Sore throat. Infection. Fungi: Viruses: Bacteria:

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1 Sore throat Infection Infection is an illness that is caused by germs or micro-organisms (tiny organisms) that invade the body. Micro-organisms include the like of viruses, bacteria and fungi.1 Bacteria: Viruses: Fungi: Normally the immune system protects the body from infection with the result that invading microbes or micro-organisms are destroyed before they can multiply in sufficient numbers to cause disease.1

2 Throat infections Pharyngitis: 2 Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the throat or pharynx that is usually caused by a virus but is also commonly caused by bacteria. Sore throat Discomfort when swallowing Earache Fever Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck Anti-inflammatory analgesics Throat lozenges, throat gargles Antibiotics if bacterial infection is suspected Tonsillitis: 2 Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils that occurs as a result of infection. Swollen, bloodshot tonsils Sore throat Difficulty in swallowing Earache Fever Headache Tender lymph nodes in the neck Bad breath Treatment is the same as for pharyngitis sore throat

3 Streptococcal throat: 3 Laryngitis 2 Strep. throat is an infection of the pharynx or tonsils caused by a type of bacteria called Streptococcus pyogenes. Symptoms include: Sore throat without runny nose or congestion (these symptoms are more likely to occur with viral pharyngitis) White patches on the tonsils Swollen lymph nodes in the neck Fever with temperature greater than 38 C infection Tonsillitis streptococcal Sore throats laryngitis pain inflammation Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx or voice box that may be acute lasting only a few days or chronic, where it persists for a long time. Unnatural change of voice, hoarseness or loss of voice Throat pain or discomfort Dry irritating cough Laryngitis that occurs as a result of a viral infection is often accompanied by fever and a general feeling of illness Resting the voice Antibiotic if caused by bacteria Throat lozenges or gargle if sore throat present Anti-inflammatory analgesic Normal vocal cords Inflamed vocal cords Vocal cords

4 Management of sore throat Pain relief is the primary factor that a customer or patient with a sore throat seeks help for. Benzydamine Anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties Benzydamine is a local anti-inflammatory painkiller 4,5 Benzydamine reduces prostaglandin synthesis 5 Anaesthetic activity 6 Rapidly and effectively anaesthetizes the oral cavity for at least 90 minutes infection Tonsillitis streptococcal Sore throats laryngitis pain inflammation

5 Pain relief Benzydamine Anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties Benzydamine is a local anti-inflammatory painkiller 4,5 Benzydamine reduces prostaglandin synthesis 5 Anaesthetic activity 6 Rapidly and effectively anaesthetizes the oral cavity for at least 90 minutes Analgesic Andolex contains benzydamine, helps reduce swelling and pain caused by inflammation 4,5 Antiseptic agents Definition: 7 An antiseptic is an agent that inhibits the growth of micro-organisms such as viruses, bacteria and fungi. Antiseptics like chlorhexidine gluconate and cetylpyridinium chloride are added to some throat products. Andolex-C for pain relief associated with minor oral infections Andolex-C contains: chlorhexidine gluconate, has antiseptic and disinfectant properties and helps reduce the development of plaque. Andolex-C Gel and Lozenges contain: cetylpyridinium chloride as a quarternary pyridinium antiseptic with bactericidal and fungicidal activity. References: 1. Henry JA. British Medical Association New Guide to Medicines & Drugs 7 th ed. London(UK) Dorling Kindersley;2007; p Peters M. British Medical Association A-Z Family Medical Encyclopedia 5 th ed. London(UK):Dorling Kindersley;2008; p. 343,458-9, 604,664, Barclay L. Management of Streptococcal Pharyngitis Reviewed Medscape Medical News March Available from URL: (Accessed ). 4. Quane PA et al. Pharmacology of benzydamine.inflammopharmacology 1998;6: Modeer T et al. Benzydamine reduces prostaglandin production in human gingival fibroblasts challenged with interleukin-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor alpha. Acta Odontol Scand 1999 Feb;57(1): Simard-Savoie S et al. Topical anaesthetic activity of benzydamine. Curr Ther Res 1978;23(6); Farlex. Antiseptic. The Free Dictionary Available from URL: (Accessed ). 8. Nguyen DH, et al. Common Dental Infections in the Primary Care Setting. Am fam Physician. 2008;77(5): Scheduling status: S1 Proprietary name (and dosage form): ANDOLEX-C Oral Rinse Composition: Each 15 ml contains: Benzydamine HCl 22.5 mg, Chlorhexidine gluconate 18 mg, Alcohol 9% v/v. Registration number: 31/16.4/0143 [Act 101/1965]. Scheduling status: S1 Proprietary name (and dosage form): ANDOLEX-C LOZENGES HONEY LEMON Composition: Each lozenge contains: Benzydamine HCl 3.00 mg, Cetylpyridinium chloride 1.33 mg Registration number: 35/16.4/0320 [Act 101/1965]. S1 Proprietary name (and dosage form): ANDOLEX-C LOZENGES ORANGE Composition: Each lozenge contains: Benzydamine HCl 3.00 mg, Cetylpyridinium chloride 1.33 mg Registration number: 36/16.4/0195 [Act 101/1965]. S1 Proprietary name (and dosage form): ANDOLEX-C LOZENGES EUCALYPTUS MENTHOL Composition: Each lozenge contains: Benzydamine HCl 3.00 mg, Cetylpyridinium chloride 1.33 mg Registration number: 33/16.4/0374 [Act 101/1965]. S1 Proprietary name (and dosage form): ANDOLEX-C LOZENGES Composition: Each lozenge contains: Benzydamine HCl 3.00 mg, Cetylpyridinium chloride 1.33 mg Registration number: 31/16.4/0042 [Act 101/1965]. S1 Proprietary name (and dosage form): ANDOLEX LOZENGES Composition: Each lozenge contains: Benzydamine HCl 3.00 mg Registration number: 31/16/0239 (Act 101/1965) Scheduling status: S1 Proprietary name (and dosage form): ANDOLEX Solution Composition: Each 15 ml contains: Benzydamine HCl 22.5 mg. Preservative: Methyl hydroxybenzoate 0.1%m/v. Contains alcohol 10% v/v. Registration number: Z/16/40 [Act 101/1965]. Scheduling status: S1 Proprietary name (and dosage form): ANDOLEX-C ORAL GEL Composition: Benzydamine HCl 10 mg/g, Cetylpyridinium chloride 1 mg/g. Registration number: 33/16.4/0285 (Act 101/1965) H516 (Act 101/1965). Name and business address of applicant: inova Pharmaceuticals (Pty) Ltd. Co. Reg. No. 1952/001640/07, 15e Riley Road, Bedfordview Tel.: For full prescribing information, refer to the package insert. Further information is available on request from inova Pharmaceuticals. IN543/11