IPM FOR SELECT DECIDUOUS TREES IN SOUTHEASTERN US NURSERY PRODUCTION EDS. AMY F. FULCHER AND SARAH A. WHITE

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1 IPM FOR SELECT DECIDUOUS TREES IN SOUTHEASTERN US NURSERY PRODUCTION EDS. AMY F. FULCHER AND SARAH A. WHITE

2 IPM for Select Deciduous Trees in Southeastern US Nursery Production

3 IPM for Select Deciduous Trees in Southeastern US Nursery Production Managing Editors Amy F. Fulcher, University of Tennessee, and Sarah A. White, Clemson University Technical Editors Steve D. Frank Frank A. Hale William E. Klingeman Copy Editors Justin West Andrea Menendez Published by the Southern Nursery IPM working group, Knoxville, TN in cooperation with the Southern Region IPM Center. April 2012, First Printing June 2012, Second Printing

4 Copyright Information SNIPM Working Group 2012 All text content is the property of the Southern Nursery Integrated Pest Management Working Group and its individual members and guest authors. All photographs are the property of individual photographers and may not be reproduced. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of this material is prohibited. All rights reserved. Disclaimer This book was developed for nursery producers. Landscapers, students, arborists, and others may find the book useful; however, all readers should exercise caution in applying pesticides mentioned in this book. Pesticides listed in this book may not be legal to use in all situations or locations. In addition, while every effort will be made to keep the book up to date, label changes may occur between editions. The label is the law. It is the pesticide user s responsibility to read and follow the label. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this book is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement. Acknowledgment The authors express gratitude to the Southern Region Integrated Pest Management Center for financial support and the Bugwood Network and its contributors for the use of pest images. Check the Southern Nursery IPM Working Group website for the current edition and updates and ebook vendors. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: Cover Image: Sarah A. White 2012

5 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Overview of IPM in Flowering & Ornamental Shade Trees... Page 15 Chapter 2: Container Production... Page 29 Chapter 3: Field Production... Page 39 Chapter 4: Birch - Betula spp... Page 55 Chapter 5: Cherry - Prunus spp... Page 79 Chapter 6: Crapemyrtle - Lagerstroemia spp... Page 109 Chapter 7: Dogwood - Cornus spp... Page 137 Chapter 8: Chinese Elm - Ulmus parvifolia... Page 159 Chapter 9: Magnolia - Magnolia spp... Page 181 Chapter 10: Maple - Acer spp... Page 211 Chapter 11: Oak - Quercus spp... Page 259 Chapter 12: Redbud - Cercis spp... Page 287 Chapter 13: Weed & Ground Cover Management in Field Nursery Production... Page 311

6 Preface

7 Preface Creating IPM for Select Deciduous Trees in Southeastern US Nursery Production was a project of the Southern Nursery Integrated Pest Management Working Group (SNIPM). The members of SNIPM gratefully acknowledge the Southern Region IPM Center in Raleigh, NC for partial support of this book. The authors are indebted to the Green Industry professionals who have served as an advisory board to SNIPM [Greg Ammon (Ammon Wholesale Nursery, KY), Jerry and Beth Blankenship (Blankenship Farms and Little Creek Nursery, TN), Pat Carey (Riverfarm Nursery, KY), Mark Gantt (Hefner's Nursery, NC), Elliott Hallum (Mountain Creek Nursery, TN), Chris Ingle (Envirocare Landscape Management, Inc., SC), Tommy and Sharon King (King s Sunset Nursery, Inc., SC), John McMakin, Jr. and Sr. (McMakin Farms, Inc., SC), Phillip Porter (Ray Bracken Nursery, SC), Ben Sanders (Griffith Propagation Nursery, Inc., GA), and Tiffany Wells (Adcock's Nursery, NC)]. The growers and landscapers serving on this board have selflessly given their time, critical appraisal, and trust in the interest of strengthening the nursery industry in the southern United States. Growers from this advisory board as well as others provided valuable feedback on the most significant trees and pests on which to focus this book. The authors and editors also express their appreciation to the guest authors and to those who provided images. The SNIPM Working Group is a multi-disciplinary group of Extension professionals that formed in 2008 in response to the elimination of state-designated IPM funding. It was formed to more efficiently and effectively develop and deliver educational programming to the southern U.S. nursery industry and the Extension personnel who serve the industry, as well as to better leverage competitive funding opportunities for applied nursery research and Extension initiatives. More information about SNIPM and its projects and accomplishments can be found at A first-of-its-kind mobile device app for the Green Industry, IPMPro was also created and released by SNIPM in IPMPro makes in-the-field decision-making for pest control and cultural practices easier for you and your employees! With a suite of features including locationspecific, real-time alerts for emerging pests and timely cultural practices, in-field pesticide record keeping, images, recommendations, and more. IPMPro is your expert in the field! More information about IPMPro can be found at IPMProApp.com. Created'by'''''''''''''''''with'Clemson,'NCSU,'UGA,'UK,'UMD,'VPI' Created'by'''''''''''''''''with'Clemson,'NCSU,'UGA,'UK,'UMD,'VPI'

8 Contributing Authors Craig R. Adkins NCSU Cooperative Extension Agricultural Resource Center 120 Hospital Avenue NE/Suite 1 Lenoir, NC craig_adkins@ncsu.edu Jeffrey F. Derr Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, & Weed Science Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center 1444 Diamond Springs Road Virginia Beach, VA jderr@vt.edu Amy F. Fulcher University of Tennessee Department of Plant Sciences 252 Ellington Plant Sciences Bldg Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville, TN afulcher@utk.edu S. Kris Braman University of Georgia Department of Entomology 1109 Experiment Street Griffin, GA kbraman@uga.edu Matthew R. Chappell University of Georgia Horticulture Department 211 Hoke Smith Building Athens, GA hortprod@uga.edu Juang-Horng (JC) Chong Clemson University School of Agricultural, Forest, and Environmental Sciences Pee Dee Research and Education Center 2200 Pocket Road Florence, SC juanghc@clemson.edu Winston C. Dunwell University of Kentucky UK Research & Education Center Nursery Crops Development Center P.O. Box Hopkinsville Street Princeton, KY wdunwell@uky.edu Steven D. Frank Department of Entomology 3318 Gardner Hall, Box 7613 Raleigh, NC steven_frank@ncsu.edu Frank A. Hale University of Tennessee Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Soil, Plant and Pest Center 5201 Marchant Drive Nashville, TN fahale@utk.edu William E. Klingeman University of Tennessee Department of Plant Sciences 252 Ellington Plant Sciences Bldg Joe Johnson Drive Knoxville, TN wklingem@utk.edu xi

9 Gary W. Knox University of Florida Department of Environmental Horticulture North Florida Research & Education Center 155 Research Road Quincy, FL Anthony V. LeBude Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center 455 Research Drive, NC Mathews L. Paret University of Florida Plant Diagnostics Clinic North Florida Research & Education Center 155 Research Road Quincy, FL Joseph C. Neal Department of Horticultural Science 262 Kilgore Hall, Box 7609 Raleigh, NC Nicole A. Ward University of Kentucky Department of Plant Pathology 203 Plant Science Building Lexington, KY Sarah A. White Clemson University School of Agricultural, Forest, & Environmental Sciences E-143 Poole Agricultural Center Box Clemson, SC Jean L. Williams-Woodward University of Georgia Department of Plant Pathology 3313 Miller Plant Sciences Building Athens, GA Alan S. Windham University of Tennessee Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology 5201 Marchant Drive Nashville, TN Guest Author Jill R. Sidebottom Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center 455 Research Drive, Mills River, NC xii