ICS ; Will supersede EN 15243:2007. English Version

Transcription

1 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM DRAFT pren November 2014 ICS ; Will supersede EN 15243:2007 English Version Energy performance of buildings - Part 13: Module M4-8 - Calculation of cooling systems - Generation Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Partie 13: Module M4-8 - Calcul des systèmes de refroidissement - Génération Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Teil 13: Module M4-8 - Berechnungsmethoden für Kälteanlagen - Erzeugung This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 156. If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation. Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. pren :2014 E

2 Contents Foreword...4 Introduction Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Symbols and abbreviations Symbols Subscripts Description of the methods General Output of the method Optional methods Method A Output data Calculation time steps Input data Source of data Product data System design data Operating conditions Constants and physical data Calculation procedure Applicable time step Operating conditions calculation Energy calculation Method B Output data Calculation time steps Input data Product data System design data Operating conditions Calculation procedure Applicable time step Operating conditions calculation Energy calculation Quality control Compliance check Annex A (normative) Template for input data and choices A.1 Method A A.1.1 Product description data A.1.2 Product technical data tables A.1.3 System design data A.2 Method B A.2.1 Product description data A.2.2 Product technical data Page 2

3 A.2.3 System design data Annex B (informative) Default input data B.1 Method A B.1.1 Product description data B.1.2 Product technical data tables B.1.3 System design data B.2 Method B B.2.1 Product description data B.2.2 Product technical data B.2.3 System design data Bibliography

4 Foreword This document (pren :2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156 Ventilation for buildings, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry. This document will supersede EN 15243:2007. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association 4

5 Introduction This European Standard is part of a package developed to support EPBD directive implementation, hereafter called "EPB standards". EPB standards deal with energy performance calculation and other related aspects (like system sizing) to provide the building services considered in the EPBD directive. TC 156 deals with ventilation and air conditioning systems in buildings. Subjects covered by TC 156 are: cooling load calculation energy performance calculation for ventilation, air conditioning, and cooling systems; inspection of ventilation and air conditioning systems; installation and commissioning of ventilation and air conditioning systems. This standard specifies a method to calculate the cooling generation of both compression and absorption type refrigeration plants. This standard extends EN 15243:2007, which was developed during the first EPBD mandate and was published in The extension for inclusion in the second mandate package was performed by CEN/TC 156 WG 21. The standard covers typically hourly time-step but can be adapted to different time steps accordingly with the scenarios used for energy used and energy delivered. 5

6 1 Scope The scope of this European Standard is: To define the procedure how the calculation methods to determine the temperatures, loads, energy demands for the cooling generation shall be utilised in the design process. To describe the calculation methods to determine the temperatures, loads, energy demands for cooling generation. To provide guidelines for the Member States for national implementations of this standard. This standard covers the cooling generation calculation of air conditioning systems. It takes into account the cooling generation system, which can consist of compression and absorption and other types of generators. It does not cover the cooling emission, distribution and storage, which are covered by pren , and pren , respectively. Table 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the EN EPB package of standards. 6

7 Table 1 Position of this standard within the EN EPB set of standards Overarching Building (as such) Technical Building Systems Descriptions Descriptions Descriptions Heating Cooling Ventilation Humidifi cation Dehumidification Domestic Hot water Lighting Building automation & control PV, wind,.. sub1 M1 sub1 M2 sub1 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 1 General 1 General 1 General 2 Common terms and definitions; symbols, units and subscripts 3 Applications 3 2 Building Energy Needs (Free) Indoor Conditions w ithout Systems 2 Needs 3 Maximum Load and Pow er 4 Ways to Express Energy Performance 4 Ways to Express Energy Performance 4 Ways to Express Energy Performance Building Functions and Building Boundaries Building Occupancy and Operating Conditions Aggregation of Energy Services and Energy Carriers Building Partitioning Calculated Energy Performance Measured Energy Performance Heat Transfer by Transmission Heat Transfer by Infiltration and Ventilation Internal Heat Gains Emission & control Distribution & control Storage & control 8 Solar Heat Gains 8 Generation & control 9 Load Building dispatching and Dynamics 9 operating (thermal mass) conditions Measured Measured 10 Energy 10 Energy Performance Performance 11 Inspection 11 Inspection 11 Inspection Ways to Express Indoor Comfort External Environment Conditions Economic Calculation BMS 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. pren15603:2015 Energy performance of buildings Overall energy use and definition of energy ratings 7

8 EN Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling EN Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, with electrically driven compressors, for space heating and cooling Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance pren : Energy performance of buildings Calculation methods for energy requirements Calculation methods for energy requirements of cooling systems general pren : Energy performance of buildings Calculation of cooling systems storage General pren YYYYY (M10-12): Building management systems 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345:1995 and pren 15603:2014 apply. 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Symbols For the purposes of this Standard, the symbols given in pren 15603:2013 and the specific symbols listed in Table 2 apply. Table 2 Symbols and units Symbol Name of quantity Unit EER energy efficiency ratio - F part-load factor -; % K part-load stage -; % P specific power kw/kw Ζ heat ratio Subscripts For the purposes of this European Standard, the subscripts given in pren 15603:2014, EN 12792:2003 and the specific subscripts listed in Table 3 apply. Table 3 Subscripts cvd covered n Nominal rej rejected evap evaporative op in operation wb wet-bulb hr heat rejection system PL part-load 8

9 5 Description of the methods 5.1 General The methods consider all the relevant parts of the refrigeration circuit with special emphasis on: Cooling generators (compression and absorption type) Heat rejection devices (wet, dry, and hybrid) Control schemes 5.2 Output of the method The methods cover the calculation of: The electrical energy (in case of compression type systems) and the heat (in case of absorption type systems) consumption for a requested cooling energy The thermal energy being available for heat recovery The auxiliary energy demand for cooling generation (e.g., power of heat rejection system (distribution and ventilation), control, sensors and actors) The time step of the output can be: annual monthly hourly according to the application of the standard. The system design options covered within this standard are illustrated in Figure 1 (its figure key is presented in Table 4). Table 4 Key of Figure 1 Symbol Meaning Symbol Meaning A driving component M desorber B condenser C expansion valve 1 basic thermodynamic circuit D evaporator 2 air-cooled condenser E cooling water pump 3 water-cooled condenser F cooling tower 3-1 dry heat rejection G chilled water pump 3-2 wet heat rejection H coldness emission (from chilled water) 3-3 hybrid heat rejection I coldness emission (from refrigerant) 4 compression type system J compressor 5 absorption type system K absorber 6 direct evaporation L solvent pump 7 indirect evaporation (i.e., chiller) 9

10 Figure 1: System design options covered within this standard (figure key in Table 4) 10

11 5.3 Optional methods There are alternative methods available, which comply with the above-mentioned criteria in some way. These are: Method A: hourly time step for compression chillers, absorption chillers and other (generic) generator types to be applied for new or existing systems with product data being available (e. g. part-load data according to EN 14825) Method B: hourly or monthly time step for chillers, (multi-)split, and VRF systems to be applied for existing systems with detailed part-load data being not available or method A being not applicable due to other reasons 6 Method A 6.1 Output data The output data of this method are listed in Table 5. Table 5 Output data of this method Name Symbol Unit Range Intended destination Varying Cooling generation electrical energy input E C,gen,el,in kwh 0... M1-9, M4-4 Yes Generation system auxiliary energy input W C;aux;gen kwh 0... M1-9, M4-4 Yes Absorption cooling generation heat input Q H;C;gen;abs;in kwh M4-4 Yes Cooling energy extracted by generation system Maximum cooling energy extracted by the generation system at the current time step Distribution inlet temperature from the cooling generation Required absorption cooling generation heat input required supply temperature of absorption generation heat input Recoverable heat of the cooling generation system Q C;gen;in kwh 0... M4-1 Yes Q C;gen;in;max kwh 0... M4-1 Yes ϑ C;gen;out C M4-1 Yes Q H;C;gen;abs;in;req kwh M3-1 Yes ϑ H;C;gen;abs;in;req C M3-1 Yes Q C;gen;out;rbl kwh M3-1 Yes Max. temperature level of recoverable heat ϑ C,gen;out;max C M3-1 Yes Required energy to be extracted by the Q C;gen;in;req kwh M10-12 Yes 11

12 generation system Number of generators n gen - M10-12 no Maximum heat extraction of generator j at the current time step 6.2 Calculation time steps Q C;gen;in;j;max kwh M10-12 Yes The method described in paragraph 6 is suitable for the following time step: Hourly Bin Dynamic effects are not taken into account. This procedure is suitable for dynamic simulations. 6.3 Input data Source of data Input data about products that are required for the calculation described in this standard shall be the data supplied by the manufacturer if they are declared according to relevant EN product standards. If no such data from the manufacturer is available or if the required data are not product data, default values are given in Annex A. Default informative data given in Annex A may be replaced by other data, for example nationally determined data. To ensure consistency with this calculation method, input data shall be presented according to the template given in normative Annex B. NOTE Compliance with the template given in annex B does not guarantee that the new data set is consistent Product data Product description data (qualitative) The product description data of cooling generation systems is given by GEN_TYPE: Generator type, see Table 6; Table 6 Identifiers for generator type Identifier COMP ABS OTHER Meaning Compression chiller Absorption chiller Any other generator type HEAT_REJ_TYPE: Heat rejection type, see Table 7. 12

13 Identifier AIR_C_COND DRY WET HYBRID OTHER Product technical data General Table 7 Identifiers for heat rejection type Air cooled condenser Heat rejection with dry operation Meaning Heat rejection with wet operation (sprayed air cooler, cooling tower) Heat rejection with dry or wet operation depending on conditions Other type of heat rejection (ground, ground water, surface water) The product data shall be the value declared by the manufacturer according to certified measurements performed according to the relevant product standards. If values declared by the manufacturer are not available, then default values are given in informative annex A. Declared values are given at standard reference test conditions. Declared values shall be adjusted according to actual operating conditions. This adjustment is part of the calculation procedure. This applies both to standard test values and to field test measurements. Required technical data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table 8. Characteristics Generator outlet temperature limit nominal thermal power extracted from chilled water circuit condensor cooling water/air inlet temperature at nominal conditions evaporator chilled water outlet temperature at nominal conditions Table 8 Product technical input data list Symbol Catalogue unit Computed Unit Validity interval Ref. Varying ϑ C;gen;out;lim C local No Φ C;gen;n - kw 0 local No ϑ cond;in;n - C 0 local No ϑ C;wat;evap;out;n - C 0 local No energy efficiency at full-load EER List EN No evaporator chilled water outlet temperature condensor cooling water/air inlet temperature ϑ C;wat;evap;out;1.0 C EN No ϑ cond;in;1.0 C EN No energy efficiency at full-load EER EN No evaporator chilled water outlet temperature condensor cooling water/air inlet temperature ϑ C;wat;evap;out;0.75 C EN No ϑ cond;in;0.75 C EN No energy efficiency at full-load EER EN No evaporator chilled water outlet temperature ϑ C;wat;evap;out;0.5 C EN No 13

14 Characteristics condensor cooling water/air inlet temperature Symbol Catalogue unit Computed Unit Validity interval Ref. Varying ϑ cond;in;0.5 C EN No energy efficiency at full-load EER EN No evaporator chilled water outlet temperature condensor cooling water/air inlet temperature ϑ C;wat;evap;out;0.25 C EN No ϑ cond;in;0.25 C EN No energy efficiency at full-load EER 5 - local No evaporator chilled water outlet temperature condensor cooling water/air inlet temperature specific electrical power demand of the heat rejection system in dry operation specific electrical power demand of the heat rejection system in wet operation specific electrical power demand of the heat rejection system type OTHER electric power consumption of control device i (sensors, actuators, controllers) ϑ C;wat;evap;out;5 C local No ϑ cond;in;5 C local No p hr;el;dry kw/kw local No p hr;el;wet kw/kw local No p hr;el;oth kw/kw local No P el;c;ctrl,i kw local No Default data are given in Annex B Compressor chiller characteristics The coefficients C 1, C2, C3, C4 used for the compression chiller part load behaviour calculation in equation (19) shall be obtained by solving the linear system of four equations: 14

15 C C C C C C + C C C C C C C 4 + C 4 + C 4 + C 4 = 273+ ϑ ϑc;wat;cond;in;1.0 = 273+ ϑ ϑ ϑ C;wat;cond;in;0.75 C;wat;cond;in; C;wat;evap;out;1.0 ϑ EER 0.75 C;wat;evap;out;0.75 ϑ EER = 273+ ϑ ϑc;wat;cond;in;0.5 ϑ EER = 273+ ϑ 0.5 C;wat;evap;out; W;evap;out;0.25 ϑ 0.5 ϑ C;wat;evap;out;1.0 EER 0.5 ϑ C;wat;evap;out; ϑ C;wat;evap;out; ϑ C;wat;evap;out;0.25 corr + ϑ corr corr + ϑ corr corr + ϑ corr + ϑ corr corr,,,. (1) with EER energy efficiency ratios from test measurements for the part load factors f 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; 1,0 according to EN C, PL { } ϑ C;wat;evap;out; ϑ C;wat;cond;in; C evaporator outlet temperatures corresponding to the EER values from test measurements according to EN C condenser inlet temperatures corresponding to the EER values from test measurements according to EN Assuming that the corrective temperature difference remains constant and equally distributed to the heat exchangers, it can be calculated based on a fifth measurement point (supplementary to those four required by EN 14825) at a part-load of f = 0. PL 5, but with the temperature of cooling water supplied to the condenser corresponding to ϑc;wat;cond; in of f = 1. PL 0 as: ϑ ϑ EER1.0 EER5 C;wat;cond;in;1.0 C,wat;cond;in;5. ϑ corr = + ϑ EER1.0 C;wat;evap; out 1 EER5 (2) with EER 5 - energy efficiency ratios at the 5 th measuring point; ϑ C;wat;evap;out;5 C evaporator outlet temperatures corresponding to the EER 5 value; ϑ C;wat;cond;in;5 C condenser inlet temperatures corresponding to the EER 5 value NOTE: provided. Alternatively the performance can be described by interpolation tabled values, if more detailed data are Absorption chiller characteristics The coefficients C 5, C6, C7 used for the absorption chiller characteristics shall be derived from measured performance data. 15

16 Other generator characteristics Any generator, the performance of which can be described by a performance map generated by interpolation of tabled values, can be covered in the calculation System design data Process design The process design data is given by FREE_COOL_OP: Free cooling operation possibility, see Table 9. Table 9 Identifiers for free cooling operation possibility Code Meaning YES Free cooling possibility available (chiller can be bypassed) No Free cooling not available The quantitative process design data is given in Table 10. Table 10 Quantitative process design data Characteristics Symbol Catalogue unit Computed Unit Validity interval Ref. Varying number of generators n gen local no wet heat rejection temperature limit ϑ lim;wet;hr C 0... local No free cooling operation temperature difference limit heat rejection operation temperature difference ϑ fc ϑ hr C local No C local No Default data, where appropriate, are given in Annex B Control The process control options are defined given by HEAT_REJ_CTRL: Control of the hybrid heat rejection, see Table 11. Table 11 Identifiers for HEAT_REJ_CTRL Code TEMP MAX_POWER Meaning Switch between dry and wet operation at a fixed outside air temperature Switch between dry and wet operation when chiller max. power at dry operation exceeded Default data are given in Annex B. 16

17 6.3.4 Operating conditions Required operating conditions data for this calculation procedure are listed in Table

18 Table 12 Operating conditions data list Name Symbol Unit Range Origin Module Varying Calculation time interval t c,i h M1-9 No Ambient air temperature ϑ e C M1-13 Yes Ambient air wet-bulb temperature ϑ e,wb C M1-13 Yes Required cooling energy to be extracted by the generation system Q C;gen;in;req Required generation outlet temperature ϑ C;gen;out;req C kwh M4-1/ M4-7 M4-1/ M4-7 Recovered heat of the cooling generation system Q C;gen;out;rd kwh M3-1 Yes Absorption cooling generation heat input Q H;C;gen;abs;in kwh M3-1 Yes Supply temperature of absorption generation heat input ϑ H;C;gen;abs;in C M3-1 Yes Priority for operation of generator j p - M10-12 Yes Sink temperature for generator type OTHER ϑ sk C local Yes Cooling operation factor f op;c - local Yes Operation factor of the control devices f op;ctrl - local yes Yes Yes Constants and physical data Constants and physical data are listed in Table 13. Table 13 Constants and physical data Name Symbol Unit Value Water specific heat c w J/(kg K) Calculation procedure Applicable time step This procedure can be used with the following time steps: Hourly Bin Dynamic effects are not taken into account. This procedure is suitable for dynamic simulations. 18

19 6.4.2 Operating conditions calculation General The evaporator water outlet temperature for chiller type generators at the current time step is ϑ C,wat;evap;out = max(ϑ C;gen;out;req ; ϑ C;wat;evap;out;lim ) (3) The generation outlet temperature really delivered at the current time step is ϑ C;gen;out = max(ϑ C;gen;out;req ; ϑ C;gen;out;lim ) (4) In case of compression or absorption chillers, the evaporator outlet water temperature is If GEN_TYPE = COMP or ABS ϑ C;wat;evap;out = ϑ C;gen;out (5) Free cooling operation The operation factor for free cooling mode (direct cooling via heat rejection device) at the current time step is If FREE_COOL_OP = NO then f op;fc = 0 (6a) else if HEAT_REJ_TYPE = DRY If (ϑ C;gen;out;req - ϑ e ) > ϑ fc f op;fc = 1 else f op;fc = 0 (6b) else if HEAT_REJ_TYPE = WET or HYBRID If (ϑ C;gen;out;req - ϑ e;wb ) > ϑ fc else f op;fc = 1 f op;fc = 0 (6c) else If (ϑ C;gen;out;req - ϑ sk ) > ϑ fc f op;fc = 1 19

20 else f op;fc = 0 (6d) with ϑ e C outdoor air temperature at the current time step; ϑ e;wb C outdoor air wet bulb temperature at the current time step; ϑ fc K free cooling operation temperature difference limit. ϑ sk C sink temperature of the rejection type OTHER Multiple generator operation The maximum energy possibly extracted by the generation system at the current time step is QC; gen;in;max = QC;gen; j;in; max (7) j The maximum heat extraction of generator j at the current time step is If GEN_TYPE = COMP else if GEN_TYPE = ABS ϑ cond;in C;wat;evap;out corr Q gen; j;in;max = Φ C; C;gen; j;n tci ϑ 5 (8a) C;wat;evap;out;n 0. ϑcorr ϑ ϑ cond;in;n C;wat;evap;out ϑ ϑ C;wat;evap;out;n 0.5 ϑ + ϑ corr + ϑ corr Q C;gen;j;in;max = Φ C;gen;j;n t ci C5 ζ + C6 ζ c + C7 C ζ + C ζ + C 5 2 c 2 c; n 6 c; n 7 (8b) else Q t ci f C; gen; j;in;max ΦC;gen; j;n ( ϑ ; ϑ ) = (8c) C; gen; out; req sk with Q C;gen;j;in;n kw nominal cooling heat extraction of generator j; ϑ C;wat;evap;out;n C evaporator water outlet temperature at nominal conditions; ϑ cond;in C condenser water inlet temperature at the current time step; ϑ cond;in;n C condenser water inlet temperature at nominal conditions; ζ c;n - Carnot heat ratio at nominal conditions, calculated according to equation (22); 20

21 f(ϑ C;gen;out;req ; ϑ sk ) - function to describe the maximum heat extraction of generator type OTHER depending on the required generation outlet temperature and the sink temperature; The energy to be extracted by the generator with priority p (for p = 1..n gen ) at the current time step is If > p-1 Q then C; gen;in;req QC;gen;j;in;max j= 1 p-1 C; gen;p;in = QC;gen;in;req QC;gen; j;in;max j= 1 Q (9a) Q C; gen;1..(p-1);in fop; C QC;gen;1..(p-1);in;max = (10a) else with p - priority of generator j Q 0 (9b) C; gen;p;in = p-2 Q C; gen;p-1;in = max 0 ; QC;gen;in;req QC;gen; j;in;max (10b) j= 1 n gen - number of generators The part-load factor of generator j at the current time step is defined as Q C,gen, j; in f C,PL, j = (11) QC,gen, j; in;max Heat rejection operation The operation parameters of the heat rejection device at the current time step are. If HEAT_REJ_TYPE = A_C_COND f op;hr;wet = 0 ϑ W;cond;in = ϑ e (12a) (13a) else if HEAT_REJ_TYPE = DRY f op;hr;wet = 0 (12b) 21

22 ϑ W;cond;in = ϑ e + ϑ hr + ϑ ls;dis;hr (13b) else if HEAT_REJ_TYPE = WET f op;hr;wet = 1 ϑ W;cond;in = ϑ e;wb + ϑ hr + ϑ ls;dis;hr (12c) (13c) else if HEAT_REJ_TYPE = HYBRID If HEAT_REJ_CTRL = TEMP If ϑ e > ϑ lim;wet;hr f op;hr;wet = 1 ϑ W;cond;in = ϑ e;wb + ϑ hr + ϑ ls;dis;hr (12d) (13d) else f op;hr;wet = 0 ϑ W;cond;in = ϑ e + ϑ hr + ϑ ls;dis;hr (12e) (13e) else if HEAT_REJ_CTRL = MAX_POWER If Q n C; dis;out;req > Qgen;j;in;max;dry j= 1 f op;hr;wet = 1 ϑ W;cond;in = ϑ e;wb + ϑ hr + ϑ ls;dis;hr (12f) (13f) else f op;hr;wet = 0 ϑ W;cond;in = ϑ e + ϑ hr + ϑ ls;dis;hr (12g) (13g) else f op;hr;wet = 0 ϑ W;cond;in = ϑ sk (12h) (13h) with ϑ hr K heat rejection operation temperature difference; ϑ ls;dis;hr; K temperature difference due to the heat losses in the heat rejection circuit, calculated according to the module M4-6 standard; ϑ lim;wet;hr C wet heat rejection operation limit temperature; Q gen,j;in;max;dry kw maximum generator heat extraction at the current time step, calculated according to equation (2) under dry heat rejection conditions. The factor for dry heat rejection operation is 22

23 f op;hr;dry = (1 - f op;hr;wet ) (14) Energy calculation General The heat extracted by the cooling generation system at the current time step is Q = ( 1 fop fc ) Q j in + ( fop fc ) Q in + fop fc Q + Q in ζ (15) ; C;gen;cpr; ; ; C;gen;oth;l; ; C;dis;out;req H;C;gen;abs;k; k j l k C; gen;in fop; C 1 with f op;c - cooling operation factor QC; gen;cpr; j;in kw Heat extracted by the compression chiller j at the current time step; QH; C;gen;abs; k;in kw Heat input to the absorption chiller k at the current time step; QC; gen;oth; l;in kw Heat extracted by the other generation type l at the current time step. The total heat potentially recoverable or to be rejected at the current time step is QC; gen;out = EC,gen,el, + QH;C;gen;abs; in + fop; C 1 Q req i ( fop; fc ) QC,gen, i; in + fop; fc C;dis;out; in (16) The heat potentially recoverable at the current time step is = E + Q + ( fop; fc ) Q gen;out;rbl C,gen,el, in H;C;gen;abs; in op; C C,gen, i; in i f C; 1 (17) Q Compression chiller The required electrical energy for the compression chillers 1..n at the current time step is: E = f n ( fop; fc ) Q C,gen, j; in C,gen, el, in op; C 1 (18) j= 1 EER j The energy efficiency ratio for generator j at the current time step is EER i = 273+ ϑ ϑ cond,in C; wat;evap,out 0. 5 ϑ C;wat;evap;out ϑ + ϑ corr;j corr;j 3 2 ( C f + C f + C f + C ) 1; j C,PL, j 2; j C,PL, j 3; j C,PL, j 4; j (19) with 23

24 C, C - coefficients of the generator j, calculated according to equation (2). 1; j C2;j, C3;j, 4;j Absorption chiller The required heat input for the absorption chillers 1..n at the current time step is: Q H;C;gen;abs; in; req = n k= 1 Q C;gen;abs; k; in ζ k (20) The heat ratio for generator k at the current time step is ζ = ζ (21) k 2 C 5 ; k ζ c + C6: k c + C7; k The Carnot heat ratio at the current time step is with ζ = ( 273+ ϑc;wat;evap;out )( ϑh;c;gen;abs;in ϑcond;in ) ( 273+ ϑ )( ϑ ϑ ) c (22) H;C;gen;abs;in cond;in C;wat;evap;out ϑ H;C;gen;abs;in C temperature of heating water supplied to the generator at the current time step. C, C C - coefficients of the generator k, calculated according to clause ; k 6;k, 7;k Other generator types The required electrical energy for the generators 1..n of type OTHER at the current time step is: E C,gen, el, in n = fop; C QC,gen, l; in fl ( ϑc ; gen; out; ϑsk ; fc; PL; l ) (23) l= 1 with f l (ϑ C;wat;gen;out ; ϑ sk;l ; f C;PL;l ) - function to describe the heat extraction of generator l type OTHER, depending on the generation outlet temperature, the sink temperature and the part load ratio of generator l. NOTE: The function may be a constant or a function of only a part of the indicated parameters, e.g. a constant pump energy consumption for a heat sink like ground, ground water or surface water Auxiliary energy The auxiliary electrical energy demand at the current time step is W = + (24) C; aux;gen Whr + Wdis;hr Wctrl 24

25 with W dis;hr kw auxiliary energy for the circulation pump of the heat rejection circuit, calculated according to the module M4-6 standard; The auxiliary electrical energy demand for the heat rejection is calculated by W hr hr ( f p + f p + f p ) = Q (25) op; hr; dry hr,el;dry op; hr; wet hr,el;wet op; hr; dry hr,el;oth with p hr;el;dry p hr;el;wet p hr;el;oth kw/kw specific electrical power demand of the heat rejection system in dry operation; kw/kw specific electrical power demand of the heat rejection system in wet operation. kw/kw specific electrical power demand of the heat rejection type OTHER. Default values are given in Annex B. The heat input to the rejection system at the current time step is Q hr QC;gen; out QC;gen; out;rd + QC; ls; dis; hr = (26) with Q kw generation heat recovered at the current time step; C; gen; out;rd Q C ls; dis; hr ; kw heat losses of the heat rejection circuit at the current time step, calculated according to the module M4-6 standard. The auxiliary energy consumption of the control components at the current time step is: = f t W C; ctrl Pel; C; ctrl, i op; ctrl ci (27) i with P el;c;ctrl,i kw electric power consumption of the control device i (sensors, actuators, controllers) f op;ctrl - operation factor of the control devices 25