Hewlett-Packard HP-UX 11i Operating System

Transcription

1 Mary I. Hubley, Cynthia R. Lubrano Product Report 15 September 2003 Hewlett-Packard HP-UX 11i Operating System Summary HP-UX 11i is a Unix operating system for PA-RISC and Intel Itanium 2 architectures. It is available for technical and commercial computing in four operating environments, each tailored to different requirements. Note Hewlett-Packard released HP-UX 11i version 2 for the Intel Itanium architecture on 19 May It can scale to 64 processors and is fully compatible with the Precision Architecture Reduced Instruction Set Computer (PA-RISC) edition of HP-UX on Intel. Table of Contents Overview Analysis Pricing Competitors Strengths Limitations Insight List Of Tables Table 1: HP-UX 11i Environments: Components Table 2: Features and Functions: HP-UX 11i Table 3: Per-Processor Licensing for HP-UX Operating Environments for all HP-UX Servers Gartner Reproduction of this publication in any form without prior written permission is forbidden. The information contained herein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. Gartner disclaims all warranties as to the accuracy, completeness or adequacy of such information. Gartner shall have no liability for errors, omissions or inadequacies in the information contained herein or for interpretations thereof. The reader assumes sole responsibility for the selection of these materials to achieve its intended results. The opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice.

2 Corporate Headquarters Hewlett-Packard 3000 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA , U.S.A. Tel: Fax: Overview HP-UX 11i is a highly available and reliable, secure, and scalable Unix operating system that is used to run mission-critical applications in both commercial and technical markets. Hewlett-Packard s (HP) HP-UX 11i is used for batch processing, decision support, electronic commerce, enterprisewide application serving, file serving, and Internet and intranet access. It is further used for online transaction processing (OLTP) and technical computer-intensive applications. HP-UX has traditionally been optimized for HP s PA-RISC Unix server systems, and although the vendor still supports this platform, its focus is increasingly toward the Intel Itanium-based Processor Family (IPF). In May 2003, HP issued HP-UX 11i version 2 (HP-UX v.2), its third HP-UX release for the IPF. HP and Intel jointly developed the Intel Itanium processor architecture. With the release of HP-UX 11i v.2, both the PA-RISC and Itanium editions are functionally similar. HP-UX 11i is packaged into four operating environments designed to ease ordering, installation, license management and support. Each environment is tailored to different computing needs: HP-UX 11i Internet OE This is the base HP-UX operating system, designed to run content delivery, front-end and Web servers. It includes other software products for Web environments, including manageability and interoperability tools for Internet and mixed-os environments. The OE also includes application development tools, such as HP-optimized HP-UX Java tools (that is, HP JVM, HPjtune, HPjmeter and HPjconfig). These tools are tuned and optimized for heightened HP-UX Java performance. The platform also provides open-source tools and Linux application programming interfaces (APIs) to enable Linux applications development for HP-UX deployment. It also provides open-source development and deployment tools for Java and Linux APIs and Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) servers. HP-UX 11i Enterprise OE Includes the components of HP-UX 11i Internet OE, but is tuned for database application servers and logic servers. It has more granularity of system control and management; tools for consistent performance and response time under heavy loads; and features for monitoring, high-availability and data backup. HP-UX 11i Mission-Critical OE Geared to powerful back-end, big-iron application servers and large, corporate database servers. It is for demanding computing tasks, requiring maximum system uptime and the best use of server resources. This environment features continuous availability, which includes HP-UX 11i Enterprise OE along with added components, such as workload management software and application specific toolkits. The Mission-Critical OE provides the key products that comprise HP s Virtual Server Environment (VSE). VSE provides the capability to use all system resources where and when they are needed based on service-level objectives and business priorities. 15 September

3 HP-UX 11i Technical OE Aimed at compute-intensive, technical workstation and server applications. It includes most of HP-UX 11i Internet OE and additional file system administration tools. 15 September

4 Table 1: HP-UX 11i Environments: Components HP-UX 11i Internet OE HP-UX 11i Enterprise OE HP-UX 11i Mission-Critical OE HP-UX 11i Technical OE 15 September

5 Table 1: HP-UX 11i Environments: Components HP-UX 11i Internet OE HP-UX 11i Enterprise OE HP-UX 11i Mission-Critical OE HP-UX 11i Technical OE Network Includes all Includes all components in HPdrivers components in UX 11i Base and Enterprise HP Web HP-UX 11i HP MC/ServiceGuard Server Suite Internet OE HP-UX Workload Manager including Online ServiceGuard NFS Toolkit Apache Journaled File Enterprise Cluster Online JFS System (JFS) Management (ECM) toolkit 3.3 Mirrordisk/UX Mirror Open disk/ux Source tools Process and Linux Resource APIs Manager Process (PRM) Resource Manager ServiceGuard Ignite-UX Network File Event System (NFS) Monitoring toolkit Services HP-UX (EMS) Workload EMS High- Manager Availability Enterprise (HA) monitors Cluster Master GlancePlus Pak OpenView HP-UX Java tools: HP-UX Java Runtime Environment (RTE), HP-UX Java Software Development Kit (JDK) HPjtune and with HPjmeter HP-UX Java Plug-In (JPI) Common Internet File System (CIFS) client CIFS server Singlesystem event and availability management Service System Inventory Manager Network drivers EMS framework Software distributor/ux Base Veritas Volume Manager for HP-UX Ignite-UX Java RTE, JDK and JPI Netscape Directory Server Practical Extraction Report Language (PERL) Message-Passing Interface (MPI) Mathematical Software Library (MLIB) HP Apache Web Server CIFS client CIFS server HP-UX Java tools: HP-UX Java RTEwithHPJavaVirtual Machine (JVM), HP-UX Java Software Development Kit (SDK) with HPjtune and HPjmeter, and HP-UX Java Plug-In (JPI), HP-UX Java 3-D PAM Kerberos Technical System Configurator Netscape Communicator 15 September

6 Table 1: HP-UX 11i Environments: Components HP-UX 11i Internet OE HP-UX 11i Enterprise OE HP-UX 11i Mission-Critical OE HP-UX 11i Technical OE Source: Hewlett-Packard. The release of HP-UX 11i v.2 marks the first time that HP-UX runs identically on both IPF and PA-RISC platforms. With source code compatibility, these platforms offer common tools and infrastructures to develop, deploy and manage multiplatform HP-UX, Windows and Linux environments. HP partnered with Intel to design the IPF and has made HP-UX 11i available since June 2001 on all its hardware platforms supporting the Itanium architecture. HP-UX 11i version 2 is available in all four of HP s HP-UX 11i operating environments. It includes such new features as 64-way Intel Itanium processor scalability; multithreading for higher performance with Java-based applications; support for up to 1 terabyte of main memory; and multi-os system management tools to support HP-UX 11i, Linux and Windows running in separate hard partitions. It also offers two new security installation tools for the securing of HP-UX 11i servers: HP-UX Bastille 2.0 and the HP install-time security tool. HP-UX 11i version 2 offers several new and enhanced facilities: The new graphical, Web-based Partition Manager The updated HP-UX Workload Manager 2.1 with improved tracking of resources and clustering virtualization for ServiceGuard customers HP Servicecontrol Manager 3.0 for multisystem management, which provides a single point of administration for HP-UX 11i and Linux. Table 2: Features and Functions: HP-UX 11i Compatibility Performance/Scalabi lity Data and source code compatible across PA-RISC and Itanium servers. Binary compatibility with HP-UX 11i v.1.5 and 1.6 on Itanium-based systems. HP-UX 11i functions on systems ranging from workstations and access servers up to application servers and data center servers. It scales up to 64 processors and is designed for future scaling up to 256 processors in a single system. Instant Capacity on Demand (icod) allows additional processors to be brought online when system load requires it: Support for PA-RISC and IPF processors MxN threads for optimal Java performance (for Itanium only) One- to 64-way symmetric multiprocessing scalability (up to 128-way expected by the end of 2003) Up to 1 terabyte of main memory 2-terabyte maximum file system and file size (increase to 4 terabytes expected by the end of 2003) Autoport aggregation for higher networking bandwidths (optional product, PA-RISC only) Dynamic memory page sizing icod (optional product) 15 September

7 Table 2: Features and Functions: HP-UX 11i Management Availability/Reliability Connectivity/Interope rability Web Application Centralized graphical user interface (GUI) interface (Servicecontrol Manager) Networkable multisystem configuration tracking (System Inventory Manager) Online GUI-based dynamic kernel configuration (HP-UX kernel configuration) Management of hundreds of remote nodes through Centralized Web Console (optional product) Automatic system administrator notification of exception conditions (EMS) Role-based system administrator capabilities Allocation of system resources (Process Resource Manager, add-on product) Automatic, goal-based allocation of system resources Automatic OS updates over a network (Ignite-UX) Automatic application software updates over a network (Software Distributor-UX) Hardware-based partitions Software-based partitions (HP-UX Virtual Partitions, optional product). Also, PRM ServiceGuard Manager (GUI) interface for monitoring and configuration management of clusters Integrated operating environments Dynamic processor and memory resilience Online file system administration (Online Journaled File System, add-on product) Fast file system recovery (Journaled File System) Disk mirroring (MirrorDisk/UX, optional product) System administrator notification of system exception conditions Highly available SAP and Oracle9i RAC environments with ServiceGuard extensions (optional) Dynamically tunable kernel parameters. Autoport aggregation for transparent link redundancy (optional product) MC/ServiceGuard for automatic application failover (optional product) Dynamic failover to icod CPUs Disaster recovery (extended campus cluster, metropolitan cluster, continental clusters all optional products) TCP/IP TCP wrappers for network activity monitoring Service Location Protocol (SLP) Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) services Washington University File Transfer Protocol (WU-FTP). IPv.4, IPv.6. Mobile IPv.4. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) versions 4 and 6 Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) 9.2. Domain Name System (DNS) Sendmail Common Internet File System (CIFS). NFS HP Apache-based Web server integrated with additional HP features including built-in Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) BEA Weblogic Platform 8.1, including Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) BEA Weblogic Server Oracle9i Application Server 15 September

8 Table 2: Features and Functions: HP-UX 11i Development Tools Security Linux Compatibility Internationalization COBOL HP-UX Java tools optimized by HP Java labs C C++ FORTRAN Hardened kernel HP-UX Bastille (secure system lockdown) Install-time security lockdown through Bastille (Itanium only) Trusted users, passwords, disks, file systems and permissions Public key infrastructure (PKI) support (PA-RISC only). Buffer overflow protection (transparent to applications) Ipsec, or Internet Protocol security Host Intrusion Detection System IPFilter host firewall Internet daemon services Built-in encryption/decryption accelerators Netscape directory server LDAP UX integration with Windows and Unix Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) Server C2 compliance Common Criteria EAL 4-CAPP certified Security patch monitoring (Security Patch Check) (PA-RISC only) Pluggable authentication module Kerberos security server Virtual vault (optional product, PA-RISC only) GNU Tool Chain Over 50 open source tools API compatibility Application binary interface (ABI) compatibility (Itanium only) Scanner to identify problems and recommended changes Native Language Support (NLS) for more than 50 locales. Localized user interfaces for simplified and traditional Chinese, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Korean, Japanese, Norwegian and others. Analysis HP reports that its Unix business, involving both hardware and software, is thriving. It is a US$20 billion business, with more than 2 million units in use, and approximately 2,000 developers creating software for the platform. In 2002, there were some 1,300 HP-UX patents filed, underscoring the relevancy of the HP Unix business. The i in HP-UX 11i stands for Internet. HP-UX 11i v.1 and the newer HP-UX 11i v.2 were designed with features for effectively conducting business over the Internet. HP-UX 11i is equipped to run Web sites, facilitate e-commerce and perform a host of other Internet operations. The core objective for HP-UX 11i is to perform as a solid mission-critical operating system to support the workload management activities of data centers and enterprises. 15 September

9 HP markets HP-UX 11i as the platform with choice, but HP s propensity for customer choice actually extends to other operating system environments. HP Integrity servers, the company s newest hardware systems based on Itanium 2, provide its customers with a choice of operating systems they run on HP- UX, Linux and Windows. The three operating systems are being driven by very different market needs. Gartner sees the positioning of HP s operating systems is as follows: HP-UX HP-UX 11i is generally implemented for mission-critical enterprise and service provider infrastructures, focused on database, analytical and data warehousing. Windows Windows is used mostly for foundation/application services, such as Web servers, file/print, , e-commerce, select applications and basic server infrastructure. Depending on the customer, these markets overlap with HP-UX 11i. Linux Linux is the operating system requested most often for appliance servers and embedded systems, as well as being an application development platform. It is also used for Web servers and access services, such as for firewall, caching and load balancing. As far as its HP-UX business goes, HP is striving to reduce the complexity customers face by offering a selection of four HP-UX 11i operating environments Foundation, Enterprise, Mission-Critical and Technical each of which is targeted to a different business need. The vendor further offers a twopronged approach to server functionality with support for its traditional PA-RISC processor and the newer Itanium processor line. HP has a 15-year investment in PA-RISC for its Unix customers, and even though the company is focusing on the HP-UX 11i on Itanium as its strategic Unix platform, it will continue to enhance and support PA-RISC through By promoting both server OS lines, HP has a balanced approach: it will provide stable technology to current customers while promoting Itanium 2. Itanium 2, released in June 2003, offers 50 percent improved performance over its predecessor, according to Intel. By positioning itself as a major Itanium 2 vendor early in the market cycle, over time, HP hopes to convince customers that Itanium is the way forward. The company plans to provide Itanium-based solutions that address the price/performance, scalability and availability needs of customers. Further development of PA-RISC stops after two more generations (PA-8800 and PA-8900) after that, it has to be Intel Itanium. Gartner anticipates that revenue from HP-UX on Itanium will exceed that of the PA-RISC platform by the end of HP-UX 11i v.2 brings all the functionality of HP-UX for PA-RISC to the Itanium platform. Such parity could not be said for the first two generations of HP-UX for Itanium. For example, until now, HP-UX for Itanium didn t support icod capabilities. Likewise, application support lagged for the Itanium OS as compared to the PA-RISC version. But developer support has improved significantly with HP-UX 11i v.2. More than 130 independent software vendors (ISVs) have ported over 200 applications and development tools to the platform. Aside from technical parity, the two editions of HP-UX (for PA-RISC and Itanium) provide architectural compatibility across the server platforms. HP provides full data and source code compatibility. HP-UX 11i v.2 provides the built-in capability to run PA-RISC binaries on the Itanium platform through Aries dynamic code translation. There is an inevitable performance hit when using translation software, however. But while performance won t match that of a native port of the application to Itanium, it will enable customers to stage their migration to IPF. When should customers jump to IPF? Customers shouldn t feel pressured into moving to IPF; HP will continue to offer services and support for PA-RISC until at least the end of the decade. However, 15 September

10 customers will find that ISV enthusiasm for PA will diminish as HP puts all its emphasis on IPF. Typically this is what happens when a processor architecture comes to the end of the line. The latest versions and releases of applications, tools or middleware, may no longer support the legacy platform. We would therefore advise HP-UX clients to put in place an IPF migration strategy, starting with the least missioncritical applications to gain experience. We believe that the decline in ISV enthusiasm will start to happen in the 2007/8 time frame. HP s Adaptive Enterprise Infrastructure In May 2003, HP announced its Adaptive Enterprise Infrastructure initiative, a blueprint for using adaptive technologies to reduce the level of information technology (IT) cost, effort and risk that is linked with corporate changes. It is designed to give customers the tools to react spontaneously to rapidly changing internal and external business circumstances. HP markets HP-UX 11i v.2 as a centerpiece product for its Adaptive Enterprise Infrastructure. The operating system is designed, according to HP, to deliver a flexible, on-demand computing environment with automated intelligence, icod capabilities and a fully available infrastructure. In the event of a system failure, HP-UX 11i adaptive components take over to ensure the integrity of the system. For example, on an application failover, HP-UX ServiceGuard automatically adjusts system resources according to predefined business rules, and the Workload Manager dynamically activates additional CPUs if needed. In designing HP-UX 11i to support the Adaptive Enterprise Infrastructure, HP concentrated on the areas of automated management (to reduce the complexity of systems); dynamic resource optimization (including partitioning capabilities); and continuous secure operations (including availability and scalability). Pricing Table 3: Per-Processor Licensing for HP-UX Operating Environments for all HP-UX Servers Worldwide Reference Price Licenses HP-UX 11i Operating Environment per-processor Licenseto-Use,purchasewithsystem HP-UX 11i Enterprise Operating Environment per- Processor License, purchase separately from system HP-UX 11i Enterprise OE per-processor License-to-Use, purchase with system HP-UX 11i Enterprise OE per-processor License-to-Use, purchase separately from system HP-UX Mission-Critical OE per-processor License-to-Use, purchase with system HP-UX Mission-Critical OE per-processor License-to-Use, purchase separately from system HP-UX Mission-Critical OE per-processor License Upgrade from Enterprise OE HP-UX Technical Computing Operating Environment per- Processor License-to-Use, purchase with system US$ N/C 735 5,250 5,985 9,300 10,035 4,050 N/C 15 September

11 Table 3: Per-Processor Licensing for HP-UX Operating Environments for all HP-UX Servers Worldwide Reference Price Licenses US$ HP-UX Technical Computing Operating Environment per- Processor License-to-Use, purchase separately from system Note: All prices presented here are Worldwide Reference Prices. They are subject to change. Always consult HP for the most current pricing. Source: Hewlett-Packard. GSA Pricing Yes. Competitors HP-UX 11i remains one of the healthiest Unix implementations in a market that is increasingly feeling the pressure of Linux and Windows. Not only does the operating system compete directly with IBM AIX and Sun Microsystems Solaris, it also competes with Linux at the lower end and faces strong competition from Windows and Intel-based servers. Because of its broad platform support, HP maintains an industry leadership position in the areas of Unix, Windows and Linux server revenue. With a vested interest in the success of the Itanium 2 chip, HP has placed the processor on its Unix, Windows, and Linux workstation and server systems. Like other Unix competitors, HP continually upgrades its operating system with focuses on data center support, scalability, security, manageability, Linux integration and Web applications. Strengths Mature and Dependable HP-UX 11i is a solid, powerful and proven Unix operating environment for the enterprise. It has been around for years and has a favorable reputation for dependability and scalability. It provides a comprehensive range of availability and reliability; directory and security services; Internet and Web application services; and system management capabilities. There are 16,000 ISV applications that support HP-UX, including leading applications from suppliers, such as BEA, Cognos, Micro Focus, Oracle, Rational, SAP, SAS and Verity. And although ISVs were slow to support the HP-UX on the Itanium architecture, momentum is building. As of May 2003, there were approximately 130 ISVs that released more than 200 applications and development tools to run on HP Itanium 2-based servers. 735 Compatibility Between PA-RISC and Intel Itanium Versions HP-UX 11i v.2 is fully data, source and binary compatible with previous versions of HP-UX 11i for IPF and PA-RISC processor-based systems. HP s Aries translator provides binary compatibility and allows PA- RISC applications to run without change on HP s Itanium 2-based systems (HP Integrity rx servers and Integrity Superdome servers). The HP 9000 line is PA-RISC-based. There is also a common look-and-feel to the operating environments. As HP begins to phase out development for PA-RISC in favor of the IPF, this compatibility will smooth the transition to Itanium servers. Scalability 15 September

12 The newest version of HP-UX 11i scales to 64 Itanium processors on the high-end HP Superdome. HP- UX 11i v.2 runs on workstations, application servers and data center servers. HP plans to take its operating system to the 256-processor mark in the future. With icod support, HP-UX 11i allows additional processors to be brought online on the fly as circumstances dictate. IPF Computing HP and Intel were the co-developers of the Itanium architecture in the early 1990s. Because of its involvement, HP was capable of quickly building PA-RISC compatibility into the Itanium chip. HP-UX 111i was Itanium-ready more than a year before the chip was on the market. It was the first Unix operating system off the ground and running full force on Itanium. HP shipped its first Itanium system in June While HP will ultimately phase out PA-RISC in favor of IPF-based systems, the company offers an incremental and digestible avenue for its PA-RISC customers. The company encourages customers to consider moving as their business needs dictate and provides a comprehensive set of technical, support and business programs to facilitate the transition. Limitations Migration Away From RISC Although it was the cornerstone for HP s Unix business, the vendor has determined that its 15-year-old PA-RISC architecture has run its course. HP will focus its energies into IPF from the second half of This move may cause some staunch RISC proponents to look in other Unix directions, like Sun Microsystems, for example. Sun s Solaris version of Unix runs on SPARC RISC processors. To its credit, HP is making the migration as easy as possible through full data, binary and source compatibility between the PA-RISC and Itanium 2 editions of HP-UX 11i. But HP is encouraging migrations and is giving IPF customers the best deals. Eventually, HP-UX users will have to migrate to IPF, and to get the most out of the IPF machines they will need to recompile their applications or reinvest in new versions of software for IPF. Insight HP-UX 11i remains one of the strongest and safest versions of Unix. It is among the strongest in terms of functionality and technical capacities, and among the safest in terms of IT investments. With the controversial merger with Compaq behind it, the vendor has articulated a clear vision of its Unix server and operating system road map. HP-UX 11i s strong enterprise-capable facilities, dual PA-RISC and Itanium architecture support, and HP s broad server line, make HP-UX 11i attractive for large computing environments. HP s challenge, however, is not only to win new customers for HP-UX 11i and to convince them of the viability of Itanium, but also to maintain the confidence and loyalty of its PA-RISC base. 15 September