Curriculum Vitae Professor Jussi Vahtera MD Born 1952 Finland, male, nationality Finnish

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1 Updated 22 January 2014 Page: 1 / 56 Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Insurance Medicine Curriculum Vitae Professor Jussi Vahtera MD Born 1952 Finland, male, nationality Finnish Address and contact numbers Department of Public Health, University of Turku Sirkkalankatu 1, FI Turku, Finland; Tel ; Fax ; jussi.vahtera@utu.fi Academic qualifications 2009 Professor of Public Health (University of Turku) 2001 Adjunct professorship in Public Health (University of Turku) 1993 D.Med.Sc (University of Turku); 1987 Specialist Degree in Occupational Health (University of Turku) 1977 MedLic (University of Turku), 1977 Licenced Physician Present appointments Professor of Public Health, University of Turku, Finland, Chief Medical Officer, Turku University Hospital, Finland, Research Professor, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland, Previous appointments Senior Researcher (Finnish Institute of Occupational Health) Occupational Health Specialist (Finnish Institute of Occupational Health) Associate chief medical officer (Health centre of Raisio) 1987 Assistant physician (Turku Regional Institute of Occupational Health) Ward physician in internal medicine (district hospital of Raisio) Assistant physician (Department of Psychiatry, city of Turku) Health centre physician (city of Raisio) 1979 Assistant physician (Department of Neurology, University Central Hospital of Turku) Assistant physician in various short-term posts. Web Postal address Visiting address Telephone Karolinska Institutet Division of Insurance Medicine SE Stockholm Sweden Berzelius väg 3, 6th floor (secretary)

2 Page: 2 / 56 Research training, supervision and teaching Successfully supervised 7 PhD students to completion, currently supervising 3 PhD students; Committee member in the Doctoral Programs in Public Health, Finland. Evidence of international standing PI for the Finnish Public Sector Study (with Prof. Kivimäki), Finland Original publications in international peer-reviewed journals 368 ( ) Citations: (ISI database ): sum of the times cited: 10778; average citations per item: 23.48; h-index: 53; 21 papers cited >100 Editorials and letters in peer-reviewed journals: 13 International textbooks and chapters in international textbooks: 7 Associate Editor Occupational and Environmental Medicine, BMJ Publishing Group Member of the editorial board Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health; Quest Editor: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health Reviewer for Lancet, Biol Psychiatry, Am J Epidemiol, Eur Heart J, Anesthesiology, Diabetologia, SLEEP, J Epidemiol Community Health and over 10 other scientific journals Member of organizing committee of international scientific conferences: 2 Reviewer of international grant applications: the BUPA Foundation, UK; Roadmap Research Facilities, NL; Member of the peer review panel of the Danish Council for Strategic Research, Denmark Invited overseas PhD examiner: 2. Honours The best of sleep research collection 2009 Award (article: Virtanen M, Ferrie JE, Gimeno D, Vahtera J, et al. Long working hours and sleep disturbances: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. Sleep 2009;32:737-45) The 2011 American College of Epidemiology Annals of Epidemiology Award for the best article published in 2010 Annals of Epidemiology American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009 Adolph G. Kammer Merit in Authorship Award The Turunmaa Duodecim foundation 2008 Recognition Award. Selected grants (Role PI or Co-PI) Vahtera J. Social ties as predictors of health behaviour and health service outcomes measured as medication adherence, avoidable secondary care and amenable mortality. Academy of Finland, : 200k euros. Role: PI Vahtera J. Determinants of healthy ageing in work and retirement: A cross-national longitudinal study based on the Integrated Datasets across Europe for Ageing Research (IDEAR) network. The Finnish arm in the ERA-AGE 2 call for multidisciplinary research applications (JCRA) on "Active and Healthy Ageing

3 Page: 3 / 56 Across the Life Course". Academy of Finland, : 309k euros. Role: Country- PI. Vahtera J. Grants from the towns participating in the on-going Finnish Public Sector study, : >2 million euros. Role: PI. Virtanen M, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. School environment as a determinant of health, wellbeing and turnover among school teachers: A collaborative study. Academy of Finland, : Role: Co-PI. Vahtera J, Kivimaki M. "Health trajectories from midlife to postretirement". Academy of Finland, : 275k euros. Role: Co-PI. Virtanen M, Vahtera J. School environment as a determinant of health, wellbeing and turnover among school teachers: A collaborative study. Academy of Finland, : 250k euros. Role: Co-PI. Vahtera J, Kivimaki M. Determinants of early exit from work force: An international multicohort study. Academy of Finland, : 450k euros. Role: PI. Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. "Early Exit from labour market: The cause-specific association of sickness absence with future risk of disability pension". The Social Insurance Institution of Finland : 146k euros. Role: PI. Kivimäki M, Vahtera, J. "Psychosocial factors at work, personality and wellbeing". Academy of Finland, : 200k euros. Role: Co-PI Vahtera J. "Social capital at work and early retirement". The Local Government Pensions Institution, Finland, : 60k euros. Role: PI. Kivimäki M, Vahtera, J. "Social capital, health and well-being in the context of work life". Academy of Finland, , 150k euros. Role: Co-PI. Kivimäki M., Vahtera J. "Social Capital, Health and Well-being in the Context of Work Life: Effects on mental health and depression". The Finnish Work Environment Fund: 80k euros. Role: Co-PI. Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. " Improvement in psychosocial work environment to improve health: Multisample prospective study". Finnish Work Environment Fund, : 170k euros. Role: PI. Vahtera J, Kivimäki. "Improvement in psychosocial work environment to improve health: Multisample prospective study". Academy of Finland, : 170k euros. Role: PI. Vahtera J. Grant for the 10-Town study. The Finnish Work Environment Fund, : 150k euros. Role: PI.

4 Page: 4 / 56 List of publications A 1. Peer-reviewed scientific articles (international journals) Vahtera J, Uutela A, Pentti J. The effects of objective job demands on registered sickness absence spells: do personal, social and job-related resources act as moderators? Work & Stress 1996;19: Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Thomson L, Griffiths A, Cox T, Pentti J. Psychosocial factors predicting employee absence because of sickness during economic decline. Journal of Applied Psychology 1997; 82: Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Pentti J. Effect of Organisational downsizing on health of employees. Lancet 1997; 350: Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Koskenvuo M, Pentti J. Hostility and registered sickness absences: a prospective study of municipal employees. Psychological Medicine 1997; 27: Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Koskenvuo M, Uutela A, Pentti J. Response of hostile individuals to stressful change in their working lives: test of a psychosocial vulnerability model. Psychological Medicine 1998; 28: Vahtera J, Virtanen P, Kivimäki M, Pentti J. Workplace as an origin of health inequalities. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1999; 53: Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Thomson L, Griffiths A, Cox T. Downsizing, changes in work, and the general health of employees: A 3-wave panel study. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping 2000; 14: Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Workplace bullying and sickness absence in hospital staff. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2000; 57: Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Pentti J, Theorell T. Effect of change in the psychosocial work environment on sickness absence: A 7-year followup of initially healthy employees. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2000; 54: Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Pentti J, Ferrie J. Factors underlying the effect of organisational downsizing on health of employees: longitudinal cohort study. British Medical Journal 2000; 320:

5 Page: 5 / Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Uutela A, Pentti J. Hostility and ill health: role of psychosocial resources in two contexts of working life. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2000; 48: Kivimäki M, Feldt T, Vahtera J, Nurmi J-E. Sense of Coherence and Health: Evidence from Two Cross-lagged Longitudinal Samples. Social Science and Medicine 2000; 50: Virtanen P, Nakari R, Ahonen H, Vahtera J, Pentti J. Locality and habitus: The origins of sickness absence practices. Social Science and Medicine 2000; 50: Kivimäki M, Sutinen R, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Räsänen K, Töyry S, Ferrie J, Firth-Cozens J. Sickness absence in hospital physicians: a 2- year follow-up study on determinants. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001; 58: Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Ferrie J, Hemingway H, Pentti J. Organizational downsizing and musculoskeletal problems in employees: a prospective study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001; 58: Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Pentti J. The role of extended weekends in sickness absenteeism. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2001; 58: Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Cooper C. Contingent employment, health and sickness absence. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 2001; 27: Elovainio M, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J. Organizational justice: Evidence of a new psychosocial predictor of health. American Journal of Public Health 2002; 92: Ala-Mursula L., Vahtera J., Kivimäki M., Kevin VM. Employee control over working times: associations with subjective health and sickness absences. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2002; 56: Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Nurmi J-E, Feldt T, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Pentti J. Sense of coherence as a mediator between hostility and health: Seven-year prospected study on female employees. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2002; 52: Virtanen P, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Pentti J, Ferrie J. Employment security and health. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2002;56: Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Selection from fixed-term to permanent employment: prospective study on health, job

6 Page: 6 / 56 satisfaction, and behavioural risks. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2002;56: Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Lillrank B, Kevin VM, Pentti J. Death or illness of a close person, violence, interpersonal conflict and financial difficulty as predictors of sickness absence: longitudinal cohort study on psychosocial and behavioral links. Psychosomatic Medicine 2002;64: Kivimäki M, Leino-Arjas P, Luukkonen R, Riihimäki H, Vahtera J, Kirjonen J. Work stress and risk of cardiovascular mortality: prospective cohort study of industrial employees. British Medical Journal 2002;325: Vahtera J, Poikolainen K, Kivimäki M, Ala-Mursula L. Alcohol intake and sickness absence: a curvilinear relation. American Journal of Epidemiology 2002;156: Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Ferrie JE. Organisational justice and health: prospective cohort study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003; 60: Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Stansfeld SA. Association between organisational inequity and incidence of psychiatric disorders in female employees. Psychological Medicine 2003; 33: Elovainio M, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Ojanlatva A, Korkeila K, Suominen S, Helenius H, Koskenvuo M. Social support, early retirement, and a retirement preference: A study of 10,489 Finnish adults. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003; 45: Elovainio M, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Virtanen M. Organizational justice, sleeping problems, and health. Health Psychology 2003; 22: Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Virtanen P, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Disparity in occupational training and career planning between contingent and permanent employees. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2003; 12: Salminen S, Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Stress factors predicting injuries of hospital personnel. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 2003; 44: Väänänen A, Toppinen-Tanner S, Kalimo R, Mutanen P, Vahtera J, Peiró JM. Job characteristics, physical and psychological symptoms, and social support as antacedents of sickness absences among men and

7 Page: 7 / 56 women in the private industrial sector. Social Science and Medicine 2003; 57: Kivimaki M, Head J, Ferrie JE, Shipley MJ, Vahtera J, Marmot MG. Sickness absence as a global measure of health: Evidence from allcause mortality in the Whitehall II study. British Medical Journal 2003; 327: Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Vartia M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Workplace bullying and the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003; 60: Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Pentti J, Ferrie JE. Temporary Employment and Risk of Overall and Cause-specific Mortality. American Journal of Epidemiology 2003; 158: Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Pentti J, Virtanen M. Human costs of organisational downsizing: comparing health trends between leavers and stayers. American Journal of Community Psychology 2003; 32: Elovainio M, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Keltikangas- Järvinen L. Personality as a moderator in the relations between perceptions of organizational justice and sickness absence. Journal of Vocational Behaviour 2003;63: Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Ferrie JE. From insecure to secure employment: Changes in work, health, health-related behaviours and sickness absence. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2003; 60: Virtanen P, Liukkonen V, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Koskenvuo M. Health inequalities in the workforce: the labour market core-periphery structure. International Journal of Epidemiology 2003; 158: Virtanen P, Vahtera J, Nakari R, Pentti J, Kivimäki M. Economy and job contract as contexts of sickness absence practices: revisiting locality and habitus. Social Science and Medicine 2004; 58: Elovainio M, Kivimäki M, Steen N, Vahtera J. Job decision latitude, organizational justice and health: Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Social Science and Medicine 2004; 58: Ala-Mursula L, Vahtera J, Pentti J, Kivimäki M. Effect of employee worktime control on health: a prospective cohort study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004; 61: Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Pentti J, Linna A, Virtanen M, Virtanen P, Ferrie JE. Organisational downsizing, sickness absence and mortality: the 10-Town prospective cohort study. British Medical Journal 2004; 328:

8 Page: 8 / Vahtera J, Pentti J, Kivimäki M. Sickness absence as a predictor of mortality among male and female employees. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004; 58: Kivimäki M, Kinnunen M-L, Pitkänen T, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, and Pulkkinen L. Contribution of early and adult factors to socioeconomic variation in blood pressure: 34-year follow-up study of school children. Psychosomatic Medicine 2004; 66: Saloniemi A, Virtanen P, Vahtera J. The work environment in fixedterm jobs: are poor psychosocial conditions inevitable? Work, Employment and Society 2004; 18: Korkeila K, Kivelä S-L, Suominen S, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Sundell J, Helenius H, Koskenvuo M. Childhood adversities, parent-child relationships and dispositional optimism in adulthood. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2004; 39: Kivimäki M, Forma P, Wikström J, Halmeenmäki T, Pentti J, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Sickness absence as a risk marker of future disability pension: The 10-Town Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004; 58: Kivimäki M, Ferrie JE, Head J, Shipley MJ, Vahtera J, Marmot MG. Organisational justice and change in justice as predictors of employee health: the Whitehall II study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004; 58: Brunner EJ, Kivimäki M, Siegrist J, Theorell T, Luukkonen R, Riihimäki H, Vahtera J, Kirjonen J, Leino-Arjas P. Is the effect of work stress on cardiovascular mortality confounded by socioeconomic factors in the Valmet study? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004; 58: Granö N, Virtanen M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Kivimäki M. Impulsivity as a predictor of smoking and alcohol consumption. Personality and Individual Differences 2004; 37: Kivimäki M, Leino-Arjas P, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Keltikangas- Järvinen L, Puttonen S, Vartia, M, Brunner E, Vahtera J. Work stress and incidence of newly-diagnosed fibromyalgia: Prospective cohort study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2004; 57: Kivimäki M, Mäkinen A, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Firth- Cozens J. Organization of nursing care and sickness absence among hospital nurses. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 2004; 30: Väänänen A, Kalimo R, Toppinen-Tanner S, Peiró JM, Mutanen P, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J. Role clarity, fairness and organizational climate as predictors of sickness absence: A prospective study in the private sector. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2004; 32:

9 Page: 9 / Liukkonen V, Virtanen P, Kivimäki M, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Social capital in working life and the health of employees. Social Science and Medicine 2004; 59: Väänänen A, Kevin M, Ala-Mursula L, Pentti J, Kivimäki J, Vahtera J. The double burden of and negative spillover between paid and domestic work: associations with health among men and women. Women & Health 2004; 40: Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Work stress, smoking status and smoking intensity: an observational study of employees. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2005; 59: Kivimäki M, Head J, Ferrie J Hemingway H, Shipley M, Vahtera J, Marmot M. Working While Ill as a Risk Factor for Serious Coronary Events: The Whitehall II Study. American Journal of Public Health 2005; 95: Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Forma P, Wikström J, Halmeenmäki T, Linna A, Pentti J. Organizational downsizing as a predictor of disability pension: the 10-Town prospective cohort study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2005; 59: Virtanen P, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Liukkonen V, Virtanen M, Ferrie JE. Labor market trajectories and health: a four year follow-up study of initially fixed-term employees. American Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 161: Ylipaavalniemi J, Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Virtanen M, Keltikangas- Järvinen L, Vahtera J. Psychosocial work characteristics and incidence of newly diagnosed depression: a prospective cohort study of three different models. Social Science and Medicine 2005; 61: Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Cox SJ, Poikolainen K, Cox T, Vahtera J. Job Strain, Effort-Reward Imbalance, and Heavy Drinking: A Study in employees. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005; 47: Suominen S, Gold R, Ahvenainen J, Vahtera J, Uutela A, Koskenvuo M. Sense of coherence and disability pensions. A nationwide, register based prospective population study of 2196 adult Finns. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2005; 59: Kouvonen A, Kivimäki K, Elovainio M, Virtanen M, Linna A, Vahtera J. Job strain and leisure-time physical activity in female and male public sector employees. Preventive Medicine 2005; 41:

10 Page: 10 / Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Joensuu M, Virtanen P, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Temporary employment and health: a review. International Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 34: Ojanlatva A, Rautava P, Helenius H, Korkeila K, Sundell J, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Mäkinen J, Koskenvuo M. Associations of social support and sex life - the HeSSup Study. Patient Education & Counseling 2005; 58: Poikolainen K, Vahtera J, M, Linna A, Kivimäki M. Alcohol and coronary heart disease risk - is there an unknown confounder? Addiction 2005; 100: Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Cox SJ, Cox T, Vahtera J. Relationship Between Work Stress and Body Mass Index Among 45,810 Female and Male Employees. Psychosomatic Medicine 2005; 67: Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Kokko K, Pulkkinen L. Mental health and hostility as predictors of temporary employment: evidence from two prospective studies. Social Science and Medicine 2005; 61: Kivimäki M, Lawlor DA, Juonala M, Davey Smith G, Elovainio M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Vahtera J, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT. Lifecourse socioeconomic position, C-reactive protein, and carotic intima-media thickness in young adults. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 2005; 25: Ferrie JE, Kivimäki M, Head J, Shipley MJ, Vahtera J, Marmot M. A comparison of self-reported sickness absence with absences recorded in employers registers: Evidence from the Whitehall II study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2005; 62: Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Helenius H, Singh-Manoux A, Pentti J. Optimism and pessimism as predictors of change in health after death or onset of severe illness in family. Health Psychology 2005; 24: Ala-Mursula L, Vahtera J, Linna A, Pentti J, Kivimäki M. Employee worktime control moderates the effects of job strain and effort-reward imbalance on sickness absence: the 10-Town study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2005; 59: Väänänen A, Pahkin K, Huuhtanen P, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Theorell T, Kalimo R. Are intrinsic motivational factors of work associated with functional incapacity similarly regardless of the country? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2005; 59: Väänänen A, Vahtera J, Pentti J, Kivimäki M. Sources of social support as determinants of psychiatric morbidity after severe life

11 Page: 11 / 56 events: Prospective cohort study of female employees. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2005; 58: Väänänen A, Buunk BP, Kivimäki M, Pentti J, Vahtera J. When It Is Better to Give Than to Receive: Long-term Health Effects of Perceived Reciprocity in Support Exchange. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2005; 89: Elovainio M, van den Bos K, Linna A, Kivimäki M, Ala-Mursula L, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Combined effects of uncertainty and organizational justice on employee health: Testing the uncertainty management model of fairness judgments among Finnish public sector employees. Social Science and Medicine 2005; 61: Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Virtanen P, Vahtera J. Local economy and sickness absence: prospective cohort study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2005; 59: Kivimäki M, Ferrie JE, Brunner E, Head J, Shipley MJ, Vahtera J, Marmot MG. Justice at work and reduced risk of coronary heart disease among employees: the Whitehall II study. Archives of Internal Medicine 2005; 165: Korkeila K, Korkeila J, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Kivelä S-L, Sillanmäki L, Koskenvuo M. Childhood adversities, adult risk factors and depressiveness: a population study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2005; 40: Kivimäki M, Davey Smith G, Juonala M, Ferrie J E, Keltikangas- Järvinen L, Elovainio M, Pulkki-Råback, Vahtera J, Leino M, Viikari J S A, Raitakari O T. Socioeconomic Position in Childhood and Adult Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Vascular Structure and Function: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Heart 2006; 92: Head J, Kivimäki M, Martikainen P, Vahtera J, Ferrie JE, Marmot MG. Influence of change in psychosocial work characteristics on sickness absence: the Whitehall II study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2006; 60: Virtanen P, Saloniemi A, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Koskenvuo M. The working conditions and health of non-permanent employees: are there differences between private and public labour markets? Economic and Industrial Democracy 2006; 27: Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Väänänen A, Linna A, Pentti J, Helenius H, Elovainio M. Sex differences in health effects of family death or illness: are women more vulnerable than men? Psychosomatic Medicine 2006; 68: Kivimäki M, Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Pulkki-Råback L, Taittonen L, Viikari JS,

12 Page: 12 / 56 Raitakari OT. Early Socioeconomic Position and Blood Pressure in Childhood and Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Hypertension 2006; 47: Jalonen P, Virtanen M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Kivimäki M. Predictors of sustained organizational commitment among nurses with temporary job contracts. Journal of Nursing Administration 2006; 36: Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Sund R, Virtanen P, Ferrie JE. Sickness absence as a risk factor for job termination, unemployment and disability pension among temporary and permanent employees. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006; 63: Kivimäki M, Head J, Ferrie JE, Brunner E, Shipley MJ, Vahtera J, Marmot M. Work stress, weight gain and weight loss: Evidence for bidirectional effects of job strain on body mass index in the Whitehall II study. International Journal of Obesity 2006; 30: Kivimäki M, Leino-Arjas P, Kaila-Kangas L, Luukkonen R, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Härmä M, Kirjonen J. Is incomplete recovery from work a risk marker of cardiovascular death? Prospective evidence from industrial employees. Psychosomatic Medicine 2006; 68: Kivimäki M, Head J, Ferrie JE, Brunner E, Marmot MG, Vahtera J, Shipley MJ. Why is evidence on work stress and coronary heart disease mixed? An illustration of measurement challenges in the Whitehall II Study. Psychosomatic Medicine 2006; 68: Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Heponiemi T, Elovainio M, Pentti J, Linna A, Vahtera J. Effort-reward imbalance at work and the co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors: cross-sectional survey in a sample of 36,127 public sector employees. BMC Public Health 2006; 6: Vahtera J, Pentti J, Helenius H, Kivimäki M. Sleep disturbances as a predictor of long-term increase in sickness absence among employees after family death or illness. Sleep 2006; 29: Virtanen P, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Koskenvuo M. Employment status and differences in the one-year coverage of physician visits: different needs or unequal access to services? BMC Health Services Research 2006; 6: Ala-Mursula L, Vahtera J, Kouvonen A, Väänänen A, Linna A, Pentti J, Kivimäki M. Long hours in paid and domestic work and subsequent sickness absence: does control over daily hours matter? Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006; 63: Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Pentti J, Linna A, Virtanen M, Vahtera J. Effort/reward imbalance and sedentary lifestyle: an

13 Page: 13 / 56 observational study in a large occupational cohort. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006; 63: Kouvonen A, Kivimaki M, Vahtera J, Oksanen T, Elovainio M, Cox T, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Cox SJ, Wilkinson R. Psychometric evaluation of a short measure of social capital at work. BMC Public Health 2006; 6: Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Väänänen A, Keltikangas- Järvinen L, Vahtera J. Prevalent cardiovascular disease, risk factors and selection out of shift work. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 2006; 32: Ferrie J, Head J, Shipley MJ, Vahtera J, Marmot MG, Kivimäki M. Injustice at work and incidence of psychiatric morbidity: the Whitehall II study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006; 63: Granö N, Puttonen S, Elovainio M, Virtanen M, Väänänen A, Vahtera J, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Kivimäki M. Impulsivity as a predictor of newly-diagnosed peptic ulcer disease: a prospective cohort study. Personality and Individual Differences 2006; 41: Kivimäki M, Leino-Arjas P, Kaila-Kangas L, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Puttonen S, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Increased sickness absence among employees with fibromyalgia. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2007; 66: Kivimäki M, Hintsanen M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Elovainio M, Pulkki-Råback L, Vahtera J, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT. Early risk factors, job strain and atherosclerosis among men in their 30s: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. American Journal of Public Health 2007; 97: Kivimäki M, Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Kouvonen A, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Socioeconomic Position, Co-occurrence of Behaviour-related Risk Factors, and Coronary Heart Disease: The Finnish Public Sector Study. American Journal of Public Health 2007; 97: Elovainio M, Leino-Arjas P, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. Justice at Work and Cardiovascular Mortality: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2006; 61: Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Kouvonen A, Väänänen A, Vahtera J. Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 2006; 32: Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Linna A, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Neighbourhood socioeconomic status, health and working conditions

14 Page: 14 / 56 of school teachers. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2007; 61: Kouvonen A, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Cox SJ, Cox T, Linna L, Virtanen M, Kivimäki M. Organisational justice and smoking: the Finnish Public Sector Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2007; 61: Hemingway H, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Kivimäki M. Outcome of stable angina in a working population: the burden of sickness absence. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation 2007; 14: Feldt T, Lintula H, Suominen S, Koskenvuo M, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. Structural validity and temporal stability of the 13-item sense of coherence scale:prospective evidence from the population-based HeSSup study. Quality of Life Research 2007; 16: Harkonmäki K, Korkeila K, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Suominen S, Sillanmäki L, Koskenvuo M. Childhood adversities as a predictor of disability retirement. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2007; 61: Virtanen M, Honkonen T, Kivimäki M, Ahola K, Vahtera J, Aromaa A, Lönnqvist J. Work Stress, Mental Health and Antidepressant Medication. Findings From the Health 2000 Study. Journal of Affective Disorders 2007; 98: Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Väänänen A, Heponiemi T, Elovainio M, Ala-Mursula L, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Linna A, Vahtera J. Job strain and adverse health behaviors: The Finnish Public Sector Study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007; 49: Rauhala A., Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Virtanen M, Vahtera J, Fagerström L, Rainio A-K, Ojaniemi K, Kinnunen J. What degree of work overload is likely to cause increased sickness absenteeism among nurses? Evidence from the RAFAELA patient classification system. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2007; 57: Kivimäki M, Honkonen T, Wahlbeck K, Elovainio M, Pentti J, Klaukka T, Virtanen M, Vahtera J. Organizational downsizing and increased use of psychotropic drugs among employees who remain in employment. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2007; 61: Suoyrjö H, Hinkka K, Kivimäki M, Klaukka T, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Allocation of rehabilitation measures provided by the Social Insurance Institution in Finland: a register linkage study. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2007; 39: Kivimäki M, Gunnell D, Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Pentti J, Marianna Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Klaukka T, Vahtera J. Social

15 Page: 15 / 56 inequalities in antidepressant treatment and mortality: a longitudinal register study. Psychological Medicine 2007; 37: Granö N, Keltikangas-Järvinen, L, Kouvonen A, Puttonen S, Virtanen M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Kivimäki M. Association of impulsivity with sleep duration and insomnia in an employee population. Personality and Individual Differences 2008; 15: Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Ferrie JE, Elovainio M, Honkonen T, Pentti J, Klaukka T, Vahtera J. Temporary employment and antidepressant medication: a register linkage study. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2008; 42: Virtanen M, Kivimäki M, Kouvonen A, Elovainio M, Linna A, Oksanen T, Vahtera J. Average household income, crime, and smoking behaviour in a local area: the 10-Town study. Social Science & Medicine 2007; 64: Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Virtanen M, Siegrist J. Effortreward imbalance, procedural injustice and relational injustice as psychosocial predictors of health: Complementary or redundant models? Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007; 64: Kivimäki M, Ferrie JE, Hagberg J, Head J, Westerlund H, Vahtera J, Alexanderson K. Diagnosis-specific sick leave as a risk marker for disability pension in a Swedish population. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2007; 61: Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Pentti J, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Hemingway H. Increased sickness absence among diabetic employees: What is the role of comorbid conditions? Diabetic Medicine 2007; 24: Elovainio M, Kivimäki M, Ek E, Vahtera J, Honkonen T, Taanila A, Veijola J, Järvelin M-R. Effect of pre-employment factors on job control, job strain and psychological distress: A 31-year longitudinal study. Social Science & Medicine 2007; 65: Granö N, Keltikangas-Järvinen, L, Kouvonen A, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. Impulsivity as a predictor of newly diagnosed depression. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 2007; 48: Virtanen M, Vahtera J, Pentti J, Honkonen T, Elovainio M, Kivimäki M. Job strain and psychological distress influence on sickness absence among Finnish employees. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2007; 33: Suominen S, Vahtera J, Korkeila K, Helenius H, Kivimäki M, koskenvuo M. Job strain, life events and sickness absence -

16 Page: 16 / 56 longitudinal cohort study in a random population sample. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2007; 49: Kivimäki M, Head J, Ferrie JE, Shipley MJ, Steptoe A, Vahtera J, Marmot MG. Hypertension is not the link between job strain and coronary heart disease in the Whitehall II Study. American Journal of Hypertension 2007; 20: Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Hublin C, Korkeila K, Suominen S, Paunio T, Koskenvuo M. Liability to Anxiety and Severe Life Events as Predictors of New-onset Sleep Disturbances. SLEEP 2007; 30: Ferrie JE, Head J, Shipley MJ, Vahtera J, Marmot MG, Kivimäki M. BMI, obesity, and sickness absence in the Whitehall II study. Obesity 2007; 15: Kivimäki M, Vanhala A, Pentti J, Länsisalmi H, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J. Team climate, intention to leave and turnover among hospital employees: prospective cohort study. BMC Health Services Research 2007; 7: Väänänen A, Kumpulainen R,. Kevin MV, Ala-Mursula L, Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Toivanen M, Linna A, Vahtera J. Work-family characteristics as determinants of sickness absence: a large-scale cohort study of three occupational grades. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2008; 13: Head J, Kivimäki M, Siegrist J, Ferrie JE, Vahtera J, Shipley MJ, Marmot MG. Effort-reward imbalance and relational injustice at work predict sickness absence: the Whitehall II study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2007; 63: Väänänen A, Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Pentti J Vahtera J. Social support, network heterogeneity and smoking behavior in women: The 10-Town Study. American Journal of Health Promotion 2008;22: Kivimäki M, Theorell T, Westerlund H, Vahtera J, Alfredsson L. Job strain and ischemic disease does the inclusion of older employees in the cohort dilute the association? The WOLF Stockholm Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2008; 62: Granö N, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Kivimäki M. Association of hostility with sleep duration and sleep disturbances in an employee population. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2008; 15: Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Elovainio M, Väänänen A, De Vogli R, Heponiemi T, Linna A, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Low organisational justice and heavy drinking: a prospective cohort study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008; 65:44-50.

17 Page: 17 / Ahola K, Kivimäki M, Honkonen T, Virtanen M, Koskinen S, Vahtera J, Lönnqvist J. Occupational burnout and medically certified sickness absence: a population-based study of Finnish employees. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2008; 64: Mäki K, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Kivimäki M. Work stress and new onset migraine in a female employee population. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: Virtanen M, Koskinen S, Kivimäki M, Honkonen T, Vahtera J, Ahola K, Lönnqvist J. Contribution of non-work and work-related risk factors to the association between income and mental disorders in a working population: the Health 2000 study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008; 65: Kivimäki M, Ferrie JE, Shipley MJ, Vahtera J, Singh-Manoux A, Marmot MG, Head J. Low medically-certified sickness absence among employees with poor health status predicts future health improvement: the Whitehall II study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008; 65: Suoyrjö H, Hinkka K, Oksanen T, Kivimäki M, Klaukka T, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Effects of multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation for chronic back or neck pain: A register-linkage study of sickness absences and analgesic purchases in an occupational cohort. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008; 65: Kivimäki M, Ferrie JE, Shipley M, Gimeno D, Elovainio M, de Vogli R, Vahtera J, Marmot MG, Head J. Effects on blood pressure do not explain the association between organizational justice and coronary heart disease in the Whitehall II Study. Psychosomatic Medicine 2008; 70: Oksanen T, Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Pentti J, Virtanen M, Linna A, Vahtera J. Social capital at work as a predictor of employee health: Multilevel evidence from work units in Finland. Social Science and Medicine 2008: 66: Kronholm E, Partonen T, Laatikainen T, Peltonen M, Härmä M, Hublin C, Kaprio J, Aro A, Partinen M, Fogelholm M, Valve R, Vahtera J, Oksanen T, Kivimäki M, Koskenvuo M, Sutela H. Trends in selfreported sleep duration and insomnia-related symptoms in Finland from 1972 to 2005: A comparative review and re-analysis of Finnish population samples. Journal of Sleep Research 2008; 17: Virtanen P, Oksanen T, Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Work stress and health in primary health care physicians and hospital physicians. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008; 65: Kouvonen A, Oksanen T, Vahtera J, Stafford M, Wilkinson R, Schneider J, Väänänen A, Virtanen M, Cox S, Pentti J, Elovainio M, Kivimäki M. Low workplace social capital as a predictor of depression:

18 Page: 18 / 56 the Finnish Public Sector study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2008; 167: Hintsa, T., Kivimäki, M., Elovainio, M., Vahtera J., Hintsanen, M., Viikari, J.S.A., Raitakari, O.T., & Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. Is the association between job strain and carotid intima-media thickness attributable to preemployment environmental and dispositional factors? The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns cohort study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008; 65: Väänänen A, Koskinen A, Joensuu M, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Kouvonen A, Jäppinen P. Lack of predictability at work and risk of acute myocardial infarction: an 18-year prospective study of industrial employees. American Journal of Public Health 2008; 98: Kivimäki M, Lawlor DA, Davey Smith G, Elovainio M, Jokela M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Vahtera J, Taittonen L, Juonala M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT. Association of age at menarche with cardiovascular risk factors, vascular structure and function in adulthood: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2008; 87: Virtanen P, Siukola A, Luukkaala T, Savinainen M, Arola H, Nygård C-H, Kivimäki M, Helenius H, Vahtera J. Sick leaves in four factories: do characteristics of the employees and the working conditions explain the differences in sickness absence between workplaces? Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 2008; 34: Liukkonen, Virtanen P, Kivimaki M, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Sense of coherence and attrition during four-year follow-up in cohorts of permanent and non-permanent Finnish employees. BMC Public Health 2008, 8: Mäki K, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Kivimäki M. Sickness absence among female employees with migraine and co-existing conditions. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: Kivimäki M, Head J, Ferrie JE, Singh-Manoux A, Westerlund H, Vahtera J, Leclerc A, Melchior M, Chevalier A, Alexanderson K, Zins M, Goldberg M. Sickness absence as a prognostic marker for common chronic conditions: Analysis of mortality in the GAZEL study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2008; 65: Virtanen P, Vahtera J, Broms U, Sillanmäki L, Kivimäki M, Koskenvuo M. Employment trajectory as a predictor of change in health related lifestyle: the prospective HeSSup study. European Journal of Public Health 2008; 18: Virtanen M, Pentti J, Vahtera J, Ferrie JE, Stansfeld SA, Helenius H, Elovainio M, Honkonen T, Terho K, Oksanen T, Kivimäki M. Overcrowding in Hospital Wards as a Predictor of Antidepressant

19 Page: 19 / 56 Treatment Among Staff. American Journal of Psychiatry 2008; 165: Kouvonen A, Oksanen T, Vahtera J, Väänänen A, De Vogli R, Elovainio M, Pentti J, Leka S, Cox T, Kivimäki M. Workplace social capital and smoking cessation: the Finnish Public Sector Study. Addiction 2008; 103: Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Virtanen M, Hintsanen M, Ferrie JE. What are the next steps for research on work stress and coronary heart disease? Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 2008; 6: Ferrie JE, Westerlund H, Virtanen M, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. Flexible labour markets and employee health. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 2008; 6: Väänänen A, Tordera N, Kivimäki M, Kouvonen A, Pentti J, Linna A, Vahtera J. The role of work group in individual sickness absence behavior. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 2008; 49: Nabi H, Vahtera J, Singh-Manoux A, Pentti J, Oksanen T, Gimeno D, Elovainio M, Virtanen M, Klaukka T, Kivimäki M. Do psychological attributes matter for adherence to antihypertensive medication? The Finnish Public Sector cohort study. Journal of Hypertension 2008; 26: Väänänen A,. Buunk AP, Kivimäki M, Vahtera J, Koskenvuo K. Change in reciprocity as a predictor of depressive symptoms: A prospective cohort study of Finnish women and men. Social Science and Medicine 2008; 67: Head J, Ferrie JE, Alexanderson K, Westerlund H, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. Diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a predictor of mortality in the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. British Medical Journal 2008; 337:a Vahtera J, Korkeila J, Karlsson H, Suoyrjö H, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Klaukka T, Kivimäki M. Sickness Absence Trends During and After Long-term Psychotherapy and Antidepressant Medication among Depressive Employees. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2009; 78: Virtanen M, Kurvinen T, Terho K, Oksanen T, Peltonen R, Vahtera J, Routamaa M, Elovainio M, Kivimäki M. Work hours, work stress, and collaboration among ward staff in relation to hospital-associated infection among patients. Medical Care 2009; 47: Suoyrjö H, Oksanen T, Hinkka K, Pentti J, Kivimäki M, Klaukka T, Vahtera J. A comparison of two multidisciplinary inpatient

20 Page: 20 / 56 rehabilitation programmes for fibromyalgia: a register linkage study on work disability. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2009; 41: Laine S, Gimeno D, Virtanen M, Oksanen T, Vahtera J, Elovainio M, Koskinen A, Pentti J, Kivimäki M. Job strain as a predictor of disability pension: the Finnish Public Sector Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2009; 63: Ferrie JE, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M, Westerlund H, Melchior M, Alexanderson K, Head J, Chevalier A, Leclerc A, Zins M, Goldberg M, Singh-Manoux A. Diagnosis-specific sickness absence and all-cause mortality in the GAZEL study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2009; 63: Nyberg A, Alfredsson L, Theorell T, Westerlund H, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. Managerial Leadership and Ischemic Heart Disease Among Employees: The Swedish WOLF Study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009; 66: Elovainio M, Ferrie JE, Singh-Manoux A, Gimeno D, De Vogli R, Shipley MJ, Vahtera J, Brunner E, Marmot M, Kivimäki M. Cumulative exposure to high strain and active jobs as predictors of cognitive function: The Whitehall II study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009; 66: Suoyrjö H, Oksanen T, Hinkka K, Kivimäki M, Klaukka T, Pentti J, Vahtera J. The effectiveness of vocationally oriented multidisciplinary intervention on sickness absence and early retirement among employees at risk: an observational study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;66: Melchior M, Ferrie JE, Alexanderson K, Goldberg M, Kivimaki K, Singh-Manoux A, Vahtera J, Westerlund H, Zins M, Head J. Using sickness absence records to predict future depression in a working population: prospective findings from the Gazel cohort. American Journal of Public Health 2009; 99: Väänänen A, Kouvonen A, Kivimäki M, Oksanen T, Elovainio M, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Workplace social capital and cooccurrence of lifestyle risk factors: Finnish Public Sector Study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2009;66: Elovainio M, Ferrie JE, Gimeno D, De Vogli R, Shipley M, Brunner E, Kumari M, Vahtera J, Marmot M, Kivimäki M. Organizational justice and sleeping problems: The Whitehall II study. Psychosomatic Medicine 2009;71: Virtanen M, Singh-Manoux A, Ferrie JE, Gimeno D, Marmot M, Elovainio M, Jokela M, Vahtera J, KivimäkiM. Long working hours and cognitive function: the Whitehall II study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2009; 169: