then able t stre braking energy and als energy frm the engine, when the engine is nt fully laded. Figure 11: Serial hybrid system [6] The main disadvantage fr the general use f this kind f system is that the energy frm the accumulatr can nly be used, when the pressure in the accumulatr is higher than the lad pressure, see figure 12. The prelading and the minimum perating pressure f the accumulatr can f curse be chsen s that the accumulatr pressure is always higher than the maximum lad pressure, but als then the accumulatr energy capacity is limited. Als the pressure difference between accumulatr and system pressure is lst. Figure 13: Additinal pump/mtr unit with accumulatr as energy string unit This kind f energy string system has been prpsed by the Purdue university research team fr the MultiActuatr Hydraulic Hybrid Machine Systems [6] see figure
6 Valve blck p u LS A EL Engine Trans missin B p u Figure 15: : A new apprach fr hydraulic hybrid Figure 13: Additinal pump/mtr unit with accumulatr as energy string unit in MultiActuatr Hydraulic Hybrid Machine System [7] The main disadvantage f this system is that the energy frm accumulatr has t be first cnverted t mechanically energy, and then with the wrking hydraulic pump back t hydraulic energy. Due t the required energy cnversins the energy lsses are high and the verall efficiency is pr. 5 A Nvel Apprach fr Hydraulic Hybrid 5.1 System design In the new prpsed system (see figure 15) 1 a pump/mtr unit that can be pressurized n bth sides A and B is added t feed a hydraulic accumulatr frm the wrking hydraulic system. This kind f unit is nrmally used as pump in a clsed lp pwer transmissin system The pump/mtr unit can be driven as shwn n the picture, direct r via thrugh drive frm the main engine r frm gearbx that is cnnected t drive wheels. 5.2 Functin principle The hydraulic system can be designed as a nrmal Lad Sensing system, where nly a pump/mtr unit and an accumulatr are added. The functin f the pump/mtr unit is t cntrl the flw fr charging the accumulatr and cntrlling the flw frm the accumulatr t wrking hydraulics. It als wrks as pressure transfrmer between the accumulatr and system pressure. In the system there are als 2/2valves n the bth sides s f the pump/mtr r unit. With thse valves it is pssible discnnect the energy string system frm the wrking hydraulic system t avid pwer lses, when the energy string system is nt activated during the peratin f the machine. S the high pressure in accumulatr r in wrking hydraulics is nt increasing the hydrmechanical r vlumetric lses f the pump/mtr unit. The valves are wrking g als as safety devices, when the A side valve is pened nly accumulatr lading is pssible. When B side valve is pened the accumulatr can be discharged. 5.3 Energy string The pen lp Lad Sensing pump keeps the A side f the pump/mtr unit pressurized. When there is n flw cnsumptin fr the wrking hydraulics the Lad Sensing pump is n Stand By pressure, nrmally n the level f abut 20 bar. This is enugh t assure the needed suctin pressure and flw fr the pump/mtr unit. If there is a parallel need fr wrking hydraulics the Lad Sensing pump pressure is cntrlled accrding t the needed lad pressure. In this case the pump/mtr unit wrks as a pressure transfrmer between the Lad Sensing pump and accumulatr pressure. The pump/mtr unit can use the rest f the available flw capacity f the main pump t charge the accumulatr. 50
7 The amunt f the stred energy is cntrlled with the displacement cntrl f the pump/mtr unit Energy string frm the engine When during the wrking cycles f the machine, there are perids, when the engine pwer is nt fully used, the remaining energy can be stred t the accumulatr. Figure 16 shws the usability f the stred energy f a 50 liter accumulatr, with a ttal energy strage capacity f 350 kj. The amunt f stred pwer can be cntrlled with the displacement cntrl f the pump/mtr unit Braking energy Mdern driveline designs, like hydrstatic transmissins, r CVT are able t transmit the braking energy frm the drive wheels back t the diesel engine. The braking capacity f mdern diesel engines is limited, and the braking energy cannt be stred. With the prpsed system the braking energy frm the driveline can be stred t the accumulatr. The braking frce and pwer can be cntrlled by the displacement cntrl f the pump/mtr unit. One big advantage f the braking energy string system is that the wear and the heating f the vehicle brakes can be reduced Energy string frm the hydraulic system If the hydraulic system is capable t return pressurized flw frm the wrking hydraulic system, the returning il flw frm the main valve blck can be restred t the accumulatr. 5.4 Reuse f stred energy Stred energy can be used fr the wrking hydraulics. The pressure level f the hydraulic system is cntrller with the Lad Sensing pressure. With the displacement cntrl f the pump/mtr unit the amunt f il that is taken frm the accumulatr r frm the LSpump can be cntrlled. The flw frm the accumulatr is used via the pump/mtr unit t the main hydraulic system. The mtr/pump unit transfrms the pressure between system and accumulatr pressure. When the pressure in the system is higher, than that in the accumulatr the clsed lp unit wrks as pump and takes the needed extra pwer frm the engine. When the system pressure is lwer, than the ne in the accumulatr the clsed lp unit wrks as mtr and releases energy t the engine, driveline r auxiliary devices. The whle accumulatr capacity can then be utilized. Figure 16: Energy usability in the prpsed hydraulic hybrid system If the LSpump is a unit that can wrk as a mtr (mring unit) the stred energy can be used fr bsting the drive line r fr auxiliary units. 5.5 Pwer lsses and efficiency The pwer lsses f the prpsed system can be defined as fllws:,, (5) where: P l is pwer lss P idle(p,n) is cnstant pwer lss, depending f the pressure and rtatin speed. Q is flw t (r frm) the accumulatr, p s is system pressure and p a is accumulatr pressure. The main pwer lss:, depends nly n the flw, which is stred r taken ut f the accumulatr and the pressure difference between accumulatr and system pressure. This ffers a remarkable advantage cmpared with traditinal serial r parallel hybrid systems. 5.6 Benefits The size f the engine can be reduced, because it nly needs t deliver the average pwer, nt the max peak pwer during the wrking cycle. 51
8 The hydraulic system can be designed as a nrmal Lad Sensing system, where the main pump pressure is cntrlled by the LS pressure. The flw frm the accumulatr is used via the pump/mtr unit t the hydraulic system. The LS pump size can then be chsen smaller r the wrking speed f the machine can be increased. The mtr/pump unit cntrls the flw rate that is stred r taken ut frm the accumulatr. The main advantages f the system are listed as fllws: Simple system design Universally usable fr restring energy N pressure lsses, as in a valve cntrlled system Min. energy transfrmatin lses Flw frm the accumulatr can be directly used fr the wrking hydraulics: Smaller main pump can be used Reduced tank flw: smaller tank can be used The accumulatr energy string capacity can be used n a wide pressure variatin range and the full energy strage capacity f the accumulatr can be used. mbilen Arbeitsmaschinen" 07./08. Juni 2011 in Friedrichshafen [4] Behm, D., Hlländer, C., Landman, T., Hybrid Antriebe bei Raubenbaggern Knzepte und Lösungen, Hybridantriebe für Arbeitsmaschinen, Karlsruher Schriftenreihe Fahrzeugsystemtechnik, 7:117124, [5] Sahlman, M., Valve cntrlled multichamber cylinder, Master s theses Tampere University f Technlgy,2012 [6] Prinz zu Hhenlhe, F., Phlegmatisierung als Tugend in der Mbilhydraulik Das Energiespeichersystem des Kranvllernters HSM 405H2, Hybridantriebe für mbile Arbeitsmaschinen, Karlsruher Schriftenreiche Fahrzeugsystemtechnik, 7:151163, 2011 [7] _1A.2_MultiActuatr_Hybrid.pdf Dwnladed Outlk and cnclusins Hydraulic hybrid is a gd alternative t imprve ttal efficiency and t reduce the size f the engine in a mbile wrking machine. In the design f hybrid systems, it is imprtant t reduce energy transfrming lsses t the minimum. The prpsed new hydraulic hybrid system can fulfill all requirements regarding energy string frm different restrable surces. It is als capable t use the full accumulatr capacity. And can minimize energy transfrmatin lses. The nvel system design has nly been shwn n a principle level. Fr real system sme kind f pwer management system is needed t cntrl the charging and the discharging functins. References [1] Erkkilä M, MdelBased Design f PwerSplit Drivelines, Dissertatin, September 2009 Tampere Finland [2] Bauer, F., Feld, D. Warum hydraulische Hybridsysteme? Het Hydrauliek Sympsium, Delft, 87104, 2010 [3] Thiebes, P., Geimer, M., Energy strage devices fr industrial vehicles with hybrid drive trainsquelle: 1. VDI Fachknferenz: "Getriebe in 52
manual Page 1 / 5 effects in an easy good LED strips can be Selection guide applications. 1) Selection (indoors, outdoors) desired number of LEDs
Technical instructin Intrductin LED strips are a new generatin f innvative lighting prducts that allw creating spectacular effects in an easy way. LED strips have ther advantages like small dimensins,
More informationComparisons between CRM and CCM PFC *
Energy and Pwer Engineering, 13, 5, 864-868 di:1.436/epe.13.54b165 Published Online July 13 (http://www.scirp.rg/jurnal/epe Cmparisns between CRM and CCM PFC * Weiping Zhang,Wei Zhang,Jianb Yang 1,Faris
More informationLicensing Windows Server 2012 for use with virtualization technologies
Vlume Licensing brief Licensing Windws Server 2012 fr use with virtualizatin technlgies (VMware ESX/ESXi, Micrsft System Center 2012 Virtual Machine Manager, and Parallels Virtuzz) Table f Cntents This
More informationDisk Redundancy (RAID)
A Primer fr Business Dvana s Primers fr Business series are a set f shrt papers r guides intended fr business decisin makers, wh feel they are being bmbarded with terms and want t understand a cmplex tpic.
More informationWHITE PAPER. Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is Not Just for A Items
WHITE PAPER Vendr Managed Inventry (VMI) is Nt Just fr A Items Why it s Critical fr Plumbing Manufacturers t als Manage Whlesalers B & C Items Executive Summary Prven Results fr VMI-managed SKUs*: Stck-uts
More information1.3. The Mean Temperature Difference
1.3. The Mean Temperature Difference 1.3.1. The Lgarithmic Mean Temperature Difference 1. Basic Assumptins. In the previus sectin, we bserved that the design equatin culd be slved much easier if we culd
More informationLicensing Windows Server 2012 R2 for use with virtualization technologies
Vlume Licensing brief Licensing Windws Server 2012 R2 fr use with virtualizatin technlgies (VMware ESX/ESXi, Micrsft System Center 2012 R2 Virtual Machine Manager, and Parallels Virtuzz) Table f Cntents
More informationUnderstand Business Continuity
Understand Business Cntinuity Lessn Overview In this lessn, yu will learn abut: Business cntinuity Data redundancy Data availability Disaster recvery Anticipatry Set What methds can be emplyed by a system
More informationOtomasyon, Danışmanlık Ltd. Şti. INDILOAD DATACARD M AN UAL. Antetli03.doc / Page 9 of 1. Kibele Hedef mükemmele ulasmaksa.
Otmasyn, Danışmanlık Ltd. Şti. INDILOAD DATACARD M AN UAL Antetli03.dc / Page 9 f 1 Otmasyn, Danışmanlık Ltd. Şti. Chapter 1 : General Chapter 2 : Cnnectins Chapter 3 : Operatin Chapter 4 : Technical sheet
More informationBusiness Intelligence represents a fundamental shift in the purpose, objective and use of information
Overview f BI and rle f DW in BI Business Intelligence & Why is it ppular? Business Intelligence Steps Business Intelligence Cycle Example Scenaris State f Business Intelligence Business Intelligence Tls
More informationPOLISH STANDARDS ON HEALTH AND SAFETY AS A TOOL FOR IMPLEMENTING REQUIREMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES INTO THE PRACTICE OF ENTERPRISES
POLISH STANDARDS ON HEALTH AND SAFETY AS A TOOL FOR IMPLEMENTING REQUIREMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES INTO THE PRACTICE OF ENTERPRISES M. PĘCIŁŁO Central Institute fr Labur Prtectin ul. Czerniakwska
More informationWSI White Paper. Prepared by: Feras Alhlou Web Analytics Expert, WSI
Optimize Yur Marketing Dllars During The Recessin WSI White Paper Prepared by: Feras Alhlu Web Analytics Expert, WSI Intrductin We have heard it many times, an ld management and marketing saying: Yu Can
More informationMotor Calculations. Calculating Mechanical Power Requirements Torque - Speed Curves Numerical Calculation Sample Calculation Thermal Calculations
Mtr Calculatins Calculating Mechanical Pwer Requirements Trque - Speed Curves Numerical Calculatin Sample Calculatin Thermal Calculatins Calculating Mechanical Pwer Requirements Physically, pwer is defined
More informationHow to Reduce Project Lead Times Through Improved Scheduling
Hw t Reduce Prject Lead Times Thrugh Imprved Scheduling PROBABILISTIC SCHEDULING & BUFFER MANAGEMENT Cnventinal Prject Scheduling ften results in plans that cannt be executed and t many surprises. In many
More informationIntegrate Marketing Automation, Lead Management and CRM
Clsing the Lp: Integrate Marketing Autmatin, Lead Management and CRM Circular thinking fr marketers 1 (866) 372-9431 www.clickpintsftware.cm Clsing the Lp: Integrate Marketing Autmatin, Lead Management
More informationIn addition to assisting with the disaster planning process, it is hoped this document will also::
First Step f a Disaster Recver Analysis: Knwing What Yu Have and Hw t Get t it Ntes abut using this dcument: This free tl is ffered as a guide and starting pint. It is des nt cver all pssible business
More informationThis report provides Members with an update on of the financial performance of the Corporation s managed IS service contract with Agilisys Ltd.
Cmmittee: Date(s): Infrmatin Systems Sub Cmmittee 11 th March 2015 Subject: Agilisys Managed Service Financial Reprt Reprt f: Chamberlain Summary Public Fr Infrmatin This reprt prvides Members with an
More informationCSE 231 Fall 2015 Computer Project #4
CSE 231 Fall 2015 Cmputer Prject #4 Assignment Overview This assignment fcuses n the design, implementatin and testing f a Pythn prgram that uses character strings fr data decmpressin. It is wrth 45 pints
More information2008 BA Insurance Systems Pty Ltd
2008 BA Insurance Systems Pty Ltd BAIS have been delivering insurance systems since 1993. Over the last 15 years, technlgy has mved at breakneck speed. BAIS has flurished in this here tday, gne tmrrw sftware
More informationController Failover for SDN Enterprise Networks
Cntrller Failver fr SDN Enterprise Netwrks Vasily Pashkv, Alexander Shalimv, Ruslan Smeliansky Lmnsv Mscw State University, Applied Research Center fr Cmputer Netwrks Mscw, Russia pashkv@lvk.cs.msu.su,
More informationCommissioning the Data Center The Integrated Systems Test
Cmmissining the Data Center The Integrated Systems Test Michael Rsenberg Senir Engineer Glenmunt Glbal Slutins Optinal: Insert Cmpany Lg Curse Descriptin Overview f the Integrated Systems Test (IST) Testing
More informationImportance and Contribution of Software Engineering to the Education of Informatics Professionals
Imprtance and Cntributin f Sftware Engineering t the Educatin f Infrmatics Prfessinals Dr. Tick, József Budapest Plytechnic, Hungary, tick@bmf.hu Abstract: As a result f the Blgna prcess a new frm f higher
More informationBusiness Plan Overview
Business Plan Overview Organizatin and Cntent Summary A business plan is a descriptin f yur business, including yur prduct yur market, yur peple and yur financing needs. Yu shuld cnsider that a well prepared
More informationWireless Light-Level Monitoring
Wireless Light-Level Mnitring ILT1000 ILT1000 Applicatin Nte Wireless Light-Level Mnitring 1 Wireless Light-Level Mnitring ILT1000 The affrdability, accessibility, and ease f use f wireless technlgy cmbined
More informationThe Cost Benefits of the Cloud are More About Real Estate Than IT
y The Cst Benefits f the Clud are Mre Abut Real Estate Than IT #$#%&'()*( An Osterman Research Executive Brief Published December 2010 "#$#%&'()*( Osterman Research, Inc. P.O. Bx 1058 Black Diamnd, Washingtn
More informationChapter 7 Business Continuity and Risk Management
Chapter 7 Business Cntinuity and Risk Management Sectin 01 Business Cntinuity Management 070101 Initiating the Business Cntinuity Plan (BCP) Purpse: T establish the apprpriate level f business cntinuity
More informationWhite Paper for Mobile Workforce Management and Monitoring Copyright 2014 by Patrol-IT Inc. www.patrol-it.com
White Paper fr Mbile Wrkfrce Management and Mnitring Cpyright 2014 by Patrl-IT Inc. www.patrl-it.cm White Paper fr Mbile Wrkfrce Management and Mnitring Cpyright 2014 by Patrl-IT Inc. www.patrl-it.cm 2
More informationInformation Guide Booklet. Home Loans
Infrmatin Guide Bklet Hme Lans This Infrmatin Guide bklet prvides yu with general infrmatin nly. It will als help yu t better understand any recmmendatins we have made fr yu. Infrmatin Guide Hme Lans January
More informationChange Management Process
Change Management Prcess B1.10 Change Management Prcess 1. Intrductin This plicy utlines [Yur Cmpany] s apprach t managing change within the rganisatin. All changes in strategy, activities and prcesses
More informationCOUNTRY REPORT: Sweden
COUNTRY REPORT: Sweden Prepared by: SP Technical Research Institute f Sweden Versin 2.0 Date: April 19, 2011 Address: Bx 857, SE-501 15 Brås, Sweden Tel. : +46 10 516 56 62 Fax : +46 33 13 19 79 E-mail:
More informationFundingEdge. Guide to Business Cash Advance & Bank Statement Loan Programs
Guide t Business Cash Advance & Bank Statement Lan Prgrams Cash Advances: $2,500 - $1,000,000 Business Bank Statement Lans: $5,000 - $500,000 Canada Cash Advances: $5,000 - $500,000 (must have 9 mnths
More informationTYPICAL STERILIZATION PROCESS IN AUTOCLAVE FOR POLYPROPYLENE BAGS AND/OR POLYPROPYLEN BOTTLES
Art. n. 14 f ministerial decree n. 593 f 8 august 2000 Minister dell Istruzine Cmplete filling lines and autmatic inspectin machine fr pharmaceutical and csmetic industries TYPICAL STERILIZATION PROCESS
More informationData Abstraction Best Practices with Cisco Data Virtualization
White Paper Data Abstractin Best Practices with Cisc Data Virtualizatin Executive Summary Enterprises are seeking ways t imprve their verall prfitability, cut csts, and reduce risk by prviding better access
More informationA True TIER 4 Data Centre Building
A True TIER 4 Data Centre Building TECHNICAL OVERVIEW PT FAASRI UTAMA SAKTI www.faasri- net.c.id Data Centre Lcatin : Jl. Padjadjaran - 17 Bgr 16143 West Java Indnesia Faari Data Centre, we named it SANGGAR
More informationPresident Obama and Secretary Geithner Announce Plans to Unlock Credit for Small Businesses
THE WHITE HOUSE Office f the Press Secretary FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE March 16, 2009 President Obama and Secretary Geithner Annunce Plans t Unlck Credit fr Small Businesses Emphasizes Recvery Effrts Already
More informationASSISTANCE TO ENERGY SECTOR TO STRENGTHEN ENERGY SECURITY AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION CONTRACT NUMBER EPP-I-08-03-00008-00
Methdlgy fr Evaluating the Ecnmics, Financial Viability, and Envirnmental Cnsequences f Prpsed Gergian Intercnnectin and Transmissin Line Optins ASSISTANCE TO ENERGY SECTOR TO STRENGTHEN ENERGY SECURITY
More informationTo transform information into knowledge- a firm must expend additional resources to discover, patterns, rules, and context where the knowledge works
Chapter 15- Managing Knwledge Knwledge Management Landscape Knwledge management systems- supprt the creatin, capture, strage, and disseminatin f firm expertise and knwledge, have becme ne f the fastest-grwing
More informationSAEMA Document No. SDN. 14001
SAEMA Dcument N. SDN. 14001 Issue Date: 6 th Nvember 2012 Guidance dcument n facade access mechanical/ electrical breakdwn, rescue and rescue planning. Specialist Access Engineering and Maintenance Assciatin
More informationTime is Money Profiting from Reduced Cycle Time
Time is Mney Prfiting frm Reduced Cycle Time Yur retail custmers are demanding smaller, mre frequent shipments, which increases yur cst-t-serve them. While this makes their inventry mre predictable and
More informationFixed vs. Variable Interest Rates
Fixed vs. Variable Interest Rates Understanding the Advantages and Disadvantages f Each Rate Type When shpping fr financial prducts, there are a lt f factrs t cnsider. Much has changed in the financial
More informationImproved Data Center Power Consumption and Streamlining Management in Windows Server 2008 R2 with SP1
Imprved Data Center Pwer Cnsumptin and Streamlining Management in Windws Server 2008 R2 with SP1 Disclaimer The infrmatin cntained in this dcument represents the current view f Micrsft Crpratin n the issues
More informationThe Importance of Market Research
The Imprtance f Market Research 1. What is market research? Successful businesses have extensive knwledge f their custmers and their cmpetitrs. Market research is the prcess f gathering infrmatin which
More informationNAVIPLAN PREMIUM LEARNING GUIDE. Analyze, compare, and present insurance scenarios
NAVIPLAN PREMIUM LEARNING GUIDE Analyze, cmpare, and present insurance scenaris Cntents Analyze, cmpare, and present insurance scenaris 1 Learning bjectives 1 NaviPlan planning stages 1 Client case 2 Analyze
More informationThe Cost of Not Nurturing Leads
The Cst f Nt Nurturing Leads The Cst f Nt Nurturing Leads The legacy yu are stuck in and the steps essential t change it Lisa Cramer President LeadLife Slutins, Inc. lcramer@leadlife.cm 770-670-6702 2009
More informationA Walk on the Human Performance Side Part I
A Walk n the Human Perfrmance Side Part I Perfrmance Architects have a license t snp. We are in the business f supprting ur client rganizatins in their quest fr results that meet r exceed gals. We accmplish
More informationCalibration of Oxygen Bomb Calorimeters
Calibratin f Oxygen Bmb Calrimeters Bulletin N.101 Prcedures fr standardizatin f Parr xygen bmb calrimeters. Energy Equivalent The calibratin f an xygen bmb calrimeter has traditinally been called the
More informationGoogle Adwords Pay Per Click Checklist
Ggle Adwrds Pay Per Click Checklist This checklist summarizes all the different things that need t be setup t prperly ptimize Ggle Adwrds t get the best results. This includes items that are required fr
More informationWatlington and Chalgrove GP Practice - Patient Satisfaction Survey 2011
Watlingtn and Chalgrve GP - Patient Satisfactin Survey 2011 Backgrund During ne week in Nvember last year patients attending either the Chalgrve r the Watlingtn surgeries were asked t cmplete a survey
More informationHOW TO SELECT A LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY
HOW TO SELECT A LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY There will prbably be hundreds f life insurance cmpanies t chse frm when yu decide t purchase a life insurance plicy. Hw d yu decide which ne? Mst cmpanies are quite
More informationExecutive Summary DIABETES MELLITUS AND GLUCOSE CONTROL BIOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATION IN DIABETES: INSULIN ANALOGS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Executive Summary DIABETES MELLITUS AND GLUCOSE CONTROL Diabetes is widely acknwledged as an immense and grwing public health prblem. The disease is assciated with increased risk f death, decreased quality
More informationEffect of inclined heat transfer rate on thermosyphon heat pipe under sound wave
As. J. Energy Env. 2009, 10(04), 214-220 Asian Jurnal n Energy and Envirnment ISSN 1513-4121 Available nline at www.asian-energy-jurnal.inf Research Article Effect f inclined heat transfer rate n thermsyphn
More informationBasics of Supply Chain Management
The Champlain Valley APICS Chapter is a premier prfessinal assciatin fr supply chain and peratins management and wrking tgether with the APICS rganizatin the leading prvider f research, educatin and certificatin
More informationVolume 2, Issue 11, November 2014 International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies
Vlume 2, Issue 11, Nvember 2014 Internatinal Jurnal f Advance Research in Cmputer Science and Management Studies Research Article / Survey Paper / Case Study Available nline at: www.ijarcsms.cm ISSN: 2321
More informationArmy DCIPS Employee Self-Report of Accomplishments Overview Revised July 2012
Army DCIPS Emplyee Self-Reprt f Accmplishments Overview Revised July 2012 Table f Cntents Self-Reprt f Accmplishments Overview... 3 Understanding the Emplyee Self-Reprt f Accmplishments... 3 Thinking Abut
More informationAppendix H. Annual Risk Assessment and Audit Plan 2013/14
Annual Risk Assessment and Audit Plan 2013/14 Internal Audit Department September 25, 2013 Table f Cntents Intrductin.. 3 Risk Assessment Prcess... 4 Page 2 Intrductin Each year, the Internal Audit Department
More informationBasic Guide line for The Sportident system
Basic Guide line fr The Sprtident system SI-statins BSF7-8, Master statins BSM7, SI-Cnfig versin 1.4.1, 2006-10-24-1 - Index This guide line... 3 General... 3 Knwledge... 3 Mre infrmatin... 3 System requirements...
More informationWhenever practicable, the cap should be discussed and specifically agreed with the other party. This is discussed further below, see Agreeing a cap.
Liability Briefing updated Octber 2008 Managing liability thrugh financial caps 26 Stre Street Lndn WC1E 7BT Tel: 020 7399 7400 Fax: 020 399 7425 Every well-run business must manage the risks that it faces
More informationQAD Operations BI Metrics Demonstration Guide. May 2015 BI 3.11
QAD Operatins BI Metrics Demnstratin Guide May 2015 BI 3.11 Overview This demnstratin fcuses n ne aspect f QAD Operatins Business Intelligence Metrics and shws hw this functinality supprts the visin f
More informationDefining Sales Campaign Automation How e-mail, the Killer App, is best applied to marketing
Defining Sales Campaign Autmatin Hw e-mail, the Killer App, is best applied t marketing Summary: Cmpanies tday are steadily adpting strategies and technlgies t reach prspects, custmers, and partners thrugh
More informationReady to upgrade the Turbo on your Diesel?
Ready t upgrade the Turb n yur Diesel? Tday s diesel engines represent the state f the art in technlgy with high pwer density, excellent drivability, and gd fuel ecnmy. Frtunately fr the diesel enthusiast,
More informationefusion Table of Contents
efusin Cst Centers, Partner Funding, VAT/GST and ERP Link Table f Cntents Cst Centers... 2 Admin Setup... 2 Cst Center Step in Create Prgram... 2 Allcatin Types... 3 Assciate Payments with Cst Centers...
More informationSystem Business Continuity Classification
Business Cntinuity Prcedures Business Impact Analysis (BIA) System Recvery Prcedures (SRP) System Business Cntinuity Classificatin Cre Infrastructure Criticality Levels Critical High Medium Lw Required
More informationA Model for Automatic Preventive Maintenance Scheduling and Application Database Software
Prceedings f the 2010 Internatinal Cnference n Industrial Engineering and Operatins Management Dhaka, Bangladesh, January 9 10, 2010 A Mdel fr Autmatic Preventive Maintenance Scheduling and Applicatin
More information6101 - DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION 14-BANKING AND FINANCIAL DIVISION
Prgram Budget Cmparisn The fllwing table summarizes the ttal executive budget fr the prgram by year, type f expenditure, and surce f funding. Prgram Budget Cmparisn Budget Item Base Fiscal 2012 Apprp.
More informationFiscal Operation of Service Centers
Oregn University System Fiscal Plicy Manual Fiscal Operatin f Service Centers Sectin: Accunting and Financial Reprting Number: 05.713 Title: Fiscal Operatin f Service Centers Index POLICY.100 POLICY STATEMENT.110
More informationMarketing Consultancy Division (MCD) Export Consultancy Unit (ECU) Export in Focus. Export Market Expansion Strategies. Rabi-I, 1427 (April, 2006)
Marketing Cnsultancy Divisin (MCD) Exprt Cnsultancy Unit (ECU) Exprt in Fcus Exprt Market Expansin Strategies Rabi-I, 1427 (April, 2006) 1 Exprt Market Expansin Strategies Intrductin It is clear that glbalizatin
More informationHS2/Bx. Operating Instructions
Operating Instructins Page 1/6 HS2/Bx Bster fr 1/2/4 Valves Operating Instructins Fast Switching f 1..4 Magnet Valves Simple Supply with 24 VDC Munts n 35 mm DIN Rail Lw Cst Device Cnnectins n Spring Frce
More informationHow To Write A Byod
Limitatins f the Walled Garden This is the secnd part in a series designed t help rganizatins develp their BYOD (bring-yur-wn-device) strategies fr persnally-wned smartphnes and tablets in the enterprise.
More informationEnergy Agreements Programme. HVAC Special Working Group. Report The Use of Energy Performance Indicators (EPIs) in HVAC Systems
Energy Agreements Prgramme HVAC Special Wrking Grup Reprt The Use f Energy Perfrmance Indicatrs (EPIs) in HVAC Systems Prepared by - Dnall O Brien Industrial Utilities Ltd. Date: March 2010 2 EXECUTIVE
More informationHearing Loss Regulations Vendor information pack
Hearing Lss Regulatins Vendr infrmatin pack Nvember 2010 Implementing the Accident Cmpensatin (Apprtining Entitlements fr Hearing Lss) Regulatins 2010 The Minister fr ACC, the Hn. Dr Nick Smith, has annunced
More informationAML Internet Manor Court, Manor Farm House, London Road, Derby, Derbyshire, DE72 2GR. Tel: 01332 650 009 Fax: 01332 650 850 Email:
AML Internet Manr Curt, Manr Farm Huse, Lndn Rad, Derby, Derbyshire, DE72 2GR. Tel: 01332 650 009 Fax: 01332 650 850 Email: Backup@AmlInternet.c.uk Cntents Page Situatin Analysis 3 AML Internet - The Slutin
More informationSQL Perform Tools 5.10 Release Note
SQL Perfrm Tls 5.10 Release Nte Lndn, UK, February 26 2015 SQL Perfrm Tls versin 5.10 release Tday we are prudly annuncing the latest release f ur prducts' family SQL Perfrm Tls. Fr clarity, the prduct
More informationHow do I evaluate the quality of my wireless connection?
Hw d I evaluate the quality f my wireless cnnectin? Enterprise Cmputing & Service Management A number f factrs can affect the quality f wireless cnnectins at UCB. These include signal strength, pssible
More informationService Level Agreement (SLA) Hosted Products. Netop Business Solutions A/S
Service Level Agreement (SLA) Hsted Prducts Netp Business Slutins A/S Cntents 1 Service Level Agreement... 3 2 Supprt Services... 3 3 Incident Management... 3 3.1 Requesting service r submitting incidents...
More informationDeterministic Inventory Models
Tpic 7 eterministic Inventry Mdels LEARNING OUTOMES By te end f tis tpic, yu suld be able t: 1. Explain te imprtance f inventry cntrl;. mpute te EO and EP t determine w muc t rder r prduce; 3. mpute te
More informationVacuum Pumps Common Problems and Troubleshooting
Vacuum Pumps Cmmn Prblems and Trubleshting Vacuum pumps and systems are ne f the widely used equipment in prcess plants. It is very imprtant t crrectly size and select the vacuum pump as it is t lay dwn
More informationOnline Network Administration Degree Programs
Online Schls, Degrees & Prgrams Blg Abut Archives Cntact Online Netwrk Administratin Degree Prgrams A Netwrk Administratr is smene respnsible fr the maintenance and perfrmance f cmputer hardware and sftware
More informationMobile Workforce. Improving Productivity, Improving Profitability
Mbile Wrkfrce Imprving Prductivity, Imprving Prfitability White Paper The Business Challenge Between increasing peratinal cst, staff turnver, budget cnstraints and pressure t deliver prducts and services
More informationWHITEPAPER Reference Architectures for Portal-based Rich Internet Applications
Authr: Sven Rieger Created n: 2015-04-10 Versin: 1.0 Rich Internet (RIAs) are HTML5-based applicatins with a desktp-like lk&feel which run inside a web brwser. The Micrsft Office applicatins Wrd, Excel,
More informationSecurity in Business and Applications. Madison Hajeb Stefan Hurst Benjamin Von Slade
Security in Business and Applicatins Madisn Hajeb Stefan Hurst Benjamin Vn Slade Intrductin Prject Cncept - Implement security in a small business setting Original Plan - D sme security audits fr small
More informationSoftware and Hardware Change Management Policy for CDes Computer Labs
Sftware and Hardware Change Management Plicy fr CDes Cmputer Labs Overview The cmputer labs in the Cllege f Design are clsely integrated with the academic needs f faculty and students. Cmputer lab resurces
More informationImplementing ifolder Server in the DMZ with ifolder Data inside the Firewall
Implementing iflder Server in the DMZ with iflder Data inside the Firewall Nvell Cl Slutins AppNte www.nvell.cm/clslutins JULY 2004 OBJECTIVES The bjectives f this dcumentatin are as fllws: T cnfigure
More informationFlash Padlock. Self-Secured and Host-Independent USB Flash Drive White Paper. April 2007 Prepared by ClevX, LLC for Corsair Memory
Flash Padlck - White Paper Flash Padlck Self-Secured and Hst-Independent USB Flash Drive White Paper April 2007 Prepared by ClevX, LLC fr Crsair Memry 1 INTRODUCTION Millins f USB Flash Drives (UFDs) are
More informationSegment-oriented Recovery
Advanced Tpics in Operating Systems, CS262a Prf. Eric A. Brewer (with help frm Rusty Sears) Segment-riented Recvery ARIES wrks great but is 20+ years ld and has sme prblems: viewed as very cmplex n available
More informationURM 11g Implementation Tips, Tricks & Gotchas ALAN MACKENTHUN FISHBOWL SOLUTIONS, INC.
URM 11g Implementatin Tips, Tricks & Gtchas ALAN MACKENTHUN FISHBOWL SOLUTIONS, INC. i Fishbwl Slutins Ntice The infrmatin cntained in this dcument represents the current view f Fishbwl Slutins, Inc. n
More informationThinking Different About Alternative Financing Options
Thinking Different Abut Alternative Financing Optins Christpher Mills Senir Business Develpment Officer Federal Natinal Cmmercial Credit This whitepaper will make yu think differently abut alternative
More information1 Google Apps for Education Henrico County, Virginia
1 Ggle Apps fr Educatin Henric Cunty, Virginia PROGRAM CATEGORY: Infrmatin Technlgy 1. Abstract f the Prgram Henric Cunty Public Schls (HCPS) prides itself n its innvative apprach t instructin. We believe
More informationUC4 AUTOMATED VIRTUALIZATION Intelligent Service Automation for Physical and Virtual Environments
Fr mre infrmatin abut UC4 prducts please visit www.uc4.cm. UC4 AUTOMATED VIRTUALIZATION Intelligent Service Autmatin fr Physical and Virtual Envirnments Intrductin This whitepaper describes hw the UC4
More informationPerformance Evaluation of Lower- Energy Energy Storage Alternatives for Full-Hybrid Vehicles
Perfrmance Evaluatin f Lwer- Energy Energy Strage Alternatives fr Full-Hybrid Vehicles SAE 2014 Hybrid & Electric Vehicle Technlgies Sympsium La Jlla, Califrnia February 11-13, 2014 Jeff Gnder, Jn Csgrve
More informationBudget Workbook. $ Live within your income. $ Realize personal more effectively. $ Develop economic competence and confidence goals
Budget Wrkbk This budget wrkbk was cmpiled t help yu find a simple and practical guide fr managing yur mney. Mney management abilities can have a great effect n the degree f satisfactin we gain frm life.
More informationResearch Findings from the West Virginia Virtual School Spanish Program
Research Findings frm the West Virginia Virtual Schl Spanish Prgram Funded by the U.S. Department f Educatin Cnducted by R0cKMAN ETAL San Francisc, CA, Chicag, IL, and Blmingtn, IN Octber 4, 2006 R0cKMAN
More informationINTERMEDIATE CAD FILE MANAGEMENT
INTERMEDIATE CAD FILE MANAGEMENT Intrductin File mismanagement is the dwnfall f many brilliant individuals. If yu are wise, yu wn't be ne f the peple wh meet disaster due t pr file management. Cmputers
More informationDo you have little or no incentive to enhance your agents listings online because there is no clear way to track the results or measure payback?
Rapid Respnse Real Estate Turning Clicks int Clsings! Des this Sund Familiar? Are yur Internet leads ging unanswered by yur agents? Is this negatively affecting yur brand? And are yur cmpetitrs reaping
More informationIEMA Practitioner Volume 14 Supporting Information www.iema.net/practitioner/14
IEMA Practitiner Vlume 14 Supprting Infrmatin www.iema.net/practitiner/14 Title: Engaging and Re-engineering the Supply Chain Authr: Sam Balch Organisatin: Glbal Actin Plan There are a number f reasns
More informationThe ADVANTAGE of Cloud Based Computing:
The ADVANTAGE f Clud Based Cmputing: A Web Based Slutin fr: Business wners and managers that perate equipment rental, sales and/r service based rganizatins. R M I Crpratin Business Reprt RMI Crpratin has
More informationThe Allstate Foundation Domestic Violence Program 2015 Moving Ahead Financial Empowerment Grant
The Allstate Fundatin Dmestic Vilence Prgram 2015 Mving Ahead Financial Empwerment Grant Due Date: September 1, 2015 Online applicatin: https://www.grantrequest.cm/sid_1010?sa=sna&fid=35296 The Allstate
More informationChapter 4 General WORD BANK
Name Date Hur Table Lessn One Directins: Cmplete the cncept map with the crrect terms frm the wrd bank. Each wrd is used nly nce. Chapter 4 General WORD BANK chemical mechanical sund electric nuclear radiant
More informationCONTENTS UNDERSTANDING PPACA. Implications of PPACA Relative to Student Athletes. Institution Level Discussion/Decisions.
This dcument is intended t prvide NCAA member institutins with an infrmatinal guide regarding the ptential implicatins f the Patient Prtectin and Affrdable Care Act f 2010 (PPACA) when fully implemented
More informationWelcome to Remote Access Services (RAS)
Welcme t Remte Access Services (RAS) Our gal is t prvide yu with seamless access t the TD netwrk, including the TD intranet site, yur applicatins and files, and ther imprtant wrk resurces -- whether yu
More informationWhite Paper on Business Process Outsourcing in Automotive Industry
White Paper n Business Prcess Outsurcing in Autmtive Industry Intrductin As autmtive industry is stepping int a market landscape which is favrable t it, there is untapped market ptential which is critically
More information