Where On Earth Will Three Different Satellites Provide Simultaneous Coverage?

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1 Where On Earth Will Three Different Satellites Provide Simultaneous Coverage? In this exercise you will use STK/Coverage to model and analyze the quality and quantity of coverage provided by the Earth observing payloads attached to satellites in three different orbits. Using that model, you will determine if, when, and for how long two or more of the satellites can simultaneously survey the surface of the Earth during daylight hours. Upon completion, you will be able to: Find and calculate coverage. Assess the quality of your coverage. Report statistical data based on your coverage. Set up a Figure of Merit for a Coverage Definition object. Add a legend to a 2D Graphics window.

2 Problem Statement As a university student, your senior design team has worked in conjunction with a consortium of two other universities in designing a new space-based Earth observing payload. Your payload was designed to be an on-orbit space shuttle experiment rather than a stand-alone satellite. The space shuttle has just lifted off with your payload onboard! The other two universities built small satellites carrying this new payload (SunSync and TestSat). Their satellites launched previously on two separate space launches. Because the three Earth observing payloads were all piggybacked to space as secondary missions of other launches, they ended up in three different orbits. You need to know when any or all of the three satellites can see the portion of the Earth s surface that falls between 60 degree and -60 degrees latitude. Additionally, you would like to know if any areas of the Earth will be covered by two or even three sensors simultaneously, during daylight hours, and if so, for how long. Manually calculating point-to-point access to an object positioned at every point on the Earth individually would be time consuming. How will you determine the extent and quality of coverage provided by the three satellites that you are assessing? Break it Down Here is what you know: The Earth observing payload is attached to three different satellites (Shuttle, SunSync, and TestSat). The shuttle is flying in a low earth orbit with a 51.6 degree inclination. One of the university satellites is in a sun synchronous orbit (SunSync). The other satellite is in a circular orbit with an altitude of 1400 km and an inclination of 70 degrees (TestSat). The Earth observing mission that these satellites are performing requires the Earth to be in sunlight in order for data collection to occur. You are only interested in the area on the surface of the Earth that falls between 60 degrees north latitude and -60 degrees south latitude. Solution Use STK/Coverage to model and analyze the quality and quantity of coverage provided by the Earth observing payloads attached to satellites in three different orbits. Using that model, you will determine if, when, and for how long two or more of the satellites can survey the surface of the Earth during daylight hours. Open an Existing Scenario To speed things up and allow you to focus on the portion of this exercise that teaches you to analyze and display coverage, a partially developed scenario has been provided for you. This scenario can be found in the student files area. 2

3 1. Ensure that the Welcome to STK! dialog is visible in the STK Workspace. 2. Click the Open a Scenario. 3. Locate the student files provided for this exercise (typically, C:\Training\STK\). 4. Select SimSat_Cov.vdf ( ). When you select an object in the Open dialog, information about that object will display in at the bottom of the panel. If you scroll through the information at the bottom of the panel, you ll see that the scenario provided contains three previously defined satellites described in Break it Down on page Each satellite is equipped with a sensor used to model the field of view of the attached data collection instrument. 5. When you finish, click Open. FIGURE 1. 3D View: Three predefined orbits When you open a VDF, a directory with the same name as the VDF will be created in the default user directory (C:\My Documents\STK 9\) and STK will unpack the contents of the VDF into that directory. The scenario will not be saved automatically. Also, note, when you save the scenario, it will save it in the format that it originated in. If you open a VDF, the default save format will be a VDF. The same is true for a scenario (*.sc) file. To change this, you must change the file format when you are doing a Save As procedure. 6. When the scenario loads, click Save ( ). What Is Coverage? The STK/Coverage module allows you to analyze the global or regional coverage provided by one or more assets (facilities, vehicles, sensors, etc.) while considering all access. Specific results are generated based on detailed access computations 3

4 performed to user-defined grid points within an area of coverage. Using STK/ Coverage you can: Define areas of interest Define coverage assets (satellites, ground facilities, etc.) Define the time period of interest Determine and report measures of coverage quality STK/Coverage provides the necessary tools, but you have some work to do too. Let s get started. Coverage Definition You know what your region-of-interest is--the portion of the Earth s surface that falls between 60 degree and -60 degrees latitude. You need to tell STK to use that area as your region-of-interest. Use a coverage definition object to define an analytical area that will limit itself to user defined boundaries. A coverage definition object is defined by: Selecting the area(s) of interest Identifying the assets that may provide coverage to those areas Setting the time period over which coverage statistics are to be analyzed Once the coverage definition object is defined, access periods to the coverage area can be computed to determine the availability of an asset or set of assets that satisfy all geometric, lighting, temporal and other user-specified constraints within that area. 1. Select the scenario ( ) in the Object Browser. 2. Use the Object Catalog to insert a coverage definition object ( ). You can also add a Coverage Definition to the Insert New Object tool. Just click the Edit Preferences... button and add the Coverage Definition. 3. Rename the coverage definition Stereo_Cov. 4. Open Stereo_Cov's ( ) properties ( ). The Basic - Grid page should already be selected. Defining a Coverage Grid Coverage analyses are based on the accessibility of assets (objects that provide coverage) and geographical areas. For analysis purposes, the geographical areas of interest are further refined using regions and points defined by STK. Points have specific geographical locations and are used in the computation of asset availability. Regions are closed boundaries that contain points. Accessibility to a region is computed based on accessibility to the points within that region. The combination of the geographical area, the regions within that area, and the points within each region is called the coverage grid. 4

5 The default Grid Definition type is set to Latitude Bounds. This definition results in a coverage region that is a band circling the globe between your defined latitude boundaries. 1. Ensure that the Bounds Type is Latitude Bounds. 2. Set the Min Latitude to Set the Max Latitude to 60. Grid Resolution While the area to be considered in the coverage analysis is specified by a set of regions within the defining bounds, the statistical data computed during a coverage analysis is based on a set of locations, or points, which span the coverage area. You can determine the spacing between grid points using the options in the Grid Granularity area of the Grid page. These options help you define the fineness or coarseness of the grid. The exact location of the grid points are computed based on a specified granularity. Finer grid resolution typically produces more accurate results but requires additional computational time and resources. 1. Ensure that Lat/Lon is selected in the Grid Definition - Grid Granularity area. 2. Change the Point Granularity to 4 deg. 3. Click Apply. Coverage Graphics You can define how the coverage grid displays in the 2D and 3D Graphics window using the graphics Attributes properties for the coverage definition object. The fields on the 2D Graphics - Attributes page allow you to specify grid attributes as well as the way in which the progress of coverage computations display. Let s turn on the 2D and 3D grid region display now. 1. Return to Stereo_Cov's ( ) properties ( ). 2. Select the 2D Graphics - Attributes page. 3. Enable the Show Regions option in the Static Graphics area. 4. Click Apply. Get a Better Look The sections and lines outlined on the globe represent coverage regions and individual points within those regions. The points have a specific geographical location and are used in the computation of assets available. Accessibility to a region is computed based on accessibility to the points within that region. 1. Bring the 3D Graphics window to the front. 5

6 2. Mouse around in the 3D Graphics window to get a good look at the coverage grid. FIGURE 2. 3D View: Stereo Cov s grid display 3. Mouse around in the 3D Graphics window to get a good look at the north and/or south pole. Notice that there is no grid covering either of these areas. When you limited the boundaries of your coverage region, STK excluded these areas from the grid. FIGURE 3. 3D View: Stereo Cov s grid extents Manage Your Resources By default, STK is set to automatically recompute access every time an object on which the coverage definition depends (such as an asset) is updated. You will be computing access to a large area, which could take some time. You still have several changes to make. In an effort to manage your resources more efficiently, let s not tie 6

7 up STK recomputing access automatically every time you make a change. Let s turn that off. 1. Return to Stereo_Cov's ( ) properties ( ). 2. Select the Basic - Advanced page. 3. Disable the Automatically Recompute Accesses option. 4. Click OK. How Will I Constrain My Coverage? Your first objective is to determine what areas of the earth, at some time in a twentyfour hour period, will be examined by at least one of the sensors during daylight hours. If coverage is based on access to every point in the grid, how will you ensure that the grid points are constrained based on the lighting conditions in that geographical area? Once you have defined the grid area and resolution, you can customize the definition of points within the grid, by specifying a type of object or a specific object for the points within the grid. The template object can be used to associate three types of information with the grid points: access constraints, basic object properties and, in some specialized cases, the altitude of the points in the grid. By default, the grid points are located on the surface of the Earth and accesses to grid points are constrained to a line of sight not obstructed by the Earth. If you select a template object, the constraints set for the template object are also used by all the points within the grid. Create the Constraints Template Since you want to constrain your analysis based on the lighting conditions on the ground, apply the constraints to a facility object and then use that facility as your template. 1. Return to the Insert STK Objects tool ( ). 2. Select the following: TABLE 1. Create locations on the ground Select an Object To Be Inserted: Facility Select a Method: Define Properties 3. Click the Insert... button. 4. Rename the facility Const_Template. Apply Constraints Any constraints or characteristics that you want to impose on points in the coverage grid must be applied to a template object. You can set a lighting constraint on 7

8 Const_Template, which, once associated with the coverage definition, will be used by every point in the coverage grid. 1. Select the Constraints - Sun page. 2. Enable the Lighting option. 3. Select Direct Sun from the list of lighting constraints. 4. Click Apply. The location and display of the constraints template is unimportant. Take a moment to turn off the object label in the 2D and 3D Graphics windows. 5. Select the 2D Graphics - Attributes page. 6. Set the following: Marker Style Inherit From Scenario Show Label TABLE 2. Const_Template display options None Off Off 7. Click OK. Associate the Constraints You ve applied the appropriate constraint to the template object (Const_Template), but you still need to associate that object with the Coverage Definition (Stereo_Cov). 1. Open Stereo_Cov's ( ) properties ( ). 2. Ensure that the Basic - Grid page is selected. 3. Click the Grid Constraint s... button. 4. Set the following: Reference Constraint Class Use Object Instance <Object Instance> TABLE 3. Facility On Const_Template (highlight) 5. Click OK to return to the Grid page. 6. Click Apply. 8

9 Identify Your Assets You ve defined and constrained the area within which you d like to analyze coverage. The next step is to identify your assets. Coverage Assets specify which objects, or assets in the scenario will be used to provide coverage over the specified region. The Earth observing payloads attached to each satellite (Shuttle, SunSync, and TestSat) are modeled using an STK sensor object in this scenario; therefore, the sensors attached to each satellite will be your assets. Let s assign those assets now. 1. Return to Stereo_Cov's ( ) properties ( ). 2. Select the Basic - Assets page. 3. Expand ( ) each satellite object ( ) to unnest the attached payloads. 4. Hold down the Ctrl key, and select all three sensors ( ). 5. Click the Assign button. The display in the Assets list will change to visually indicate which objects in the scenario have been assigned as assets. FIGURE 4. Assigned assets for Stereo Cov 6. Click OK. Compute Coverage! You have a coverage definition (Stereo_Cov), which covers the surface of the Earth between 60 degrees and -60 degrees, and you ve assigned assets (the Earth observing payload on each satellite) that will provide access to that area-of-interest. Now that the coverage definition object is defined and properly contained, access periods to the coverage area can be computed to determine the availability of an asset or set of assets that satisfy all geometric, lighting, temporal, and other specified constraints. Let s do that now. 1. Bring the 2D Graphics window to the front. 2. Right-click Stereo_Cov ( ) in the Object Browser. 3. Expand the Coverage Definition item in the context menu. 9

10 4. Select Compute Accesses. Coverage graphics display in the 2D Graphics window while coverage is being computed. When you compute coverage, all access calculations between the coverage assets (all three sensors) and the coverage area (Stereo_Cov) are computed. FIGURE 5. 2D View: Coverage computation display Define the Quality of Coverage While the coverage definition defines the problem, the figure(s) of merit allows you to evaluate the quality of coverage provided by the selected set of assets (defined for the coverage definition object) over the coverage area and then provide a method for summarizing and viewing the resultant data. To evaluate coverage quality, you will first need to set basic parameters that determine the way in which quality is computed. This involves choosing the method for evaluating the quality of coverage provided, setting measurement options, and identifying the criteria needed to achieve satisfactory coverage. Measure Simple Coverage Simple Coverage measures whether or not a point is accessible by any of the assigned assets. An evaluation of the dynamic behavior of simple coverage computes a value of one (1) for points that are currently in an access period and zero (0) for points that are not. The static behavior of simple coverage computes a value of one (1) for grid points that have access to an asset at any point in the analysis time period and zero (0) for points that are not accessible. Let s evaluate the quality of coverage within your coverage region using a simple coverage type figure of merit (FOM). 1. Select Stereo_Cov ( ) in the Object Browser. 2. Attach a Figure of Merit ( ) using the Object Browser 10

11 3. Rename the figure of merit Simple_Cov. STK creates a Simple Coverage figure of merit by default. Since you will be evaluating simple coverage there is no need to change Simple Cov s properties. Static Coverage Graphics Graphics are used to represent the static and dynamic value of simple coverage. When displaying static graphics, grid points are highlighted if they are covered by at least one asset at any time during the analysis time period. The figure of merit display shows you where, during daylight hours, you have coverage by at least one asset during the coverage interval. 1. Bring the 3D Graphics window to the front. 2. Reset ( ) the animation. FIGURE 6. 3D View: Simple coverage quality for Stereo Cov In this case, the entire coverage region is shaded here in red. This tells you that, at some point during the twenty-four analysis interval, each point in your coverage region did have access to at least one asset during daylight hours. Clean Up! In an effort to minimize clutter and more clearly visualize periods of access, let s remove the grid from the visualization windows and focus on the coverage quality display. 1. Open Stereo_Cov's ( ) properties ( ). 2. Select the 2D Graphics - Attributes page. 11

12 Show Regions Show Points 3. Click OK. TABLE 4. Stereo Cov 2D Graphics attributes display options Off Off Dynamic Coverage Graphics Let s look at coverage graphics in the 2D Graphics window. In the 2D Graphics window we can see the entire globe as a flat map, whereas in the 3D Graphics window, the sunlit portion of the globe may be hidden when accesses occur. 1. Bring the 2D Graphics window to the front. 2. Reset ( ) the animation. 3. Play ( ) the animation. FIGURE 7. 2D View: Simple Coverage quality dynamic display By default the solar terminator as well as the subsolar point have already been enabled for you so you can tell which portion of the Earth is in sunlight at any given time. Notice that throughout the twenty-four hour period not all of the satellites are in sunlit regions at the same time, and often only a portion of the field-of-view for a given satellite is in a sunlit region. It s obvious that each of your assets has access for some portion of the twenty-four hour period, but how many of those assets have coverage in the same area simultaneously during daylight hours? A second FOM can be used to answer that very question. 12

13 Clean Up First, turn the Simple_Cov FOM graphics off, so that they don t interfere with the display of the new FOM. 1. Open Simple_Cov s ( ) properties ( ). 2. Select the 2D Graphics - Attributes page. 3. Click OK. N Asset Coverage N Asset Coverage measures the number of assets available simultaneously during coverage, where N is between zero and the total number of assets defined in the coverage definition. The dynamic definition of N Asset Coverage computes the number of assets currently accessible to each grid point. Let s add a second FOM object that will analyze the quality of coverage based on the number of available assets. 1. Attach a second Figure of Merit ( ) to Stereo_Cov ( ) using the Object Catalog. 2. Rename the figure of merit NAsset_Cov. 3. Open NAsset_Cov s ( ) properties ( ). Definition 1. Select the Basic - Definition page. 2. Set the following Definition criteria: TABLE 5. Simple Cov FOM display clean up options Attribute Static Graphics Show Off Animation Graphics Show Off Type Compute TABLE 6. NAsset FOM definition criteria N Asset Coverage Maximum Selecting maximum will compute the maximum number of assets available over the entire coverage interval. In this case, for every grid point the static value of the FOM is the maximum number of sensors (assets) simultaneously providing coverage during the analysis interval. 3. Click Apply. 13

14 Get a Better Look 1. Bring the 2D Graphics window to the front. 2. Reset ( ) the animation to refresh the display in the 2D Graphics window. FIGURE 8. 2D View: NAsset FOM coverage graphics The graphics indicate that you have access over the entire coverage grid. Let s change the criteria that will indicate which accesses are considered valid. Satisfaction You can restrict the figure of merit behavior so that STK only applies the graphical properties of the figure of merit when a chosen satisfaction criterion is met. 1. Return to NAsset_Cov s ( ) properties ( ). 2. Set the following Satisfaction criteria: TABLE 7. NAsset FOM satisfaction criteria Enable On Satisfied If At Least Threshold 2 In this case, you want the satisfaction criteria to be that at least two (the selected threshold) of the assets (sensors) have access to a point in the grid simultaneously during daylight hours. 3. Click OK. 14

15 Get a Better Look Adding the satisfaction criteria has greatly reduced your area of coverage as evidenced by the 2D and 3D Graphics display. 1. Reset ( ) the animation. 2. Bring the 3D Graphics window to the front. FIGURE 9. 3D View: NAsset FOM satisfaction graphics 1. Bring the 2D Graphics window to the front. 2. Play ( ) the animation. FIGURE 10. 2D View: NAsset FOM satisfaction graphics Notice that, as the scenario animates, a single sunlit sensor no longer shows dynamic coverage graphics. With the satisfaction criteria applied, you only see dynamic coverage graphics if there is double or triple coverage. 15

16 Graph Coverage By Latitude Let s create a graph to confirm what you are seeing in the 2D Graphics window. 1. Open the Report & Graph Manager ( ). 2. Select the following: TABLE 8. Classical orbital elements report Object Type Coverage Definition Object (Below Object Type) Stereo_Cov Show Reports Off Show Graphs On Style Coverage by Latitude Generate as Report/Graph 3. Click Generate... Coverage By Latitude Data Provider The Coverage by Latitude data provider reports coverage for each latitude in the selected range (-90 degrees to 90 degrees if Global Coverage is chosen), at intervals depending on the selected resolution. A point is considered to be covered if it has access to one or more of the assigned assets. The reported values for each latitude are the average value for all grid points at that latitude. FIGURE 11. Graph: Stereo Cov percent of time covered by latitude The graph clearly coincides with what you see on the map. As your latitude increases, so does your coverage. Use the graph to answer the following questions: Where would be the best to place to put a ground station for data collection? 16

17 Would you have access to multiple assets at the same time? 4. Close the Coverage by Latitude graph. 5. Close the Report & Graph Manager ( ). Coverage Over Time You have determined that the northern latitudes provide the best coverage, and it would, therefore, be beneficial to put a data collection ground station somewhere in a northern latitude. Your analysis, up to this point, has illustrated our instantaneous coverage, but, you would also like to determine what areas, at some time during the day, had single, double, or triple coverage. 1. Open NAsset_Cov s ( ) properties ( ). 2. Select the 2D Graphics - Attributes page. 3. Select Up to Current in the Accumulation drop-down. 4. Click Apply. The accumulation options for animation graphics allow you to control the sense and persistence of the animation graphics. By default, STK is set to highlight grid points that meet the satisfaction criteria at the current time. When you change the accumulation value to Up To Current, grid points that have met the satisfaction criterion based on the dynamic definition of the figure of merit from the start time to the current time are highlighted during animation. This can help you determine not only where you have the best coverage but also when you have the best coverage. Get a Better Look Because we have made no changes to the 2D Graphics properties for the NAsset_Cov FOM, by default both static and animation graphics display in the visualization windows. Whenever an assigned asset passes through the coverage area it leaves a footprint that indicates where the quality criteria (at least two assets) was met at a specific point in time. In Figure 12, the pink shading (the static graphics) shows the sum of what has been covered by at least two assets at some time during the entire coverage interval. The purple shading (animation graphics) shows how coverage is accumulated. If you animate the scenario, the animation graphics will accumulate as additional areas of the Earth are covered by at least two assets over time until they match the total static coverage for the coverage interval. Since the static coverage is the sum of the accumulated coverage it will eventually equal or add up to the static graphics. 1. Bring the 2D Graphics window to the front. 2. Reset ( ) the animation. 3. Play ( ) the animation. 17

18 FIGURE 12. 2D View: NAsset FOM up to current coverage Contour Graphics You can specify how levels of coverage quality display in both the 2D and 3D Graphics windows using contours graphics. Contour levels represent the gradations in coverage quality and can be displayed for both static and animation values of the figure of merit. Before you display contour graphics, let s turn off the display of the Animation graphics for NAsset_Cov. 1. Return to NAsset_Cov s ( ) properties ( ). 2. Select the 2D Graphics - Attributes page. 3. Disable the Show option for Animation Graphics. 4. Click Apply. Static Contours Static Contour levels display coverage data for all points based on evaluation over the entire coverage interval (in this case the analysis period). 1. Return to NAsset_Cov s ( ) properties ( ). 2. Select the 2D Graphics - Contours page. 3. Set the following options: Type Show Style TABLE 9. NAsset FOM static contour display options Static On Smooth Fill 18

19 4. Click the Remove All button in the Level Attributes page. 5. Enter the following values in the Level Adding area: Add Method TABLE 10. NAsset FOM static contour level adding values Start 1 Stop 3 Step 1 Start, Stop, Step 6. Click Add Levels. 7. Enter the following values in the Level Attributes area: Field Color Method Start Color End Color TABLE 11. NAsset contour graphics level attribute values Color Ramp Red Blue 8. Click Apply. 9. Click the Legend... button. FIGURE 13. Static contours legend for NAsset coverage The map graphics will be colored according to the number of available assets as outlined in the static contours legend. Get a Better Look 1. Reset ( ) the animation to refresh the visualization windows. 2. Bring the 2D Graphics window to the front. 19

20 FIGURE 14. 2D View: NAsset FOM static contours display 3. Bring the 3D Graphics window to the front. FIGURE 15. 3D View: NAsset FOM static contours display 4. When you finish, reset ( ) the animation. Dynamic Contours The static contour display tells you where you have access to at least one (red), two (green), or three (blue) assets at some point during the entire coverage interval. Let s take contours a step further. Let s display contours that will tell you how many assets you have access to based on the scenario time. 1. Return to NAsset_Cov s ( ) properties ( ). 2. Select the 2D Graphics - Attributes page. 3. Set the following: 20

21 TABLE 12. NAsset FOM graphics attributes display options Type Static Graphics Show Off Animation Graphics Show On Accumulation Current Time 4. Click Apply. 5. Select the 2D Graphics - Contours page. 6. Set the following: Type Type Style Show TABLE 13. NAsset FOM display clean up options Static Block Fill Off 7. Set the following: Type Type Show Use Static Contours Enabling the Use Static Contours option will ensure that the same contour levels and colors are used for both static and animation graphics. 8. Click Apply. TABLE 14. NAsset FOM display clean up options Animation Get a Better Look As your scenario animates areas in the coverage grid that have access to all three assets will be blue, the areas with double coverage will be green, and those with single coverage will be red. 1. Reset ( ) the animation to refresh the visualization windows. 2. Bring the 2D Graphics window to the front. 3. Play ( ) the animation. On On 21

22 FIGURE 16. 2D View: NAsset dynamic contours display Contour graphics have shown you that you do, in fact, have coverage from one, two, and even three assets at various times throughout your coverage analysis, but how long do you have that coverage, and exactly where? You can use yet another FOM to help answer that very question. 4. When you finish, reset ( ) the animation. Clean Up Before you create another FOM, turn the NAsset_Cov FOM graphics off, so that they don t interfere with the coverage quality display of the new FOM. 1. Return to NAsset_Cov s ( ) properties ( ). 2. Select the 2D Graphics - Attributes page. 3. Set the following: 4. Select the 2D Graphics - Contours page. 5. Set the following: TABLE 15. NAsset FOM display clean up options Type Animation Graphics Show Off Static Graphics Show Off Type TABLE 16. NAsset FOM contours display clean up options Static Contours Show Off Animation Graphics Show Off 22

23 6. Click OK. 7. Close the contours legend window. Measure Coverage Time Coverage Time measures the amount of time during which grid points are covered. Because Coverage Time does not have a dynamic definition, no time-dependent information is computed. 1. Attach a third Figure of Merit ( ) to Stereo_Cov ( ) using the Object Browser. 2. Rename the figure of merit Cov_Time. 3. Open Cov_Time s ( ) properties ( ). 4. Select the Basic - Definition page. 5. Set the following: The Total Time Above option computes the amount of time (over the entire coverage interval) during which a point is covered by the minimum number of assets specified. 6. Click Apply. TABLE 17. Cov Time FOM definition options Type Coverage Time Compute Total Time Above Min Assets 2 Get a Better Look The shaded points on the 2D Graphics window are those that have some amount of time when they are covered by two assets simultaneously. 1. Reset ( ) the animation to refresh the visualization windows. 2. Bring the 2D Graphics window to the front. 23

24 FIGURE 17. 2D View: Cov Time FOM graphics display Report Coverage Time The FOM display shows that you have at least two assets viewing the globe over the entire coverage interval. But what are the maximum, minimum, and average values over the entire coverage region? 1. Open the Report & Graph Manager ( ). 2. Select the following: TABLE 18. Classical orbital elements report Object Type Figure of Merit Object (Below Object Type) Cov_Time Show Reports On Show Graphs Off Style Grid Stats Generate as Report/Graph 3. Click Generate... The Grid Stats report summarizes the minimum, maximum and average static value for the figure of merit over the entire grid. The values in the Grid Stats report are a great way to determine the start and stop values to specify when enabling graphics contours. What are the minimum, maximum, and average values for the figure of merit? 4. Note these values to help you define your contour levels. 5. Close the Report & Graph Manager ( ). 24

25 6. Leave the Grid Stats report open. Coverage Time Contours Now that you have the values for your coverage time, you can use them to set the intervals for FOM contour graphics. 1. Return to Cov_Time s ( ) properties ( ). 2. Select the 2D Graphics - Contours page. 3. Set the following display options: Type Show Style TABLE 19. Cov Time FOM static contour display options Static On Smooth Fill 4. Click the Remove All button in the Level Attributes page. 5. Set the following values in the Level Adding area: Field Add Method Start Stop Step TABLE 20. Cov Time FOM static contour level adding values Start, Stop, Step 200 sec <Nearest 100 above max found in Grid Stats report> 200 sec 6. Click Add Levels. 7. Enter the following values in the Level Attributes area: Field Color Method Start Color End Color TABLE 21. Cov Time FOM contour level attribute values Color Ramp Red Blue 8. Click Apply. Change the Legend Layout Let s change the legend so that it displays in the 2D Graphics window instead of in a separate window as before. 1. Click the Legend... button. 25

26 2. Click the Layout... button. 3. Enter the following values in the Figure of Merit Legend Layout. TABLE 22. Contour legend layout options Category 2D Graphics Window Show At Pixel Location On Text s Number of Decimal Digits 0 Range Color s 4. Bring the 2D Graphics window to the front. 5. With the Figure of Merit Legend Layout dialog open, click the location where you d like to position the upper left corner of the legend in the 2D Graphics window. 6. When you finish, click OK to dismiss the Figure of Merit Legend Layout dialog. 7. Close the floating Legend window. 8. Click OK to dismiss Cov_Time s ( ) properties ( ). 9. Close the Grid Stats report. Get a Better Look 1. Bring the 2D Graphics window to the front. 2. Reset ( ) the animation. Color Square Width 50 Color Square Height 20 FIGURE 18. 2D View: Cov Time FOM static contour display with legend The legend is now embedded in the 2D map display for easy reference. The map graphics will be colored according to the length of time that assets are available as outlined in the static contours legend. 3. Bring the 3D Graphics window to the front. 26

27 4. Mouse around to see how the contours cover the globe. FIGURE 19. 3D View: Cov Time FOM static contour display with legend Report Coverage Time By Grid Point The contours display provides a general overview of when you have coverage by two or more assets for how long, and the animation time can serve as a reference for when you the extended periods of coverage occur. To get a more thorough outline of the exact length of time each point in the grid is covered by two or more assets, let s create a report. 1. Open the Report & Graph Manager ( ). 2. Select the following: Object Type Object (Below Object Type) Show Reports Show Graphs Style Generate as 3. Click Generate... TABLE 23. Classical orbital elements report Figure of Merit Cov_Time On Off By Grid Point Report/Graph The by Grid Point data provider returns a detailed list which includes the geodetic coordinates of each point in the grid, and the length of time that each point is covered by at least two assets (the minimum assets specified in the FOM definition) while in direct sunlight (the constraint imposed on the grid points using the Const_Template facility object). 27

28 Are there any grid points in the southern hemisphere that have values? Which latitude/longitude has the highest value (most time covered)? 4. When you finish, close the By Grid Point report. 5. Close the Report & Graph Manager ( ). Save Your Work 1. Save ( ) your work. 2. Close the scenario ( ). 3. Leave STK ( ) open. 28

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